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<article id="post-solidity入门1" class="h-entry article article-type-post" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting">
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<a href="/2025/01/21/solidity%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A81/" class="article-date">
<time class="dt-published" datetime="2025-01-21T12:54:35.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2025-01-21</time>
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<a class="p-name article-title" href="/2025/01/21/solidity%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A81/">solidity入门1</a>
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<h1 id="solidity入门1"><a href="#solidity入门1" class="headerlink" title="solidity入门1"></a>solidity入门1</h1><p>面向对象的，静态类型，支持继承、库和复杂的用户定义类型，以及其他功能。</p>
<p>面向以太坊虚拟机EVM</p>
<h2 id="了解智能合约基础"><a href="#了解智能合约基础" class="headerlink" title="了解智能合约基础"></a>了解智能合约基础</h2><p>存储</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0</span><br><span class="line">pragma solidity >=0.4.16 <0.9.0;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">contract SimpleStorage {</span><br><span class="line"> uint storedData;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> function set(uint x) public {</span><br><span class="line"> storedData = x;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> function get() public view returns (uint) {</span><br><span class="line"> return storedData;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>源代码根据GPL3.0版本授权</p>
<p>此处是版本编译指示，</p>
<p>大于0.4.16小于0.9.0版本</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">pragma solidity ^0.5.2;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>该代码的源文件在0.5.2版本之前的编译器不能编译，在0.6.0版本之后的编译器上也不能编译</p>
<p>这些规则与 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v6/using-npm/semver">npm</a> 使用相同的语法</p>
<p>Solidity意义上的合约是代码（其 <em>函数</em>）和数据（其 <em>状态</em>）的集合， 驻留在以太坊区块链的一个特定地址。</p>
<p><code>uint storedData;</code> 声明了一个名为 <code>storedData</code> 的状态变量， 类型为 <code>uint</code> （ <em>u</em>nsigned <em>int</em>eger，共 <em>256</em> 位）</p>
<p>（type）：unix</p>
<p>（）：该函数不接受任何参数</p>
<p>**<code>public</code>**：这是函数的可见性修饰符，表示该函数可以被任何外部账户或合约调用，也可以被合约内的其他函数调用。</p>
<p>**<code>view</code>**：这个修饰符表明该函数不会修改合约的状态（即不会改变任何状态变量的值），它只会读取存储在区块链上的数据。</p>
<h2 id="solidity源文件结构"><a href="#solidity源文件结构" class="headerlink" title="solidity源文件结构"></a>solidity源文件结构</h2><p>contract ,import,pragma,</p>
<p>using for,struct,enum,function,error,constant</p>
<h3 id="SPDX-许可标识符"><a href="#SPDX-许可标识符" class="headerlink" title="SPDX 许可标识符"></a>SPDX 许可标识符</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果您不想指定一个许可，或者源代码不是开源的， 请使用特殊值 <code>UNLICENSED</code>。请注意， <code>UNLICENSED</code> （不允许使用， 不存在于SPDX许可证列表中）与 <code>UNLICENSE</code> （授予所有人所有权利）不同。</p>
<h3 id="pragma"><a href="#pragma" class="headerlink" title="pragma"></a>pragma</h3><p>：启用某些编译器特性或检查。始终是源文件的本地指令。import另一个文件，该文件的pragma指令不会自动应用于导入文件。</p>
<h3 id="contract"><a href="#contract" class="headerlink" title="contract"></a>contract</h3><p>modifier:函数修饰器</p>
<p>event：方便调用EVM日志功能的接口</p>
<h3 id="导入其他源文件"><a href="#导入其他源文件" class="headerlink" title="导入其他源文件"></a>导入其他源文件</h3><p>Solidity 支持导入语句，以帮助模块化您的代码， 这些语句与 JavaScript 中可用的语句相似(从ES6开始)。 然而，Solidity 并不支持 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/web/javascript/reference/statements/export#description">默认导出</a> 的概念。</p>
<h3 id="诠释"><a href="#诠释" class="headerlink" title="诠释"></a>诠释</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// 这是一个单行注释。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/*</span><br><span class="line">这是一个</span><br><span class="line">多行注释。</span><br><span class="line">*/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>Solidity合约也可以包含NatSpec注释。 它们用三重斜线（ ///）或双星号块（ /** … */）来写， 它们应该直接用在函数声明或语句之上。<br>建议 Solidity 合约使用 NatSpec 对所有公共接口（ABI 中的一切）进行完全注释。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>标签</th>
<th></th>
<th>应用于</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><code>@title</code></td>
<td>一个应该描述合约/接口的标题</td>
<td>contract, library, interface</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@author</code></td>
<td>作者的名字</td>
<td>contract, library, interface</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@notice</code></td>
<td>向终端用户解释这个东西的作用</td>
<td>contract, library, interface, function, public state variable, event</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@dev</code></td>
<td>向开发人员解释任何额外的细节</td>
<td>contract, library, interface, function, state variable, event</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@param</code></td>
<td>就像在Doxygen中一样记录一个参数（必须在参数名之后）</td>
<td>function, event</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@return</code></td>
<td>记录一个合约的函数的返回变量</td>
<td>function, public state variable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@inheritdoc</code></td>
<td>从基本函数中复制所有缺失的标签（必须在合约名称之后）</td>
<td>function, public state variable</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>@custom:...</code></td>
<td>自定义标签，语义由应用程序定义</td>
<td>everywhere</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 id="子货币（Subcurrency）例子"><a href="#子货币（Subcurrency）例子" class="headerlink" title="子货币（Subcurrency）例子"></a>子货币（Subcurrency）例子</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0</span><br><span class="line">pragma solidity ^0.8.4;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">contract Coin {</span><br><span class="line"> // 关键字 "public" 使变量可以从其他合约中访问。</span><br><span class="line"> address public minter;</span><br><span class="line"> mapping(address => uint) public balances;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // 事件允许客户端对您声明的特定合约变化做出反应</span><br><span class="line"> event Sent(address from, address to, uint amount);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // 构造函数代码只有在合约创建时运行</span><br><span class="line"> constructor() {</span><br><span class="line"> minter = msg.sender;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // 向一个地址发送一定数量的新创建的代币</span><br><span class="line"> // 但只能由合约创建者调用</span><br><span class="line"> function mint(address receiver, uint amount) public {</span><br><span class="line"> require(msg.sender == minter);</span><br><span class="line"> balances[receiver] += amount;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // 错误类型变量允许您提供关于操作失败原因的信息。</span><br><span class="line"> // 它们会返回给函数的调用者。</span><br><span class="line"> error InsufficientBalance(uint requested, uint available);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> // 从任何调用者那里发送一定数量的代币到一个地址</span><br><span class="line"> function send(address receiver, uint amount) public {</span><br><span class="line"> if (amount > balances[msg.sender])</span><br><span class="line"> revert InsufficientBalance({</span><br><span class="line"> requested: amount,</span><br><span class="line"> available: balances[msg.sender]</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> balances[msg.sender] -= amount;</span><br><span class="line"> balances[receiver] += amount;</span><br><span class="line"> emit Sent(msg.sender, receiver, amount);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> <code>address</code> 类型是一个160位的值，且不允许任何算数操作。 这种类型适合存储合约地址或 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.soliditylang.org/zh-cn/latest/introduction-to-smart-contracts.html#accounts">外部账户</a> 的密钥对</p>
<h2 id="Solidity-的两种主要存储类型"><a href="#Solidity-的两种主要存储类型" class="headerlink" title="Solidity 的两种主要存储类型"></a>Solidity 的两种主要存储类型</h2><p><strong>内存 (Memory)</strong> 和 **存储 (Storage)**。</p>
<h1 id="class1"><a href="#class1" class="headerlink" title="class1"></a>class1</h1><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir firstcontract</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">cd firstcontract</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">yarn init -y</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">yarn add -D hardhat</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">npx hardhat</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong><code>yarn init -y</code></strong>:<br>这个命令会初始化一个新的Node.js项目，创建一个<code>package.json</code>文件。<code>-y</code>选项意味着自动接受所有默认配置，而不需要用户交互。</p>
<p><strong><code>yarn add -D hardhat</code></strong>:<br>这个命令将Hardhat作为开发依赖（<code>-D</code>等同于<code>--dev</code>）添加到项目中。Hardhat是一个用于智能合约开发、测试和部署的开发框架，通常用于以太坊相关的项目。</p>
<p><strong><code>npx hardhat</code></strong>:<br>这个命令用于运行Hardhat的命令行工具。<code>npx</code>是一个包管理器工具，它会自动找到项目中安装的<code>hardhat</code>并执行。常用于运行Hardhat脚本或启动开发环境。如果你运行<code>npx hardhat</code>，通常会看到Hardhat的帮助信息，或者它会启动一个新的Hardhat项目。</p>
<p>Hardhat：合约审计机构，编译部署合约到任意以太坊网络的框架</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npx hardhat compile</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>内部的版本需要改在内部的那个合约版本之上hardhat.config.js,版本需要一样pragma</p>
