pa1_string

//////////////////////////////////
//COMP451 ASSIGNMENT 1 FALL 2021
//PA1_STRING HEADER FILE
/////////////////////////////////
#ifndef	_STDLIB_H

#define __GLIBC_INTERNAL_STARTING_HEADER_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <bits/libc-header-start.h>

/* Get size_t, wchar_t and NULL from <stddef.h>.  */
#define __need_size_t
#define __need_wchar_t
#define __need_NULL
#include <stddef.h>

__BEGIN_DECLS

#define	_STDLIB_H	1

#if (defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) && !defined _SYS_WAIT_H
/* XPG requires a few symbols from <sys/wait.h> being defined.  */
# include <bits/waitflags.h>
# include <bits/waitstatus.h>

/* Define the macros <sys/wait.h> also would define this way.  */
# define WEXITSTATUS(status)	__WEXITSTATUS (status)
# define WTERMSIG(status)	__WTERMSIG (status)
# define WSTOPSIG(status)	__WSTOPSIG (status)
# define WIFEXITED(status)	__WIFEXITED (status)
# define WIFSIGNALED(status)	__WIFSIGNALED (status)
# define WIFSTOPPED(status)	__WIFSTOPPED (status)
# ifdef __WIFCONTINUED
#  define WIFCONTINUED(status)	__WIFCONTINUED (status)
# endif
#endif	/* X/Open or XPG7 and <sys/wait.h> not included.  */

/* _FloatN API tests for enablement.  */
#include <bits/floatn.h>

/* Returned by `div'.  */
typedef struct
  {
    int quot;			/* Quotient.  */
    int rem;			/* Remainder.  */
  } div_t;

/* Returned by `ldiv'.  */
#ifndef __ldiv_t_defined
typedef struct
  {
    long int quot;		/* Quotient.  */
    long int rem;		/* Remainder.  */
  } ldiv_t;
# define __ldiv_t_defined	1
#endif

#if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __lldiv_t_defined
/* Returned by `lldiv'.  */
__extension__ typedef struct
  {
    long long int quot;		/* Quotient.  */
    long long int rem;		/* Remainder.  */
  } lldiv_t;
# define __lldiv_t_defined	1
#endif


/* The largest number rand will return (same as INT_MAX).  */
#define	RAND_MAX	2147483647


/* We define these the same for all machines.
   Changes from this to the outside world should be done in `_exit'.  */
#define	EXIT_FAILURE	1	/* Failing exit status.  */
#define	EXIT_SUCCESS	0	/* Successful exit status.  */


/* Maximum length of a multibyte character in the current locale.  */
#define	MB_CUR_MAX	(__ctype_get_mb_cur_max ())
extern size_t __ctype_get_mb_cur_max (void) __THROW __wur;


/* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
extern double atof (const char *__nptr)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
/* Convert a string to an integer.  */
extern int atoi (const char *__nptr)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
/* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
extern long int atol (const char *__nptr)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;

#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
/* Convert a string to a long long integer.  */
__extension__ extern long long int atoll (const char *__nptr)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif

/* Convert a string to a floating-point number.  */
extern double strtod (const char *__restrict __nptr,
		      char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));

#ifdef	__USE_ISOC99
/* Likewise for `float' and `long double' sizes of floating-point numbers.  */
extern float strtof (const char *__restrict __nptr,
		     char **__restrict __endptr) __THROW __nonnull ((1));

extern long double strtold (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			    char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

/* Likewise for '_FloatN' and '_FloatNx'.  */

#if __HAVE_FLOAT16 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern _Float16 strtof16 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			  char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT32 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern _Float32 strtof32 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			  char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT64 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern _Float64 strtof64 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			  char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT128 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern _Float128 strtof128 (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			    char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT32X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern _Float32x strtof32x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			    char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT64X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern _Float64x strtof64x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			    char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT128X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern _Float128x strtof128x (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			      char **__restrict __endptr)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

/* Convert a string to a long integer.  */
extern long int strtol (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Convert a string to an unsigned long integer.  */
extern unsigned long int strtoul (const char *__restrict __nptr,
				  char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));

#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
__extension__
extern long long int strtoq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			     char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
__extension__
extern unsigned long long int strtouq (const char *__restrict __nptr,
				       char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif /* Use misc.  */

