Heart-Disease Classification.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8a8c637c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Importing Required Libraries\n",
    "We'll begin by importing the necessary libraries for our machine learning task."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "27c528ce",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
    "from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\n",
    "from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier\n",
    "from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score\n",
    "import pickle"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "65209166",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Loading the Dataset\n",
    "Next, we'll load the dataset into a pandas DataFrame."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "1c543a5c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sex</th>\n",
       "      <th>Chest pain type</th>\n",
       "      <th>BP</th>\n",
       "      <th>Cholesterol</th>\n",
       "      <th>FBS over 120</th>\n",
       "      <th>EKG results</th>\n",
       "      <th>Max HR</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exercise angina</th>\n",
       "      <th>ST depression</th>\n",
       "      <th>Slope of ST</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of vessels fluro</th>\n",
       "      <th>Thallium</th>\n",
       "      <th>Heart Disease</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>322</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>109</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Presence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>115</td>\n",
       "      <td>564</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Absence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>124</td>\n",
       "      <td>261</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>141</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Presence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>128</td>\n",
       "      <td>263</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Absence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>269</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>121</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Absence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>265</th>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>172</td>\n",
       "      <td>199</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>162</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Absence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>266</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>263</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>173</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>Absence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>267</th>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>294</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>153</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Absence</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>268</th>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>192</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>148</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>Absence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>269</th>\n",
       "      <td>67</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>160</td>\n",
       "      <td>286</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>108</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>Presence</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>270 rows × 14 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Age  Sex  Chest pain type   BP  Cholesterol  FBS over 120  EKG results  \\\n",
       "0     70    1                4  130          322             0            2   \n",
       "1     67    0                3  115          564             0            2   \n",
       "2     57    1                2  124          261             0            0   \n",
       "3     64    1                4  128          263             0            0   \n",
       "4     74    0                2  120          269             0            2   \n",
       "..   ...  ...              ...  ...          ...           ...          ...   \n",
       "265   52    1                3  172          199             1            0   \n",
       "266   44    1                2  120          263             0            0   \n",
       "267   56    0                2  140          294             0            2   \n",
       "268   57    1                4  140          192             0            0   \n",
       "269   67    1                4  160          286             0            2   \n",
       "\n",
       "     Max HR  Exercise angina  ST depression  Slope of ST  \\\n",
       "0       109                0            2.4            2   \n",
       "1       160                0            1.6            2   \n",
       "2       141                0            0.3            1   \n",
       "3       105                1            0.2            2   \n",
       "4       121                1            0.2            1   \n",
       "..      ...              ...            ...          ...   \n",
       "265     162                0            0.5            1   \n",
       "266     173                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "267     153                0            1.3            2   \n",
       "268     148                0            0.4            2   \n",
       "269     108                1            1.5            2   \n",
       "\n",
       "     Number of vessels fluro  Thallium Heart Disease  \n",
       "0                          3         3      Presence  \n",
       "1                          0         7       Absence  \n",
       "2                          0         7      Presence  \n",
       "3                          1         7       Absence  \n",
       "4                          1         3       Absence  \n",
       "..                       ...       ...           ...  \n",
       "265                        0         7       Absence  \n",
       "266                        0         7       Absence  \n",
       "267                        0         3       Absence  \n",
       "268                        0         6       Absence  \n",
       "269                        3         3      Presence  \n",
       "\n",
       "[270 rows x 14 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data = pd.read_csv(\"Heart_Disease_Prediction.csv\")\n",
    "data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7264b424",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)\n",
    "EDA helps us understand the structure and characteristics of the dataset. Let's take a look at the data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "a0903cb0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>\n",
      "RangeIndex: 270 entries, 0 to 269\n",
      "Data columns (total 14 columns):\n",
      " #   Column                   Non-Null Count  Dtype  \n",
      "---  ------                   --------------  -----  \n",
      " 0   Age                      270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 1   Sex                      270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 2   Chest pain type          270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 3   BP                       270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 4   Cholesterol              270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 5   FBS over 120             270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 6   EKG results              270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 7   Max HR                   270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 8   Exercise angina          270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 9   ST depression            270 non-null    float64\n",
