Winners.csv

Winner,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Kailash_Satyarthi.jpg,Known For,Field,Gender,Place of Birth,Country of Birth,Short Description,Description,Year of Birth,Age of Nobel Win,Universities,Country represented for Nobel Prize,Image,DBpedia Link,Profile
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff,1901 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Rotterdam, Netherlands",Netherlands,Chemist,"Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Jr. (30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical and organic chemist and the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is best known for his discoveries in chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, osmotic pressure, and stereochemistry. Van 't Hoff's work in these subjects helped found the discipline of physical chemistry as it is today.",1852,49,,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Vant_Hoff.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff
Sully Prudhomme,1901 - Literature,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Poet And Essayist,"René François Armand (Sully) Prudhomme ( French: [syli pʀydɔm]; 16 March 1839 – 6 September 1907) was a French poet and essayist, and was the first ever winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 1901.",1839,62,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Sully_Prudhomme%2C_Ren%C3%A9-Fran%C3%A7ois-Armand%2C_BNF_Gallica.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Sully_Prudhomme,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sully_Prudhomme
Emil Adolf von Behring,1901 - Medicine / Physiology,Diphtheria antitoxin/serum,,Male,"Ławice, Germany",Germany,German Physiologist,"Emil Adolf von Behring (15 March 1854 – 31 March 1917) was a German physiologist who received the 1901 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the first one awarded.",1854,47,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Emil_von_Behring_sitzend.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring
Frédéric Passy,1901 - Peace,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Economist And Statesman,"Frédéric Passy (May 20, 1822 – June 12, 1912) was a French economist and a joint winner (together with Henry Dunant ) of the first Nobel Peace Prize awarded in 1901.",1822,79,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Frederic_Passy.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy
Henry Dunant,1901 - Peace,Founder of the Red Cross,,Male,"Geneva, Switzerland",Switzerland,Inspiration For Red Cross,"Jean Henri Dunant (8 May 1828 – 30 October 1910), also known as Henry Dunant, was a Swiss businessman and social activist. During a business trip in 1859, he was witness to the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino in modern-day Italy. He recorded his memories and experiences in the book A Memory of Solferino which inspired the creation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863. The 1864 Geneva Convention was based on Dunant's ideas. In 1901 he received the first Nobel Peace Prize together with Frédéric Passy.",1828,73,,"France, Switzerland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Henry_Dunant-young.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henry_Dunant,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Dunant
Wilhelm Röntgen,1901 - Physics,X-rays,X-ray astronomy,Male,"Remscheid, Germany",Germany,,"Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen ( German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʁœntɡən]; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today that was known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. In honour of his accomplishments, in 2004 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) named element 111, roentgenium, a radioactive element with multiple unstable isotopes, after him.",1845,56,"ETH Zurich, University of Zurich",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Roentgen2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen
Hermann Emil Fischer,1902 - Chemestry,Study of sugars & purines,,Male,"Euskirchen, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,"Hermann Emil Louis Fischer (9 October 1852 – 15 July 1919) was a German chemist and 1902 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He also discovered the Fischer esterification. He developed the Fischer projection, a symbolic way of drawing asymmetric carbon atoms. He never used his first given name, and was known throughout his life simply as Emil Fischer.",1852,50,"University of Bonn, University of Strasbourg",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/%D0%A3%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8C.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hermann_Emil_Fischer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer
Theodor Mommsen,1902 - Literature,,"Jurist, Classics, Historian",Male,"Garding, Germany",Germany,"German Classical Scholar, Jurist And Historian","Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician, archaeologist and writer generally regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902 for being ""the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome."" He was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code ( BGB ).",1817,85,University of Kiel,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/T-mommsen-2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Theodor_Mommsen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen
Ronald Ross,1902 - Medicine / Physiology,Malaria parasite transmission,Medicine,Male,"Almora, India",India,British Doctor,"Sir Ronald Ross, KCB, FRS (13 May 1857 – 16 September 1932), was an Indian-born British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on malaria. His discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of mosquito led to the realisation that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes, and laid the foundation for combating the disease. He was quite a polymath, writing a number of poems, published several novels, and composed songs. He was also an amateur artist and natural mathematician. He worked in the Indian Medical Service for 25 years. It was during his service that he made the groundbreaking medical discovery. After resigning from his service in India, he joined the faculty of Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, and continued as Professor and Chair of Tropical Medicine of the institute for 10 years. In 1926 he became Director-in-Chief of the Ross Institute and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, which was established in honour of his works. He remained there until his death. ",1857,45,"Worshipful Society of Apothecaries, Queen Mary University","India, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Ronald_Ross.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ronald_Ross,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Ross
Élie Ducommun,1902 - Peace,,,Male,,,Swiss Activist,"Élie Ducommun (19 February 1833, Genf – 7 December 1906, Bern ) was a peace activist. He is a winner of the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with Charles Albert Gobat.",1833,69,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//9/9a/Ducommun.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%89lie_Ducommun,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun
Charles Albert Gobat,1902 - Peace,,,Male,,,Swiss Politician And Lawyer,"Charles Albert Gobat (May 21, 1843 – March 16, 1914) was a Swiss lawyer, educational administrator, and politician who jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize with Élie Ducommun in 1902 for their leadership of the Permanent International Peace Bureau.",1843,59,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Charles_Albert_Gobat2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Albert_Gobat,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat
Hendrik Lorentz,1902 - Physics,"Electromagnetic radiation, Lorentz force, Lorentz transformation, Length contraction",,Male,"Arnhem, Netherlands",Netherlands,,Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation equations subsequently used by Albert Einstein to describe space and time.,1853,49,Leiden University,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hendrik_Lorentz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz
Pieter Zeeman,1902 - Physics,Zeeman effect,,Male,"Zonnemaire, Netherlands",Netherlands,,Pieter Zeeman ( Dutch: [ˈzeːmɑn]; 25 May 1865 – 9 October 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect.,1865,37,Leiden University,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Pieter_Zeeman.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Pieter_Zeeman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman
Svante Arrhenius,1903 - Chemestry,"Arrhenius equation, Acid–base reaction, Dissociation (chemistry)",,Male,"Vik, Sweden",Sweden,,"Svante August Arrhenius (19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist, originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. He received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903 and in 1905 became director of the Nobel Institute where he remained until his death. The Arrhenius equation, Arrhenius definition of an acid, lunar crater Arrhenius and the Arrhenius Labs at Stockholm University are named after him.",1859,44,"Uppsala University, Stockholm University",Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Arrhenius2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Svante_Arrhenius,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson,1903 - Literature,,,Male,"Kvikne, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Writer,"Bjørnstjerne Martinius Bjørnson (8 December 1832 – 26 April 1910) was a Norwegian writer who received the 1903 Nobel Prize in Literature ""as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"". Bjørnson is considered to be one of The Four Greats ( De Fire Store ) among Norwegian writers, the others being Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie, and Alexander Kielland. Bjørnson is also celebrated for his lyrics to the Norwegian National Anthem, "" Ja, vi elsker dette landet "". ",1832,71,,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Bj%C3%B8rnson_bldsa_BB0803.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson
Niels Ryberg Finsen,1903 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Tórshavn, Faroe Islands",Faroe Islands,Physician And Scientist,"Niels Ryberg Finsen (December 15, 1860 – September 24, 1904) was a Faroese physician and scientist of Icelandic descent. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1903 ""in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science."" ",1860,43,,"Denmark, Faroe Islands",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//8/88/Niels_ryberg.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen
Randal Cremer,1903 - Peace,,,Male,"Fareham, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Politician,"Sir William Randal Cremer (18 March 1828 – 22 July 1908) usually known by his middle name ""Randal"", was an English Liberal Member of Parliament, a pacifist, and a leading advocate for international arbitration.",1828,75,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//1/1e/Cremer.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Randal_Cremer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randal_Cremer
Pierre Curie,1903 - Physics,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Chemist,"Pierre Curie ( French: [kyʁi]; 15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity. In 1903 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Skłodowska-Curie, and Henri Becquerel, ""in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"".",1859,44,Sorbonne,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Pierre_Curie_by_Dujardin_c1906.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Pierre_Curie,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Curie
Henri Becquerel,1903 - Physics,Radioactivity,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Physicist,"Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and the discoverer of radioactivity along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, for which all three won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics. The SI unit for radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named after him.",1852,51,"Institut des sciences et technologies de Paris, École Polytechnique",France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Portrait_of_Antoine-Henri_Becquerel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henri_Becquerel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Becquerel
Marie Curie,"1903 - Physics, 1911 - Chemestry","Polonium, Radium",,Female,"Warsaw, Poland",Poland,Physicist And Chemist,"Marie Skłodowska-Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person (and only woman) to win twice, the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.",1867,36,"University of Paris, Institut des sciences et technologies de Paris","France, France",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Marie_Curie_c1920.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Marie_Curie,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie
William Ramsay,1904 - Chemestry,Noble gas,,Male,"Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Sir William Ramsay KCB FRS FRSE (1852–1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 ""in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air"" (along with his collaborator, Lord Rayleigh, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics that same year for their discovery of argon ). After the two men identified argon, Ramsay investigated other atmospheric gases. His work in isolating argon, helium, neon, krypton and xenon led to the development of a new section of the periodic table. ",1852,52,"University of Strathclyde, University of Tübingen",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/William_Ramsay_working.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Ramsay,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ramsay
Frédéric Mistral,1904 - Literature,,,Male,"Maillane, France",France,French Writer And Lexicographer,"Frédéric Mistral ( Occitan: Frederic Mistral, 8 September 1830 – 25 March 1914) was a French writer and lexicographer of the Occitan language. Mistral received the 1904 Nobel Prize in Literature ""in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist"". He was a founding member of Félibrige and a member of l' Académie de Marseille.",1830,74,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Frederic_Mistral_portrait_photo.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral
José Echegaray,1904 - Literature,,,Male,"Madrid, Spain",Spain,Spanish Mathematician,"José Echegaray y Eizaguirre (April 19, 1832 – September 14, 1916) was a Spanish civil engineer, mathematician, statesman, and one of the leading Spanish dramatists of the last quarter of the 19th century. He was awarded the 1904 Nobel Prize for Literature ""in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"".",1832,72,,Spain,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//9/9b/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray_y_Eizaguirre.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Echegaray
Ivan Pavlov,1904 - Medicine / Physiology,"Classical conditioning, Transmarginal inhibition, Behavior modification",Physics,Male,"Ryazan, Russia",Russia,,"Ivan Petrovich Pavlov ( Russian: Ива́н Петро́вич Па́влов; IPA: [ɪˈvan pʲɪˈtrovʲɪt͡ɕ ˈpavləf]; 26 September [O.S. 14 September] 1849 – 27 February 1936) was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. From his childhood days Pavlov demonstrated intellectual brilliance along with an unusual energy which he named ""the instinct for research"". Inspired by the progressive ideas which D. I. Pisarev, the most eminent of the Russian literary critics of the 1860s and I. M. Sechenov, the father of Russian physiology, were spreading, Pavlov abandoned his religious career and decided to devote his life to science. In 1870 he enrolled in the physics and mathematics faculty at the University of Saint Petersburg to take the course in natural science. Ivan Pavlov devoted his life to the study of physiology and sciences, making several remarkable discoveries and ideas that were passed on from generation to generation. He won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904. ",1849,55,Saint Petersburg State University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Ivan_Pavlov_NLM3.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ivan_Pavlov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov
Institut de Droit International,1904 - Peace,,,,,,,"The Institut de Droit international ( IDI; French for ""Institute of International Law"") is an organization devoted to the study and development of international law, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers. In 1904 the Institute received the Nobel Peace Prize.",,,,Belgium,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Logo_of_Institut_de_Droit_International.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Institut_de_Droit_International,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_de_Droit_International
Lord Rayleigh,1904 - Physics,,,Male,"Maldon, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, OM, PRS ( /ˈreɪli/; 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was an English physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. He also discovered the phenomenon now called Rayleigh scattering, which can be used to explain why the sky is blue, and predicted the existence of the surface waves now known as Rayleigh waves. Rayleigh's textbook, The Theory of Sound, is still referred to by acoustic engineers today.",1842,62,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/John_William_Strutt.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh"
Adolf von Baeyer,1905 - Chemestry,Synthesis of indigo,,Male,Germany,Germany,Chemist,"Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer ( German: [ˈbaɪɐ]; October 31, 1835 – August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who synthesized indigo, and was the 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ",1835,70,Humboldt University of Berlin,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Adolf_von_Baeyer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer
Henryk Sienkiewicz,1905 - Literature,,,Male,"Wola Okrzejska, Poland",Poland,Polish Writer,"Henryk Adam Aleksander Pius Sienkiewicz ( Polish: [ˈxɛnrɨk ˈadam alɛˈksandɛr ˈpʲus ɕɛnˈkʲevʲit͡ʂ]; also known by the pseudonym ""Litwos"" [ˈlitfɔs]; 5 May 1846 – 15 November 1916) was a Polish journalist, Nobel Prize-winning novelist, and philanthropist. He is best remembered for his historical novels.",1846,59,,Poland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henryk_Sienkiewicz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz
Robert Koch,1905 - Medicine / Physiology,"Bacteriology, Isolation of anthrax, Isolation of Tuberculosis, Isolation of Cholera, Koch's postulates of germ theory",Microbiology,Male,"Clausthal, Germany",Germany,German Physician And Bacteriologist,"Robert Heinrich Herman Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a celebrated German physician and pioneering microbiologist. The founder of modern bacteriology, he is known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease. In addition to his trail-blazing studies on these diseases, Koch created and improved laboratory technologies and techniques in the field of microbiology, and made key discoveries in public health. His research led to the creation of Koch’s postulates, a series of four generalized principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases that remain today the “gold standard” in medical microbiology. As a result of his groundbreaking research on tuberculosis, Koch received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905. ",1843,62,University of Göttingen,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Robert_Koch_BeW.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Koch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Koch
Bertha von Suttner,1905 - Peace,,,Female,"Prague, Czech Republic",Czech Republic,Austro-hungarian Writer,"Bertha Felicitas Sophie Freifrau von Suttner (Baroness Bertha von Suttner, née Countess Kinsky, Gräfin Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau; 9 June 1843 – 21 June 1914) was an Austrian pacifist and novelist. In 1905 she was the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, thus being the second female Nobel laureate after Marie Curie s 1903 award. ",1843,62,,"Austria, Czech Republic",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Bertha_von_Suttner_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bertha_von_Suttner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner
Philipp Lenard,1905 - Physics,Cathode ray,Physics,Male,"Bratislava, Czech Republic",Czech Republic,German Physicist,"Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (June 7, 1862 – May 20, 1947), was a German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his research on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties. He was a nationalist and anti-Semite; as an active proponent of the Nazi ideology, he had supported Adolf Hitler in the 1920s and was an important role model for the "" Deutsche Physik "" movement during the Nazi period.",1862,43,Heidelberg University,"Austria, Germany",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Phillipp_Lenard_in_1900.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Philipp_Lenard,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Lenard
Henri Moissan,1906 - Chemestry,Isolation of fluorine,,Male,"Paris, France",France,,"Ferdinand Frederick Henri Moissan (September 28, 1852 – February 20, 1907) was a French chemist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. Moissan was one of the original members of the International Atomic Weights Committee.",1852,54,"École Pratique des Hautes études, Collège de Meaux",France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Henri_Moissan_HiRes.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henri_Moissan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Moissan