#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
/* Convert a string to a quadword integer.  */
__extension__
extern long long int strtoll (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			      char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Convert a string to an unsigned quadword integer.  */
__extension__
extern unsigned long long int strtoull (const char *__restrict __nptr,
					char **__restrict __endptr, int __base)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif /* ISO C99 or use MISC.  */

/* Convert a floating-point number to a string.  */
#if __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_BFP_EXT)
extern int strfromd (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
		     double __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));

extern int strfromf (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
		     float __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));

extern int strfroml (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char *__format,
		     long double __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT16 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern int strfromf16 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
		       _Float16 __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT32 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern int strfromf32 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
		       _Float32 __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT64 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern int strfromf64 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
		       _Float64 __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT128 && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern int strfromf128 (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
			_Float128 __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT32X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern int strfromf32x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
			_Float32x __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT64X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern int strfromf64x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
			_Float64x __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));
#endif

#if __HAVE_FLOAT128X && __GLIBC_USE (IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT)
extern int strfromf128x (char *__dest, size_t __size, const char * __format,
			 _Float128x __f)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3));
#endif


#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Parallel versions of the functions above which take the locale to
   use as an additional parameter.  These are GNU extensions inspired
   by the POSIX.1-2008 extended locale API.  */
# include <bits/types/locale_t.h>

extern long int strtol_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			  char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
			  locale_t __loc) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));

extern unsigned long int strtoul_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
				    char **__restrict __endptr,
				    int __base, locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));

__extension__
extern long long int strtoll_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
				char **__restrict __endptr, int __base,
				locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));

__extension__
extern unsigned long long int strtoull_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
					  char **__restrict __endptr,
					  int __base, locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 4));

extern double strtod_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			char **__restrict __endptr, locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));

extern float strtof_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
		       char **__restrict __endptr, locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));

extern long double strtold_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			      char **__restrict __endptr,
			      locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));

# if __HAVE_FLOAT16
extern _Float16 strtof16_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			    char **__restrict __endptr,
			    locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
# endif

# if __HAVE_FLOAT32
extern _Float32 strtof32_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			    char **__restrict __endptr,
			    locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
# endif

# if __HAVE_FLOAT64
extern _Float64 strtof64_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			    char **__restrict __endptr,
			    locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
# endif

# if __HAVE_FLOAT128
extern _Float128 strtof128_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			      char **__restrict __endptr,
			      locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
# endif

# if __HAVE_FLOAT32X
extern _Float32x strtof32x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			      char **__restrict __endptr,
			      locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
# endif

# if __HAVE_FLOAT64X
extern _Float64x strtof64x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
			      char **__restrict __endptr,
			      locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
# endif

# if __HAVE_FLOAT128X
extern _Float128x strtof128x_l (const char *__restrict __nptr,
				char **__restrict __endptr,
				locale_t __loc)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 3));
# endif
#endif /* GNU */


#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
__extern_inline int
__NTH (atoi (const char *__nptr))
{
  return (int) strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
}
__extern_inline long int
__NTH (atol (const char *__nptr))
{
  return strtol (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
}

# ifdef __USE_ISOC99
__extension__ __extern_inline long long int
__NTH (atoll (const char *__nptr))
{
  return strtoll (__nptr, (char **) NULL, 10);
}
# endif
#endif /* Optimizing and Inlining.  */


#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Convert N to base 64 using the digits "./0-9A-Za-z", least-significant
   digit first.  Returns a pointer to static storage overwritten by the
   next call.  */
extern char *l64a (long int __n) __THROW __wur;

/* Read a number from a string S in base 64 as above.  */
extern long int a64l (const char *__s)
     __THROW __attribute_pure__ __nonnull ((1)) __wur;

#endif	/* Use misc || extended X/Open.  */

#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
# include <sys/types.h>	/* we need int32_t... */

/* These are the functions that actually do things.  The `random', `srandom',
   `initstate' and `setstate' functions are those from BSD Unices.
   The `rand' and `srand' functions are required by the ANSI standard.
   We provide both interfaces to the same random number generator.  */
/* Return a random long integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
extern long int random (void) __THROW;

/* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
extern void srandom (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;

/* Initialize the random number generator to use state buffer STATEBUF,
   of length STATELEN, and seed it with SEED.  Optimal lengths are 8, 16,
   32, 64, 128 and 256, the bigger the better; values less than 8 will
   cause an error and values greater than 256 will be rounded down.  */
extern char *initstate (unsigned int __seed, char *__statebuf,
			size_t __statelen) __THROW __nonnull ((2));