      " 10  Slope of ST              270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 11  Number of vessels fluro  270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 12  Thallium                 270 non-null    int64  \n",
      " 13  Heart Disease            270 non-null    object \n",
      "dtypes: float64(1), int64(12), object(1)\n",
      "memory usage: 29.7+ KB\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sex</th>\n",
       "      <th>Chest pain type</th>\n",
       "      <th>BP</th>\n",
       "      <th>Cholesterol</th>\n",
       "      <th>FBS over 120</th>\n",
       "      <th>EKG results</th>\n",
       "      <th>Max HR</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exercise angina</th>\n",
       "      <th>ST depression</th>\n",
       "      <th>Slope of ST</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of vessels fluro</th>\n",
       "      <th>Thallium</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>270.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>mean</th>\n",
       "      <td>54.433333</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.677778</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.174074</td>\n",
       "      <td>131.344444</td>\n",
       "      <td>249.659259</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.148148</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.022222</td>\n",
       "      <td>149.677778</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.329630</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.05000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.585185</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.670370</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.696296</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>std</th>\n",
       "      <td>9.109067</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.468195</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.950090</td>\n",
       "      <td>17.861608</td>\n",
       "      <td>51.686237</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.355906</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.997891</td>\n",
       "      <td>23.165717</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.470952</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.14521</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.614390</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.943896</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.940659</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>min</th>\n",
       "      <td>29.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>94.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>126.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>71.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25%</th>\n",
       "      <td>48.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>120.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>213.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>133.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.00000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>50%</th>\n",
       "      <td>55.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>130.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>245.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>153.500000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.80000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>75%</th>\n",
       "      <td>61.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>140.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>280.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>166.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.60000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>max</th>\n",
       "      <td>77.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>200.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>564.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>202.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.20000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.000000</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.000000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "              Age         Sex  Chest pain type          BP  Cholesterol  \\\n",
       "count  270.000000  270.000000       270.000000  270.000000   270.000000   \n",
       "mean    54.433333    0.677778         3.174074  131.344444   249.659259   \n",
       "std      9.109067    0.468195         0.950090   17.861608    51.686237   \n",
       "min     29.000000    0.000000         1.000000   94.000000   126.000000   \n",
       "25%     48.000000    0.000000         3.000000  120.000000   213.000000   \n",
       "50%     55.000000    1.000000         3.000000  130.000000   245.000000   \n",
       "75%     61.000000    1.000000         4.000000  140.000000   280.000000   \n",
       "max     77.000000    1.000000         4.000000  200.000000   564.000000   \n",
       "\n",
       "       FBS over 120  EKG results      Max HR  Exercise angina  ST depression  \\\n",
       "count    270.000000   270.000000  270.000000       270.000000      270.00000   \n",
       "mean       0.148148     1.022222  149.677778         0.329630        1.05000   \n",
       "std        0.355906     0.997891   23.165717         0.470952        1.14521   \n",
       "min        0.000000     0.000000   71.000000         0.000000        0.00000   \n",
       "25%        0.000000     0.000000  133.000000         0.000000        0.00000   \n",
       "50%        0.000000     2.000000  153.500000         0.000000        0.80000   \n",
       "75%        0.000000     2.000000  166.000000         1.000000        1.60000   \n",
       "max        1.000000     2.000000  202.000000         1.000000        6.20000   \n",
       "\n",
       "       Slope of ST  Number of vessels fluro    Thallium  \n",
       "count   270.000000               270.000000  270.000000  \n",
       "mean      1.585185                 0.670370    4.696296  \n",
       "std       0.614390                 0.943896    1.940659  \n",
       "min       1.000000                 0.000000    3.000000  \n",
       "25%       1.000000                 0.000000    3.000000  \n",
       "50%       2.000000                 0.000000    3.000000  \n",
       "75%       2.000000                 1.000000    7.000000  \n",
       "max       3.000000                 3.000000    7.000000  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "data.head()  # Display the first few rows of the dataset\n",
    "data.info()  # Get information about the dataset, such as data types and missing values\n",
    "data.describe()  # Generate descriptive statistics of the dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "fe24071f",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Data Preprocessing\n",
    "We need to preprocess the data before building our machine learning model. This involves handling missing values, converting categorical variables to numerical, and splitting the data into training and testing sets."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "37df9a2e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Handle missing values if any\n",
    "data.dropna(inplace=True)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Convert categorical variables to numerical using one-hot encoding\n",
    "#data = pd.get_dummies(data, columns=[\"Sex\", \"Chest pain type\",\"Cholesterol\", \"Thallium\"])\n",
    "\n",
    "# Split the data into features (X) and target variable (y)\n",
    "X = data.drop(\"Heart Disease\", axis=1)\n",
    "y = data[\"Heart Disease\"]\n",
    "\n",
    "# Split the data into training and testing sets\n",
    "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Scale the features using StandardScaler\n",
    "scaler = StandardScaler()\n",
    "X_train_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)\n",
    "X_test_scaled = scaler.transform(X_test)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f793dffe",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Training the Model\n",
