diff --git a/pycona/utils.py b/pycona/utils.py
index 134ceef..683fb66 100644
--- a/pycona/utils.py
+++ b/pycona/utils.py
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
 import cpmpy as cp
 from cpmpy.expressions.core import Expression, Comparison, Operator
 from cpmpy.expressions.variables import NDVarArray, _NumVarImpl, NegBoolView
+from cpmpy.transformations.get_variables import get_variables
 from sklearn.utils import class_weight
 import numpy as np
 import re
 from cpmpy.expressions.utils import all_pairs, is_any_list
 
+
 class Objectives:
     """
     A class to manage different objectives for query generation, find scope, and find constraint.
@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ def check_value(c):
     """
     return bool(c.value())
 
+
 def get_con_subset(B, Y):
     """
     Get the subset of constraints whose scope is a subset of Y.
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ def get_kappa(B, Y):
     Y = frozenset(Y)
     return [c for c in B if frozenset(get_scope(c)).issubset(Y) and check_value(c) is False]
 
+
 def get_lambda(B, Y):
     """
     Get the subset of constraints whose scope is a subset of Y and are satisfied.
@@ -88,6 +92,7 @@ def get_lambda(B, Y):
     Y = frozenset(Y)
     return [c for c in B if frozenset(get_scope(c)).issubset(Y) and check_value(c) is True]
 
+
 def gen_pairwise(v1, v2):
     """
     Generate pairwise constraints between two variables.
@@ -98,6 +103,7 @@ def gen_pairwise(v1, v2):
     """
     return [v1 == v2, v1 != v2, v1 < v2, v1 > v2]
 
+
 def gen_pairwise_ineq(v1, v2):
     """
     Generate pairwise inequality constraints between two variables.
@@ -108,6 +114,7 @@ def gen_pairwise_ineq(v1, v2):
     """
     return [v1 != v2]
 
+
 def alldiff_binary(grid):
     """
     Generate all different binary constraints for a grid.
@@ -119,6 +126,7 @@ def alldiff_binary(grid):
         for c in gen_pairwise_ineq(v1, v2):
             yield c
 
+
 def gen_scoped_cons(grid):
     """
     Generate scoped constraints for a grid.
@@ -145,6 +153,7 @@ def gen_scoped_cons(grid):
                         for c in gen_pairwise_ineq(grid[i1, j1], grid[i2, j2]):
                             yield c
 
+
 def gen_all_cons(grid):
     """
     Generate all pairwise constraints for a grid.
@@ -156,6 +165,7 @@ def gen_all_cons(grid):
         for c in gen_pairwise(v1, v2):
             yield c
 
+
 def get_scopes_vars(C):
     """
     Get the set of variables involved in the scopes of constraints.
@@ -165,6 +175,7 @@ def get_scopes_vars(C):
     """
     return set([x for scope in [get_scope(c) for c in C] for x in scope])
 
+
 def get_scopes(C):
     """
     Get the list of unique scopes of constraints.
@@ -174,6 +185,7 @@ def get_scopes(C):
     """
     return list(set([tuple(get_scope(c)) for c in C]))
 
+
 def get_scope(constraint):
     """
     Get the scope (variables) of a constraint.
@@ -181,18 +193,9 @@ def get_scope(constraint):
     :param constraint: The constraint to get the scope of.
     :return: List of variables in the scope of the constraint.
     """
-    if isinstance(constraint, _NumVarImpl):
-        return [constraint]
-    elif isinstance(constraint, Expression):
-        all_variables = []
-        for argument in constraint.args:
-            if isinstance(argument, _NumVarImpl):
-                all_variables.append(argument)
-            else:
-                all_variables.extend(get_scope(argument))
-        return all_variables
-    else:
-        return []
+    return get_variables(constraint)
+        
+        
 def compare_scopes(scope1, scope2):
 
     scope1 = set(scope1)
@@ -211,17 +214,19 @@ def get_constant(constraint):
     :param constraint: The constraint to get the constants of.
     :return: List of constants involved in the constraint.
     """
+
     if isinstance(constraint, _NumVarImpl):
         return []
-    elif isinstance(constraint, Expression):
+    elif isinstance(constraint, Expression) or is_any_list(constraint):
         constants = []
-        for argument in constraint.args:
+        for argument in (constraint.args if isinstance(constraint, Expression) else constraint):
             if not isinstance(argument, _NumVarImpl):
                 constants.extend(get_constant(argument))
         return constants
     else:
         return [constraint]
 