/* Switch the random number generator to state buffer STATEBUF,
   which should have been previously initialized by `initstate'.  */
extern char *setstate (char *__statebuf) __THROW __nonnull ((1));


# ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Reentrant versions of the `random' family of functions.
   These functions all use the following data structure to contain
   state, rather than global state variables.  */

struct random_data
  {
    int32_t *fptr;		/* Front pointer.  */
    int32_t *rptr;		/* Rear pointer.  */
    int32_t *state;		/* Array of state values.  */
    int rand_type;		/* Type of random number generator.  */
    int rand_deg;		/* Degree of random number generator.  */
    int rand_sep;		/* Distance between front and rear.  */
    int32_t *end_ptr;		/* Pointer behind state table.  */
  };

extern int random_r (struct random_data *__restrict __buf,
		     int32_t *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

extern int srandom_r (unsigned int __seed, struct random_data *__buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2));

extern int initstate_r (unsigned int __seed, char *__restrict __statebuf,
			size_t __statelen,
			struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2, 4));

extern int setstate_r (char *__restrict __statebuf,
		       struct random_data *__restrict __buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
# endif	/* Use misc.  */
#endif	/* Use extended X/Open || misc. */


/* Return a random integer between 0 and RAND_MAX inclusive.  */
extern int rand (void) __THROW;
/* Seed the random number generator with the given number.  */
extern void srand (unsigned int __seed) __THROW;

#ifdef __USE_POSIX199506
/* Reentrant interface according to POSIX.1.  */
extern int rand_r (unsigned int *__seed) __THROW;
#endif


#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* System V style 48-bit random number generator functions.  */

/* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
extern double drand48 (void) __THROW;
extern double erand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));

/* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
extern long int lrand48 (void) __THROW;
extern long int nrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));

/* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
extern long int mrand48 (void) __THROW;
extern long int jrand48 (unsigned short int __xsubi[3])
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));

/* Seed random number generator.  */
extern void srand48 (long int __seedval) __THROW;
extern unsigned short int *seed48 (unsigned short int __seed16v[3])
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
extern void lcong48 (unsigned short int __param[7]) __THROW __nonnull ((1));

# ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Data structure for communication with thread safe versions.  This
   type is to be regarded as opaque.  It's only exported because users
   have to allocate objects of this type.  */
struct drand48_data
  {
    unsigned short int __x[3];	/* Current state.  */
    unsigned short int __old_x[3]; /* Old state.  */
    unsigned short int __c;	/* Additive const. in congruential formula.  */
    unsigned short int __init;	/* Flag for initializing.  */
    __extension__ unsigned long long int __a;	/* Factor in congruential
						   formula.  */
  };

/* Return non-negative, double-precision floating-point value in [0.0,1.0).  */
extern int drand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
extern int erand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
		      struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      double *__restrict __result) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

/* Return non-negative, long integer in [0,2^31).  */
extern int lrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      long int *__restrict __result)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
extern int nrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
		      struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      long int *__restrict __result)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

/* Return signed, long integers in [-2^31,2^31).  */
extern int mrand48_r (struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      long int *__restrict __result)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
extern int jrand48_r (unsigned short int __xsubi[3],
		      struct drand48_data *__restrict __buffer,
		      long int *__restrict __result)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

/* Seed random number generator.  */
extern int srand48_r (long int __seedval, struct drand48_data *__buffer)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2));

extern int seed48_r (unsigned short int __seed16v[3],
		     struct drand48_data *__buffer) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));

extern int lcong48_r (unsigned short int __param[7],
		      struct drand48_data *__buffer)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2));
# endif	/* Use misc.  */
#endif	/* Use misc or X/Open.  */

/* Allocate SIZE bytes of memory.  */
extern void *malloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
/* Allocate NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each, all initialized to 0.  */
extern void *calloc (size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
     __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;

/* Re-allocate the previously allocated block
   in PTR, making the new block SIZE bytes long.  */
/* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if realloc returns
   the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
   between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
extern void *realloc (void *__ptr, size_t __size)
     __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;

#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Re-allocate the previously allocated block in PTR, making the new
   block large enough for NMEMB elements of SIZE bytes each.  */
/* __attribute_malloc__ is not used, because if reallocarray returns
   the same pointer that was passed to it, aliasing needs to be allowed
   between objects pointed by the old and new pointers.  */
extern void *reallocarray (void *__ptr, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size)
     __THROW __attribute_warn_unused_result__;
#endif