    "Now, we'll train a Random Forest Classifier using the preprocessed data."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "id": "f5ea6e89",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<style>#sk-container-id-1 {color: black;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-1 pre{padding: 0;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable {background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label {cursor: pointer;display: block;width: 100%;margin-bottom: 0;padding: 0.3em;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▸\";float: left;margin-right: 0.25em;color: #696969;}#sk-container-id-1 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator:hover label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {color: black;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 0;max-width: 0;overflow: hidden;text-align: left;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {margin: 0.2em;color: black;border-radius: 0.25em;background-color: #f0f8ff;}#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {max-height: 200px;max-width: 100%;overflow: auto;}#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {content: \"▾\";}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-1 input.sk-hidden--visually {border: 0;clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);height: 1px;margin: -1px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0;position: absolute;width: 1px;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator {font-family: monospace;background-color: #f0f8ff;border: 1px dotted black;border-radius: 0.25em;box-sizing: border-box;margin-bottom: 0.5em;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-estimator:hover {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item::after {content: \"\";width: 100%;border-bottom: 1px solid gray;flex-grow: 1;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {background-color: #d4ebff;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-serial::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: 0;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-serial {display: flex;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;background-color: white;padding-right: 0.2em;padding-left: 0.2em;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-item {position: relative;z-index: 1;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel {display: flex;align-items: stretch;justify-content: center;background-color: white;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-item::before, #sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item::before {content: \"\";position: absolute;border-left: 1px solid gray;box-sizing: border-box;top: 0;bottom: 0;left: 50%;z-index: -1;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item {display: flex;flex-direction: column;z-index: 1;position: relative;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {align-self: flex-end;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {align-self: flex-start;width: 50%;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {width: 0;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {border: 1px dashed gray;margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;box-sizing: border-box;padding-bottom: 0.4em;background-color: white;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label label {font-family: monospace;font-weight: bold;display: inline-block;line-height: 1.2em;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-label-container {text-align: center;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-container {/* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }` but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }` so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org. See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */display: inline-block !important;position: relative;}#sk-container-id-1 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {display: none;}</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-1\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" type=\"checkbox\" checked><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-1\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label sk-toggleable__label-arrow\">RandomForestClassifier</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content\"><pre>RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)</pre></div></div></div></div></div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100, random_state=42)\n",
    "model.fit(X_train_scaled, y_train)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "6f9fc03c",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Evaluating the Model\n",
    "Let's evaluate the model's performance on the test set."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "id": "ed3e300b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Accuracy: 0.7592592592592593\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y_pred = model.predict(X_test_scaled)\n",
    "accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)\n",
    "print(\"Accuracy:\", accuracy)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "id": "3c045737",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "array(['Absence', 'Presence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Presence',\n",
       "       'Presence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence',\n",
       "       'Presence', 'Presence', 'Presence', 'Absence', 'Absence',\n",
       "       'Absence', 'Presence', 'Absence', 'Presence', 'Absence', 'Absence',\n",
       "       'Absence', 'Absence', 'Presence', 'Absence', 'Presence', 'Absence',\n",
       "       'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence',\n",
       "       'Absence', 'Presence', 'Absence', 'Presence', 'Presence',\n",
       "       'Absence', 'Absence', 'Absence', 'Presence', 'Absence', 'Absence',\n",
       "       'Absence', 'Presence', 'Presence', 'Presence', 'Absence',\n",
       "       'Absence', 'Absence', 'Presence'], dtype=object)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y_pred"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "8c66efe8",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Saving the Model\n",
    "We'll save the trained model to a file using the pickle module for later use."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "id": "2113fa77",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "with open(\"heart_disease_model.pkl\", \"wb\") as file:\n",
    "    pickle.dump(model, file)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "id": "05ec64c6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Save the scaler object\n",
    "with open(\"scaler.pkl\", \"wb\") as file:\n",
    "    pickle.dump(scaler, file)\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "d741ab70",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Create the Flask App\n",
    "Create a new Python file, let's call it 'app.py', and import the necessary libraries."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "id": "ede1c4ad",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Age</th>\n",
       "      <th>Sex</th>\n",
       "      <th>Chest pain type</th>\n",
       "      <th>BP</th>\n",
       "      <th>Cholesterol</th>\n",
       "      <th>FBS over 120</th>\n",
       "      <th>EKG results</th>\n",
       "      <th>Max HR</th>\n",
       "      <th>Exercise angina</th>\n",
       "      <th>ST depression</th>\n",
       "      <th>Slope of ST</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of vessels fluro</th>\n",
       "      <th>Thallium</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>128</td>\n",
       "      <td>229</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>150</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>116</th>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>249</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>144</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>79</th>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>236</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>178</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>127</th>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>136</td>\n",