<h2 id="项目结构介绍"><a href="#项目结构介绍" class="headerlink" title="项目结构介绍"></a>项目结构介绍</h2><p>contracts:合约，solidity文件编写</p>
<p>scripts:部署的脚本</p>
<p>ignition: module,lock.js:部署合约的官方的脚本，合约失败的时候回滚</p>
<p>test文件夹，生成test脚本</p>
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<a class="p-name article-title" href="/2025/01/06/2024126-solana%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/">solana流动性质押</a>
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<h1 id="Solana-质押-进行流动性质押"><a href="#Solana-质押-进行流动性质押" class="headerlink" title="Solana 质押 - 进行流动性质押"></a>Solana 质押 - 进行流动性质押</h1><p>使用质押账户质押</p>
<p>切换身份</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana config set -k ./user.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana address -k user.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana airdrop 100 <ADDRESS></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用新身份进行质押 质押stake account</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana create-stake-account stake-account.json 100</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana delegate-stake stake-account.json <VOTE_ACCOUNT></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-stake <POOL_ADDRESS> <STAKE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> [ADDRESS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="实操"><a href="#实操" class="headerlink" title="实操"></a>实操</h2><h3 id="创建新的身份，用新的身份进行质押"><a href="#创建新的身份，用新的身份进行质押" class="headerlink" title="创建新的身份，用新的身份进行质押"></a>创建新的身份，用新的身份进行质押</h3><p>创建新的公私钥</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana-keygen new --no-passphrase -s -o user.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana address -k user.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>-s</code> 或 <code>--silent</code>：静默模式，表示不会显示生成的密钥对（私钥）或其他详细信息，只会输出成功或失败信息。</p>
<p><code>-o user.json</code>：指定生成的密钥对文件的输出路径和文件名。在此例中，密钥对将被保存为 <code>user.json</code> 文件。</p>
<p><code>-k user.json</code>：指定包含密钥对的文件。此处 <code>user.json</code> 文件是由前一个命令生成的密钥对文件。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana address -k user.json</span><br><span class="line">FgqRfnCeSFzfm4WtM9hvU1wBJmKFDSM7xQLVoZfYUxQH</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana config set -k ./user.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结果</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Config File: /root/.config/solana/cli/config.yml</span><br><span class="line">RPC URL: http://127.0.0.1:8899</span><br><span class="line">WebSocket URL: ws://127.0.0.1:8900/ (computed)</span><br><span class="line">Keypair Path: ./user.json</span><br><span class="line">Commitment: confirmed</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="创建质押账户"><a href="#创建质押账户" class="headerlink" title="创建质押账户"></a>创建质押账户</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana create-stake-account stake-account.json 100</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Stake account DJEniGyLz8DQCXQUshro9TwqGUWGgQ1PpYgMC9dCoNM9 already exists</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana create-stake-account stake-account.json 100</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Signature: 3w8pqwzsKhz9rTB1av42eK28acXTSFCEjqpx9My8PGByq4auCc8ddTayPnFSNyrNj4aCrgkFueWKCFyxw6JD1fTg</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana address -k stake-account.json </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool list -v 3U1evQ2sVKV4r8msGMV9djPPR63GphC42R8ZLrwQBLan</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>继续</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# netstat -tuln | grep 9900</span><br><span class="line">tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:9900 0.0.0.0:*</span><br><span class="line"> LISTEN</span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# sudo lsof -i :9900</span><br><span class="line">COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME</span><br><span class="line">solana-te 5489 root 16u IPv4 21090 0t0 TCP *:9900 (LISTEN)</span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# sudo kill -9 5489</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">bash setup-test-validator.sh --rpc-port 8899</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="中断后重新做"><a href="#中断后重新做" class="headerlink" title="中断后重新做"></a>中断后重新做</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana stake-account stake-account.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>显示了与你提供的 <strong>staking 账户</strong> 相关的信息。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana validators -u localhost</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>列出本地运行的 Solana 节点中的所有验证节点的信息。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo lsof -i :9900</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">sudo kill -9 <PID></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana-test-validator \</span><br><span class="line"> --clone-upgradeable-program SPoo1Ku8WFXoNDMHPsrGSTSG1Y47rzgn41SLUNakuHy \</span><br><span class="line"> --clone-upgradeable-program metaqbxxUerdq28cj1RbAWkYQm3ybzjb6a8bt518x1s \</span><br><span class="line"> --url mainnet-beta \</span><br><span class="line"> --slots-per-epoch 32 \</span><br><span class="line"> --quiet --reset</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# spl-stake-pool create-pool \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-denominator 100 \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-numerator 2 \</span><br><span class="line"> --max-validators 10 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-numerator 1 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-numerator 3 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --referral-fee 0</span><br><span class="line">Creating reserve stake JC3voDWUtW3S6nrj8tfwkQHrA8puFNrUfEhE1BkLz2hR</span><br><span class="line">Creating mint BdASXCzyzUuuyNPndbyEAM85rS76zQKsfWLSpRyBLeCN</span><br><span class="line">Creating associated token account AegGHE5zHqzGdt6RSPs3kNF7qeBaFgiGe3NoC1v2GhGF to receive stake pool tokens of mint BdASXCzyzUuuyNPndbyEAM85rS76zQKsfWLSpRyBLeCN, owned by FgqRfnCeSFzfm4WtM9hvU1wBJmKFDSM7xQLVoZfYUxQH</span><br><span class="line">Creating pool fee collection account AegGHE5zHqzGdt6RSPs3kNF7qeBaFgiGe3NoC1v2GhGF</span><br><span class="line">Setting up required accounts for stake pool: reserve stake JC3voDWUtW3S6nrj8tfwkQHrA8puFNrUfEhE1BkLz2hR and mint BdASXCzyzUuuyNPndbyEAM85rS76zQKsfWLSpRyBLeCN</span><br><span class="line">Signature: 4Rbedgpdp25vR4XU6fhdHN96DQWwCnJs6nRGuFGWSM1Lm8nwx7vsMkcGBhVSRc9GVrHQFkzVCa4i92e7VVZkb1YA</span><br><span class="line">Creating stake pool B7bvmYLxcH7oBvJ5jafGoX72tvMhvNh7sNagupbbja4K with validator list 9VVY8VKhw54XyVfiPcsiTAiUkjdamDsiqY2DA3eXsQyA</span><br><span class="line">Signature: 4H7UcU39z2MNojPFhA4ozm3JPT67ZRjdv8rQ7ytfwowff6uvuEj1HMv4RxtwQ4PktHmaatQ7K9sjE7vaqDRLEvFh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana create-stake-account stake-account.json 100 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana stake-account stake-account.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana delegate-stake stake-account.json <VOTE_ACCOUNT> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="中断"><a href="#中断" class="headerlink" title="中断"></a>中断</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# spl-stake-pool create-pool \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-denominator 100 \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-numerator 2 \</span><br><span class="line"> --max-validators 10 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-numerator 1 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-numerator 3 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --referral-fee 0</span><br><span class="line">Creating reserve stake 2qPwU5H324GU5ev3xPumZQ6ar65SUzcTke4mKZfjz1Rz</span><br><span class="line">Creating mint G2VpfF5rgDESRQDFhrB4aPR65ajDLgPoX3SBQkQnU2V9</span><br><span class="line">Creating associated token account BniPHuiEQtoTewuPLg7kZ7i44S95vjFSgb4FYzHS2Dnq to receive stake pool tokens of mint G2VpfF5rgDESRQDFhrB4aPR65ajDLgPoX3SBQkQnU2V9, owned by FgqRfnCeSFzfm4WtM9hvU1wBJmKFDSM7xQLVoZfYUxQH</span><br><span class="line">Creating pool fee collection account BniPHuiEQtoTewuPLg7kZ7i44S95vjFSgb4FYzHS2Dnq</span><br><span class="line">Setting up required accounts for stake pool: reserve stake 2qPwU5H324GU5ev3xPumZQ6ar65SUzcTke4mKZfjz1Rz and mint G2VpfF5rgDESRQDFhrB4aPR65ajDLgPoX3SBQkQnU2V9</span><br><span class="line">Signature: 1i8ujLqfyVSCchkcfKPguatHpSJy4bRCEoDTd221f9btcjU9ft6MBf1kRtfNUv2SbJdLo3KXDom7WXsMrSEjyz1</span><br><span class="line">Creating stake pool DZMUF9fwka2fsAQoKryB1sV56ZyWo2qmdReUhj52JnVd