+
 def get_arity(constraint):
     """
     Get the arity (number of variables) of a constraint.
@@ -231,6 +236,7 @@ def get_arity(constraint):
     """
     return len(get_scope(constraint))
 
+
 def get_min_arity(C):
     """
     Get the minimum arity of a list of constraints.
@@ -242,6 +248,7 @@ def get_min_arity(C):
         return min([get_arity(c) for c in C])
     return 0
 
+
 def get_max_arity(C):
     """
     Get the maximum arity of a list of constraints.
@@ -253,6 +260,7 @@ def get_max_arity(C):
         return max([get_arity(c) for c in C])
     return 0
 
+
 def get_relation(c, gamma):
     """
     Get the relation index of a constraint in a given language.
@@ -279,6 +287,7 @@ def get_relation(c, gamma):
 
     return -1
 
+
 def replace_variables(constraint, var_mapping):
     """
     Replace the variables in a constraint using a dictionary mapping previous variables to new ones.
@@ -316,6 +325,7 @@ def get_var_name(var):
     name = var.name.replace(name[0], '')
     return name
 
+
 def get_var_ndims(var):
     """
     Get the number of dimensions of a variable.
@@ -328,6 +338,7 @@ def get_var_ndims(var):
     ndims = len(re.split(",", dims_str))
     return ndims
 
+
 def get_var_dims(var):
     """
     Get the dimensions of a variable.
@@ -341,6 +352,7 @@ def get_var_dims(var):
     dims = [int(dim) for dim in re.split(",", dims)]
     return dims
 
+
 def get_divisors(n):
     """
     Get the divisors of a number.
@@ -354,6 +366,7 @@ def get_divisors(n):
             divisors.append(i)
     return divisors
 
+
 def average_difference(values):
     """
     Calculate the average difference between consecutive values in a list.
@@ -385,6 +398,7 @@ def compute_sample_weights(Y):
 
     return sw
 
+
 def get_variables_from_constraints(constraints):
     """
     Get the list of variables involved in a list of constraints.
@@ -392,27 +406,18 @@ def get_variables_from_constraints(constraints):
     :param constraints: List of constraints.
     :return: List of variables involved in the constraints.
     """
-    def get_variables(expr):
-        if isinstance(expr, _NumVarImpl):
-            return [expr]
-        elif isinstance(expr, np.bool_):
-            return []
-        elif isinstance(expr, np.int_) or isinstance(expr, int):
-            return []
-        else:
-            # Recursively find variables in all arguments of the expression
-            return [var for argument in expr.args for var in get_variables(argument)]
 
     # Create set to hold unique variables
     variable_set = set()
     for constraint in constraints:
-        variable_set.update(get_variables(constraint))
+        variable_set.update(get_scope(constraint))
 
     extract_nums = lambda s: list(map(int, s.name[s.name.index("[") + 1:s.name.index("]")].split(',')))
 
     variable_list = sorted(variable_set, key=extract_nums)
     return variable_list
 
+
 def combine_sets_distinct(set1, set2):
     """
     Combine two sets into a set of distinct pairs.
@@ -431,6 +436,7 @@ def combine_sets_distinct(set1, set2):
                 result.add(tuple(sorted((a, b))))
     return result
 
+
 def unravel(lst, newlist):
     """
     Recursively unravel nested lists, tuples, or arrays into a flat list.
@@ -447,6 +453,7 @@ def unravel(lst, newlist):
         elif isinstance(e, (list, tuple, np.flatiter, np.ndarray)):
             unravel(e, newlist)
 
+
 def get_combinations(lst, n):
     """
     Get all combinations of a list of a given length.
@@ -461,6 +468,7 @@ def get_combinations(lst, n):
         lst = newlist
     return list(combinations(lst, n))
 
+
 def restore_scope_values(scope, scope_values):
     """
     Restore the original values of variables in a scope.