       "      <td>196</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>169</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>196</th>\n",
       "      <td>58</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "      <td>248</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>122</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>137</th>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>249</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>144</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>209</th>\n",
       "      <td>37</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>250</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>187</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>58</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>211</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>165</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>158</th>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>193</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>162</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>247</th>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>155</td>\n",
       "      <td>269</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>148</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>183</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>102</td>\n",
       "      <td>265</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>122</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>268</th>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>192</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>148</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>227</th>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>132</td>\n",
       "      <td>341</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>136</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>82</th>\n",
       "      <td>58</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>150</td>\n",
       "      <td>270</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>111</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>165</th>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>180</td>\n",
       "      <td>325</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>154</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>194</th>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>124</td>\n",
       "      <td>255</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>175</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>226</th>\n",
       "      <td>62</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>263</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>97</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>146</th>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>112</td>\n",
       "      <td>230</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>104</th>\n",
       "      <td>63</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>254</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>147</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>60</th>\n",
       "      <td>57</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>150</td>\n",
       "      <td>126</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>173</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>221</th>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>135</td>\n",
       "      <td>254</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>127</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>266</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>263</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>173</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>46</th>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>118</td>\n",
       "      <td>149</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>126</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>42</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>233</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>179</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>185</th>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>315</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>162</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>63</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>150</td>\n",
       "      <td>407</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>154</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>115</td>\n",
       "      <td>303</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>181</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>199</th>\n",
       "      <td>77</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>304</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>162</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>109</th>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>112</td>\n",
       "      <td>160</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>138</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>132</td>\n",
       "      <td>288</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>159</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>113</th>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>135</td>\n",
       "      <td>304</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>170</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>68</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>118</td>\n",
       "      <td>242</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>149</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.3</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>144</th>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>192</td>\n",
       "      <td>283</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>195</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>224</th>\n",
       "      <td>35</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>138</td>\n",
       "      <td>183</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>182</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>252</th>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>112</td>\n",
       "      <td>290</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>153</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>256</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>142</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>120</th>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>188</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>139</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>67</th>\n",
       "      <td>58</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>136</td>\n",
       "      <td>319</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>152</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>119</th>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>283</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>103</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>118</th>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>150</td>\n",
       "      <td>226</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>114</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "      <td>275</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>139</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>125</th>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>160</td>\n",
       "      <td>201</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>163</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>244</th>\n",
       "      <td>51</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>308</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>142</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.5</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>40</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>199</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>178</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>77</th>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>199</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>179</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>216</th>\n",