Giosuè Carducci,1906 - Literature,,,Male,"Pietrasanta, Italy",Italy,Italian Poet,"Giosuè Alessandro Giuseppe Carducci ( Italian: [dʒozuˈɛ karˈduttʃi]; 27 July 1835 – 16 February 1907) was an Italian poet and teacher. He was very influential and was regarded as the official national poet of modern Italy. In 1906 he became the first Italian to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature ""not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"".",1835,71,,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci
Camillo Golgi,1906 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Corteno, Italy",Italy,"Italian Neuroscientist And Anatomist, Anatomist","Camillo Golgi ( Italian: [kaˈmillo ˈɡɔldʒi]; 7 July 1843 – 21 January 1926) was an Italian physician, pathologist, scientist, and Nobel laureate. Several structures and phenomena in anatomy and physiology are named for him, including the Golgi apparatus, the Golgi tendon organ, and the Golgi tendon reflex.",1843,63,,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Camillo_Golgi.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Camillo_Golgi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Golgi
Santiago Ramón y Cajal,1906 - Medicine / Physiology,,Neuroscience,Male,"Aragon, Spain",Spain,Spanish Neuroscientist,"Santiago Ramón y Cajal ForMemRS ( Spanish: [sanˈtjaɣo raˈmon i kaˈxal]; 1 May 1852 – 18 October 1934) was a Spanish pathologist, histologist, neuroscientist and Nobel laureate. His original pioneering investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain have led him to be designated by many as the father of modern neuroscience. His medical artistry was legendary, and hundreds of his drawings illustrating the delicate arborizations of brain cells are still in use for educational and training purposes. ",1852,54,,Spain,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Cajal-Restored.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal
Theodore Roosevelt,1906 - Peace,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,,"Theodore ""T.R."" Roosevelt, Jr. ( /ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt ) (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was an American politician, author, naturalist, soldier, explorer, and historian who served as the 26th President of the United States. He was a leader of the Republican Party (GOP) and founder of the Progressive Party insurgency of 1912. He is known for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his ""cowboy"" persona and robust masculinity. Born into a wealthy family in New York City, Roosevelt was a sickly child who suffered from asthma. To overcome his physical weakness, he embraced a strenuous life. He was home-schooled and became an eager student of nature. He attended Harvard College where he studied biology, boxed, and developed an interest in naval affairs. He quickly entered politics, determined to become a member of the ruling class. In 1881 he was elected to the New York State Assembly, where he became a leader of the reform faction of the GOP. His book The Naval War of 1812 (1882) established him as a learned historian and writer.",1858,48,"Harvard University, Columbia University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/T_Roosevelt.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Theodore_Roosevelt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt
J. J. Thomson,1906 - Physics,"Plum pudding model, Mass-to-charge ratio, Thomson scattering, Thomson problem, Isotope, Delta ray, Thomson (unit), Epsilon radiation, Waveguide (electromagnetism)",,Male,"Cheetham Hill, Manchester, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Physicist,"Sir Joseph John ""J. J."" Thomson, OM, FRS ( /ˈtɒmsən/; 18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist.",1856,50,"University of Manchester, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/J.J_Thomson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/J._J._Thomson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson
Eduard Buchner,1907 - Chemestry,Mannich reaction,,Male,"Munich, Germany",Germany,German Biochemist,"Eduard Buchner (20 May 1860 – 13 August 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, awarded with the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation.",1860,47,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Eduardbuchner.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eduard_Buchner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Buchner
Rudyard Kipling,1907 - Literature,,,Male,"Mumbai, India",India,British Novelist And Poet,"Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( /ˈrʌdjərdˈkɪplɪŋ/ RUD-yəd KIP-ling; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English short-story writer, poet, and novelist. He wrote tales and poems of British soldiers in India and stories for children. He was born in Bombay, in the Bombay Presidency of British India, and was taken by his family to England when he was five years old. ",1865,42,,"India, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Rudyard_Kipling.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rudyard_Kipling,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran,1907 - Medicine / Physiology,Trypanosomiasis,"Parasitology, Tropical medicine",Male,"Paris, France",France,French Physician,"Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (18 June 1845 – 18 May 1922) was a French physician who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1907 for his discoveries of parasitic protozoans as causative agents of infectious diseases such as malaria and trypanosomiasis. Following his father, Louis Théodore Laveran, he took up military medicine as profession. He obtained his medical degree from University of Strasbourg in 1867.",1845,62,University of Strasbourg,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Charles_Laveran_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Louis_Alphonse_Laveran
Louis Renault,1907 - Peace,,,Male,,,French Jurist,"Louis Renault (May 21, 1843 – February 8, 1918) was a French jurist and educator, the cowinner in 1907 (with Ernesto Teodoro Moneta ) of the Nobel Prize for Peace.",1843,64,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//9/97/Louis_Renault_jurist.gif,http://dbpedia.org/page/Louis_Renault_(jurist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Renault_(jurist)
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta,1907 - Peace,,,Male,,,,"Ernesto Teodoro Moneta (September 20, 1833, Milan, Lombardy – February 10, 1918) was an Italian journalist, nationalist, revolutionary soldier and later a pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. He adopted the motto In varietate unitas!.",1833,74,,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta
Albert Abraham Michelson,1907 - Physics,"Speed of light, Michelson–Morley experiment",,Male,"Strzelno, Poland",Poland,,"Albert Abraham Michelson (surname pronunciation anglicized as ""Michael-son"", December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on the measurement of the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment. In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics. He became the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in sciences.",1852,55,"United States Naval Academy, Humboldt University of Berlin",Poland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albert_Abraham_Michelson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson
Ernest Rutherford,1908 - Chemestry,"Proton, Rutherford scattering, Rutherford model, Rutherford (unit), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry",,Male,"Spring Grove, New Zealand",New Zealand,New Zealander Nuclear Physicist,"Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OMFRS (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand-born British physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics. Encyclopædia Britannica considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867). ",1871,37,"University of Canterbury, University of Cambridge","Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Ernest_Rutherford_LOC.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ernest_Rutherford,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford
Rudolf Christoph Eucken,1908 - Literature,,,Male,"Aurich, Germany",Germany,German Philosopher,"Rudolf Christoph Eucken ( German: [ˈɔʏkn̩]; 5 January 1846 – 15 September 1926) was a German philosopher. He received the 1908 Nobel Prize for Literature ""in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"".",1846,62,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Eucken-im-Alter.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Christoph_Eucken
Paul Ehrlich,1908 - Medicine / Physiology,Autoimmunity,,Male,"Lower Silesia, Strzelin, Germany",Germany,German Biologist," Paul Ehrlich(help·info) (14 March 1854 – 20 August 1915) was a German Jewish physician and scientist who worked in the fields of hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy. He invented the precursor technique to Gram staining bacteria. The methods he developed for staining tissue made it possible to distinguish between different type of blood cells, which led to the capability to diagnose numerous blood diseases.",1854,54,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Paul_Ehrlich_4.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Ehrlich,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich
Élie Metchnikoff,1908 - Medicine / Physiology,Phagocytosis,,Male,"Ivanivka, Kupyanskyi Raion, Kharkiv Province, Ukraine",Ukraine,"Russian Biologist, Zoologist, And Protozoologist","Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov ( Russian: Илья́ Ильи́ч Ме́чников, Ukrainian: Ілля Ілліч Мечников, also seen as Élie Metchnikoff ) (15 May [O.S. 3 May] 1845 – 15 July 1916) was a Russian biologist, zoologist and protozoologist, best known for his pioneering research into the immune system. In particular, Mechnikov is credited with the discovery of macrophages in 1882. Mechnikov received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908, shared with Paul Ehrlich, for his work on phagocytosis. He is also credited by some sources with coining the term gerontology in 1903, for the emerging study of aging and longevity.",1845,63,,"Russia, Ukraine",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Ilya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lie_Metchnikoff
Fredrik Bajer,1908 - Peace,,,Male,,,Danish Politician,"Fredrik Bajer (April 21, 1837 – January 22, 1922) was a Danish writer, teacher, and pacifist politician who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908.",1837,71,,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Frederik_Bajer_by_E._M%C3%B8ller.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fredrik_Bajer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer
Klas Pontus Arnoldson,1908 - Peace,,,Male,,,Swedish Politician,"Klas Pontus Arnoldson (27 October 1844 – 20 February 1916) was a Swedish author, journalist, politician, and committed pacifist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1908. He was a founding member and the first chairman of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society.",1844,64,,Sweden,http:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/KParnoldson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson
Gabriel Lippmann,1908 - Physics,"Gabriel Lippmann, Lippmann electrometer, Integral imaging",,Male,"Hollerich, Luxembourg",Luxembourg,French Physicist,"Jonas Ferdinand Gabriel Lippmann (16 August 1845 – 13 July 1921) was a Franco - Luxembourgish physicist and inventor, and Nobel laureate in physics for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference.",1845,63,École Normale Supérieure,"France, Luxembourg",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Gabriel_Lippmann2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gabriel_Lippmann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann
Wilhelm Ostwald,1909 - Chemestry,"Mole (unit), Viscometer, Liesegang rings, Catalysis, Law of dilution, Ostwald process, Pipette, HSL and HSV, Polymorphism, Ostwald ripening, Ostwald–Freundlich equation",,Male,"Riga, Latvia",Latvia,German Physical Chemist,"Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald ( Latvian: Vilhelms Ostvalds; 2 September 1853 – 4 April 1932) was a Baltic German chemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria and reaction velocities. Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, and Svante Arrhenius are usually credited with being the modern founders of the field of physical chemistry.",1853,56,University of Tartu,"Germany, Latvia, Russia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Wilhelm_Ostwald.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wilhelm_Ostwald,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald
Selma Lagerlöf,1909 - Literature,,,Female,"Mårbacka, Värmland, Sweden",Sweden,Writer,"Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlöf ( Swedish: [ˈsɛlˈma ˈlɑːɡə(r)ˈløːv]; 20 November 1858 – 16 March 1940) was a Swedish author. She was the first female writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, and most widely known for her children's book Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige ( The Wonderful Adventures of Nils ).",1858,51,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f
Emil Theodor Kocher,1909 - Medicine / Physiology,Thyroid surgery,,Male,"Bern, Switzerland",Switzerland,"Swiss Physician, Medical Researcher","Emil Theodor Kocher (25 August 1841 – 27 July 1917) was a Swiss physician and medical researcher who received the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid. Among his many accomplishments are the introduction and promotion of aseptic surgery and scientific methods in surgery, specifically reducing the mortality of thyroidectomies below 1% in his operations.",1841,68,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Emil_Theodor_Kocher.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Emil_Theodor_Kocher,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher
Auguste Marie François Beernaert,1909 - Peace,,,Male,"Ostend, Netherlands",Netherlands,Belgian Politician,Auguste Marie François Beernaert (26 July 1829 – 6 October 1912) was the 14th Prime Minister of Belgium from October 1884 to March 1894.,1829,80,Heidelberg University,Belgium,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//e/e8/Beernaert.gif,http://dbpedia.org/page/Auguste_Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Beernaert,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Beernaert
Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant,1909 - Peace,,,Male,,,French Politician,"Paul-Henri-Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles, Baron de Constant de Rebecque (22 November 1852 – 15 May 1924), was a French diplomat and politician, advocate of international arbitration and winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize for Peace.",1852,57,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Paul_Balluet_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul-Henri-Benjamin_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri-Benjamin_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant
Guglielmo Marconi,1909 - Physics,Radio,,Male,"Palazzo Marescalchi, Bologna, Italy",Italy,Electrical Engineering,"Guglielmo Marconi, 1st Marquis of Marconi ( Italian: [ɡuʎˈʎɛlmo maɾˈkoːni]; 25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937) was an Italian inventor and electrical engineer, known for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for his development of Marconi's law and a radio telegraph system. He is often credited as the inventor of radio, and he shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics with Karl Ferdinand Braun ""in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"". An entrepreneur, businessman, and founder in Britain in 1897 of The Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (which became the Marconi Company ), Marconi succeeded in making a commercial success of radio by innovating and building on the work of previous experimenters and physicists. In 1929 the King of Italy ennobled Marconi as a Marchese (marquis).",1874,35,University of Bologna,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Guglielmo_Marconi.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Guglielmo_Marconi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi
Karl Ferdinand Braun,1909 - Physics,"Cathode ray tube, Cat's-whisker detector",,Male,"Fulda, Electorate of Hessen, Germany",Germany,German Inventor And Physicist,"Karl Ferdinand Braun (6 June 1850 – 20 April 1918) was a German inventor, physicist and Nobel laureate in physics. Braun contributed significantly to the development of the radio and television technology: he shared with Guglielmo Marconi the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics.",1850,59,"Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Marburg",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Ferdinand_Braun.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun
Otto Wallach,1910 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Königsberg, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,Otto Wallach (27 March 1847 – 26 February 1931) was a German chemist and recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on alicyclic compounds.,1847,63,University of Göttingen,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Voit_168_Otto_Wallach.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Otto_Wallach,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Wallach
Paul Heyse,1910 - Literature,,,Male,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,German Writer,"Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse (15 March 1830 – 2 April 1914) was a distinguished German writer and translator. A member of two important literary societies, the Tunnel über der Spree in Berlin and Die Krokodile in Munich, he wrote novels, poetry, 177 short stories, and about sixty dramas. The sum of Heyse's many and varied productions made him a dominant figure among German men of letters. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1910 ""as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories."" Wirsen, one of the Nobel judges, said that ""Germany has not had a greater literary genius since Goethe."" Heyse is the fourth oldest laureate in literature, after Doris Lessing, Theodor Mommsen and Jaroslav Seifert.",1830,80,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Adolf_Friedrich_Erdmann_von_Menzel_042.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Heyse,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Heyse
Albrecht Kossel,1910 - Medicine / Physiology,Nucleic acids,,Male,"Rostock, Germany",Germany,German Physiologist,"Ludwig Karl Martin Leonhard Albrecht Kossel (16 September 1853 – 5 July 1927) was a German biochemist and pioneer in the study of genetics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1910 for his work in determining the chemical composition of nucleic acids, the genetic substance of biological cells.",1853,57,"University of Rostock, University of Strasbourg",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Albrecht_Kossel_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albrecht_Kossel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel
International Peace Bureau,1910 - Peace,,,,,,,"International Peace Bureau (IPB) (French: Bureau International de la Paix), founded in 1891, is one of the world's oldest international peace federation. IPB was founded under the name Permanent International Peace Bureau (Bureau International Permanent de la Paix). From 1912 onward it used the name International Peace Bureau. Between 1946 and 1961, it was known under the name International Liaison Committee of Organizations for Peace – ILCOP (Comité de liaison international des organisations de paix – CLIOP). The organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910 ""[For acting] as a link between the peace societies of the various countries"". In 1913 Henri La Fontaine was also awarded the Prize ""[For his work as] head of the International Peace Bureau"". As of 2012, eleven other Nobel Peace Prize laureates have been members of the IPB.",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//6/66/Current_IPB_Logo.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/International_Peace_Bureau,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau
Johannes Diderik van der Waals,1910 - Physics,"Van der Waals force, Van der Waals equation",,Male,"Leiden, Netherlands",Netherlands,,Johannes Diderik van der Waals ( Dutch pronunciation: [joːˈɦɑnəs ˈdidəˌrɪk vɑn dər ʋaːls]; 23 November 1837 – 8 March 1923) was a Dutch theoretical physicist and thermodynamicist famous for his work on an equation of state for gases and liquids.,1837,73,Leiden University,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals
Maurice Maeterlinck,1911 - Literature,,,Male,"Ghent, Belgium",Belgium,Belgian Writer,"Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (also called Comte (Count) Maeterlinck from 1932; French pronunciation: [mo.ʁis ma.tɛʁ.lɛ̃ːk] in Belgium, [mɛ.teʁ.lɛ̃ːk] in France; 29 August 1862 – 6 May 1949) was a Belgian playwright, poet, and essayist who was a Fleming, but wrote in French. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1911 ""in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations"". The main themes in his work are death and the meaning of life. His plays form an important part of the Symbolist movement.",1862,49,Ghent University,Belgium,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Maurice_Maeterlinck_2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Maurice_Maeterlinck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Maeterlinck