with validator list Dr1qzgA1wACEBWYearMh8DhuGpsrTw1zAsMsb9bSmBA5</span><br><span class="line">Signature: 3Kqx6J8X8ce4iVc2JgaPhazPqniaPX4kZKp4pnie8oVGHAkr6p37ikygCMfeB1B4MURnVq4RWRyTEx3LmnaNJkPo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana create-stake-account stake-account.json 100</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Signature: yP8kRxNru7dNhhpTnhkgC1YX5NEFTKh4r47syFRePVt5EA3tW45FtCCjLrAV3TBRY5ZiGq7zQPWTB9umkrs2PQF</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana stake-account stake-account.json</span><br><span class="line">Balance: 100 SOL</span><br><span class="line">Rent Exempt Reserve: 0.00228288 SOL</span><br><span class="line">Stake account is undelegated</span><br><span class="line">Stake Authority: FgqRfnCeSFzfm4WtM9hvU1wBJmKFDSM7xQLVoZfYUxQH</span><br><span class="line">Withdraw Authority: FgqRfnCeSFzfm4WtM9hvU1wBJmKFDSM7xQLVoZfYUxQH</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool list -v DZMUF9fwka2fsAQoKryB1sV56ZyWo2qmdReUhj52JnVd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana validators -u localhost</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>投票账户</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana vote-account Dr1qzgA1wACEBWYearMh8DhuGpsrTw1zAsMsb9bSmBA5</span><br><span class="line">Error: RPC request error: Dr1qzgA1wACEBWYearMh8DhuGpsrTw1zAsMsb9bSmBA5 is not a vote account</span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana validators -u localhost</span><br><span class="line"> Identity Vote Account Commission Last Vote Root Slot Skip Rate Credits Version Active Stake</span><br><span class="line"> DybpMkusrw1eoWtUbbgF9VXtVNPbfspwpqe6VGihiRpt Do7A4xo568x6bFjP9sAUZA7xEMLXoro9oXx99X2G1Nwb 0% 15585 ( 0) 15554 ( 0) 0.00% 0 2.0.21 1007535.805667599 SOL (100.00%)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Average Stake-Weighted Skip Rate: 0.00%</span><br><span class="line">Average Unweighted Skip Rate: 0.00%</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Active Stake: 1007535.805667599 SOL</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Stake By Version:</span><br><span class="line">2.0.21 - 1 current validators (100.00%)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>solana validators -u localhost</code> 输出的信息中包括了每个验证器的 <strong>投票账户</strong>。在这个输出中，<code>Vote Account</code> 列显示了每个验证器的投票账户地址。</p>
<p><strong>Identity</strong>：验证器的身份公钥（<code>DybpMkusrw1eoWtUbbgF9VXtVNPbfspwpqe6VGihiRpt</code>）。</p>
<p><strong>Vote Account</strong>：验证器的投票账户公钥（<code>Do7A4xo568x6bFjP9sAUZA7xEMLXoro9oXx99X2G1Nwb</code>）。</p>
<p><strong>Commission</strong>：验证器的佣金比例（0%）。</p>
<p><strong>Last Vote</strong>：验证器的最后投票的插槽号。</p>
<p><strong>Root Slot</strong>：验证器的根插槽号。</p>
<p><strong>Skip Rate</strong>：跳过的比例，表示验证器错过的块。</p>
<p><strong>Credits</strong>：该验证器的积分。</p>
<p><strong>Version</strong>：验证器的版本（2.0.21）。</p>
<p><strong>Active Stake</strong>：该验证器当前的活跃质押金额（1007535.805667599 SOL）</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool add-validator DZMUF9fwka2fsAQoKryB1sV56ZyWo2qmdReUhj52JnVd </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool list -v </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-stake <POOL_ADDRESS> <STAKE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> [ADDRESS]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>质押大头给的账户是vote账户的stake账户</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool update DZMUF9fwka2fsAQoKryB1sV56ZyWo2qmdReUhj52JnVd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana epoch-info</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool withdraw-stake <POOL_ADDRESS> <AMOUNT></span><br><span class="line"> # --stake-receiver <STAKE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> # 要接收的stake account，不指定的话会创建新的</span><br><span class="line"> # --vote-account <VOTE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> # 默认会从最多余额的validator中提现</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool set-manager [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <POOL_ADDRESS> <--new-manager <KEYPAIR>|--new-fee-receiver <ADDRESS>></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# spl-stake-pool set-manager DZMUF9fwka2fsAQoKryB1sV56ZyWo2qmdReUhj52JnVd --new-fee-receiver 7X35hqh5KEJCKFWpaaSyRKH14UdkvLZJjNC74VdJK5V4</span><br><span class="line">Signature: jUJsdx8C1qy1Xkz8Hu7DYLFB54zdBizzUdE7xFCZjhpogSDqu1ZPx9xzdA553z3HAQdYKFnfL3G6gvCgK8YSNuP</span><br><span class="line">Signature: 5XSHZ414uqjjXZtt28JXfPFXczUiHN4xWZEt6sij6ZRLVik3t8y3q3Y9iWDCLnAstGZhPAAcZp6n421nMHuGCUqn</span><br><span class="line">thread 'main' panicked at /root/.cargo/registry/src/index.crates.io-6f17d22bba15001f/spl-token-6.0.0/src/state.rs:136:19:</span><br><span class="line">range end index 165 out of range for slice of length 0</span><br><span class="line">note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-sol DZMUF9fwka2fsAQoKryB1sV56ZyWo2qmdReUhj52JnVd <amount></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-solana%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20250109233618254.png" alt="image-20250109233618254"></p>
<h2 id="配置改后"><a href="#配置改后" class="headerlink" title="配置改后"></a>配置改后</h2><p>通过质押账户质押</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana airdrop 1.3 Ej8hP4BVoX7pYvJXfmcqn7Pz3KSWmsyRKaR36fA6uYy1<reverse account ></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool add-validator 2K4r9Fv2n62NArPuyxGdNVL7QYwrNsPVWPTthGR4PZXF<pool> ABUR3WFro1gARq7HgBbLMCe3fttNzZZTQBmqdnGB3AyN<vote></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana-keygen new --no-passphrase -s -o user.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana config set -k ./user.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana create-stake-account stake-account.json 90</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana delegate-stake stake-account.json ABUR3WFro1gARq7HgBbLMCe3fttNzZZTQBmqdnGB3AyN</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-stake [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <POOL_ADDRESS> <STAKE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> [ADDRESS]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-stake [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <POOL_ADDRESS> <STAKE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> [ADDRESS]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-stake 2K4r9Fv2n62NArPuyxGdNVL7QYwrNsPVWPTthGR4PZXF EAp1qih1E94fSfeZDLtfQgrLNzg5uLxi7XcMyAvdEhx8</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool list -v 2K4r9Fv2n62NArPuyxGdNVL7QYwrNsPVWPTthGR4PZXF</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana epoch-info</span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool update 2K4r9Fv2n62NArPuyxGdNVL7QYwrNsPVWPTthGR4PZXF</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool withdraw-stake <POOL_ADDRESS> <AMOUNT></span><br><span class="line"> # --stake-receiver <STAKE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> # 要接收的stake account，不指定的话会创建新的</span><br><span class="line"> # --vote-account <VOTE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> # 默认会从最多余额的validator中提现</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>直接往质押池质押</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-sol <YOUR_STAKE_POOL_ADDRESS> <amount></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-sol 2K4r9Fv2n62NArPuyxGdNVL7QYwrNsPVWPTthGR4PZXF 9</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-solana%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20250110005423358.png" alt="image-20250110005423358"></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana config set -k /root/.config/solana/id.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool increase-validator-stake -h</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool increase-validator-stake [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <POOL_ADDRESS> <VOTE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> [AMOUNT]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool decrease-validator-stake [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <POOL_ADDRESS> <VOTE_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS> [AMOUNT]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>命令用于 <strong>增加验证人</strong> 在 <strong>Solana Stake Pool</strong> 中的 <strong>质押金额</strong>。</p>
<p>命令用于 <strong>减少验证人</strong> 在 <strong>Solana Stake Pool</strong> 中的 <strong>质押金额</strong>。</p>
<p>钱进入</p>
<p>Transient Stake Account: 82aX3df3vMzA3ZeGSbc7bnQoMnREuSU1cnCgNSLws7Kg</p>
