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unix_memo.md

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UNIX

Modules

modinfo [module]    # info on a module
modprobe -a [module]     # manually load a module
modprobe -r [module]    # manually unload a module
modprobe -l    # list kernel modules
lsmod          # list loaded kernel modules

File to put blacklist modules :

/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist  # liste des m

Some modules :

blacklist ohci1394  # firewire
blacklist sdhci_pci # card SD
blacklist ricoh_mmc # card mmc
blacklist pcspkr   # mother board speakers
blacklist rtl8187  # wifi
blacklist pci_slot  # pci
blacklist ata_piix # IDE controller, useless if sata
blacklist r8187b # wifi
blacklist prism2_usb # wifi
blacklist rtl8187  # wifi

Network

Change MAC :

ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 hw ether 00:11:22:33:44:55
ifconfig eth0 up

Set IP and mask :

ifconfig eth0 inet 192.168.1.18 netmask 255.255.255.0

Set default Gateway :

route add default gw 192.168.1.1

Flush DNS cache :

sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart # HARD
sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start

sudo killall -SIGHUP dnsmasq

Users

Add a UNIX user with login : my_login, and password : my_pass , and the shell MySecureShell :

useradd -m -s /bin/MySecureShell -p `openssl passwd my_pass` my_login

Completely remove a UNIX user :

userdel -rf [user login]

Remove a UNIX user password :

passwd -d [user login]

Disable an user :

passwd -l [user login]

Unable an user :

passwd -l [user login]

Add a UNIX user to a secondary group :

usermod -a -G [group] [user login]

Brightness

levels: 1 8 15 20 29 39 49 59 69 Set a level :

echo "8" > /proc/acpi/video/VGA1/LCDD/brightness

Services

Start a service :

/etc/init.d/a_service start

Stop a service :

/etc/init.d/a_service stop

Remove a service from boot :

update-rc.d -f [service name] remove

Put a service on boot :

update-rc.d [service name] defaults

Somes services :

cups                 # printers
hplip       # HP printers
apmd               #  kernel useless if 'apm' return nothing or "no support"
lvm      # for logicals volumes
apport              # send feedbacl to Ubuntu (useless)
avahi-daemon       # a network deamon, for sharing ressources
pcmciautils         # pcmcia card
pcmcia
dns-clean           # for modems
bluetooth          # bluetooth
bluez-utils
vmware          # vmware products
nmbd                    # deamon samba
smbd                     # deamon samba
pppd-dns            # modem only (not adsl)
saned               # xsane scanner photo
usplash             # boot progress bar
pulseaudio          # ubuntu sound server
ntpd                # time server
openntpd            # time server
portmap            # open the port 111, for printers
ondemand           # scaling governor CPU
nfs-common         # file sharing server
mdadm              # manage RAID
mdadm-raid              # manage RAID
laptop-mode     # for bateries
evms           # for "Enterprise Volumn Management System"
fetchmail        # email receiver
inetd    # look to /etc/inetd.conf

CPU

Set CPU power :

echo 1300000 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/scaling_setspeed

Change CPU manager :

echo performance/userspace/powersave > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/scaling_governor

performance : max frequence powersave : min frequence userpace : choice the frequence by scaling-set

Get actual CPU speed :

cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep MHz

USB problem

mkdir /etc/udev/rules.old
mv /etc/udev/rules.d/* /etc/udev/rules.old
service udev restart

Hard Drive

Tools :

sudo apt-get install mtools
sudo apt-get install e2fsprogs
sudo apt-get install qemu
sudo apt-get install dosfstools

Photorec :

sudo apt-get install testdisk

Rename VFAT :

mlabel -i /dev/sdc6 ::NewName

If problem :

echo mtools_skip_check=1 >> ~/.mtoolsrc

Rename NTFS :

ntfslabel /dev/sdc6 NewName

Rename ext3 :

e2label /dev/sdc6 NewName

or

tune2fs -L Newname /dev/sdc5

Create a 10G qemu image disk :

qemu-img create -f vmdk hda.vmdk 10G

Info on disk mount :

tune2fs -l /dev/sdc6 | grep Max

Sound

Down volume :

    amixer -q -c 0 sset Master 1-

Up volume :

amixer -q -c 0 sset Master 1+

Mute :

amixer -q -c 0 sset Master mute

Unmute :

amixer -q -c 0 sset Master unmute

Toggle mute/unmute :

amixer -q -c 0 sset Master toggle

Screen

Tool :

sudo apt-get install screen

Start a screen :

screen -S [screen name]

Detach screen :

Control + a + d

Attach existing screen :

screen -r [screen name]

List screens :

screen -ls

Attach an opened screen :

screen -x [screen name]

Remove "zombies" screens :

screen -wipe

Various

Apache Bandwidth usage :

cat /var/log/apache2/access.log | awk '{ SUM += $NF} END { print SUM/1024/1024 " mo" }'

Speed up Gnome :

echo "gtk-menu-popup-delay = 0" >> ~/.gtkrc-2.0

Capture Streaming Audio :

sudo apt-get install streamripper
streamripper [URL:PORT] -d [directorty to extract, default=here]

Remove TMP files :

find . -name '*~' -exec rm {} \;