/* Free a block allocated by `malloc', `realloc' or `calloc'.  */
extern void free (void *__ptr) __THROW;

#ifdef __USE_MISC
# include <alloca.h>
#endif /* Use misc.  */

#if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K) \
    || defined __USE_MISC
/* Allocate SIZE bytes on a page boundary.  The storage cannot be freed.  */
extern void *valloc (size_t __size) __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Allocate memory of SIZE bytes with an alignment of ALIGNMENT.  */
extern int posix_memalign (void **__memptr, size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_ISOC11
/* ISO C variant of aligned allocation.  */
extern void *aligned_alloc (size_t __alignment, size_t __size)
     __THROW __attribute_malloc__ __attribute_alloc_size__ ((2)) __wur;
#endif

/* Abort execution and generate a core-dump.  */
extern void abort (void) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));


/* Register a function to be called when `exit' is called.  */
extern int atexit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));

#if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
/* Register a function to be called when `quick_exit' is called.  */
# ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C++" int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void))
     __THROW __asm ("at_quick_exit") __nonnull ((1));
# else
extern int at_quick_exit (void (*__func) (void)) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
# endif
#endif

#ifdef	__USE_MISC
/* Register a function to be called with the status
   given to `exit' and the given argument.  */
extern int on_exit (void (*__func) (int __status, void *__arg), void *__arg)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

/* Call all functions registered with `atexit' and `on_exit',
   in the reverse of the order in which they were registered,
   perform stdio cleanup, and terminate program execution with STATUS.  */
extern void exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));

#if defined __USE_ISOC11 || defined __USE_ISOCXX11
/* Call all functions registered with `at_quick_exit' in the reverse
   of the order in which they were registered and terminate program
   execution with STATUS.  */
extern void quick_exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
#endif

#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
/* Terminate the program with STATUS without calling any of the
   functions registered with `atexit' or `on_exit'.  */
extern void _Exit (int __status) __THROW __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));
#endif


/* Return the value of envariable NAME, or NULL if it doesn't exist.  */
extern char *getenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;

#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* This function is similar to the above but returns NULL if the
   programs is running with SUID or SGID enabled.  */
extern char *secure_getenv (const char *__name)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif

#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* The SVID says this is in <stdio.h>, but this seems a better place.	*/
/* Put STRING, which is of the form "NAME=VALUE", in the environment.
   If there is no `=', remove NAME from the environment.  */
extern int putenv (char *__string) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Set NAME to VALUE in the environment.
   If REPLACE is nonzero, overwrite an existing value.  */
extern int setenv (const char *__name, const char *__value, int __replace)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2));

/* Remove the variable NAME from the environment.  */
extern int unsetenv (const char *__name) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#ifdef	__USE_MISC
/* The `clearenv' was planned to be added to POSIX.1 but probably
   never made it.  Nevertheless the POSIX.9 standard (POSIX bindings
   for Fortran 77) requires this function.  */
extern int clearenv (void) __THROW;
#endif


#if defined __USE_MISC \
    || (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8)
/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
   The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
   they are replaced with a string that makes the file name unique.
   Always returns TEMPLATE, it's either a temporary file name or a null
   string if it cannot get a unique file name.  */
extern char *mktemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE.
   The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
   they are replaced with a string that makes the filename unique.
   Returns a file descriptor open on the file for reading and writing,
   or -1 if it cannot create a uniquely-named file.

   This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
   marked with __THROW.  */
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern int mkstemp (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# else
#  ifdef __REDIRECT
extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemp, (char *__template), mkstemp64)
     __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#  else
#   define mkstemp mkstemp64
#  endif
# endif
# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int mkstemp64 (char *__template) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# endif
#endif

#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Similar to mkstemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
   XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
   parameter.

   This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
   marked with __THROW.  */
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern int mkstemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# else
#  ifdef __REDIRECT
extern int __REDIRECT (mkstemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen),
		       mkstemps64) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#  else
#   define mkstemps mkstemps64
#  endif
# endif
# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int mkstemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen)
     __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# endif
#endif

#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
/* Create a unique temporary directory from TEMPLATE.
   The last six characters of TEMPLATE must be "XXXXXX";
   they are replaced with a string that makes the directory name unique.
   Returns TEMPLATE, or a null pointer if it cannot get a unique name.
   The directory is created mode 700.  */
extern char *mkdtemp (char *__template) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Generate a unique temporary file name from TEMPLATE similar to
   mkstemp.  But allow the caller to pass additional flags which are
   used in the open call to create the file..