       "      <td>63</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>135</td>\n",
       "      <td>252</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>172</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>90</th>\n",
       "      <td>59</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>140</td>\n",
       "      <td>221</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>164</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>208</th>\n",
       "      <td>64</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>309</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>131</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>93</th>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>110</td>\n",
       "      <td>206</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>108</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>180</th>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>240</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>194</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.8</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>71</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>112</td>\n",
       "      <td>149</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>125</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.6</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>152</th>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>108</td>\n",
       "      <td>267</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>167</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>232</th>\n",
       "      <td>45</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>115</td>\n",
       "      <td>260</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>185</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>250</th>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>4</td>\n",
       "      <td>120</td>\n",
       "      <td>188</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>113</td>\n",
       "      <td>0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.4</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Age  Sex  Chest pain type   BP  Cholesterol  FBS over 120  EKG results  \\\n",
       "30    57    1                3  128          229             0            2   \n",
       "116   46    1                4  120          249             0            2   \n",
       "79    56    1                2  120          236             0            0   \n",
       "127   52    0                3  136          196             0            2   \n",
       "196   58    0                4  100          248             0            2   \n",
       "137   56    1                4  125          249             1            2   \n",
       "209   37    1                3  130          250             0            0   \n",
       "45    58    1                3  140          211             1            2   \n",
       "158   56    1                1  120          193             0            2   \n",
       "247   65    0                3  155          269             0            0   \n",
       "183   42    0                4  102          265             0            2   \n",
       "268   57    1                4  140          192             0            0   \n",
       "227   43    0                4  132          341             1            2   \n",
       "82    58    1                4  150          270             0            2   \n",
       "165   64    0                4  180          325             0            0   \n",
       "194   48    1                3  124          255             1            0   \n",
       "226   62    0                3  130          263             0            0   \n",
       "146   52    1                4  112          230             0            0   \n",
       "104   63    1                4  130          254             0            2   \n",
       "60    57    1                3  150          126             1            0   \n",
       "221   65    1                4  135          254             0            2   \n",
       "266   44    1                2  120          263             0            0   \n",
       "46    49    1                3  118          149             0            2   \n",
       "42    44    1                3  130          233             0            0   \n",
       "185   43    1                3  130          315             0            0   \n",
       "9     63    0                4  150          407             0            2   \n",
       "22    43    1                4  115          303             0            0   \n",
       "199   77    1                4  125          304             0            2   \n",
       "109   45    0                2  112          160             0            0   \n",
       "24    54    0                2  132          288             1            2   \n",
       "113   54    0                3  135          304             1            0   \n",
       "68    44    0                3  118          242             0            0   \n",
       "144   54    1                2  192          283             0            2   \n",
       "224   35    0                4  138          183             0            0   \n",
       "252   44    1                4  112          290             0            2   \n",
       "6     56    1                3  130          256             1            2   \n",
       "120   49    1                3  120          188             0            0   \n",
       "67    58    0                2  136          319             1            2   \n",
       "119   56    1                4  130          283             1            2   \n",
       "118   66    0                1  150          226             0            0   \n",
       "25    48    0                3  130          275             0            0   \n",
       "125   54    0                3  160          201             0            0   \n",
       "244   51    0                3  140          308             0            2   \n",
       "19    40    1                1  140          199             0            0   \n",
       "77    39    0                3   94          199             0            0   \n",
       "216   63    0                3  135          252             0            2   \n",
       "90    59    1                2  140          221             0            0   \n",
       "208   64    1                3  125          309             0            0   \n",
       "93    54    1                4  110          206             0            2   \n",
       "180   42    1                3  120          240             1            0   \n",
       "15    71    0                4  112          149             0            0   \n",
       "152   54    0                3  108          267             0            2   \n",
       "232   45    1                4  115          260             0            2   \n",
       "250   54    1                4  120          188             0            0   \n",
       "\n",
       "     Max HR  Exercise angina  ST depression  Slope of ST  \\\n",
       "30      150                0            0.4            2   \n",
       "116     144                0            0.8            1   \n",
       "79      178                0            0.8            1   \n",
       "127     169                0            0.1            2   \n",
       "196     122                0            1.0            2   \n",
       "137     144                1            1.2            2   \n",
       "209     187                0            3.5            3   \n",
       "45      165                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "158     162                0            1.9            2   \n",
       "247     148                0            0.8            1   \n",