<p>下一个周期epoch触发</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool update 2K4r9Fv2n62NArPuyxGdNVL7QYwrNsPVWPTthGR4PZXF</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>提现</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana config set -k ./user.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool withdraw-sol</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool withdraw-sol [FLAGS][OPTIONS] <POOL_ADDRESS> <SYSTEM_ACCOUNT_ADDRESS_OR_KEYPAIR> <AMOUNT></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>spl-stake-poool with withdraw-sol直接提现SOL，直接体现的话是从reverse中体现的</p>
<p>spl-stake-poool with withdraw-stake 提现到stake</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool withdraw-sol 2K4r9Fv2n62NArPuyxGdNVL7QYwrNsPVWPTthGR4PZXF ./user.json 18</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-solana%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%A7%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20250110012630625.png" alt="image-20250110012630625"></p>
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<a class="p-name article-title" href="/2024/12/09/2024129-github%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8/">github的使用</a>
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<h2 id="提交github"><a href="#提交github" class="headerlink" title="提交github"></a>提交github</h2><p>如果你已经解决了子模块问题，或者你不需要 <code>cli/</code> 作为子模块，并且已经进行了一些提交，那么你可以按照以下步骤继续推送到 GitHub 仓库。</p>
<p>问题</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">fatal: detected dubious ownership in repository at '//wsl.localhost/Ubuntu-22.04/root/class/cli'</span><br><span class="line">To add an exception for this directory, call:</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>解决：如果信任</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git config --global --add safe.directory '%(prefix)///wsl.localhost/Ubuntu-22.04/root/class/cli'</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rm -rf counter/.git</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add -f cli/ counter/ friend-cli/ friend/ ibuidl_social/ token/</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">git status</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">git pull origin main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="步骤："><a href="#步骤：" class="headerlink" title="步骤："></a>步骤：</h3><ol>
<li><p><strong>确认已初始化 Git 仓库</strong>： 确保你在正确的目录下，并且已经初始化了 Git 仓库。如果还没有初始化，运行：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git init</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>添加远程仓库</strong>： 如果你还没有添加远程仓库，可以运行：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git remote add origin https://github.com/Auo578/solanapractical.git</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>切换并重命名为 <code>main</code> 分支</strong>： 如果你还没有切换到 <code>main</code> 分支或重命名分支，可以运行：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git branch -M main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>添加所有文件到暂存区</strong>： 运行以下命令将所有文件添加到 Git 暂存区：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add .</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>确保你解决了所有子模块问题，或者删除了不必要的 <code>.git</code> 文件夹，确保所有文件都可以被添加。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>提交更改</strong>： 提交你的更改：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git commit -m <span class="string">"Initial commit"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个命令会把所有已添加的文件（包括修复后的 <code>cli/</code> 目录）提交到本地仓库。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>推送到 GitHub 仓库</strong>： 推送你的 <code>main</code> 分支到远程 GitHub 仓库：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git push -u origin main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个命令会将本地的 <code>main</code> 分支推送到远程 GitHub 仓库，并将远程仓库的 <code>origin</code> 设置为上游（<code>-u</code> 参数）。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="总结："><a href="#总结：" class="headerlink" title="总结："></a>总结：</h3><ul>
<li><strong>添加远程仓库</strong>：<code>git remote add origin https://github.com/Auo578/solana-practice.git</code></li>
<li>**切换并重命名分支为 <code>main</code>**：<code>git branch -M main</code></li>
<li><strong>添加并提交文件</strong>：<code>git add .</code> 和 <code>git commit -m "Initial commit"</code></li>
<li><strong>推送到远程仓库</strong>：<code>git push -u origin main</code></li>
</ul>
<p>这些步骤应该能解决问题并将本地的代码推送到远程仓库。如果有任何问题，请继续提问！</p>
<h2 id="删除文件"><a href="#删除文件" class="headerlink" title="删除文件"></a>删除文件</h2><p>在执行 <code>git rm --cached</code> 时，路径应该是文件相对于当前 Git 仓库的路径，而不是绝对路径。如果您在 Git Bash 或 WSL 中，路径应该遵循 Git 仓库中的相对路径，而不是 Windows 系统中的路径。</p>
<p>从您的提示信息 <code>xiang@LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA MINGW64 //wsl.localhost/Ubuntu-22.04/root/class/cli (main)</code> 看，您的当前工作目录是 <code>//wsl.localhost/Ubuntu-22.04/root/class/cli</code>，这是 WSL 下的路径。</p>
<h3 id="1-确认当前路径"><a href="#1-确认当前路径" class="headerlink" title="1. 确认当前路径"></a>1. <strong>确认当前路径</strong></h3><p>您现在位于 <code>cli</code> 目录中，这意味着如果要删除 <code>cli</code> 目录中的文件，您只需要提供相对路径。例如，假设您想删除 <code>cli</code> 目录下的 <code>test.txt</code> 文件，路径应该是相对于 <code>cli</code> 目录的路径。</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">rm</span> --cached test.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果您在 <code>cli</code> 目录下，路径 <code>test.txt</code> 就是该目录下的文件。如果您想删除 <code>cli</code> 目录外的文件，则需要从仓库根目录开始写相对路径。</p>
<h3 id="2-删除-cli-目录中的文件"><a href="#2-删除-cli-目录中的文件" class="headerlink" title="2. 删除 cli 目录中的文件"></a>2. <strong>删除 <code>cli</code> 目录中的文件</strong></h3><p>如果您想删除整个 <code>cli</code> 目录中的所有文件，并且保留它们在本地文件系统中（即仅从 Git 中删除），您可以使用：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">rm</span> --cached -r *</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这将删除 <code>cli</code> 目录下的所有文件（不包括 <code>.git</code> 文件夹）。</p>
<h3 id="3-从父目录删除-cli-目录"><a href="#3-从父目录删除-cli-目录" class="headerlink" title="3. 从父目录删除 cli 目录"></a>3. <strong>从父目录删除 <code>cli</code> 目录</strong></h3><p>如果您要删除整个 <code>cli</code> 目录（以及它的所有内容）并推送到远程仓库，您可以使用相对路径，如下所示：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">rm</span> --cached -r cli</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h3><ul>
<li>如果您在 <code>cli</code> 目录中，使用相对路径 <code>git rm --cached test.txt</code>。</li>
<li>如果您想删除整个 <code>cli</code> 目录，使用 <code>git rm --cached -r cli</code>。</li>
<li>确保使用相对路径而不是绝对路径。</li>
</ul>
<p>要删除 GitHub 上的文件，您可以通过 Git 来删除它们，然后将更改推送到 GitHub。以下是详细步骤：</p>
<h3 id="1-删除本地文件"><a href="#1-删除本地文件" class="headerlink" title="1. 删除本地文件"></a>1. <strong>删除本地文件</strong></h3><p>首先，删除本地仓库中的文件。您可以通过 <code>git rm</code> 命令来删除文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">rm</span> path/to/file</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中，<code>path/to/file</code> 是您要删除的文件的相对路径。如果要删除整个目录及其内容，可以使用 <code>-r</code> 选项：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">rm</span> -r path/to/directory</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果您只是想删除文件，并保留文件在本地系统上的副本，可以使用 <code>--cached</code> 选项：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">rm</span> --cached path/to/file</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-提交删除操作"><a href="#2-提交删除操作" class="headerlink" title="2. 提交删除操作"></a>2. <strong>提交删除操作</strong></h3><p>删除文件后，您需要提交删除操作：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git commit -m <span class="string">"Delete file or directory"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="3-推送更改到-GitHub"><a href="#3-推送更改到-GitHub" class="headerlink" title="3. 推送更改到 GitHub"></a>3. <strong>推送更改到 GitHub</strong></h3><p>然后，您将删除的更改推送到 GitHub：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git push origin main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>main</code> 是您的当前分支名称，如果您使用的是其他分支，请替换为相应的分支名称。</p>
<h3 id="示例：删除文件并推送更改"><a href="#示例：删除文件并推送更改" class="headerlink" title="示例：删除文件并推送更改"></a>示例：删除文件并推送更改</h3><p>假设您想删除 GitHub 上的 <code>test.txt</code> 文件，您可以按以下步骤操作：</p>
<ol>
<li><p><strong>删除文件</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git <span class="built_in">rm</span> test.txt</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>提交删除操作</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git commit -m <span class="string">"Delete test.txt"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>推送到 GitHub</strong>：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git push origin main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="4-通过-GitHub-网站删除文件"><a href="#4-通过-GitHub-网站删除文件" class="headerlink" title="4. 通过 GitHub 网站删除文件"></a>4. <strong>通过 GitHub 网站删除文件</strong></h3><p>如果您不想使用命令行，也可以直接通过 GitHub 网站删除文件：</p>
<ol>
<li>进入您的仓库页面。</li>
<li>找到您要删除的文件。</li>
<li>点击文件名，进入文件详情页面。</li>
<li>点击右上角的铅笔图标（编辑按钮）。</li>
<li>在文件页面底部，选择 “Delete this file”。</li>
<li>在提交信息框中填写相关的说明，然后点击 “Commit changes”。</li>
</ol>
<p>这将直接从 GitHub 网站删除该文件，并提交更改。</p>
<h3 id="总结-1"><a href="#总结-1" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h3><ul>
<li>使用 <code>git rm</code> 删除文件。</li>
<li>提交更改并推送到 GitHub。</li>
<li>也可以通过 GitHub 网站手动删除文件。</li>
</ul>
<p>通过这些步骤，您可以轻松地删除 GitHub 上的文件。</p>