   This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
   marked with __THROW.  */
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern int mkostemp (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# else
#  ifdef __REDIRECT
extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemp, (char *__template, int __flags), mkostemp64)
     __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#  else
#   define mkostemp mkostemp64
#  endif
# endif
# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int mkostemp64 (char *__template, int __flags) __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# endif

/* Similar to mkostemp, but the template can have a suffix after the
   XXXXXX.  The length of the suffix is specified in the second
   parameter.

   This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
   marked with __THROW.  */
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern int mkostemps (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
     __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# else
#  ifdef __REDIRECT
extern int __REDIRECT (mkostemps, (char *__template, int __suffixlen,
				   int __flags), mkostemps64)
     __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#  else
#   define mkostemps mkostemps64
#  endif
# endif
# ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int mkostemps64 (char *__template, int __suffixlen, int __flags)
     __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
# endif
#endif


/* Execute the given line as a shell command.

   This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
   __THROW.  */
extern int system (const char *__command) __wur;


#ifdef	__USE_GNU
/* Return a malloc'd string containing the canonical absolute name of the
   existing named file.  */
extern char *canonicalize_file_name (const char *__name)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif

#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Return the canonical absolute name of file NAME.  If RESOLVED is
   null, the result is malloc'd; otherwise, if the canonical name is
   PATH_MAX chars or more, returns null with `errno' set to
   ENAMETOOLONG; if the name fits in fewer than PATH_MAX chars,
   returns the name in RESOLVED.  */
extern char *realpath (const char *__restrict __name,
		       char *__restrict __resolved) __THROW __wur;
#endif


/* Shorthand for type of comparison functions.  */
#ifndef __COMPAR_FN_T
# define __COMPAR_FN_T
typedef int (*__compar_fn_t) (const void *, const void *);

# ifdef	__USE_GNU
typedef __compar_fn_t comparison_fn_t;
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __USE_GNU
typedef int (*__compar_d_fn_t) (const void *, const void *, void *);
#endif

/* Do a binary search for KEY in BASE, which consists of NMEMB elements
   of SIZE bytes each, using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
extern void *bsearch (const void *__key, const void *__base,
		      size_t __nmemb, size_t __size, __compar_fn_t __compar)
     __nonnull ((1, 2, 5)) __wur;

#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
# include <bits/stdlib-bsearch.h>
#endif

/* Sort NMEMB elements of BASE, of SIZE bytes each,
   using COMPAR to perform the comparisons.  */
extern void qsort (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
		   __compar_fn_t __compar) __nonnull ((1, 4));
#ifdef __USE_GNU
extern void qsort_r (void *__base, size_t __nmemb, size_t __size,
		     __compar_d_fn_t __compar, void *__arg)
  __nonnull ((1, 4));
#endif


/* Return the absolute value of X.  */
extern int abs (int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
extern long int labs (long int __x) __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;

#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
__extension__ extern long long int llabs (long long int __x)
     __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
#endif


/* Return the `div_t', `ldiv_t' or `lldiv_t' representation
   of the value of NUMER over DENOM. */
/* GCC may have built-ins for these someday.  */
extern div_t div (int __numer, int __denom)
     __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
extern ldiv_t ldiv (long int __numer, long int __denom)
     __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;

#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
__extension__ extern lldiv_t lldiv (long long int __numer,
				    long long int __denom)
     __THROW __attribute__ ((__const__)) __wur;
#endif


#if (defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K8) \
    || defined __USE_MISC
/* Convert floating point numbers to strings.  The returned values are
   valid only until another call to the same function.  */

/* Convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT digits and return a pointer to
   this.  Set *DECPT with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN
   with the sign of the number.  */
extern char *ecvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
		   int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;

/* Convert VALUE to a string rounded to NDIGIT decimal digits.  Set *DECPT
   with the position of the decimal character and *SIGN with the sign of
   the number.  */
extern char *fcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
		   int *__restrict __sign) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;