       "183     122                0            0.6            2   \n",
       "268     148                0            0.4            2   \n",
       "227     136                1            3.0            2   \n",
       "82      111                1            0.8            1   \n",
       "165     154                1            0.0            1   \n",
       "194     175                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "226      97                0            1.2            2   \n",
       "146     160                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "104     147                0            1.4            2   \n",
       "60      173                0            0.2            1   \n",
       "221     127                0            2.8            2   \n",
       "266     173                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "46      126                0            0.8            1   \n",
       "42      179                1            0.4            1   \n",
       "185     162                0            1.9            1   \n",
       "9       154                0            4.0            2   \n",
       "22      181                0            1.2            2   \n",
       "199     162                1            0.0            1   \n",
       "109     138                0            0.0            2   \n",
       "24      159                1            0.0            1   \n",
       "113     170                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "68      149                0            0.3            2   \n",
       "144     195                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "224     182                0            1.4            1   \n",
       "252     153                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "6       142                1            0.6            2   \n",
       "120     139                0            2.0            2   \n",
       "67      152                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "119     103                1            1.6            3   \n",
       "118     114                0            2.6            3   \n",
       "25      139                0            0.2            1   \n",
       "125     163                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "244     142                0            1.5            1   \n",
       "19      178                1            1.4            1   \n",
       "77      179                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "216     172                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "90      164                1            0.0            1   \n",
       "208     131                1            1.8            2   \n",
       "93      108                1            0.0            2   \n",
       "180     194                0            0.8            3   \n",
       "15      125                0            1.6            2   \n",
       "152     167                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "232     185                0            0.0            1   \n",
       "250     113                0            1.4            2   \n",
       "\n",
       "     Number of vessels fluro  Thallium  \n",
       "30                         1         7  \n",
       "116                        0         7  \n",
       "79                         0         3  \n",
       "127                        0         3  \n",
       "196                        0         3  \n",
       "137                        1         3  \n",
       "209                        0         3  \n",
       "45                         0         3  \n",
       "158                        0         7  \n",
       "247                        0         3  \n",
       "183                        0         3  \n",
       "268                        0         6  \n",
       "227                        0         7  \n",
       "82                         0         7  \n",
       "165                        0         3  \n",
       "194                        2         3  \n",
       "226                        1         7  \n",
       "146                        1         3  \n",
       "104                        1         7  \n",
       "60                         1         7  \n",
       "221                        1         7  \n",
       "266                        0         7  \n",
       "46                         3         3  \n",
       "42                         0         3  \n",
       "185                        1         3  \n",
       "9                          3         7  \n",
       "22                         0         3  \n",
       "199                        3         3  \n",
       "109                        0         3  \n",
       "24                         1         3  \n",
       "113                        0         3  \n",
       "68                         1         3  \n",
       "144                        1         7  \n",
       "224                        0         3  \n",
       "252                        1         3  \n",
       "6                          1         6  \n",
       "120                        3         7  \n",
       "67                         2         3  \n",
       "119                        0         7  \n",
       "118                        0         3  \n",
       "25                         0         3  \n",
       "125                        1         3  \n",
       "244                        1         3  \n",
       "19                         0         7  \n",
       "77                         0         3  \n",
       "216                        0         3  \n",
       "90                         0         3  \n",
       "208                        0         7  \n",
       "93                         1         3  \n",
       "180                        0         7  \n",
       "15                         0         3  \n",
       "152                        0         3  \n",
       "232                        0         3  \n",
       "250                        1         7  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "X_test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "9a6e4f8b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "30     Presence\n",
       "116    Presence\n",
       "79      Absence\n",
       "127     Absence\n",
       "196     Absence\n",
       "137    Presence\n",
       "209     Absence\n",
       "45      Absence\n",
       "158     Absence\n",
       "247     Absence\n",
       "183     Absence\n",
       "268     Absence\n",
       "227    Presence\n",
       "82     Presence\n",
       "165     Absence\n",
       "194     Absence\n",
       "226    Presence\n",
       "146    Presence\n",
       "104    Presence\n",
       "60      Absence\n",
       "221    Presence\n",
       "266     Absence\n",
       "46     Presence\n",
       "42      Absence\n",
       "185     Absence\n",
       "9      Presence\n",
       "22      Absence\n",
       "199    Presence\n",
       "109     Absence\n",
       "24      Absence\n",
       "113     Absence\n",
       "68      Absence\n",
       "144    Presence\n",
       "224     Absence\n",
       "252    Presence\n",
       "6      Presence\n",
       "120    Presence\n",
       "67     Presence\n",
       "119    Presence\n",
       "118     Absence\n",
       "25      Absence\n",
       "125     Absence\n",
       "244     Absence\n",
       "19      Absence\n",
       "77      Absence\n",
       "216     Absence\n",
       "90      Absence\n",
       "208    Presence\n",
       "93     Presence\n",
       "180     Absence\n",
       "15      Absence\n",
       "152     Absence\n",
       "232     Absence\n",
       "250    Presence\n",
       "Name: Heart Disease, dtype: object"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "y_test"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "500d9f43",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
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