<h2 id="上传某些除文件"><a href="#上传某些除文件" class="headerlink" title="上传某些除文件"></a>上传某些除文件</h2><p>如果你想上传除 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录外的所有文件，以下是可以执行的步骤：</p>
<h3 id="1-使用-gitignore-来忽略-test-ledger-目录"><a href="#1-使用-gitignore-来忽略-test-ledger-目录" class="headerlink" title="1. 使用 .gitignore 来忽略 test-ledger/ 目录"></a>1. <strong>使用 <code>.gitignore</code> 来忽略 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录</strong></h3><p>您可以通过 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件来排除 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录，并确保 Git 跟踪其他目录中的文件。</p>
<h4 id="步骤：-1"><a href="#步骤：-1" class="headerlink" title="步骤："></a>步骤：</h4><ol>
<li><p><strong>创建 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件（如果没有的话）</strong>： 如果仓库中还没有 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，您可以创建一个：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">touch</span> .gitignore</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>在 <code>.gitignore</code> 中排除 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录</strong>： 打开 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，并添加以下内容：</p>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">test-ledger/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这将告诉 Git 忽略 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录及其所有内容。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>添加并提交其他文件</strong>： 然后，您可以将其他文件添加到 Git 并提交它们。由于 <code>test-ledger/</code> 已被 <code>.gitignore</code> 忽略，Git 会跳过该目录：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add .</span><br><span class="line">git commit -m <span class="string">"Add all files except test-ledger"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>推送更改到 GitHub</strong>： 最后，推送您的更改到 GitHub：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git push origin main</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">git push -f origin main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="2-手动添加文件（不使用-gitignore）"><a href="#2-手动添加文件（不使用-gitignore）" class="headerlink" title="2. 手动添加文件（不使用 .gitignore）"></a>2. <strong>手动添加文件（不使用 <code>.gitignore</code>）</strong></h3><p>如果您不想修改 <code>.gitignore</code> 文件，也可以手动选择性地添加文件，而不包括 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录。</p>
<h4 id="步骤：-2"><a href="#步骤：-2" class="headerlink" title="步骤："></a>步骤：</h4><ol>
<li><p><strong>查看未跟踪的文件</strong>： 使用 <code>git status</code> 来查看当前未跟踪的文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git status</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结果显示：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Untracked files:</span><br><span class="line">cli/</span><br><span class="line">counter/</span><br><span class="line">friend-cli/</span><br><span class="line">friend/</span><br><span class="line">ibuidl_social/</span><br><span class="line">test-ledger/</span><br><span class="line">token/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>手动添加文件</strong>： 您可以手动选择性地添加其他目录中的文件（不包括 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录）：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add cli/ counter/ friend-cli/ friend/ ibuidl_social/ token/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这将添加所有其他目录中的文件，但排除了 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>提交并推送到 GitHub</strong>： 提交更改并将其推送到 GitHub：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git commit -m <span class="string">"Add all files except test-ledger"</span></span><br><span class="line">git push origin main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="总结：-1"><a href="#总结：-1" class="headerlink" title="总结："></a>总结：</h3><ul>
<li>**使用 <code>.gitignore</code>**：推荐使用 <code>.gitignore</code> 来忽略 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录。</li>
<li><strong>手动添加文件</strong>：如果不想使用 <code>.gitignore</code>，可以手动选择性地添加文件。</li>
</ul>
<p>使用 <code>.gitignore</code> 更加方便，因为它可以帮助您在未来避免重复添加 <code>test-ledger/</code> 目录。如果有其他问题，随时告诉我！</p>
<h2 id="拉取远程仓库的更改"><a href="#拉取远程仓库的更改" class="headerlink" title="拉取远程仓库的更改"></a>拉取远程仓库的更改</h2><p>这个错误信息表明，远程仓库 <code>main</code> 分支包含了一些您本地没有的更改。为了解决这个问题，您需要先从远程仓库拉取最新的更改，再进行推送。</p>
<h3 id="解决步骤："><a href="#解决步骤：" class="headerlink" title="解决步骤："></a>解决步骤：</h3><ol>
<li><p><strong>拉取远程仓库的更改</strong>： 使用 <code>git pull</code> 拉取远程仓库的最新更改到本地，合并这些更改。假设您要拉取远程 <code>main</code> 分支：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git pull origin main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这会将远程仓库的 <code>main</code> 分支上的更改合并到您本地的 <code>main</code> 分支中。如果有冲突，您需要解决这些冲突。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>解决冲突（如果有的话）</strong>： 如果拉取过程中出现冲突，Git 会提示您哪个文件有冲突。您需要手动解决冲突，然后执行以下命令标记冲突已解决：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git add <resolved-file></span><br><span class="line">git commit</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p><strong>再次推送更改</strong>： 一旦您成功拉取并解决了任何冲突，您就可以将本地更改推送到远程仓库：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git push origin main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ol>
<h3 id="其他情况"><a href="#其他情况" class="headerlink" title="其他情况"></a>其他情况</h3><ul>
<li><p>如果您希望强制推送</p>
<p>（小心使用）：如果您确定本地更改是正确的，并且您希望覆盖远程仓库的更改，可以使用 </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">--force</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 强制推送，但这可能会导致丢失远程仓库的更改：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git push --force origin main</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>强制推送之前，请确保您了解可能的风险。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="总结-2"><a href="#总结-2" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h3><ol>
<li>先执行 <code>git pull origin main</code> 拉取远程更改。</li>
<li>解决任何冲突并提交解决后的文件。</li>
<li>最后推送更改。</li>
</ol>
<p>如果您遇到任何问题，随时告诉我！</p>
<p>如果您已经执行了 <code>git add</code> 来添加文件，但还没有提交（<code>git commit</code>），并且现在想要从暂存区移除文件，可以使用 <code>git reset</code> 命令。</p>
<h3 id="从暂存区移除已添加的文件"><a href="#从暂存区移除已添加的文件" class="headerlink" title="从暂存区移除已添加的文件"></a>从暂存区移除已添加的文件</h3><ol>
<li><p><strong>移除指定文件：</strong></p>
<p>如果您只想移除某个特定的文件或目录，可以使用：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git reset <file></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>例如，要移除 <code>cli/</code> 文件夹，可以运行：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git reset cli/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这会将 <code>cli/</code> 从暂存区移除，但保留文件在工作区。</p>
</li>
<li><p><strong>移除所有已添加的文件：</strong></p>
<p>如果您想要移除所有已添加到暂存区的文件，可以使用：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git reset</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这会将所有文件从暂存区移除，但不会删除文件本身。文件仍然保留在您的工作目录中，只是不会被 Git 跟踪提交。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="检查当前状态"><a href="#检查当前状态" class="headerlink" title="检查当前状态"></a>检查当前状态</h3><p>在移除文件后，您可以通过 <code>git status</code> 来查看当前的状态，确认文件已经从暂存区移除：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git status</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这时，文件应该会显示为 <strong>untracked</strong>（未跟踪的），而不是 <strong>staged</strong>（已暂存的）。</p>
<h3 id="总结-3"><a href="#总结-3" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h3><ul>
<li>使用 <code>git reset <file></code> 移除特定文件。</li>
<li>使用 <code>git reset</code> 移除所有文件。</li>
<li>使用 <code>git status</code> 检查文件是否成功移除。</li>
</ul>
<p>这样，您就可以将已经添加到暂存区的文件撤回，而不会影响您的工作目录。</p>
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<article id="post-2024126-social质押" class="h-entry article article-type-post" itemprop="blogPost" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BlogPosting">
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<a href="/2024/12/06/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/" class="article-date">
<time class="dt-published" datetime="2024-12-06T03:50:35.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2024-12-06</time>
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<a class="p-name article-title" href="/2024/12/06/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/">solana质押</a>
</h1>
</header>
<div class="e-content article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<h1 id="质押"><a href="#质押" class="headerlink" title="质押"></a>质押</h1><p>将sol或者其他token进行锁定，并赚取收益。</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://solanabeach.io/">https://solanabeach.io/</a></p>
<p>用户：赚取收益、参与共识网络</p>
<p>平台：POS网络中validator负责交易确认和区块制作，其权重由质押决定。二为通过控制质押收益控制token流动性，从而控制价值。</p>
<p>需要超过60%的权重</p>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241216093751001.png" alt="image-20241216093751001"></p>
<p>网络级别的质押：solana官方开发的合约，原生合约（已经部署到solana的网络中），流动性质押。</p>
<p>应用级别的质押（用流动性质押的方式）</p>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241216093952513.png" alt="image-20241216093952513"></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://solana.com/zh/docs/economics/staking">https://solana.com/zh/docs/economics/staking</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.anza.xyz/">https://docs.anza.xyz/</a></p>