Allvar Gullstrand,1911 - Medicine / Physiology,,Ophthalmology,Male,"Landskrona, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Ophthalmologist,Allvar Gullstrand (5 June 1862 – 28 July 1930) was a Swedish ophthalmologist and optician.,1862,49,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Allvar_Gullstrand.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Allvar_Gullstrand,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand
Alfred Hermann Fried,1911 - Peace,,,Male,,,Austrian Journalist And Pacifist,"Alfred Hermann Fried (11 November 1864 – 5 May 1921) was an Austrian Jewish pacifist, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner (with Tobias Asser ) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1911.",1864,47,,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Alfred_Hermann_Fried_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alfred_Hermann_Fried,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried
Tobias Asser,1911 - Peace,,,Male,"Amsterdam, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Lawyer And Legal Scholar,"Tobias Michel Karel Asser (28 April 1838 – 29 July 1913) was a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar of Jewish background, cowinner (with Alfred Fried ) of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1911 for his role in the formation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at the first Hague peace conference (1899).",1838,73,"Leiden University, University of Amsterdam",Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/TMCasser.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Tobias_Asser,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias_Asser
Wilhelm Wien,1911 - Physics,"Wien's displacement law, Black-body radiation",,Male,"Primorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia",Russia,,"Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien ( German: [ˈviːn]; 13 January 1864 – 30 August 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature.",1864,47,"University of Göttingen, Humboldt University of Berlin",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Wilhelm_Wien_1911.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wilhelm_Wien,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien
Paul Sabatier,1912 - Chemestry,Heterogeneous catalysis,,Male,"Carcassonne, France",France,French Chemist,"Paul Sabatier FRS ( French:; 5 November 1854 – 14 August 1941) was a French chemist, born in Carcassonne. In 1912, Sabatier was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Victor Grignard. Sabatier was honoured specifically for his work improving the hydrogenation of organic species in the presence of metals.",1854,58,Collège de France,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Paul_Sabatier.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)
Victor Grignard,1912 - Chemestry,Grignard reaction,,Male,"Cherbourg-Octeville, France",France,French Chemist,"François Auguste Victor Grignard (May 6, 1871 in Cherbourg - December 13, 1935 in Lyon ) was a Nobel Prize -winning French chemist.",1871,41,University of Lyon,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Viktor-grignard.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Victor_Grignard,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Grignard
Gerhart Hauptmann,1912 - Literature,,,Male,"Szczawno-Zdrój, Poland",Poland,German Dramatist,"Gerhart Hauptmann (15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into his work. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1912.",1862,50,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Gerhart_Hauptmann_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gerhart_Hauptmann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhart_Hauptmann
Alexis Carrel,1912 - Medicine / Physiology,"Vascular sutures, Transplantology, Thoracic surgery",,Male,"Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France",France,French Surgeon And Biologist,Alexis Carrel ( French: [alɛksi kaʁɛl]; 28 June 1873 – 5 November 1944) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques. He invented the first perfusion pump with Charles A. Lindbergh opening the way to organ transplantation. Like many intellectuals before World War II he promoted eugenics. He was a regent for the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems during Vichy France which implemented the eugenics policies there; his association with the Foundation led to investigations of collaborating with the Nazis but no conclusions were reached by the investigations. He faced constant media attacks towards the end of his life over his alleged involvement with the Nazis.,1873,39,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Alexis_Carrel_02.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alexis_Carrel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexis_Carrel
Elihu Root,1912 - Peace,,,Male,"Clinton, Oneida County, New York, United States",United States of America,American Politician,"Elihu Root ( /ˈɛlɨhjuːˈruːt/; February 15, 1845 – February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the Secretary of War (1899–1904) under two presidents, including President Theodore Roosevelt. He was the prototype of the 20th century revolving door, shuttled between high-level appointed government positions in Washington, D.C. and private-sector legal practice in New York City. He was elected by the state legislature as a US Senator from New York and served one term, 1909–1915. Root was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1912.",1845,67,"Hamilton College, New York University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Elihu_Root%2C_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1902.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Elihu_Root,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elihu_Root
Gustaf Dalén,1912 - Physics,Sun valve and other lighthouse regulators,"Physics, Mechanical engineering",Male,"Västergötland, Stenstorp, Sweden",Sweden,,"Nils Gustaf Dalén (30 November 1869 – 9 December 1937) was a Swedish Nobel Laureate and industrialist, the founder of the AGA company and inventor of the AGA cooker and the Dalén light. In 1912 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys "".",1869,43,"University of Zurich, Chalmers University of Technology",Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n
Alfred Werner,1913 - Chemestry,Configuration of transition metal complexes,Inorganic chemistry,Male,"Alsace, Mulhouse, Switzerland",Switzerland,Swiss Chemist And Nobel Laureate,"Alfred Werner (12 December 1866 - 15 November 1919) was a Swiss chemist who was a student at ETH Zurich and a professor at the University of Zurich. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1913 for proposing the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes. Werner developed the basis for modern coordination chemistry. He was the first inorganic chemist to win the Nobel prize, and the only one prior to 1973. ",1866,47,"ETH Zurich, University of Zurich","France, Switzerland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Alfred_Werner.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alfred_Werner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Werner
Rabindranath Tagore,1913 - Literature,,,Male,"Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Kolkata, India",India,,"Rabindranath Tagore β[›] ( Bengali pronunciation: [rəˈbindrəˈnɑt ˈtɑɡɔr]  ), also written Rabīndranātha Thākura ( pronounced: [rəˈbindrəˈnɑtə ˈtɑkʊrə] ), (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), γ[›] sobriquet Gurudev, δ[›] was a Bengali polymath who reshaped Bengali literature and music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Author of Gitanjali and its ""profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse"", he became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. In translation his poetry was viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his ""elegant prose and magical poetry"" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. Tagore introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language into Bengali literature, thereby freeing it from traditional models based on classical Sanskrit. He was highly influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the West and vice versa, and he is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of the modern Indian subcontinent, being highly commemorated in India and Bangladesh, as well as in Sri Lanka, Nepal and Pakistan. ",1861,52,,India,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Tagore3.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rabindranath_Tagore,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore
Charles Richet,1913 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Physiologist,"Charles Robert Richet (25 August 1850 – 4 December 1935) was a French physiologist who initially investigated a variety of subjects such as neurochemistry, digestion, thermoregulation in homeothermic animals, and breathing. He won the Nobel Prize ""in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis "" in 1913. ",1850,63,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Charles_Robert_Richet_3.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Richet,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richet
Henri La Fontaine,1913 - Peace,,,Male,"Brussels, Belgium",Belgium,Belgian Lawyer,"Henri La Fontaine ( French pronunciation: ​ [lafɔ̃ˈtɛn]; 22 April 1854 – 14 May 1943), was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913.",1854,59,,Belgium,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/HenriLaFontaine.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henri_La_Fontaine,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes,1913 - Physics,"Superconductivity, Rollin film, Virial Equation of State",,Male,"Groningen, Netherlands",Netherlands,Physicist,"Heike Kamerlingh Onnes ( Dutch: [ˈɔnəs]; 21 September 1853 – 21 February 1926) was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate. He exploited the Hampson-Linde cycle to investigate how materials behave when cooled to nearly absolute zero and later to liquefy helium for the first time. His production of extreme cryogenic temperatures led to his discovery of superconductivity in 1911: for certain materials, electrical resistance abruptly vanishes at very low temperatures. ",1853,60,"Heidelberg University, University of Groningen",Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Kamerlingh_Onnes_signed.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes
Theodore William Richards,1914 - Chemestry,"Electrochemistry, Thermochemistry, Atomic weights",,Male,"Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States",United States of America,United States Chemist,"Theodore William Richards (January 31, 1868 – April 2, 1928) was the first American scientist to receive the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, earning the award ""in recognition of his exact determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of the chemical elements."" ",1868,46,"Haverford College, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Richards_Theodore_William_lab.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Theodore_William_Richards,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards
Robert Bárány,1914 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,,Róbert Bárány (22 April 1876 – 8 April 1936) was an Austro - Hungarian otologist. For his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus of the ear he received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.,1876,38,University of Vienna,"Austria, Hungary",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Robert_Barany.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny
Max von Laue,1914 - Physics,Diffraction of X-rays,,Male,"Pfaffendorf, Germany",Germany,,"Max Theodor Felix von Laue (9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals. In addition to his scientific endeavors with contributions in optics, crystallography, quantum theory, superconductivity, and the theory of relativity, he had a number of administrative positions which advanced and guided German scientific research and development during four decades. A strong objector to National Socialism, he was instrumental in re-establishing and organizing German science after World War II.",1879,35,"University of Göttingen, Humboldt University of Berlin, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, University of Strasbourg",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-U0205-502%2C_Max_von_Laue.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Max_von_Laue,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_von_Laue
Richard Willstätter,1915 - Chemestry,Organic chemistry,Physical chemistry,Male,"Karlsruhe, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,"Richard Martin Willstätter, ForMemRS (13 August 1872 – 3 August 1942) was a German organic chemist whose study of the structure of plant pigments, chlorophyll included, won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Willstätter invented paper chromatography independently of Mikhail Tsvet. ",1872,43,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter
Romain Rolland,1915 - Literature,,,Male,"Nièvre, Clamecy, Nièvre, France",France,French Writer,"Romain Rolland ( French: [ʁɔlɑ̃]; 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French dramatist, novelist, essayist, art historian and mystic who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1915 ""as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"". ",1866,49,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Romain_Rolland-1914.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Romain_Rolland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romain_Rolland
William Henry Bragg,1915 - Physics,X-ray scattering techniques,,Male,"Wigton, Cumberland, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Scientist,"Sir William Henry Bragg OM, KBE, PRS (2 July 1862 – 10 March 1942) was a British physicist, chemist, mathematician and active sportsman who uniquely shared a Nobel Prize with his son William Lawrence Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics: ""for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays"". The mineral Braggite is named after him and his son. He was knighted in 1920.",1862,53,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/William_Henry_Bragg_Nobel_bw.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Henry_Bragg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg
William Lawrence Bragg,1915 - Physics,Bragg's law,,Male,"North Adelaide, Australia",Australia,Englishphysicist,"Sir William Lawrence Bragg CH OBE MC FRS (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of the Bragg law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure. He was joint winner (with his father, William Henry Bragg ) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915: ""For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-ray"" an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography. He was knighted in 1941. To date, Lawrence Bragg is the youngest Nobel Laureate, having received the award at the age of 25. He was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, when the discovery of the structure of DNA was reported by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in February 1953.",1890,25,University of Adelaide,"Australia, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Wl-bragg.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Lawrence_Bragg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg
Verner von Heidenstam,1916 - Literature,,,Male,"Olshammar, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Writer,"Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam (6 July 1859 – 20 May 1940) was a Swedish poet, novelist and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1916. He was a member of the Swedish Academy from 1912. His poems and prose work are filled with a great joy of life, sometimes imbued with a love of Swedish history and scenery, particularly its physical aspects.",1859,57,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Johan_Krouth%C3%A9n_-_Portr%C3%A4tt_av_Verner_von_Heidenstam.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Verner_von_Heidenstam,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verner_von_Heidenstam
Karl Adolph Gjellerup,1917 - Literature,,,Male,"Roholte vicarage at Præstø, Denmark",Denmark,Danish Writer,"Karl Gjellerup (June 2, 1857 – October 13, 1919) was a Danish poet and novelist who together with his compatriot Henrik Pontoppidan won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1917. He belonged to the Modern Break-Through. He occasionally used the pseudonym Epigonos.",1857,60,,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Karl_Gjellerup.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Adolph_Gjellerup
Henrik Pontoppidan,1917 - Literature,,,Male,"Fredericia, Denmark",Denmark,Writer,"Henrik Pontoppidan (24 July 1857 – 21 August 1943) was a Danish realist writer who shared with Karl Gjellerup the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1917 for ""his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark."" Pontoppidan's novels and short stories — informed with a desire for social progress but despairing, later in his life, of its realization — present an unusually comprehensive picture of his country and his epoch. As a writer he was an interesting figure, distancing himself both from the conservative environment in which he was brought up and from his socialist contemporaries and friends. He was the youngest and in many ways the most original and influential member of the Modern Break-Through.",1857,60,,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Henrik_Pontoppidan_1913.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henrik_Pontoppidan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Pontoppidan
International Committee of the Red Cross,"1917 - Peace, 1944 - Peace, 1963 - Peace",,,,,,,"The International Committee of the Red Cross ( ICRC ) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties (signatories) to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977 ( Protocol I, Protocol II ) and 2005 have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and internal armed conflicts. Such victims include war wounded, prisoners, refugees, civilians, and other non-combatants. ",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Flag_of_the_ICRC.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross
Charles Glover Barkla,1917 - Physics,X-ray spectroscopy,,Male,"Cheshire, Widnes, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Physicist,"Charles Glover Barkla FRS (7 June 1877 – 23 October 1944) was a British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917 for his work in X-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of X-rays ( Roentgen rays ). ",1877,40,"University of Liverpool, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Charles_Glover_Barkla_01.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Glover_Barkla,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla
Fritz Haber,1918 - Chemestry,"Chemical warfare, Fertilizer, Explosive material, Haber process, Haber–Weiss reaction",,Male,"Breslau, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,"Fritz Haber ( German: [ˈhaːbɐ]; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist of Jewish origin who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. The food production for half the world's current population depends on this method for producing fertilizer. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid.",1868,50,"Heidelberg University, Humboldt University of Berlin, Technical University of Berlin",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Fritz_Haber.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fritz_Haber,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber
Max Planck,1918 - Physics,"Planck's law, Planck constant, Planck postulate",,Male,"Kiel, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, FRS (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was a German theoretical physicist who originated quantum theory, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. ",1858,60,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Max_Planck_1933.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Max_Planck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck
Carl Spitteler,1919 - Literature,,,Male,"Liestal, Switzerland",Switzerland,Swiss Writer,"Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler (24 April 1845 – 29 December 1924) was a Swiss poet who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1919 ""in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring "". His work includes both pessimistic and heroic poems.",1845,74,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Carl_Spitteler_1919.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carl_Spitteler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Spitteler
Jules Bordet,1919 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Soignies, Belgium",Belgium,"Immunologist, Microbiologist",Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet (13 June 1870 – 6 April 1961) was a Belgian immunologist and microbiologist. The bacterial genus Bordetella is named after him.,1870,49,,Belgium,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Jules_Bordet_signed.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jules_Bordet,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Bordet
Woodrow Wilson,1919 - Peace,,,Male,"Staunton, Virginia, United States",United States of America,,"Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States from 1913 to 1921 and leader of the Progressive Movement. He served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910 and was Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913. He led his Democratic Party to win control of both the White House and Congress in 1912.",1856,63,"Johns Hopkins University, Princeton University, Davidson College, University of Virginia",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/President_Woodrow_Wilson_portrait_December_2_1912.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Woodrow_Wilson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson
Johannes Stark,1919 - Physics,Stark effect,,Male,"Freihung, Germany",Germany,,"Johannes Stark (15 April 1874 – 21 June 1957) was a German physicist, and Physics Nobel Prize laureate who was closely involved with the Deutsche Physik movement under the Nazi regime.",1874,45,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Johannes_Stark.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Johannes_Stark,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Stark
Walther Nernst,1920 - Chemestry,"Nernst glower, Nernst equation, Nernst heat theorem, Third law of thermodynamics, Reversal potential, Nernst effect, Nernst lamp, Nernst–Planck equation",,Male,"Pomerania, Wąbrzeźno, Germany",Germany,German Scientist,"Walther Hermann Nernst, ForMemRS (25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Nernst helped establish the modern field of physical chemistry and contributed to electrochemistry, thermodynamics and solid state physics. He is also known for developing the Nernst equation.",1864,56,"Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Würzburg, University of Zurich, University of Graz",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Walther_Nernst_SI.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Walther_Nernst,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Nernst
Knut Hamsun,1920 - Literature,,,Male,"Lom, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Writer,"Knut Hamsun (August 4, 1859 – February 19, 1952) was a Norwegian author, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920. Hamsun's work spans more than 70 years and shows variation with regard to the subject, perspective and environment. He published more than 20 novels, a collection of poetry, some short stories and plays, a travelogue, and some essays.",1859,61,,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Hamsun_bldsa_HA0341.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Knut_Hamsun,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knut_Hamsun
August Krogh,1920 - Medicine / Physiology,Krogh's principle,,Male,,,Danish Physiologist,"Schack August Steenberg Krogh ForMemRS (November 15, 1874 – September 13, 1949) was a Danish professor at the department of zoophysiology at the University of Copenhagen from 1916-1945. He contributed a number of fundamental discoveries within several fields of physiology, and is famous for developing the Krogh Principle. ",1874,46,,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/August_Krogh_Bain_32006.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/August_Krogh,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_Krogh
Léon Bourgeois,1920 - Peace,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,,"Léon Victor Auguste Bourgeois ( French: [leɔ̃ buʁʒwa]; 21 May 1851 – 29 September 1925) was a French statesman. His ideas influenced the Radical Party regarding a wide range of issues. He promoted progressive taxation such as progressive income taxes and social insurance schemes, along with economic equality, expanded educational opportunities, and cooperatives. In foreign policy, he called for a strong League of Nations, and the maintenance of peace through compulsory arbitration, controlled disarmament, economic sanctions, and perhaps an international military force.",1851,69,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//d/df/Bourgeoi.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois
Charles Édouard Guillaume,1920 - Physics,"Elinvar, Invar",,Male,"Fleurier, Switzerland",Switzerland,,"Charles Édouard Guillaume (15 February 1861, Fleurier, Switzerland – 13 May 1938, Sèvres, France) was a Swiss physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys.",1861,59,ETH Zurich,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Guillaume_1920.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume
Frederick Soddy,1921 - Chemestry,"Nuclear transmutation of radioelements, Radioisotopes, Coining the term isotope, Thermoeconomics, Ergosophy, Radioactive displacement law of Fajans and Soddy, Soddy's hexlet, Soddy circles","Radiochemistry, Economics",Male,"Eastbourne, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Chemist,"Frederick Soddy FRS (2 September 1877 – 22 September 1956) was an English radiochemist who explained, with Ernest Rutherford, that radioactivity is due to the transmutation of elements, now known to involve nuclear reactions. He also proved the existence of isotopes of certain radioactive elements. ",1877,44,"University of Oxford, Aberystwyth University",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Frederick_Soddy.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frederick_Soddy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Soddy
Anatole France,1921 - Literature,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Novelist,"Anatole France ( pronounced: [anatɔl fʁɑ̃s]; born François-Anatole Thibault, [frɑ̃swa anatɔl tibo]; 16 April 1844 – 12 October 1924) was a French poet, journalist, and novelist. He was born in Paris, and died in Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire. He was a successful novelist, with several best-sellers. Ironic and skeptical, he was considered in his day the ideal French man of letters. He was a member of the Académie française, and won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Literature ""in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament"".",1844,77,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Anatole_France_young_years.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Anatole_France,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_France
Christian Lous Lange,1921 - Peace,,,Male,,,Norwegian Historian And Political Scientist,"Christian Lous Lange (17 September 1869 – 11 December 1938) was a Norwegian historian, teacher, and political scientist. He was one of the world's foremost exponents of the theory and practice of internationalism.",1869,52,,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Christian_Lous_Lange.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Christian_Lous_Lange,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange
Hjalmar Branting,1921 - Peace,,,Male,"Stockholm, Sweden",Sweden,Prime Minister Of Sweden,"Karl Hjalmar Branting(help·info) (23 November 1860 – 24 February 1925) was a Swedish politician. He was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party (1907–1925), and Prime Minister during three separate periods (1920, 1921–1923, and 1924–1925). When Branting came to power in 1920, he was the first Social Democratic Prime Minister of Sweden. When he took office for a second term after the general election of 1921, he became the first socialist politician in Europe to do so following elections with universal suffrage.In 1921, Sweden's Prime Minister Hjalmar Branting shared the Peace Prize with the Norwegian secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, Christian Lange.",1860,61,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Hjalmar_branting_stor_bild.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hjalmar_Branting,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting
Albert Einstein,1921 - Physics,"General relativity and special relativity, Photoelectric effect, Mass-energy equivalence, Theory of Brownian Motion, Einstein field equations, Bose–Einstein statistics, Bose–Einstein condensate, Bose–Einstein correlations, Unified Field Theory, EPR paradox",,Male,"Ulm, Germany",Germany,,"Albert Einstein ( /ˈælbərtˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn]; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist and philosopher of science. He developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics ). He is best known in popular culture for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2 (which has been dubbed ""the world's most famous equation""). He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect "". The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory.",1879,42,"ETH Zurich, University of Zurich","Germany, Switzerland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Einstein_1921_by_F_Schmutzer_-_restoration.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albert_Einstein,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein
Francis William Aston,1922 - Chemestry,"Mass spectrometry, Whole number rule",,Male,"Birmingham, Harborne, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Chemist,"Francis William Aston FRS (1 September 1877 – 20 November 1945) was a British chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole number rule. and Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. ",1877,45,"University of Cambridge, University of Birmingham",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//c/c6/Francis_William_Aston.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Francis_William_Aston,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_William_Aston
Jacinto Benavente,1922 - Literature,,,Male,"Madrid, Spain",Spain,,"Jacinto Benavente y Martínez (12 August 1866 – 14 July 1954) was one of the foremost Spanish dramatists of the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1922 ""for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"".",1866,56,,Spain,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Jacinto_Benavente_y_Martinez.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jacinto_Benavente,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente
Otto Fritz Meyerhof,1922 - Medicine / Physiology,Oxygen consumption and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle,"Physics, Biochemistry",Male,"Hanover, Germany",Germany,German Biochemist,"Otto Fritz Meyerhof ForMemRS (April 12, 1884 – October 6, 1951) was a German physician and biochemist. ",1884,38,"Heidelberg University, University of Strasbourg",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof
Archibald Hill,1922 - Medicine / Physiology,"Hill equation, Hill's muscle model, Founding biophysics, Mechanical work in muscles","Physiology, Biophysics",Male,"Bristol, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Physiologist And Biophysicist,"Archibald Vivian Hill, CH, OBE, FRS (26 September 1886 – 3 June 1977), known as A. V. Hill, was an English physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research. He shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of heat and mechanical work in muscles. ",1886,36,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Archibald_Vivian_Hill.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Archibald_Hill,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Hill
Fridtjof Nansen,1922 - Peace,,,Male,"Store Frøen, Christiania, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Explorer,"Fridtjof Nansen ( /ˈfrɪd.tjɒfˈnænsən/ FRID-choff NAN-sən; 10 October 1861 – 13 May 1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In his youth a champion skier and ice skater, he led the team that made the first crossing of the Greenland interior in 1888, and won international fame after reaching a record northern latitude of 86°14′ during his North Pole expedition of 1893–96. Although he retired from exploration after his return to Norway, his techniques of polar travel and his innovations in equipment and clothing influenced a generation of subsequent Arctic and Antarctic expeditions.",1861,61,,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Fridtjof_Nansen_LOC_03377u-3.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fridtjof_Nansen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen
Niels Bohr,1922 - Physics,,,Male,"Copenhagen, Denmark",Denmark,,"Niels Henrik David Bohr ( Danish: [ˈnels ˈboɐ̯ˀ]; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research. ",1885,37,University of Copenhagen,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Niels_Bohr.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Niels_Bohr,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Bohr
Fritz Pregl,1923 - Chemestry,Microelemental analysis,,Male,"Ljubljana, Slovenia",Slovenia,Austrian Chemist,"Fritz Pregl (in Slovene also Friderik Pregl) (3 September 1869 – 13 December 1930), was a Slovenian and Austrian chemist and physician from a mixed Slovene - German -speaking background. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1923 for making important contributions to quantitative organic microanalysis, one of which was the improvement of the combustion train technique for elemental analysis.",1869,54,University of Graz,"Austria, Slovenia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Fritz_Pregl.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fritz_Pregl,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Pregl
W. B. Yeats,1923 - Literature,,,Male,"County Dublin, Sandymount, Ireland",Ireland,Irish Poet And Playwright,"William Butler Yeats ( /ˈjeɪts/; 13 June 1865 – 28 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, in his later years he served as an Irish Senator for two terms. Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival and, along with Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn, and others, founded the Abbey Theatre, where he served as its chief during its early years. In 1923 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature as the first Irishman so honoured for what the Nobel Committee described as ""inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation."" Yeats is generally considered one of the few writers who completed their greatest works after being awarded the Nobel Prize; such works include The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929). Yeats was a very good friend of American expatriate poet and Bollingen Prize laureate Ezra Pound. Yeats wrote the introduction for Rabindranath Tagore s Gitanjali, which was published by the India Society. ",1865,58,,Ireland,http:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Yeats_Boughton.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/W._B._Yeats,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._B._Yeats
Frederick Banting,1923 - Medicine / Physiology,Insulin,,Male,"Alliston, Canada",Canada,Medical Scientist,"Sir Frederick Grant Banting, KBE, MC, FRS, FRSC (November 14, 1891 – February 21, 1941) was a Canadian medical scientist, doctor, painter and Nobel laureate noted as the first person that used insulin on humans. ",1891,32,University of Toronto,Canada,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Fredrick_banting.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frederick_Banting,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Banting
John James Rickard Macleod,1923 - Medicine / Physiology,Insulin,Medicine,Male,"Perthshire, Scotland, Clunie, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Scottish Physician And Physiologist,"John James Rickard Macleod, FRS (6 September 1876 – 16 March 1935) was a Scottish biochemist and physiologist. He devoted his career to diverse topics in physiology and biochemistry, but was chiefly interested in carbohydrate metabolism. He is noted for his role in the discovery and isolation of insulin during his tenure as a lecturer at the University of Toronto, for which he and Frederick Banting received the 1923 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine. Awarding the prize to Macleod was controversial at the time, because according to Banting's version of events, Macleod's role in the discovery was negligible. It was not until decades after the events that an independent review acknowledged a far greater role than was attributed to him at first. ",1876,47,University of Aberdeen,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/J.J.R._Macleod_ca._1928.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_James_Rickard_Macleod,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_James_Rickard_Macleod
Robert Andrews Millikan,1923 - Physics,"Charge of the electron, Cosmic rays",,Male,"Morrison, Illinois, United States",United States of America,,"Robert A. Millikan (March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist honored with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for his measurement of the elementary electronic charge and for his work on the photoelectric effect.",1868,55,"Columbia University, Oberlin College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Robert_Andrews_Millikan.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Andrews_Millikan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan
Władysław Reymont,1924 - Literature,,,Male,"Radomsko, Poland",Poland,Polish Novelist,"Władysław Stanisław Reymont (May 7, 1867 – December 5, 1925) was a Polish novelist and the 1924 laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best-known work is the award-winning four-volume novel Chłopi (The Peasants).",1867,57,,Poland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Wladyslaw_Reymont_1924.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Reymont
Willem Einthoven,1924 - Medicine / Physiology,Electrocardiography,,Male,"Semarang, Indonesia",Indonesia,Dutch Physiologist,Willem Einthoven (21 May 1860 – 29 September 1927) was a Dutch doctor and physiologist. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it.,1860,64,Utrecht University,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Willem_Einthoven.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Willem_Einthoven,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_Einthoven
Manne Siegbahn,1924 - Physics,,,Male,"Örebro, Sweden",Sweden,,"Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn ForMemRS (3 December 1886 – 26 September 1978) was a Swedish physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 ""for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy "". ",1886,38,Lund University,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/1924_Karl_Manne_Siegbahn.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Manne_Siegbahn,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy,1925 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,Austrian Chemist,"Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (1 April 1865 – 23 September 1929) was an Austrian - Hungarian chemist. He was known for his research in colloids, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1925. The crater Zsigmondy on the Moon is named in his honour.",1865,60,"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Vienna University of Technology","Austria, Hungary",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en9/9b/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy
George Bernard Shaw,1925 - Literature,,,Male,"Dublin, Ireland",Ireland,"Irish Playwright, Critic, And Political Activist","George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950) was an Irish playwright and a co-founder of the London School of Economics. Although his first profitable writing was music and literary criticism, in which capacity he wrote many highly articulate pieces of journalism, his main talent was for drama, and he wrote more than 60 plays. He was also an essayist, novelist and short story writer. Nearly all his writings address prevailing social problems with a vein of comedy which makes their stark themes more palatable. Issues which engaged Shaw's attention included education, marriage, religion, government, health care, and class privilege.",1856,69,,Ireland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/George_Bernard_Shaw_1936.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Bernard_Shaw,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw
Austen Chamberlain,1925 - Peace,,,Male,"Birmingham, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Politician,"Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain KG (16 October 1863 – 17 March 1937) was a British statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, and half-brother of Neville Chamberlain.",1863,62,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Laszlo_-_The_Rt._Hon._Sir_Austen_Chamberlain.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Austen_Chamberlain,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain
Charles G. Dawes,1925 - Peace,,,Male,"Ohio, Marietta, Ohio, United States",United States of America,"United States Army, General Officer","Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 – April 23, 1951) was an American banker and politician who was the 30th Vice President of the United States (1925–1929). For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations he was a cowinner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925. Dawes served in the First World War, was the Comptroller of the Currency, the first director of the Bureau of the Budget, and, in later life, the Ambassador to the United Kingdom.",1865,60,"University of Cincinnati, Marietta College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Chas_G_Dawes-H%26E.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_G._Dawes,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes
Gustav Ludwig Hertz,1925 - Physics,,,Male,"Hamburg, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Gustav Ludwig Hertz (22 July 1887 – 30 October 1975) was a German experimental physicist and Nobel Prize winner, and a nephew of Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.",1887,38,Humboldt University of Berlin,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Gustav_Hertz.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz
James Franck,1925 - Physics,"Franck–Hertz experiment, Franck–Condon principle",,Male,"Hamburg, Germany",Germany,,James Franck (26 August 1882 – 21 May 1964) was a German physicist and Nobel laureate.,1882,43,"Heidelberg University, Humboldt University of Berlin",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/James_Franck.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Franck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Franck