/* If possible convert VALUE to a string with NDIGIT significant digits.
   Otherwise use exponential representation.  The resulting string will
   be written to BUF.  */
extern char *gcvt (double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Long double versions of above functions.  */
extern char *qecvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
		    int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
extern char *qfcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit,
		    int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4)) __wur;
extern char *qgcvt (long double __value, int __ndigit, char *__buf)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3)) __wur;


/* Reentrant version of the functions above which provide their own
   buffers.  */
extern int ecvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
		   int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
		   size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
extern int fcvt_r (double __value, int __ndigit, int *__restrict __decpt,
		   int *__restrict __sign, char *__restrict __buf,
		   size_t __len) __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));

extern int qecvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
		    int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
		    char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
extern int qfcvt_r (long double __value, int __ndigit,
		    int *__restrict __decpt, int *__restrict __sign,
		    char *__restrict __buf, size_t __len)
     __THROW __nonnull ((3, 4, 5));
#endif	/* misc */


/* Return the length of the multibyte character
   in S, which is no longer than N.  */
extern int mblen (const char *__s, size_t __n) __THROW;
/* Return the length of the given multibyte character,
   putting its `wchar_t' representation in *PWC.  */
extern int mbtowc (wchar_t *__restrict __pwc,
		   const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
/* Put the multibyte character represented
   by WCHAR in S, returning its length.  */
extern int wctomb (char *__s, wchar_t __wchar) __THROW;


/* Convert a multibyte string to a wide char string.  */
extern size_t mbstowcs (wchar_t *__restrict  __pwcs,
			const char *__restrict __s, size_t __n) __THROW;
/* Convert a wide char string to multibyte string.  */
extern size_t wcstombs (char *__restrict __s,
			const wchar_t *__restrict __pwcs, size_t __n)
     __THROW;


#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Determine whether the string value of RESPONSE matches the affirmation
   or negative response expression as specified by the LC_MESSAGES category
   in the program's current locale.  Returns 1 if affirmative, 0 if
   negative, and -1 if not matching.  */
extern int rpmatch (const char *__response) __THROW __nonnull ((1)) __wur;
#endif


#if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
/* Parse comma separated suboption from *OPTIONP and match against
   strings in TOKENS.  If found return index and set *VALUEP to
   optional value introduced by an equal sign.  If the suboption is
   not part of TOKENS return in *VALUEP beginning of unknown
   suboption.  On exit *OPTIONP is set to the beginning of the next
   token or at the terminating NUL character.  */
extern int getsubopt (char **__restrict __optionp,
		      char *const *__restrict __tokens,
		      char **__restrict __valuep)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3)) __wur;
#endif


#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
/* Setup DES tables according KEY.  */
extern void setkey (const char *__key) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif


/* X/Open pseudo terminal handling.  */

#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2KXSI
/* Return a master pseudo-terminal handle.  */
extern int posix_openpt (int __oflag) __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* The next four functions all take a master pseudo-tty fd and
   perform an operation on the associated slave:  */

/* Chown the slave to the calling user.  */
extern int grantpt (int __fd) __THROW;

/* Release an internal lock so the slave can be opened.
   Call after grantpt().  */
extern int unlockpt (int __fd) __THROW;

/* Return the pathname of the pseudo terminal slave associated with
   the master FD is open on, or NULL on errors.
   The returned storage is good until the next call to this function.  */
extern char *ptsname (int __fd) __THROW __wur;
#endif

#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Store at most BUFLEN characters of the pathname of the slave pseudo
   terminal associated with the master FD is open on in BUF.
   Return 0 on success, otherwise an error number.  */
extern int ptsname_r (int __fd, char *__buf, size_t __buflen)
     __THROW __nonnull ((2));

/* Open a master pseudo terminal and return its file descriptor.  */
extern int getpt (void);
#endif

#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Put the 1 minute, 5 minute and 15 minute load averages into the first
   NELEM elements of LOADAVG.  Return the number written (never more than
   three, but may be less than NELEM), or -1 if an error occurred.  */
extern int getloadavg (double __loadavg[], int __nelem)
     __THROW __nonnull ((1));
#endif

#if defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Return the index into the active-logins file (utmp) for
   the controlling terminal.  */
extern int ttyslot (void) __THROW;
#endif

#include <bits/stdlib-float.h>

/* Define some macros helping to catch buffer overflows.  */
#if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __fortify_function
# include <bits/stdlib.h>
#endif
#ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
# include <bits/stdlib-ldbl.h>
#endif

__END_DECLS

#endif /* stdlib.h  */