<p>POH：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.blockchain-council.org/blockchain/what-is-proof-of-history-and-how-does-it-work/">https://www.blockchain-council.org/blockchain/what-is-proof-of-history-and-how-does-it-work/</a></p>
<p>论文：</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/Blockchain_lemon/article/details/90631623">https://blog.csdn.net/Blockchain_lemon/article/details/90631623</a></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/u013288190/article/details/139650979">https://blog.csdn.net/u013288190/article/details/139650979</a></p>
<p>角色：</p>
<p>user wallet：通过质押账户进行质押</p>
<p>validator：validator通过vote account接收质押</p>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241216133146240.png" alt="image-20241216133146240"></p>
<h2 id="质押方式"><a href="#质押方式" class="headerlink" title="质押方式"></a>质押方式</h2><p>1.钱包质押，phantom</p>
<p>2.native staking</p>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241216142629612.png" alt="image-20241216142629612"></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://docs.anza.xyz/cli/examples/delegate-stake">https://docs.anza.xyz/cli/examples/delegate-stake</a></p>
<h2 id="实现native-staking"><a href="#实现native-staking" class="headerlink" title="实现native staking"></a>实现native staking</h2><p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241217091652949.png" alt="image-20241217091652949"></p>
<p>创建质押账户</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana-test-validator</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">课程</span><br><span class="line">solana-keygen new --no-passphrase -s -o stake-account</span><br><span class="line">.json</span><br><span class="line">网站</span><br><span class="line">solana-keygen new --no-passphrase -o stake-account.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>solana-keygen new</code>：生成一个新的 Solana 密钥对。</p>
<p><code>--no-passphrase</code>：表示不设置密码保护，密钥将以明文形式存储在文件中。</p>
<p><code>-s</code>：指定使用 <strong><code>ed25519</code> seed phrase</strong>（种子短语）来生成密钥对。</p>
<p><code>-o stake-account.json</code>：指定将生成的密钥对存储在 <code>stake-account.json</code> 文件中。</p>
<p>用以下命令查看生成的密钥文件内容：cat stake-account.json</p>
<p>公钥和私钥的一个数组</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# cat stake-account.json</span><br><span class="line">[222,89,142,121,165,189,42,239,54,253,123,69,30,195,249,77,191,164,137,4,54,224,49,76,188,98,169,179,212,255,165,88,195,171,81,23,197,150,61,191,92,0,119,130,245,133,84,162,135,195,208,134,175,174,81,27,165,175,253,109,214,254,252,197]# </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查看公钥</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana address -k stake-account.json</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana address -k stake-account.json</span><br><span class="line">EAp1qih1E94fSfeZDLtfQgrLNzg5uLxi7XcMyAvdEhx8</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>-k</code> 选项表示指定密钥文件的路径。</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana create-stake-account stake-account.json 100 --url localhost</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Signature: 5QwvDK41BU3ogm53Kfz1d5pPQf3x79sp9U2EnK7EoroNccNspZwjBCKfTDQEYAQqdYUpAjPeuM7PFuMWBNH1DpwP</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana validators -u localhost</span><br><span class="line"> Identity Vote Account Commission Last Vote Root Slot Skip Rate Credits Version Active Stake</span><br><span class="line"> HBU7uEtHykBaqmEk5sPHuZbUsBLC1r4LrAs3RkL5fkDV Hqe5qMfUtnc93FJk4QLUqG1ec2AuSNu2uH7R6hhi6ArD 0% 98226 ( 0) 98195 ( 0) 0.00% 1571069 2.1.4 999999.997717120 SOL (100.00%)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Average Stake-Weighted Skip Rate: 0.00%</span><br><span class="line">Average Unweighted Skip Rate: 0.00%</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Active Stake: 999999.99771712 SOL</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Stake By Version:</span><br><span class="line">2.1.4 - 1 current validators (100.00%)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana delegate-stake stake-account.json Hqe5qMfUtnc93FJk4QLUqG1ec2AuSNu2uH7R6hhi6ArD -u loca</span><br><span class="line">lhost</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Signature: 3JFdFVCFdzavdQrL415MzU7NJUNRLTQK3PCyxkRkx3AbhruJrwDZHA9VJDEwCc9q41sR6mwWndHz3Y4FYuzYZZsY</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana stake-account stake-account.json</span><br><span class="line">Balance: 200 SOL</span><br><span class="line">Rent Exempt Reserve: 0.00228288 SOL</span><br><span class="line">Delegated Stake: 199.99771712 SOL</span><br><span class="line">Active Stake: 0 SOL</span><br><span class="line">Activating Stake: 199.99771712 SOL</span><br><span class="line">Stake activates starting from epoch: 0</span><br><span class="line">Delegated Vote Account Address: Hqe5qMfUtnc93FJk4QLUqG1ec2AuSNu2uH7R6hhi6ArD</span><br><span class="line">Stake Authority: DJEniGyLz8DQCXQUshro9TwqGUWGgQ1PpYgMC9dCoNM9</span><br><span class="line">Withdraw Authority: DJEniGyLz8DQCXQUshro9TwqGUWGgQ1PpYgMC9dCoNM9</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana deactivate-stake stake-account.json -u localhost</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Signature: 62Ntvt9TGutHLznuXj2Ftjn7rVhuQbTpxev8nit7icLk1D8prQj6sTxQzVuXtXP6jCAEEnDLWRtmfCQ7uFzrPvqK</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana balance</span><br><span class="line">499999897.884810805 SOL</span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana withdraw-stake stake-account.json DJEniGyLz8DQCXQUshro9TwqGUWGgQ1PpYgMC9dCoNM9 200 -u localhost</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Signature: 5XJpJ7K6awpuLrd1fxd5dx4WWa7dsRedmks4EdkZvucV6VYxHNNrMrAwE7RSfu2HK6mfWKNYv25EwxogbtLS6WcK</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana balance</span><br><span class="line">500000097.884805799 SOL</span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# solana address</span><br><span class="line">DJEniGyLz8DQCXQUshro9TwqGUWGgQ1PpYgMC9dCoNM9</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="如何实现native-staking"><a href="#如何实现native-staking" class="headerlink" title="如何实现native staking"></a>如何实现native staking</h2><p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241221111125162.png" alt="image-20241221111125162"></p>
<h1 id="流动性质押介绍-质押池的创建"><a href="#流动性质押介绍-质押池的创建" class="headerlink" title="流动性质押介绍&质押池的创建"></a>流动性质押介绍&质押池的创建</h1><p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241221120311748.png" alt="image-20241221120311748"></p>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241221120751914.png" alt="image-20241221120751914"></p>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241221123633522.png" alt="image-20241221123633522"></p>
<h3 id="管理员可以设置的费用类型："><a href="#管理员可以设置的费用类型：" class="headerlink" title="管理员可以设置的费用类型："></a>管理员可以设置的费用类型：</h3><p>sol deposit -> sol withdrawal</p>
<p>质押池直接质押sol，不经过质押账户</p>
<p>stake deposit</p>
<p>通过质押账户的费率 -> stake withdrawal</p>
<p>epoch</p>
<p>每个周期的费用（可以理解为管理费）</p>
<p>referral（介绍费）</p>
<p>拉人头返现</p>
<h2 id="创建质押池"><a href="#创建质押池" class="headerlink" title="创建质押池"></a>创建质押池</h2><p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241221124314022.png" alt="image-20241221124314022"></p>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20241221124330066.png" alt="image-20241221124330066"></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool create-pool -h</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool create-pool \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-denominator 100 \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-numerator 2 \</span><br><span class="line"> --max-validators 10 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-numerator 1 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-numerator 3 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --referral-fee 0</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool list -v 《stake pool address》</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# spl-stake-pool create-pool \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-denominator 100 \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-numerator 2 \</span><br><span class="line"> --max-validators 10 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-numerator 1 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-numerator 3 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --referral-fee 0</span><br><span class="line">Creating reserve stake UYNZbheLhARogFCddPhonmkpfA6cHqSYCWnqMxQQ8U5</span><br><span class="line">Creating mint 8m7MQ2NM5r7GqLKKwLjnXbQWJaWPEY5mSQgYFjGrFpL9</span><br><span class="line">Creating associated token account