Code Warrior Class 1 Recording
- Creating a bot (a piece of code written by you) to play the given game and try to win against the opponent’s bot.
- For implementing this, we will be using an algorithm of game theory, Minimax and try to make the code a perfect balance of efficiency and accuracy.
- We are considering two-player, perfect information games
- The two players take turns and try respectively to maximize and minimize an Evaluation function (also called utility function or heuristic function).
- The two players are called respectively MAX and MIN. We assume that the MAX player makes the first move.
- An Evaluation function is used to evaluate the "goodness" of a configuration of the game.
- Here we'll use a single evaluation function to describe the goodness of a board with respect to BOTH players.
- That is, f(n) = large positive value means the board associated with node n is good for MAX and bad for MIN.
- f(n) = large negative value means the board is bad for MAX and good for MIN.
- f(n) near 0 means the board is a neutral position.
- f(n) = +infinity means a winning position for MAX.
- f(n) = -infinity means a winning position for MIN.
Links which have explained minimax algo:
- Minimax Introduction
- Minimax: GeeksForGeeks
- How to make a unbeatable tic tac toe using Minimax algorithm: Medium
- Minimax Algorithm Video
- Minimax PDF Compiled by Manmeet Sir ;) [Real Warrior]
Hackerrank problem of Tic Tac Toe. We strongly recommend you to make a Tic Tac Toe bot and submit it there to see how well it works. This will give you a strong idea of how to make an AI bot and will prepare you for developing high level bots.
(score, move) maxTurn(game):
if game is in terminal state:
return (score(game), none)
max = (none, none)
foreach emptySpace in game:
game[emptySpace] = X
currentMove = minTurn(game)
if currentMove.score > max.score:
max = (currentMove.score, emptySpace)
game[emptySpace] = none // reverting change
return max
(score, move) minTurn(game):
if game is in terminal state:
return (score(game), none)
min = (none, none)
foreach emptySpace in game:
game[emptySpace] = O
currentMove = maxTurn(game)
if currentMove.score < min.score:
min = (currentMove.score, emptySpace)
game[emptySpace] = none // reverting change
return min(score, move) maxTurn(game, depth):
if game is in terminal state:
return (score(game, depth), none)
max = (none, none)
foreach emptySpace in game:
game[emptySpace] = X
currentMove = minTurn(game, depth + 1)
if currentMove.score > max.score:
max = (currentMove.score, emptySpace)
game[emptySpace] = none // reverting change
return max
(score, move) minTurn(game, depth):
if game is in terminal state:
return (score(game, depth), none)
min = (none, none)
foreach emptySpace in game:
game[emptySpace] = O
currentMove = maxTurn(game, depth + 1)
if currentMove.score < min.score:
min = (currentMove.score, emptySpace)
game[emptySpace] = none // reverting change
return min
int score(game, depth):
if X has won:
return 10 - depth
else if O has won:
return depth - 10
return 0wget this url for raw cpp file.
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
struct chaal{
int row,column;
};
char b[4][4];
char player,comp; //player is you and comp is your bot
int evaluate(int depth) //This function calculates the score of board at given time
{
int i;
//Check if there are three consecutive O's or X's in rows
for(i=1;i<=3;i++)
{
if(b[i][1]==b[i][2]&&b[i][2]==b[i][3])
{
if(b[i][1]==comp)
{return 20-depth;}
else if(b[i][1]==player)
{return -20+depth;}
}
}
//Check if there are three consecutive O's or X's in Columns
for(i=1;i<=3;i++)
{
if(b[1][i]==b[2][i]&&b[2][i]==b[3][i])
{
if(b[1][i]==comp)
{return 20-depth;}
else if(b[1][i]==player)
{return -20+depth;}
}
}
//Check if there are three consecutive O's or X's in Diagonals
if(b[1][1]==b[2][2]&&b[2][2]==b[3][3])
{
if(b[1][1]==comp)
{return 20-depth;}
else if(b[1][1]==player)
{return -20+depth;}
}
if(b[1][3]==b[2][2]&&b[2][2]==b[3][1])
{
if(b[1][3]==comp)
{return 20-depth;}
else if(b[1][3]==player)
{return -20+depth;}
}
return 0;
}
//Checks if there is any move left on the board
bool moveleft()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<=3;i++)
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
if(b[i][j]=='_')
return true;
return false;
}
int minimax(int depth,bool ismaxturn)
{
int i,j,val;
int score=evaluate(depth);
if(score==20-depth)
return score;
if(score==-20+depth)
return score;
if(moveleft()==false)
return 0;
if(ismaxturn)
{
int best=-10000;
// Iterate over all 9 positions
for(i=1;i<=3;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
{
if(b[i][j]=='_') //If the position is blank
{
b[i][j]=comp;
best=max(minimax(depth+1,!ismaxturn),best); //Updates the best value
b[i][j]='_';
}
if(alpha>beta) return best;
}
}
return best;
}
else
{
int best=10000;
// Iterate over all 9 positions
for(i=1;i<=3;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
{
if(b[i][j]=='_') //If the position is blank
{
b[i][j]=player; //set step
best=min(minimax(depth+1,!ismaxturn),best); //Updates the best value
b[i][j]='_'; //Unset step...changes board back to its original form
}
}
}
return best;
}
}
//This function returns the best possible move to the main function
chaal findbestmove(int depth,bool ismaxturn)
{
int i,j,val;
struct chaal bestmove;
//Initialization steps
int bestval=-10000;
bestmove.row=-1;
bestmove.column=-1;
for(i=1;i<=3;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
{
if(b[i][j]=='_')
{
b[i][j]=comp;
val=minimax(depth,!ismaxturn);
// If we found a better move ,just update bestmove with that move
if(val>bestval)
{
bestval=val;
bestmove.row=i;
bestmove.column=j;
}
b[i][j]='_';
}
}
}
return bestmove;
}
void print()
{
printf("\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t %c | %c | %c \n", b[1][1],b[1][2], b[1][3]);
printf("\t\t\t--------------\n");
printf("\t\t\t %c | %c | %c \n", b[2][1],b[2][2], b[2][3]);
printf("\t\t\t--------------\n");
printf("\t\t\t %c | %c | %c \n\n", b[3][1],b[3][2], b[3][3]);
}
int main()
{
int p,i,j,r,c;
const int INF=10000000;
struct chaal cur_move;
for(i=1;i<=3;i++)
for(j=1;j<=3;j++)
b[i][j]='_';
printf("WELCOME TO THE GAME OF TIC-TAC-TOE\n");
printf("PRESS 1 FOR TAKING O AND 2 FOR TAKING X\n");
scanf("%d",&p);
if(p==1)
{player='O';comp='X';}
else
{player='X';comp='O';}
printf("I GIVE YOU THE CHANCE OF MAKING FIRST TURN \n");
int depth=1;
while(moveleft())
{
printf("ENTER THE ROW AND COLUMN OF YOUR INPUT\n");
cin>>r>>c;
b[r][c]=player;
int x=evaluate(depth);
depth++;
print();
printf("\n\n");
if(x==-20+depth) // You have won the game
{
printf("CONGRATULATIONS\n");
return 0;
}
cur_move=findbestmove(depth,true);
b[cur_move.row][cur_move.column]=comp;
print();
x=evaluate(depth);
printf("\n\n");
if(x==20-depth)
{
printf("SORRY TO SAY BUT YOU NEED A LOT OF PRACTICE\n");
return 0;
}
}
printf("IT IS A DRAW\n");
return 0;
}