HpEvgWHHP9TkTXCMMoTiCif4gnFnQZRYDo592DZXdrDf to receive stake pool tokens of mint 8m7MQ2NM5r7GqLKKwLjnXbQWJaWPEY5mSQgYFjGrFpL9, owned by DJEniGyLz8DQCXQUshro9TwqGUWGgQ1PpYgMC9dCoNM9</span><br><span class="line">Creating pool fee collection account HpEvgWHHP9TkTXCMMoTiCif4gnFnQZRYDo592DZXdrDf</span><br><span class="line">Setting up required accounts for stake pool: reserve stake UYNZbheLhARogFCddPhonmkpfA6cHqSYCWnqMxQQ8U5 and mint 8m7MQ2NM5r7GqLKKwLjnXbQWJaWPEY5mSQgYFjGrFpL9</span><br><span class="line">Signature: 5jtB33WXDmBsrja4QZHQJpNjvyreFtEGRKbgWFpoEWym4YaxrTrtU8WUSkaWE4Xogx6XmZVcTAkmmMWR9KF4Gi7f</span><br><span class="line">Creating stake pool 9rp9LaHqozHDsjCWTzLNkARaz3qUGzQM4QWcRTiuBP3J with validator list 4mLChLpwZsVXq6TnHaghTV5k9dQxxKiXqRDncxi4N7vo</span><br><span class="line">RPC response error -32002: Transaction simulation failed: Attempt to load a program that does not exist;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# spl-stake-pool create-pool \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-denominator 100 \</span><br><span class="line"> --epoch-fee-numerator 2 \</span><br><span class="line"> --max-validators 10 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --withdrawal-fee-numerator 1 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-numerator 3 \</span><br><span class="line"> --deposit-fee-denominator 1000 \</span><br><span class="line"> --referral-fee 0</span><br><span class="line">Creating reserve stake 88pq61ETqVXC5E9uaN3tXS2NWFAs7ba2BZuh2spHUMn2</span><br><span class="line">Creating mint GeJY4EHmAyEzPx4GGMZ9wMeFuguDKW6WdLf41fHsRWck</span><br><span class="line">Creating associated token account 4Df2W4DYcHEdz6h4tWTtopDgryoeezPHooocSTx3o26T to receive stake pool tokens of mint GeJY4EHmAyEzPx4GGMZ9wMeFuguDKW6WdLf41fHsRWck, owned by DJEniGyLz8DQCXQUshro9TwqGUWGgQ1PpYgMC9dCoNM9</span><br><span class="line">Creating pool fee collection account 4Df2W4DYcHEdz6h4tWTtopDgryoeezPHooocSTx3o26T</span><br><span class="line">Setting up required accounts for stake pool: reserve stake 88pq61ETqVXC5E9uaN3tXS2NWFAs7ba2BZuh2spHUMn2 and mint GeJY4EHmAyEzPx4GGMZ9wMeFuguDKW6WdLf41fHsRWck</span><br><span class="line">Signature: 3P7Pc5rKTwTWPZnCsqbnSJ4C38UzjcJ985awn4Br33M2kP9MdUCgEhrHJjHvbFxAHMTm4HKnpPKdTXRimcpkgb72</span><br><span class="line">Creating stake pool 3tMgCvn77uZf66XT3vEGzDYXasu9V9SUUtEtpqLvgFKH with validator list 5bqbCjCqdiCgu1Jxed3DKGMgySqdcahbe1aW9QWNuo4h</span><br><span class="line">RPC response error -32002: Transaction simulation failed: Attempt to load a program that does not exist;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="已解决（1）"><a href="#已解决（1）" class="headerlink" title="已解决（1）"></a>已解决（1）</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Creating stake pool F8tSahYWyTzk5Mp7yerthEkjoPwfvMQg7uBVfUV9hH4i</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool list -v F8tSahYWyTzk5Mp7yerthEkjoPwfvMQg7uBVfUV9hH4i</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到设计的哪些账户</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool set-manager [flass] [options] <></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool set-fee [flass] [options] <></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool set-stake [flass] [options] <></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="E:/hexo/blog/source/imgs/2024126-social%E8%B4%A8%E6%8A%BC/image-20250102134246063.png" alt="image-20250102134246063"></p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool -h</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">添加validator</span><br><span class="line">solana validators -u localhost</span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool add-validator <your_stake_pool_address> <vote_account_address></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool list -v <your_stake_pool_address></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-sol F8tSahYWyTzk5Mp7yerthEkjoPwfvMQg7uBVfUV9hH4i 1.002282880</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">spl-stake-pool deposit-sol F8tSahYWyTzk5Mp7yerthEkjoPwfvMQg7uBVfUV9hH4i 1.1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool add-validator F8tSahYWyTzk5Mp7yerthEkjoPwfvMQg7uBVfUV9hH4i 36HHDkHQQKd9SbJCEfKrntMe69rAhdxV8Hm26r4TwxGU</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">spl-stake-pool list -v F8tSahYWyTzk5Mp7yerthEkjoPwfvMQg7uBVfUV9hH4i </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="问题："><a href="#问题：" class="headerlink" title="问题："></a>问题：</h1><h2 id="交易一直不完成"><a href="#交易一直不完成" class="headerlink" title="交易一直不完成"></a>交易一直不完成</h2><p> ⠤ [0/1] Finalizing transaction 3DV4XGaWPQA5Bj2KtoLF28ivwchkD3i4Z8xk5yxYArdRdja7WWXkfTn7MhHjN6LGFEZsAy7KJRk7Kpd4to4dgyE2</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">我所需要做的就是通过运行以下命令重新启动本地验证器</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana-test-validator -r</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="账户的概念和用法"><a href="#账户的概念和用法" class="headerlink" title="账户的概念和用法"></a>账户的概念和用法</h1><p>合约框架：anchor</p>
<h3 id="创建anchor项目"><a href="#创建anchor项目" class="headerlink" title="创建anchor项目"></a>创建anchor项目</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">anchor init <new-workspace-name> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li><p>app:默认为空，用来放前端代码</p>
</li>
<li><p>programs:合约代码。默认会有一个项目同名文件夹，里面有一个lib.rs文件</p>
</li>
<li><p>tests:测试目录。默认包含一个当前项目名的测试</p>
</li>
<li><p>migrations:合约的部署，迁移脚本</p>
</li>
<li><p><code>Anchor.toml</code>:项目的配置文件</p>
<p>本地的合约地址([<code>programs.localnet]</code>)</p>
<p>合约仓库([registry])</p>
<p>solana网络（[provider]）</p>
<p>脚本([script])。脚本可以使用<code>anchor run <script_name></code>运行，默认是<code>test</code>脚本</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="实际运行"><a href="#实际运行" class="headerlink" title="实际运行"></a>实际运行</h2><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//创建项目</span><br><span class="line">anchor init counter</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">删除文件</span><br><span class="line">rm </span><br><span class="line">删除文件夹及其内容</span><br><span class="line">rm -r</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mocha > glob@7.2.0: Glob versions prior to v9 are no longer supported</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# npm show mocha version</span><br><span class="line">11.0.1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="anchor文件内介绍"><a href="#anchor文件内介绍" class="headerlink" title="anchor文件内介绍"></a>anchor文件内介绍</h3><p>app：存放前端代码</p>
<p>migrations：合约部署和迁移</p>
<p>node_modules:前端使用的和一些脚手架使用的第三方的包</p>
<p>programs：（可存放多个项目）</p>
<p> 项目名：合约存放地</p>
<p>target：编译和debug的目标文件，idl文件</p>
<p>test：测试脚本</p>
<p>anchor.toml:</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//合约的本地地址</span><br><span class="line">[programs.localnet]</span><br><span class="line">counter = "1BFbuvVvb4kPkNHpeo1f1eS2gTfQsiJaiiDyfYZGqR4"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//合约仓库</span><br><span class="line">[registry]</span><br><span class="line">url = "https://api.apr.dev"</span><br><span class="line">//当前部署的合约网络是本地的网络</span><br><span class="line">[provider]</span><br><span class="line">cluster = "Localnet"</span><br><span class="line">wallet = "~/.config/solana/id.json"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//脚本</span><br><span class="line">[scripts]</span><br><span class="line">test = "yarn run ts-mocha -p ./tsconfig.json -t 1000000 tests/**/*.ts"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其他的就是rust中的包管理，使用了workspace的方式</p>
<p>再写一遍加固记忆</p>
<h4 id="programs内项目介绍"><a href="#programs内项目介绍" class="headerlink" title="programs内项目介绍"></a>programs内项目介绍</h4><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana config get</span><br><span class="line">solana config set --url localhost</span><br><span class="line">solana-keygen new</span><br><span class="line">//设置为本地钱包</span><br><span class="line">solana config set -k ~/.config/solana/id.json</span><br><span class="line">cat /root/.config/solana/id.json</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">solana balance</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//声明了合约地址</span><br><span class="line">declare_id!("1BFbuvVvb4kPkNHpeo1f1eS2gTfQsiJaiiDyfYZGqR4");</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[programs.localnet]</span><br><span class="line">counter = "1BFbuvVvb4kPkNHpeo1f1eS2gTfQsiJaiiDyfYZGqR4"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">//programs/counter/src</span><br><span class="line">第一步声明了合约的地址</span><br><span class="line">第二部分就是合约的逻辑，用program宏声明的部分</span><br><span class="line">这个宏下面声明的每个public都是一个合约的指令</span><br><span class="line">#[program]</span><br><span class="line">pub mod counter {</span><br><span class="line"> use super::*;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> pub fn initialize(ctx: Context<Initialize>) -> Result<()> {</span><br><span class="line"> msg!("Greetings from: {:?}", ctx.program_id);</span><br><span class="line"> Ok(())</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">//账户的定义，使用派生的方式把结构体实现成一个solana要求的账户的结构</span><br><span class="line">#[derive(Accounts)]</span><br><span class="line">pub struct Initialize {}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="账户的概念"><a href="#账户的概念" class="headerlink" title="账户的概念"></a>账户的概念</h4><p>在solana网络中，一切的数据都可以被称为账户</p>
<p><img src="C:/Users/xiang/AppData/Roaming/Typora/typora-user-images/image-20241205111840739.png" alt="image-20241205111840739"></p>
<h4 id="编译"><a href="#编译" class="headerlink" title="编译"></a>编译</h4><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">anchor build</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>target/idl:描述了合约的指令，可以利用idl来进行app端的编写</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">anchor deploy</span><br><span class="line">anchor run test</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">LAPTOP-6M4RE4LA# anchor deploy</span><br><span class="line">Deploying cluster: http://127.0.0.1:8899</span><br><span class="line">Upgrade authority: /root/.config/solana/id.json</span><br><span class="line">Deploying program "counter"...</span><br><span class="line">Program path: /root/class/counter/target/deploy/counter.so...</span><br><span class="line">//在anchor.toml地址一样</span><br><span class="line">Program Id: 1BFbuvVvb4kPkNHpeo1f1eS2gTfQsiJaiiDyfYZGqR4</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Signature: 2buCQ31i8A1nnx9mVxGJGWHdQeTwtPKwv65nHrMSPZin4EzsE8DvcQUcCQsMR7bTpTYd9Uobs7zDLREXzAadwLrj</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="关于出现account-data-too-small"><a href="#关于出现account-data-too-small" class="headerlink" title="关于出现account data too small"></a>关于出现account data too small</h4><p>自定义合约数据太小，塞不下</p>
<p>solana每次部署会按照2倍的容量预留，程序扩大所以空间不够了</p>
<p>可以使用</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">solana program extend 1BFbuvVvb4kPkNHpeo1f1eS2gTfQsiJaiiDyfYZGqR4 1000</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">anchor.toml</span><br><span class="line">//programid</span><br><span class="line">[programs.localnet]</span><br><span class="line">counter = "1BFbuvVvb4kPkNHpeo1f1eS2gTfQsiJaiiDyfYZGqR4"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">1000是扩容的字节数</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到idl多了increment的指令</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ctx.accounts.counter.count = ctx.accounts.counter.count.checked_add(1).unwrap();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">check_add不是在原有的基础上加一，而是产生一个返回值</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="编译并部署"><a href="#编译并部署" class="headerlink" title="编译并部署"></a>编译并部署</h4><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">anchor build && anchor deploy</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{ count: <BN: 1> }而不是之前的{ count: <BN: 0> }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其部署代码为</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">it("Reader counter",async() => {</span><br><span class="line"> const counterKeypair = new anchor.web3.PublicKey("9rNwH3menMJp3wHsXpJYPHvRiq6z3amzz2TVDPh9ipy8")</span><br><span class="line"> const currentCount = await program.account.counter.fetch(counterKeypair);</span><br><span class="line"> console.log(currentCount)</span><br><span class="line">})</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>再运行可以看到，不断的加1</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">{ count: <BN: 2> }</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="回顾"><a href="#回顾" class="headerlink" title="回顾"></a>回顾</h4><p>需要地址</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">declare_id!("1BFbuvVvb4kPkNHpeo1f1eS2gTfQsiJaiiDyfYZGqR4");</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在#[program]每个pub fn都是一个指令，但是每个指令的第一个参数都是我们需要的账户的集合，在struct写需要哪些账户，指定counter账户里的数据格式，像这样</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#[account]</span><br><span class="line">pub struct Counter{</span><br><span class="line"> count:u64,</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>利用anchor提供的一些属性宏，就不用在app侧进行初始化，anchor框架可以初始化。至少这三个搭配在一起，anchor会帮助初始化</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">#[account(</span><br><span class="line"> init,</span><br><span class="line"> payer = payer,</span><br><span class="line"> space = 8 + 8,</span><br><span class="line">)]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>想要赋值时就和正常代码的赋值一样，把正常的值进行修改就可以</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ctx.accounts.counter.count = ctx.accounts.counter.count.checked_add(1).unwrap();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="pda的概念和用法"><a href="#pda的概念和用法" class="headerlink" title="pda的概念和用法"></a>pda的概念和用法</h1><p>pda：派生账户</p>
<p>pda的使用场景</p>
<p>方法1：hashmap</p>
<p>问题在于，当用户比较多时，账户有10M大小的限制，和web2不一样的是app是可以直接读账户，而不需要通过合约。而当app拉取account，Dapp当查询某一个人的计时器需要拉取全部数据</p>
<p>方法2：独立账户</p>
<p>给不同的wallet生成不同的counter账户</p>
<p>对于a和b比较麻烦，因为需要记住各自的地址。像网站的密码和用户名</p>
<p>方法3：PDA</p>
<p>优点：</p>
<ul>
<li>不需要记住钱包和账户的映射关系</li>
<li>每个账户独立且不会冲突</li>
</ul>
<p>还是不同的wallet生成不同的counter账户，但地址可能就是</p>
<p>wallet A pubkeys + program pubkey</p>
<p>wallet B pubkeys + program pubkey</p>
<p>账户的地址也必须是合法的32位的</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">findProgramAddressSync函数去生成[PDA,bump]</span><br><span class="line">两个部分seed[Buffer.from(string)]</span><br><span class="line">programid</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在lib里加seed和bump指定账户为PDA账户</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#[account(</span><br><span class="line"> init,</span><br><span class="line"> payer = payer,</span><br><span class="line"> space = 8 + 8,</span><br><span class="line"> seeds = [payer.key().as_ref()],</span><br><span class="line"> bump </span><br><span class="line">)]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>bump可以指定，但是不指定使用的就是匹配上的第一个</p>
<p>第一次运行pda，</p>
<p>第一次运行成功，第二次报错。</p>
<p>因为PDA派生的规则没有变，所以counterkeypair一直是一个地址。所以不能重复地初始化了</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const [counterKeypair,bump] = anchor.web3.PublicKey.findProgramAddressSync(</span><br><span class="line"> [wallet.publicKey.toBytes()],</span><br><span class="line"> program.programId,</span><br><span class="line">);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="CPI"><a href="#CPI" class="headerlink" title="CPI"></a>CPI</h4>
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<h1 id="社交项目"><a href="#社交项目" class="headerlink" title="社交项目"></a>社交项目</h1><p>功能实现：关注、取消关注、查询关注列表、发帖、查询发帖</p>
<p>创建项目</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cargo new friend --lib</span><br><span class="line">cargo new friend-cli</span><br><span class="line">//服务端，写智能合约</span><br><span class="line">code ./friend</span><br><span class="line">//客户端具体方案合约</span><br><span class="line">code ./friend-cli</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="friend"><a href="#friend" class="headerlink" title="friend"></a>friend</h2><p>创建好文件目录结构，5个</p>
<p>引入toml</p>
<p>处理的时候写在processor里</p>
<h5 id="Pubkey-find-program-address"><a href="#Pubkey-find-program-address" class="headerlink" title="Pubkey::find_program_address"></a>Pubkey::find_program_address</h5><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">let (pda,bump_seed) = Pubkey::find_program_address(&[user_account.key.as_ref(),seed.as_bytes()], program_id);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>pda：Pubkey，生成的程序派生地址</p>
<p><strong>PDA 地址</strong> 是由程序（智能合约）通过给定的种子（<code>seed</code>）和程序公钥（<code>program_id</code>）派生出来的地址。该地址没有私钥，通常用于存储与程序逻辑相关的数据。</p>
<p>bump_seed：u8，它是用来“调整” PDA 地址的值，防止地址冲突。</p>
<p>使用一个“bump”值进行调整种子，以确保每次计算的地址是唯一的。</p>
<p>Pubkey::find_program_address：计算程序派生地址（PDA）。由给定程序和种子唯一生成的。</p>
<p><strong><code>seed</code></strong>: 这是一个字节数组切片，通常是用来唯一标识与程序相关联的某个数据。</p>
<p><strong><code>program_id</code></strong>: 这是调用此方法的 Solana 程序的公钥，表示计算出的地址与哪个程序相关联。</p>
<h5 id="账户大小"><a href="#账户大小" class="headerlink" title="账户大小"></a>账户大小</h5><p>每个账户存储的量是有大小，存储上限：定义MAX_FOLLOWER_COUNT</p>
<h2 id="friend-cli"><a href="#friend-cli" class="headerlink" title="friend-cli"></a>friend-cli</h2>
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<h2 id="SPLtoken合约创建"><a href="#SPLtoken合约创建" class="headerlink" title="SPLtoken合约创建"></a>SPLtoken合约创建</h2><p>1.创建mint账号（指令）</p>
<p>2.创建ATA后mint代币</p>
<h5 id="solana项目结构核心文件："><a href="#solana项目结构核心文件：" class="headerlink" title="solana项目结构核心文件："></a>solana项目结构核心文件：</h5><p>processor.rs:核心业务逻辑，处理指令</p>
<p>state.rs:定义账户的状态和扩展字段，包括像一些数据存储的数据结构（可以理解为mod）</p>
<p>instruction.rs:定义各种代币操作的指令</p>
<p>error.rs:定义了程序可能抛出的错误</p>
<p>lib.rs：程序入口点，汇总各个模块</p>