Theodor Svedberg,1926 - Chemestry,"Colloid, Ultracentrifuge",,Male,"Valbo, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Chemist,"Theodor (""The"") Svedberg (30 August 1884 – 25 February 1971) was a Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate, active at Uppsala University.",1884,42,Uppsala University,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/The-svedberg-1.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Theodor_Svedberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg
Grazia Deledda,1926 - Literature,,,Female,"Nuoro, Italy",Italy,Italian Writer,"Grazia Deledda (27 September 1871 – 15 August 1936) was an Italian writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926 ""for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"". She was the first Italian woman to receive this honor. ",1871,55,,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Grazia_Deledda_1926.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Grazia_Deledda,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grazia_Deledda
Johannes Fibiger,1926 - Medicine / Physiology,Cancer research,,Male,"Silkeborg, Denmark",Denmark,Danish Physician,"Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger (23 April 1867 – 30 January 1928) was a Danish scientist, physician, and professor of pathological anatomy who won the 1926 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Fibiger had claimed to find an organism he called Spiroptera carcinoma that caused cancer in mice and rats. He received a Nobel prize for this discovery. Later, it was shown that this specific organism was not the primary cause of the tumors. Moreover, Katsusaburo Yamagiwa, only two years later in 1915 successfully induced squamous cell carcinoma by painting crude coal tar on the inner surface of rabbits' ears. Yamagiwa's work has become the primary basis for this line of research. Because of this, some consider Fibiger's Nobel Prize to be undeserved particularly because Yamagiwa did not receive the prize. Encyclopædia Britannica s guide to Nobel Prizes in cancer research mentions Yamagiwa's work as a milestone without mentioning Fibiger. ",1867,59,,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/J_Fibiger.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Johannes_Fibiger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger
Gustav Stresemann,1926 - Peace,,,Male,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,German Politician,"Gustav Stresemann(help·info) (May 10, 1878 – October 3, 1929) was a German politician and statesman who served as Chancellor in 1923 (for a brief period of 102 days) and Foreign Minister 1923–1929, during the Weimar Republic. He was co-laureate of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926.",1878,48,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1989-040-27%2C_Gustav_Stresemann.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gustav_Stresemann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann
Aristide Briand,1926 - Peace,,,Male,"Nantes, France",France,,Aristide Briand ( French: [a.ʁis.tid bʁi.jɑ̃]; 28 March 1862 – 7 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic and was a co-laureate of the 1926 Nobel Peace Prize.,1862,64,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Aristide_Briand_07.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Aristide_Briand,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristide_Briand
Jean Baptiste Perrin,1926 - Physics,Nature of cathode rays,,Male,"Lille, France",France,,"Jean Baptiste Perrin ForMemRS (30 September 1870 – 17 April 1942) was a French physicist who, in his studies of the Brownian motion of minute particles suspended in liquids, verified Albert Einstein ’s explanation of this phenomenon and thereby confirmed the atomic nature of matter. For this achievement he was honoured with the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1926. ",1870,56,École Normale Supérieure,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Jean_Perrin_1926.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin
Heinrich Otto Wieland,1927 - Chemestry,Bile acid,,Male,"Pforzheim, Germany",Germany,,"Heinrich Otto Wieland (4 June 1877 – 5 August 1957) was a German chemist. He won the 1927 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research into the bile acids. In 1901 Wieland received his doctorate at the University of Munich while studying under Johannes Thiele. In 1904 he completed his habilitation, then continued to teach at the university and starting in 1907 was a consultant for Boehringer-Ingelheim. In 1914 he became associate professor for special topics in organic chemistry, and director of the Organic Division of the State Laboratory in Munich. From 1917 to 1918 Wieland worked in the service of the (KWI) Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Elektrochemistry in Dahlem then led by Fritz Haber as an alternative to regular military service. There he was involved in weapons research for instance finding new synthetic routes for mustard gas. He is also credited with the first synthesis of Adamsite.",1877,50,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Heinrich_Wieland.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland
Henri Bergson,1927 - Literature,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,Philosopher,"Henri-Louis Bergson ( French: [bɛʁksɔn]; 18 October 1859 – 4 January 1941) was a major French philosopher, influential especially in the first half of the 20th century. Bergson convinced many thinkers that the processes of immediate experience and intuition are more significant than abstract rationalism and science for understanding reality.",1859,68,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/22/Bergson-Nobel-photo.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henri_Bergson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson
Julius Wagner-Jauregg,1927 - Medicine / Physiology,History of malaria,,Male,"Wels, Austria",Austria,Austrian Neuroscientist,"Julius Wagner-Jauregg (7 March 1857 – 27 September 1940) was an Austrian physician, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1927. His Nobel award was ""for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica "". Even though his first wife was Jewish, later in life he supported Nazism, and became anti-Semitic and advocate of eugenics, which degraded his public recognition. ",1857,70,University of Vienna,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg
Ludwig Quidde,1927 - Peace,,,Male,"Bremen, Germany",Germany,German Politician,"Ludwig Quidde (March 23, 1858, Bremen – March 4, 1941) was a German pacifist who is mainly remembered today for his acerbic criticism of German Emperor Wilhelm II. Quidde's long career spanned four different eras of German history: that of Bismarck (up to 1890); the Hohenzollern Empire under Wilhelm II (1888–1918); the Weimar Republic (1918–1933); and, finally, Nazi Germany. In 1927, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.",1858,69,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Ludwig_Quidde_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ludwig_Quidde,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde
Ferdinand Buisson,1927 - Peace,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,,"Ferdinand Édouard Buisson (December 20, 1841 Paris - February 16, 1932 Thieuloy-Saint-Antoine ) was a French academic, educational bureaucrat, pacifist and Radical-Socialist (left liberal) politician. He presided over the League of Education from 1902 to 1906 and the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1914 to 1926. In 1927, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to him jointly with Ludwig Quidde. Philosopher and educator, he was Director of Primary Education. He was the author of a thesis on Sebastian Castellio, in whom he saw a ""liberal Protestant"" in his image. Ferdinand Buisson was the president of the National Association of Freethinkers. In 1905, he chaired the parliamentary committee to implement the separation of church and state. Famous for his fight for secular education through the League of Education, he coined the term laïcité (""secularism"").",1841,86,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//d/da/Ferdinand_Buisson_%281841-1932%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ferdinand_Buisson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson,1927 - Physics,,,Male,"Midlothian, Scotland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, CH, FRS (14 February 1869 – 15 November 1959) was a Scottish physicist and meteorologist who received the Nobel Prize in physics for his invention of the cloud chamber.",1869,58,"University of Manchester, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/CTR_Wilson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson
Arthur Compton,1927 - Physics,"Compton scattering, Compton wavelength",,Male,"Wooster, Ohio, United States",United States of America,,"Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his discovery of the Compton effect. He is also known for his leadership of the Manhattan Project s Metallurgical Laboratory. He served as Chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis from 1945 to 1953.",1892,35,"Princeton University, College of Wooster",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Arthur_Compton.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arthur_Compton,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Compton
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus,1928 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (25 December 1876 – 9 June 1959) was a German chemist who won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1928 for his work on sterols and their relation to vitamins. He was the doctoral advisor of Adolf Butenandt who also won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939.,1876,52,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Windaus.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Otto_Reinhold_Windaus
Sigrid Undset,1928 - Literature,,,Female,"Kalundborg, Denmark",Denmark,Novelist,Sigrid Undset (20 May 1882 – 10 June 1949) was a Norwegian novelist who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1928.,1882,46,,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Sigrid_Undset_1928.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Sigrid_Undset,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigrid_Undset
Charles Nicolle,1928 - Medicine / Physiology,Epidemic typhus,,Male,"Rouen, France",France,French Microbiologist,Charles Jules Henry Nicolle (21 September 1866 Rouen – 28 February 1936 Tunis ) was a French bacteriologist who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for his identification of lice as the transmitter of epidemic typhus.,1866,62,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Charles_Nicolle_at_microscope.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Nicolle,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Nicolle
Owen Willans Richardson,1928 - Physics,Thermionic emission,,Male,"Yorkshire, Dewsbury, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Physicist,"Sir Owen Willans Richardson, FRS (26 April 1879 – 15 February 1959) was a British physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1928 for his work on thermionic emission, which led to Richardson's Law. ",1879,49,"University College London, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Niels_BohrUpOwenWillansRichardsonDownSolvay1927.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Owen_Willans_Richardson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson
Arthur Harden,1929 - Chemestry,Chemistry of the yeast cell,,Male,"Manchester, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Biochemist,"Sir Arthur Harden FRS (12 October 1865 Manchester, Lancashire – 17 June 1940 Bourne End, Buckinghamshire ) was a British biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin for their investigations into the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes. ",1865,64,"University of Manchester, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/ArthurHarden.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arthur_Harden,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Harden
Hans von Euler-Chelpin,1929 - Chemestry,,Chemistry,Male,"Augsburg, Germany",Germany,Swedish Scientist,"Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (15 February 1873 – 6 November 1964) was a German -born Swedish biochemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929 with Arthur Harden for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and enzymes. He was a professor of general and organic chemistry at Stockholm University (1906–1941) and the director of its Institute for organic-chemical research (1938–1948). Von Euler-Chelpin married Astrid Cleve, the daughter of the Uppsala chemist Per Teodor Cleve and was the great-great-great grandson of Leonhard Euler. In 1970, his son Ulf von Euler, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.",1873,56,Humboldt University of Berlin,"Germany, Sweden",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Euler-chelpin.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin
Thomas Mann,1929 - Literature,,,Male,"Lübeck, Germany",Germany,German Writer,"Paul Thomas Mann ( [paʊ̯l toːmas man]; 6 June 1875 – 12 August 1955) was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature laureate. His highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas are noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul used modernized German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Goethe, Nietzsche and Schopenhauer. Mann was a member of the Hanseatic Mann family and portrayed his family and class in the novel Buddenbrooks. His older brother was the radical writer Heinrich Mann and three of his six children, Erika Mann, Klaus Mann and Golo Mann, also became important German writers. When Hitler came to power in 1933, Mann fled to Switzerland. When World War II broke out in 1939, he emigrated to the United States, returning to Switzerland in 1952. Thomas Mann is one of the best-known exponents of the so-called Exilliteratur.",1875,54,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Thomas_Mann_1937.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Thomas_Mann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mann
Christiaan Eijkman,1929 - Medicine / Physiology,"Beriberi, Vitamins",,Male,"Nijkerk, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Physician,"Christiaan Eijkman ( Dutch: [ˈkrɪstiaːn ˈɛikmɐn]; 11 August 1858 – 5 November 1930) was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins. Together with Sir Frederick Hopkins, he received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.",1858,71,,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Christiaan_Eijkman.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Christiaan_Eijkman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman
Frederick Gowland Hopkins,1929 - Medicine / Physiology,"Tryptophan, Glutathione",,Male,"Sussex, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins OM FRS (20 June 1861 – 16 May 1947) was an English biochemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929, with Christiaan Eijkman, for the discovery of vitamins. He also discovered the amino acid tryptophan, in 1901. He was President of the Royal Society from 1930 to 1935.",1861,68,King's College,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins
Frank B. Kellogg,1929 - Peace,,,Male,"Potsdam, New York, United States",United States of America,American Politician,"Frank Billings Kellogg (December 22, 1856 – December 21, 1937) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served in the U.S. Senate and as U.S. Secretary of State. He co-authored the Kellogg–Briand Pact, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1929. ",1856,73,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/FrankKellogg.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frank_B._Kellogg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg
Louis de Broglie,1929 - Physics,"De Broglie–Bohm theory, Matter wave, Wave nature of electrons",,Male,"Dieppe, France",France,Physicist,"Louis-Victor-Pierre-Raymond, 7th duc de Broglie, ( /dəˈbrɔɪ/; French pronunciation: ​ [dəbʁɔj], [dəbʁœj]; 15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987) was a French physicist who made groundbreaking contributions to quantum theory. In his 1924 PhD thesis he postulated the wave nature of electrons and suggested that all matter has wave properties. This concept is known as wave-particle duality or the de Broglie hypothesis. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1929. The wave-like behaviour of particles discovered by de Broglie was used by Erwin Schrödinger in his formulation of wave mechanics. Louis de Broglie was the sixteenth member elected to occupy seat 1 of the Académie française in 1944, and served as Perpetual Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences. ",1892,37,University of Paris,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Broglie_Big.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Louis_de_Broglie,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie
Hans Fischer,1930 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Höchst (Frankfurt am Main), Germany",Germany,German Chemist,Hans Fischer (27 July 1881 – 31 March 1945) was a German organic chemist and the recipient of the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.,1881,49,"University of Lausanne, University of Marburg",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Hans_Fischer_%28Nobel%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hans_Fischer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Fischer
Sinclair Lewis,1930 - Literature,,,Male,"Sauk Centre, Minnesota, United States",United States of America,"Novelist, Short Story Writer, Playwright","Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first writer from the United States to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which was awarded ""for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters."" His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American capitalism and materialism between the wars. He is also respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H.L. Mencken wrote of him, "" there was ever a novelist among us with an authentic call to the trade... it is this red-haired tornado from the Minnesota wilds."" ",1885,45,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//0/0a/Sinclair_Lewis_1930.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Sinclair_Lewis,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinclair_Lewis
Karl Landsteiner,1930 - Medicine / Physiology,"Blood group system, Rh factor, Poliovirus",,Male,"Baden bei Wien, Austria",Austria,Austrian Pathologist,"Karl Landsteiner, ForMemRS (June 14, 1868 – June 26, 1943), was an Austrian biologist and physician. He is noted for having first distinguished the main blood groups in 1900, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood, and having identified, with Alexander S. Wiener, the Rhesus factor, in 1937, thus enabling physicians to transfuse blood without endangering the patient′s life. With Constantin Levaditi and Erwin Popper, he discovered the polio virus, in 1909. In 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He was awarded a Lasker Award in 1946 posthumously and is recognized as the father of transfusion medicine.",1868,62,University of Vienna,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ene/e0/Karl_Landsteiner_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Karl_Landsteiner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner
Nathan Söderblom,1930 - Peace,,,Male,"Trönö , Gävleborg County, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Clergyman,"Lars Olof Jonathan Söderblom ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈnɑːtan ˈsøːdɛrblʊm] ) (15 January 1866 – 12 July 1931) was a Swedish clergyman, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden, and recipient of the 1930 Nobel Peace Prize. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church and in the liturgical calendar of the Episcopal Church (USA) on July 12.",1866,64,Uppsala University,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom
C. V. Raman,1930 - Physics,Raman scattering,,Male,"Tiruchirapalli, India",India,Physicist,"Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, FRS ( Tamil: சந்திரசேகர வெங்கட ராமன்; 7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist, born in the former Madras Province, whose ground breaking work in the field of light scattering earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that, when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called Raman scattering and is the result of the Raman effect. In 1954, he was honoured with the highest civilian award in India, the Bharat Ratna. ",1888,42,University of Madras,India,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Sir_CV_Raman.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/C._V._Raman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._V._Raman
Friedrich Bergius,1931 - Chemestry,Bergius process,,Male,"Wrocław, Germany",Germany,,"Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius (11 October 1884 – 30 March 1949) was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1931, together with Carl Bosch ) in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods. Having worked with IG Farben during World War II, his citizenship came into question following the war, causing him to ultimately flee to Argentina, where he acted as adviser to the Ministry of Industry. ",1884,47,"University of Wrocław, Leipzig University",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Bergius.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Friedrich_Bergius,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius
Carl Bosch,1931 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Cologne, Germany",Germany,,"Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in chemistry. He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company.",1874,57,Technical University of Berlin,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Carl_Bosch.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carl_Bosch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Bosch
Erik Axel Karlfeldt,1931 - Literature,,,Male,"Karlbo, Dalarna, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Poet,"Erik Axel Karlfeldt (20 July 1864 – 8 April 1931) was a Swedish poet whose highly symbolist poetry masquerading as regionalism was popular and won him the Nobel Prize in Literature posthumously in 1931. It has been rumored that he had been offered, but declined, the award already in 1919. ",1864,67,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt_1931.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt
Otto Heinrich Warburg,1931 - Medicine / Physiology,"Warburg effect, Pathogenesis of cancer",Cell biology,Male,"Baden, Germany",Germany,German Scientist,"Otto Heinrich Warburg ( /ˈvɑrbʊərɡ/; October 8, 1883 – August 1, 1970), son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor and Nobel laureate. He served as an officer in the elite Ulan (cavalry regiment) during the First World War, and won the Iron Cross (1st Class) for bravery. Warburg was one of the 20th century's leading biochemists. He won the Nobel Prize of 1931. In total, he was nominated an unprecedented three times for the Nobel prize for three separate achievements.",1883,48,"Heidelberg University, Humboldt University of Berlin",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Otto_Warburg.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg
Jane Addams,1931 - Peace,,,Female,"Illinois, Cedarville, United States",United States of America,American Activist And Pacifist,"Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a pioneer American settlement social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. In an era when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists, Addams was one of the most prominent reformers of the Progressive Era. She helped turn America to issues of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace. She said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed the vote to be effective in doing so. Addams became a role model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities. She is increasingly being recognized as a member of the American pragmatist school of philosophy. In 1931 she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States.",1860,71,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Jane_Addams_profile.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jane_Addams,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Addams
Nicholas Murray Butler,1931 - Peace,,,Male,"Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States",United States of America,,"Nicholas Murray Butler (April 2, 1862 – December 7, 1947) was an American philosopher, diplomat, and educator. Butler was president of Columbia University, president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He became so well known and respected that The New York Times printed his Christmas greeting to the nation every year.",1862,69,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Portrait_of_Nicholas_Murray_Butler.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nicholas_Murray_Butler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler
Irving Langmuir,1932 - Chemestry,Inventor of the high-vacuum tube,,Male,"Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Irving Langmuir /ˈlæŋmjʊr/ (31 January 1881 – 16 August 1957) was an American chemist and physicist. His most noted publication was the famous 1919 article ""The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules"" in which, building on Gilbert N. Lewis s cubical atom theory and Walther Kossel s chemical bonding theory, he outlined his ""concentric theory of atomic structure"". Langmuir became embroiled in a priority dispute with Lewis over this work; Langmuir's presentation skills were largely responsible for the popularization of the theory, although the credit for the theory itself belongs mostly to Lewis. While at General Electric, from 1909–1950, Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas-filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry. The Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research near Socorro, New Mexico, was named in his honor as was the American Chemical Society journal for Surface Science, called Langmuir. ",1881,51,"Columbia University, University of Göttingen",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/96/Langmuir-sitting.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Irving_Langmuir,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Langmuir
John Galsworthy,1932 - Literature,,,Male,"Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Writer,"John Galsworthy OM ( /ˈɡɔːlzwɜrði/; 14 August 1867 – 31 January 1933) was an English novelist and playwright. Notable works include The Forsyte Saga (1906–1921) and its sequels, A Modern Comedy and End of the Chapter. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932.",1867,65,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/John_Galsworthy_2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Galsworthy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Galsworthy
Edgar Adrian,1932 - Medicine / Physiology,,Biology,Male,"Hampstead, London, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Electrophysiologist,"Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, OM PRS (30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977) was an English electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons. He provided experimental evidence for the all-or-none law of nerves. ",1889,43,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian_nobel.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Edgar_Adrian,_1st_Baron_Adrian","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Adrian,_1st_Baron_Adrian"
Charles Scott Sherrington,1932 - Medicine / Physiology,,Histology,Male,"Islington, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"English Neurophysiologist, Histologist, Bacteriologist, And A Pathologist","Sir Charles Scott Sherrington, OM, GBE, PRS (27 November 1857 – 4 March 1952) was an English neurophysiologist, histologist, bacteriologist, and a pathologist, Nobel laureate and president of the Royal Society in the early 1920s. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, in 1932 for their work on the functions of neurons. Prior to the work of Sherrington and Adrian, it was widely accepted that reflexes occurred as isolated activity within a reflex arc. Sherrington received the prize for showing that reflexes require integrated activation and demonstrated reciprocal innervation of muscles ( Sherrington's law ). ",1857,75,"University of Cambridge, Royal College of Surgeons of England",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Charles_Scott_Sherrington2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Scott_Sherrington,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington
Werner Heisenberg,1932 - Physics,,,Male,"Würzburg, Germany",Germany,,"Werner Karl Heisenberg ( German: [ˈhaɪzənbɛɐ̯k]; 5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) was a German theoretical physicist and one of the key creators of quantum mechanics. He published his work in 1925 in a breakthrough paper. In the subsequent series of papers with Max Born and Pascual Jordan, during the same year, this matrix formulation of quantum mechanics was substantially elaborated. In 1927 he published his uncertainty principle, upon which he built his philosophy and for which he is best known. Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1932 ""for the creation of quantum mechanics "". He also made important contributions to the theories of the hydrodynamics of turbulent flows, the atomic nucleus, ferromagnetism, cosmic rays, and subatomic particles, and he was instrumental in planning the first West German nuclear reactor at Karlsruhe, together with a research reactor in Munich, in 1957. Considerable controversy surrounds his work on atomic research during World War II.",1901,31,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Bundesarchiv_Bild183-R57262%2C_Werner_Heisenberg.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Werner_Heisenberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg
Ivan Bunin,1933 - Literature,,,Male,"Voronezh, Russia",Russia,Russian Writer And Poet,"Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin ( Russian: Ива́н Алексе́евич Бу́нин; IPA: [ɪˈvan ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ˈbunʲɪn]; 22 October [O.S. 10 October] 1870 – 8 November 1953) was the first Russian writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was noted for the strict artistry with which he carried on the classical Russian traditions in the writing of prose and poetry. The texture of his poems and stories, sometimes referred to as ""Bunin brocade"", is considered to be one of the richest in the language.",1870,63,,"France, Russia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Ivan_Bunin-1901.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ivan_Bunin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Bunin
Thomas Hunt Morgan,1933 - Medicine / Physiology,Genetic linkage,,Male,"Lexington, Kentucky, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and embryologist and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the chromosome plays in heredity. ",1866,67,"Johns Hopkins University, University of Kentucky",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan
Norman Angell,1933 - Peace,,,Male,"Holbeach, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Politician,"Sir Ralph Norman Angell (26 December 1872 – 7 October 1967) was an English lecturer, journalist, author, and Member of Parliament for the Labour Party.",1872,61,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Norman_Angell_01.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Norman_Angell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Angell
Erwin Schrödinger,1933 - Physics,,,Male,"Erdberg, Vienna, Austria",Austria,,"Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger ( German: [ˈɛʁviːn ˈʃʁøːdɪŋɐ]; 12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as Erwin Schrodinger or Erwin Schroedinger, was a Nobel Prize-winning Austrian physicist who developed a number of fundamental results in the field of quantum theory, which formed the basis of wave mechanics: he formulated the wave equation (stationary and time-dependent Schrödinger equation ) and revealed the identity of his development of the formalism and matrix mechanics. Schrödinger proposed an original interpretation of the physical meaning of the wave function.",1887,46,University of Vienna,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger
Paul Dirac,1933 - Physics,,,Male,"Bristol, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac OMFRS ( /dɪˈræk/ di-RAK; 8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, a member of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, and spent the last decade of his life at Florida State University.",1902,31,"University of Bristol, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Dirac_4.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Dirac,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dirac
Harold Urey,1934 - Chemestry,"Miller–Urey experiment, Deuterium",,Male,"Walkerton, Indiana, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Harold Clayton Urey (April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was an American physical chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 for the discovery of deuterium. He played a significant role in the development of the atom bomb, but may be most prominent for his contribution to theories on the development of organic life from non-living matter. ",1893,41,"University of California - Berkeley, University of Montana, Earlham College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Urey.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Harold_Urey,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Urey
Luigi Pirandello,1934 - Literature,,,Male,"Agrigento, Sicily, Italy",Italy,"Italian Dramatist, Novelist, Poet And Short Story Writer","Luigi Pirandello ( Italian: [luˈiːdʒi piranˈdɛllo]; 28 June 1867 – 10 December 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, poet and short story writer. He was awarded the 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature for his ""bold and brilliant renovation of the drama and the stage"".",1867,67,,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Luigi_Pirandello_1932.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Luigi_Pirandello,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello
George Whipple,1934 - Medicine / Physiology,Liver therapy in cases of anemia,,Male,"Ashland, New Hampshire, United States",United States of America,American Pathologist,"George Hoyt Whipple (August 28, 1878 – February 1, 1976) was an American physician, pathologist, biomedical researcher, and medical school educator and administrator. Whipple shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and William Parry Murphy ""for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anemia.""",1878,56,Johns Hopkins University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/George_Whipple_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Whipple,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Whipple
George Minot,1934 - Medicine / Physiology,"Anemia, Pernicious anemia",,Male,"Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Physician,Not to be confused with American historian and judge George Richards Minot (judge) (1758–1802),1885,49,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/George_Minot_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Minot,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Minot
William P. Murphy,1934 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,American Scientist,"William Parry Murphy ( Stoughton, Wisconsin, February 6, 1892 – October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and George Hoyt Whipple for their combined work in devising and treating macrocytic anemia (specifically, pernicious anemia ).",1892,42,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//6/6c/William_P_Murphy.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_P._Murphy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_P._Murphy
Arthur Henderson,1934 - Peace,,,Male,"Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Politician,"Arthur Henderson PC (13 September 1863 – 20 October 1935) was a British iron moulder and Labour politician. He was the first Labour cabinet minister, the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and served three terms as the Leader of the Labour Party. He was popular among his colleagues, who called him ""Uncle Arthur"" in acknowledgement of his integrity, devotion to the cause and unperturbability. He was a transition figure whose policies were closer to the Liberal Party for the trades unions rejected his emphasis on arbitration and conciliation and thwarted his goal of unifying the Labour Party and the trades unions.",1863,71,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Arthurhenderson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arthur_Henderson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Henderson
Frédéric Joliot-Curie,1935 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Physicist,"Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie ( French: [fʁe.de.ʁik ʒɔ.ljo ky.ʁi]; 19 March 1900 – 14 August 1958), born Jean Frédéric Joliot, was a French physicist, husband of Irène Joliot-Curie and Nobel laureate.",1900,35,Institut des sciences et technologies de Paris,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Joliot-fred.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie
Irène Joliot-Curie,1935 - Chemestry,,,Female,"Paris, France",France,French Scientist,"Irène Joliot-Curie (12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French scientist, the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity. This made the Curies the family with the most Nobel laureates to date. Both children of the Joliot-Curies, Hélène and Pierre, are also esteemed scientists. ",1897,38,University of Paris,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie_Harcourt.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie
Hans Spemann,1935 - Medicine / Physiology,"Embryonic induction and the Organiser, Embryogenesis",Embryology,Male,"Stuttgart, Germany",Germany,German Embryologist,"Hans Spemann (27 June 1869 – 9 September 1941) was a German embryologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1935 for his discovery of the effect now known as embryonic induction, an influence, exercised by various parts of the embryo, that directs the development of groups of cells into particular tissues and organs.",1869,66,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Hans_Spemann_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hans_Spemann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Spemann
Carl von Ossietzky,1935 - Peace,,,Male,"Hamburg, Germany",Germany,"German Journalist, Political Activist","Carl von Ossietzky (3 October 1889 – 4 May 1938) was a German pacifist and the recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in exposing the clandestine German re-armament. He was convicted of high treason and espionage in 1931 after publishing details of Germany's alleged violation of the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding an air force, the predecessor of the Luftwaffe, and training pilots in the Soviet Union. In 1990 his daughter, Rosalinde von Ossietzky-Palm, called for a resumption of proceedings, but the verdict was upheld by the Federal Court of Justice in 1992.",1889,46,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//5/5c/Carl_von_Ossietzky.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carl_von_Ossietzky,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky
James Chadwick,1935 - Physics,"Neutron, Maud Committee Report",,Male,"Bollington, Cheshire, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Physicist,"Sir James Chadwick, CH, FRS (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941 he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atomic bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during the Second World War. He was knighted in England in 1945 for achievements in physics.",1891,44,"University of Manchester, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Chadwick.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Chadwick,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Chadwick
Peter Debye,1936 - Chemestry,"Dielectric, Debye model",,Male,"Maastricht, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Physicist And Physical Chemist,"Peter Joseph William Debye ForMemRS ( /dɛˈbaɪ/; Dutch: [dəˈbɛiə]; March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch - American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.",1884,52,"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, RWTH Aachen University",Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Debije-boerhaave.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_Debye,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Debye
Eugene O'Neill,1936 - Literature,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Playwright,"Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an Irish American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into American drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. His plays were among the first to include speeches in American vernacular and involve characters on the fringes of society, where they struggle to maintain their hopes and aspirations, but ultimately slide into disillusionment and despair. Of his very few comedies, only one is well-known ( Ah, Wilderness! ). Nearly all of his other plays involve some degree of tragedy and personal pessimism.",1888,48,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/ONeill-Eugene-LOC.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eugene_O%27Neill,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill
Henry Hallett Dale,1936 - Medicine / Physiology,Acetylcholine,,Male,"London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Pharmacologist,"Sir Henry Hallett Dale, OM, GBE, PRS (9 June 1875 – 23 July 1968) was an English pharmacologist and physiologist. For his study of acetylcholine as agent in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses ( neurotransmission ) he shared the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Otto Loewi. ",1875,61,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Henry_Hallett_Dale3.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henry_Hallett_Dale,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale
Otto Loewi,1936 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Frankfurt, Germany",Germany,German Phamacologist,"Otto Loewi (3 June 1873 – 25 December 1961) was a German -born pharmacologist whose discovery of acetylcholine helped enhance medical therapy. The discovery earned for him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936 which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, whom he met in 1902 when spending some months in Ernest Starling s laboratory at University College, London. He has been referred to as the "" Father of Neuroscience.""",1873,63,University of Strasbourg,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Otto_Loewi_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Otto_Loewi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Loewi
Carlos Saavedra Lamas,1936 - Peace,,,Male,"Buenos Aires, Argentina",Argentina,Argentine Politician,"Carlos Saavedra Lamas (November 1, 1878 – May 5, 1959) was an Argentine academic and politician, and in 1936, the first Latin American Nobel Peace Prize recipient. ",1878,58,,Argentina,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas
Carl David Anderson,1936 - Physics,"Muon neutrino, Positron",,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Carl David Anderson (September 3, 1905 – January 11, 1991) was an American physicist. He is best known for his discovery of the positron in 1932, an achievement for which he received the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics, and of the muon in 1936.",1905,31,California Institute of Technology,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Carl_Anderson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carl_David_Anderson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson
Victor Francis Hess,1936 - Physics,Cosmic rays,,Male,"Peggau, Austria",Austria,Austrian-american Physciist,"Victor Francis Hess (24 June 1883 – 17 December 1964) was an Austrian - American physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics, who discovered cosmic rays. ",1883,53,University of Graz,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Hess.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Victor_Francis_Hess,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess
Norman Haworth,1937 - Chemestry,Investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C,,Male,"Chorley, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Carbohydrate Chemist,"Sir (Walter) Norman Haworth FRS. (19 March 1883, White Coppice, Chorley, Lancashire – 19 March 1950, Barnt Green, Worcestershire ) was a British chemist best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid ( vitamin C ) while working at the University of Birmingham. He received the 1937 Nobel Prize in Chemistry ""for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"". The prize was shared with Swiss chemist Paul Karrer for his work on other vitamins. ",1883,54,"University of Manchester, University of Göttingen",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Norman_Haworth.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Norman_Haworth,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Haworth
Paul Karrer,1937 - Chemestry,Vitamins,,Male,Russia,Russia,Swiss Chemist,Paul Karrer (21 April 1889 – 18 June 1971) was a Swiss organic chemist best known for his research on vitamins. He and Walter Haworth won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1937.,1889,48,University of Zurich,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Karrer.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Karrer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Karrer
Roger Martin du Gard,1937 - Literature,,,Male,"Hauts-de-Seine, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France",France,French Writer,"Roger Martin du Gard (23 March 1881 – 22 August 1958) was a French author and winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize for Literature. Trained as a paleographer and archivist, Martin du Gard brought to his works a spirit of objectivity and a scrupulous regard for detail. Because of his concern with documentation and with the relationship of social reality to individual development, he has been linked with the realist and naturalist traditions of the 19th century. His major work was The Thibaults, a multi-volume roman fleuve that follows the fortunes of the two brothers, Antoine and Jacques Thibault, from their upbringing in a prosperous Catholic bourgeois family to the end of the First World War. Six parts of the novel were published between 1922 and 1929; Martin du Gard abandoned a seventh in manuscript before completing the two final installments, l'Été 1914 and l'Épilogue. Written under the shadow of the darkening international situation in Europe in the 1930s, these last parts, which together are longer than the previous six combined, focus on the political and historical situation leading up to the outbreak of the First World War, and conclude with the death of Antoine Thibault in 1918.",1881,56,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Roger_Martin_du_Gard_1937.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roger_Martin_du_Gard,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Martin_du_Gard
Albert Szent-Györgyi,1937 - Medicine / Physiology,Citric acid cycle,,Male,"Budapest, Hungary",Hungary,Hungarian Biochemist,"Albert Szent-Györgyi de Nagyrápolt ( Hungarian: Nagyrápolti Szent-Györgyi Albert [ˈnɒɟraːpolti ˈsɛntˌɟørɟi ˈɒlbɛrt]; September 16, 1893 – October 22, 1986) was a Hungarian physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. He is credited with discovering vitamin C and the components and reactions of the citric acid cycle. He was also active in the Hungarian Resistance during World War II and entered Hungarian politics after the war.",1893,44,"University of Cambridge, Semmelweis University",Hungary,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/GyorgyiNIH.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi
The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood,1937 - Peace,,,Male,,,,"Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood CH, PC, QC (14 September 1864 – 24 November 1958), known as Lord Robert Cecil from 1868 to 1923, was a lawyer, politician and diplomat in the United Kingdom. He was one of the architects of the League of Nations and a defender of it, whose service to the organisation saw him awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1937.",1864,73,University of Oxford,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Robert_Cecil%2C_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood_cph.3b29913.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood"
Clinton Davisson,1937 - Physics,Electron diffraction,,Male,"Bloomington, Illinois, United States",United States of America,Physicist,"Clinton Joseph Davisson (October 22, 1881 – February 1, 1958), was an American physicist who won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of electron diffraction in the famous Davisson-Germer experiment. Davisson shared the Nobel Prize with George Paget Thomson, who independently discovered electron diffraction at about the same time as Davisson.",1881,56,"University of Chicago, Princeton University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Clinton_Davisson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Clinton_Davisson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Davisson
George Paget Thomson,1937 - Physics,,,Male,"Cambridge, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Sir George Paget Thomson, FRS ( /ˈtɒmsən/; 3 May 1892 – 10 September 1975) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate in physics recognised for his discovery with Clinton Davisson of the wave properties of the electron by electron diffraction. ",1892,45,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/George_Paget_Thomson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Paget_Thomson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson
Richard Kuhn,1938 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,German Biochemist,"Richard Kuhn (December 3, 1900 – August 1, 1967) was an Austrian - German biochemist and Nobel laureate.",1900,38,,"Austria, Germany",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Richard_Kuhn_ETH-Bib_Dia_248-065.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_Kuhn,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Kuhn
Pearl S. Buck,1938 - Literature,,,Female,"Hillsboro, West Virginia, United States",United States of America,"Novelist, Writer, Missionary, Activist","Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 – March 6, 1973), also known by her Chinese name Sai Zhenzhu ( Chinese: 賽珍珠; pinyin: Sài Zhēnzhū ), was an American writer and novelist. As the daughter of missionaries, Buck spent most of her life before 1934 in China. Her novel The Good Earth was the best-selling fiction book in the U.S. in 1931 and 1932 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932. In 1938, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature ""for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces."" ",1892,46,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Pearl_Buck_1972.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Pearl_S._Buck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck
Corneille Heymans,1938 - Medicine / Physiology,Vascular Presso- and Chemo-Receptors in Respiratory Control,,Male,"Ghent, Belgium",Belgium,Belgian Physiologist,"Corneille Jean François Heymans (28 March 1892 – 18 July 1968) was a Flemish physiologist. He studied at the prestigious Jesuit College of Sainte Barbe after which he proceeded to Ghent University, where he obtained a doctor's degree in 1920. ",1892,46,Ghent University,Belgium,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Corneille_Heymans_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Corneille_Heymans,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneille_Heymans
Nansen International Office For Refugees,1938 - Peace,,,,,,,"The Nansen International Office for Refugees ( French: Office International Nansen pour les Réfugiés ) was an organization established in 1930 by the League of Nations and named after Fridtjof Nansen, soon after his death, which was internationally in charge of refugees from war areas between 1930 and 1939. It is noted for developing the Nansen passport which allowed stateless people to travel between countries. It received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1938. ",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Dupuis-Nansen-Carle-Savio-Quisling.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Office_international_Nansen_pour_les_r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_international_Nansen_pour_les_r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s
Enrico Fermi,1938 - Physics,"Beta decay, Nuclear chain reaction, Fermi–Dirac statistics",,Male,"Rome, Italy",Italy,,"Enrico Fermi ( Italian: [enˈri.ko ˈfeɾ.mi]; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian physicist, best known for his work on Chicago Pile-1 (the first nuclear reactor ), and for his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle physics, and statistical mechanics. He is one of the men referred to as the ""father of the atomic bomb"". Fermi held several patents related to the use of nuclear power, and was awarded the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on induced radioactivity by neutron bombardment and the discovery of transuranic elements. He was widely regarded as one of the very few physicists to excel both theoretically and experimentally.",1901,37,Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Enrico_Fermi_1943-49.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Enrico_Fermi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi
Adolf Butenandt,1939 - Chemestry,,Biochemistry,Male,"Lehe/Bremerhaven, Germany",Germany,German Biochemist,"Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (24 March 1903 – 18 January 1995) was a German biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1939 for his ""work on sex hormones."" He initially rejected the award in accordance with government policy, but accepted it in 1949 after World War II. ",1903,36,,Germany,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Adolf_Butenandt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt
Leopold Ružička,1939 - Chemestry,Terpene,,Male,"Vukovar, Croatia",Croatia,,"Leopold Ružička ForMemRS (13 September 1887 – 26 September 1976) was a Croatian scientist and winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry who worked most of his life in Switzerland. He received eight honoris causa doctorates in science, medicine, and law; seven prizes and medals; and twenty-four honorary memberships in chemical, biochemical, and other scientific societies.",1887,52,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,"Croatia, Switzerland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Lavoslav_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%87ka_1939.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka
Frans Eemil Sillanpää,1939 - Literature,,,Male,"Hämeenkyrö, Finland",Finland,Finnish Writer,Frans Eemil Sillanpää ( pronunciation(help·info) ) (16 September 1888 – 3 June 1964) was one of the most famous Finnish writers and in 1939 became the first Finnish writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature.,1888,51,,Finland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/FransEemilSillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Eemil_Sillanp%C3%A4%C3%A4
Gerhard Domagk,1939 - Medicine / Physiology,"Sulfonamides, Prontosil",,Male,"Łagów, Świebodzin County, Province of Brandenburg, Germany",Germany,German Bacteriologist,Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk (30 October 1895 – 24 April 1964) was a German pathologist and bacteriologist. He is credited with the discovery of Sulfonamidochrysoidine (KI-730) – the first commercially available antibiotic (marketed under the brand name Prontosil ) – for which he received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.,1895,44,University of Kiel,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gerhard_Domagk_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gerhard_Domagk,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk
Ernest Lawrence,1939 - Physics,"Cyclotron, Manhattan Project",,Male,"Canton, South Dakota, United States",United States of America,Physicist,"Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was a pioneering American nuclear scientist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron. He is also known for his work on uranium-isotope separation for the Manhattan Project, and for founding the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. ",1901,38,"Yale University, University of Minnesota, University of South Dakota",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Ernest_Lawrence.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ernest_Lawrence,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence
George de Hevesy,1943 - Chemestry,Hafnium Radioactive tracer,,Male,"Budapest, Hungary",Hungary,Hungarian Scientist,"George Charles de Hevesy ( German: Georg Karl von Hevesy ) (1 August 1885 – 5 July 1966) was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role in the development of radioactive tracers to study chemical processes such as in the metabolism of animals. He also co-discovered the element hafnium. ",1885,58,University of Freiburg,Hungary,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/George_de_Hevesy.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_de_Hevesy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_de_Hevesy
Edward Adelbert Doisy,1943 - Medicine / Physiology,Vitamin K,,Male,"Hume, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Edward Adelbert Doisy (November 13, 1893 – October 23, 1986 ) was an American biochemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1943 with Henrik Dam for their discovery of vitamin K (K from ""Koagulations-Vitamin"" in German) and its chemical structure.",1893,50,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Edward_A_Doisy.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy
Henrik Dam,1943 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,Danish Biochemist,Henrik Dam (Full name Carl Peter Henrik Dam ) (21 February 1895 – 17 April 1976) was a Danish biochemist and physiologist.,1895,48,,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Henrik_Dam_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henrik_Dam,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik_Dam
Otto Stern,1943 - Physics,"Spin (physics), Stern–Gerlach experiment, Molecular ray method",,Male,"Żory, Poland",Poland,German Physicist,Otto Stern (17 February 1888 – 17 August 1969) was a German physicist and Nobel laureate in physics.,1888,55,"University of Wrocław, Goethe University Frankfurt","Germany, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Otto_Stern.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Otto_Stern,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Stern
Otto Hahn,1944 - Chemestry,"Fajans–Paneth–Hahn Law, Protactinium, Radioactive elements, Nuclear fission, Nuclear isomerism, Radioactive recoil","Nuclear chemistry, Radiochemistry",Male,"Hesse-Nassau, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,"Otto Hahn, OBE, ForMemRS (8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German chemist and pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944 for the discovery of nuclear fission. He is regarded as one of the most significant chemists of all time and especially as ""the father of nuclear chemistry"". ",1879,65,University of Marburg,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Otto_Hahn_%28Nobel%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Otto_Hahn,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn
Johannes Vilhelm Jensen,1944 - Literature,,,Male,"Farsø, Jutland, Denmark",Denmark,Writer,"Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (commonly known as Johannes V. Jensen; 20 January 1873 – 25 November 1950) was a Danish author, often considered the first great Danish writer of the 20th century. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1944. One of his sisters, Thit Jensen, was also a well-known writer and a very vocal, and occasionally controversial, early feminist.",1873,71,,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen_1944.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen
Joseph Erlanger,1944 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"San Francisco, United States",United States of America,American Doctor,"Joseph Erlanger (January 5, 1874 – December 5, 1965) was an American physiologist who is best known for his contributions to the field of neuroscience. Together with Herbert Spencer Gasser, he identified several varieties of nerve fiber and established the relationship between action potential velocity and fiber diameter. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for these achievements.",1874,70,Johns Hopkins University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Joseph_Erlanger_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Joseph_Erlanger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger
Herbert Spencer Gasser,1944 - Medicine / Physiology,Action potentials,,Male,"Platteville, Wisconsin, United States",United States of America,American Physiologist,"Herbert Spencer Gasser (July 5, 1888 – May 11, 1963) was an American physiologist, and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1944 for his work with action potentials in nerve fibers while on the faculty of Washington University in St. Louis, awarded jointly with Joseph Erlanger. ",1888,56,"Johns Hopkins University, University of Wisconsin",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser
Isidor Isaac Rabi,1944 - Physics,"Nuclear magnetic resonance, Rabi cycle, Rabi problem",,Male,"Rymanów, Galicia, Poland",Poland,Us Physicist,"Isidor Isaac Rabi ( /ˈrɑːbi/; 29 July 1898 – 11 January 1988) was a Polish-born American physicist and Nobel laureate, recognized in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging. He was also involved in the development of the cavity magnetron, which is used in microwave radar and microwave ovens.",1898,46,"Columbia University, Cornell University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/II_Rabi.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen,1945 - Chemestry,AIV fodder,,Male,"Helsinki, Finland",Finland,Finnish Chemist,Artturi Ilmari Virtanen ( Finnish: [ˈɑrtːuri ˈilmɑri ˈʋirtɑnen]; 1895–1973) was a Finnish chemist and recipient of the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.,1895,50,University of Helsinki,Finland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Virtanen.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen
Gabriela Mistral,1945 - Literature,,,Female,"Vicuña, Chile",Chile,Chilean Poet,"Gabriela Mistral ( Spanish: [ɡaˈβɾjela misˈt̪ɾal]; 7 April 1889 – 10 January 1957) was the pseudonym of Lucila Godoy Alcayaga, a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator and feminist. She was the first Latin American (and, so far, the only Latin American woman) to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which she did in 1945 ""for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"". Some central themes in her poems are nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, travel, and Latin American identity as formed from a mixture of Native American and European influences. Her portrait also appears on the 5,000 Chilean peso bank note.",1889,56,,Chile,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gabriela_Mistral_1945.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gabriela_Mistral,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriela_Mistral
Howard Florey,1945 - Medicine / Physiology,Penicillin,"Bacteriology, Immunology",Male,"Adelaide, Australia",Australia,Australian Pathologist,"Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey of Adelaide OMFRSFRCP (24 September 1898 – 21 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the making of penicillin. Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials in 1941 of penicillin at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a Postmaster from Wolvercote near Oxford. The patient started to recover but subsequently died because Florey had not made enough penicillin.",1898,47,University of Adelaide,Australia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Howard_Walter_Florey_1945.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Howard_Florey,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Florey
Ernst Boris Chain,1945 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,German Scientist,"Sir Ernst Boris Chain, FRS (19 June 1906 – 12 August 1979) was a German-born British biochemist, and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin. ",1906,39,Humboldt University of Berlin,"Germany, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Ernst_Boris_Chain_1945.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ernst_Boris_Chain,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain
Alexander Fleming,1945 - Medicine / Physiology,History of penicillin,,Male,"Lochfield, Scotland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Scottish Scientist,"Sir Alexander Fleming, FRSE, FRS, FRCS(Eng) (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. ",1881,64,"Imperial College London, University of Westminster",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Synthetic_Production_of_Penicillin_TR1468.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alexander_Fleming,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming
Cordell Hull,1945 - Peace,,,Male,"Olympus, Tennessee, United States",United States of America,American Politician,"Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871 – July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee. He is best known as the longest serving Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during much of World War II. Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations, and was referred to by President Roosevelt as the ""Father of the United Nations"". ",1871,74,Samford University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/CordellHull.jpeg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Cordell_Hull,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordell_Hull
Wolfgang Pauli,1945 - Physics,"Pauli effect, Pauli exclusion principle, Pauli matrices, Pauli equation, Pauli–Lubanski pseudovector, Exchange interaction, Pauli–Villars regularization, 'Not even wrong', Pauli group",,Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,,Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian -born Swiss theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics.,1900,45,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Wolfgang_Pauli_ETH-Bib_Portr_01042.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wolfgang_Pauli,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli
John Howard Northrop,1946 - Chemestry,Studies of enzymes,,Male,"Yonkers, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 – May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist who won, with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley, the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The award was given for these scientists' isolation, crystallization, and study of enzymes, proteins, and viruses. Northrop was a Professor of Bacteriology and Medical Physics, Emeritus at University of California, Berkeley. ",1891,55,Columbia University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/John_Howard_Northrop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Howard_Northrop,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop
James B. Sumner,1946 - Chemestry,"First to isolate an enzyme in crystallized form, First to show that an enzyme is a protein",,Male,"Canton, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"James Batcheller Sumner (November 19, 1887 – August 12, 1955) was an American chemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 with John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley.",1887,59,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/James_Batcheller_Sumner.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_B._Sumner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._Sumner
Wendell Meredith Stanley,1946 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Ridgeville, Indiana, United States",United States of America,American Virologist,"Wendell Meredith Stanley (16 August 1904 – 15 June 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel laureate. ",1904,42,Earlham College,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley
Hermann Hesse,1946 - Literature,,,Male,"Calw, Württemberg, Germany",Germany,"German Novelist, Short Story Writer And Poet","Hermann Hesse ( German: [ˈhɛɐ̯man ˈhɛsə]; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German born, Swiss poet, novelist, and painter. His best-known works include Steppenwolf, Siddhartha, and The Glass Bead Game, each of which explores an individual's search for authenticity, self-knowledge and spirituality. In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature.",1877,69,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Hermann_Hesse_2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hermann_Hesse,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Hesse
Hermann Joseph Muller,1946 - Medicine / Physiology,Genetic effects of Radiation,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Hermann Joseph Muller (or H. J. Muller ) (December 21, 1890 – April 5, 1967) was an American geneticist, educator, and Nobel laureate best known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation (X-ray mutagenesis) as well as his outspoken political beliefs. Muller frequently warned of the long-term dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear war and nuclear testing, helping to raise public awareness in this area. ",1890,56,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ena/a4/Hermann_Joseph_Muller.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hermann_Joseph_Muller,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller
Emily Greene Balch,1946 - Peace,,,Female,"Boston, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,Economist,"Emily Greene Balch (January 8, 1867 – January 9, 1961) was an American economist and writer.",1867,79,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/EmilyGreeneBalch.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Emily_Greene_Balch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch
John Mott,1946 - Peace,,,Male,,,,"John Raleigh Mott (May 25, 1865 – January 31, 1955) was a long-serving leader of the Young Men's Christian Association ( YMCA ) and the World Student Christian Federation (WSCF). He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 for his work in establishing and strengthening international Protestant Christian student organizations that worked to promote peace. He shared the prize with Emily Balch. From 1895 until 1920 Mott was the General Secretary of the WSCF. Intimately involved in the formation of the World Council of Churches in 1948, that body elected him as a lifelong honorary President. His best-known book, The Evangelization of the World in this Generation, became a missionary slogan in the early 20th century. ",1865,81,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/John_Raleigh_Mott.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Mott,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mott
Percy Williams Bridgman,1946 - Physics,High Pressure Physics,,Male,"Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Mathematician And Physicist,Percy Williams Bridgman (21 April 1882 – 20 August 1961) was an American physicist who won the 1946 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the physics of high pressures. He also wrote extensively on the scientific method and on other aspects of the philosophy of science.,1882,64,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Bridgman.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Percy_Williams_Bridgman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman
Robert Robinson,1947 - Chemestry,Organic synthesis,,Male,"Derbyshire, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Chemist,"Sir Robert Robinson, OM, PRS, FRSE (13 September 1886 – 8 February 1975) was an English organic chemist and Nobel laureate recognised in 1947 for his research on plant dyestuffs ( anthocyanins ) and alkaloids. In 1947, he also received the Medal of Freedom with Silver Palm.",1886,61,University of Manchester,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Robert_Robinson_organic_chemist.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Robinson_(organic_chemist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(organic_chemist)
André Gide,1947 - Literature,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Novelist And Essayist,"André Paul Guillaume Gide ( French: [ɑ̃dʁe pɔl ɡijom ʒid]; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French author and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1947 ""for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"". Gide's career ranged from its beginnings in the symbolist movement, to the advent of anticolonialism between the two World Wars.",1869,78,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Andr%C3%A9_Gide.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Andr%C3%A9_Gide,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide
Carl Ferdinand Cori,1947 - Medicine / Physiology,Glycogen,,Male,"Prague, Czech Republic",Czech Republic,American Biochemist,"Carl Ferdinand Cori, ForMemRS (December 5, 1896 – October 20, 1984) was a Czech biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague (then in Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic ) who, together with his wife Gerty Cori and Argentine physiologist Bernardo Houssay, received a Nobel Prize in 1947 for their discovery of how glycogen (animal starch) – a derivative of glucose – is broken down and resynthesized in the body, for use as a store and source of energy. In 2004 both were designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark in recognition of their work that elucidated carbohydrate metabolism. ",1896,51,Charles University in Prague,Czech Republic,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori
Bernardo Houssay,1947 - Medicine / Physiology,Glucose,Endocrinology,Male,"Buenos Aires, Argentina",Argentina,Argentine Physician,"Bernardo Alberto Houssay (April 10, 1887 – September 21, 1971) was an Argentine physiologist who, in 1947, received one half Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in regulating the amount of blood sugar ( glucose ) in animals. He is the first Argentine and Latin American Nobel laureate in the sciences. (He shared the prize with Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, who won for their discoveries regarding the role of glucose in carbohydrate metabolism.) ",1887,60,,Argentina,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Bernado_Houssay.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bernardo_Houssay,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay
Gerty Cori,1947 - Medicine / Physiology,"Carbohydrate metabolism, Cori cycle, Glucose 1-phosphate",,Female,"Prague, Czech Republic",Czech Republic,Austrian Biochemist,"Gerty Theresa Cori (née Radnitz; August 15, 1896 – October 26, 1957) was an American biochemist who became the third woman—and first American woman—to win a Nobel Prize in science, and the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.",1896,51,Charles University in Prague,"Czech Republic, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Gerty_Theresa_Cori.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gerty_Cori,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerty_Cori
American Friends Service Committee,1947 - Peace,,,,,,,The American Friends Service Committee ( AFSC ) is a Religious Society of Friends ( Quaker ) affiliated organization which works for peace and social justice in the United States and around the world. AFSC was founded in 1917 as a combined effort by American members of the Religious Society of Friends to assist civilian victims of World War I.,,,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/AFSC-Logo.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/American_Friends_Service_Committee,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee
Friends Service Council,1947 - Peace,,,,,,,"Quaker Peace & Social Witness ( QPSW ), previously known as the Friends Service Council, and then as Quaker Peace and Service, is one of the central committees of Britain Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends - the national organisation of Quakers in Britain. It works to promote British Quakers' testimonies of equality, justice, peace, simplicity and truth. It works alongside both small local and large international pressure groups.",,,,United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness
Edward Victor Appleton,1947 - Physics,"Ionosphere, Appleton layer, Demonstrating existence of Kennelly–Heaviside layer, F region",,Male,"West Yorkshire, Bradford, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Physicist,"Sir Edward Victor Appleton, GBE, KCB, FRS (6 September 1892 – 21 April 1965) was an English physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1947 for his seminal work proving the existence of the ionosphere during experiments carried out in 1924.",1892,55,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Appleton.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edward_Victor_Appleton,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton
Arne Tiselius,1948 - Chemestry,Electrophoresis,,Male,"Stockholm, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Biochemist,"Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (10 August 1902 – 29 October 1971) was a Swedish biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1948 ""for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins."" ",1902,46,Uppsala University,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//b/b1/Arne_Tiselius.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arne_Tiselius,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arne_Tiselius
T. S. Eliot,1948 - Literature,,,Male,"St. Louis, Missouri, United States",United States of America,"Poet, Dramatist, Literary Critic","Thomas Stearns Eliot OM (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965) was an essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic and ""one of the twentieth century's major poets."" He was born in St. Louis, Missouri to an old Yankee family. However he emigrated to England in 1914 (at age 25) and was naturalised as a British subject in 1927 at age 39.",1888,60,"University of Oxford, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Thomas_Stearns_Eliot_by_Lady_Ottoline_Morrell_%281934%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/T._S._Eliot,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot
Paul Hermann Müller,1948 - Medicine / Physiology,Insecticidal applications of DDT,,Male,"Solothurn, Switzerland",Switzerland,Swiss Chemist,Paul Hermann Müller also known as Pauly Mueller (12 January 1899 – 13 October 1965) was a Swiss chemist who received the 1948 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for his 1939 discovery of insecticidal qualities and use of DDT in the control of vector diseases such as malaria and yellow fever.,1899,49,University of Basel,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller
Patrick Blackett,1948 - Physics,"Paleomagnetism, Cosmic rays, Cloud chambers",,Male,"London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett OM CH FRS (18 November 1897 – 13 July 1974) was an English experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism. He also made a major contribution in World War II advising on military strategy and developing operational research. His left-wing views saw an outlet in third world development and in influencing policy in the Labour Government of the 1960s. ",1897,51,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//c/c3/Blackett-large.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Blackett,_Baron_Blackett"
William Giauque,1949 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada",Canada,American Chemist,"William Francis Giauque ( /dʒiˈoʊk/; May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero. He spent virtually all of his educational and professional career at the University of California, Berkeley.",1895,54,University of California - Berkeley,"Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en2/20/William_Giauque_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Giauque,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Giauque
William Faulkner,1949 - Literature,,,Male,"Oxford, Mississippi, United States",United States of America,"Novelist, Short Story Writer","William Cuthbert Faulkner ( /ˈfɔːlknər/, September 25, 1897 – July 6, 1962) was an American writer and Nobel Prize laureate from Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner wrote novels, short stories, a play, poetry, essays and screenplays. He is primarily known for his novels and short stories set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County, based on Lafayette County, Mississippi, where he spent most of his life. ",1897,52,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/William_Faulkner_1949.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Faulkner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner
António Egas Moniz,1949 - Medicine / Physiology,"Lobotomy, Cerebral angiography",Neurology,Male,"Avanca, Estarreja, Portugal",Portugal,Portuguese Neurosurgeon,"António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz (29 November 1874 – 13 December 1955), known as Egas Moniz ( Portuguese: [ˈɛɣɐʒ muˈniʃ] ), was a Portuguese neurologist and the developer of cerebral angiography. He is regarded as one of the founders of modern psychosurgery, having developed the surgical procedure leucotomy —​known better today as lobotomy —​for which he became the first Portuguese national to receive a Nobel Prize in 1949 (shared with Walter Rudolf Hess ). ",1874,75,University of Coimbra,Portugal,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Moniz.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz
Walter Rudolf Hess,1949 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Frauenfeld, Switzerland",Switzerland,,"Walter Rudolf Hess (March 17, 1881 – August 12, 1973) was a Swiss physiologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1949 for mapping the areas of the brain involved in the control of internal organs. He shared the prize with Egas Moniz.",1881,68,University of Zurich,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Walter_Hess.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Walter_Rudolf_Hess,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess
John Boyd Orr,1949 - Peace,Wartime nutrition,Nutrition,Male,"Kilmaurs, Scotland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr CH, DSO, MC, FRS (23 September 1880 – 25 June 1971), known as Sir John Boyd Orr from 1935 to 1949, was a Scottish teacher, doctor, biologist and politician who received the Nobel Peace Prize for his scientific research into nutrition and his work as the first Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). He was the co-founder and the first President (1960–1971) of the World Academy of Art and Science (WAAS). ",1880,69,University of Glasgow,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/John_Boyd_Orr_nobel.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Boyd_Orr,_1st_Baron_Boyd-Orr","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr,_1st_Baron_Boyd-Orr"
Hideki Yukawa,1949 - Physics,,Theoretical physics,Male,"Tokyo, Japan",Japan,Japanese Theoretical Physicist,"Hideki Yukawa ForMemRS FRSE (湯川 秀樹,Yukawa Hideki?, 23 January 1907 – 8 September 1981), was a Japanese theoretical physicist and the first Japanese Nobel laureate.",1907,42,Kyoto University,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Yukawa.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hideki_Yukawa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa
Kurt Alder,1950 - Chemestry,Diels–Alder reaction,,Male,"Königshütte, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,Kurt Alder (10 July 1902 – 20 June 1958) was a German chemist and Nobel laureate.,1902,48,"Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Kiel",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Kurt_Alder_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kurt_Alder,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Alder
Otto Diels,1950 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Hamburg, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,"Otto Paul Hermann Diels (23 January 1876 – 7 March 1954) was a German chemist. His most notable work was done with Kurt Alder on the Diels-Alder reaction, a method for diene synthesis. The pair was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for their work. Their method of synthesizing cyclic organic compounds proved valuable for the manufacture of synthetic rubber and plastic. He completed his education at the University of Berlin, where he later worked. Diels was employed at the University of Kiel when he completed his Nobel Prize–winning work, and remained there until he retired in 1945. Diels was married, with five children. He died in 1954.",1876,74,Humboldt University of Berlin,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Otto_Paul_Hermann_Diels.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Otto_Diels,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Diels
Bertrand Russell,1950 - Literature,,,Male,"Trellech, Monmouthshire, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"Philosopher, Logician, And Mathematician","Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, OM, FRS ( /ˈrʌsəl/; 18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, social critic and political activist. At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal, a socialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had never been any of these in any profound sense. He was born in Monmouthshire, into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in Britain. ",1872,78,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Honourable_Bertrand_Russell.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bertrand_Russell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell
Edward Calvin Kendall,1950 - Medicine / Physiology,"Cortisone, Isolation of thyroxine",,Male,"South Norwalk, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Edward Calvin Kendall (March 8, 1886 – May 4, 1972) was an American chemist. In 1950, Kendall was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine along with Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein and Mayo Clinic physician Philip S. Hench, for their work with the hormones of the adrenal gland. Kendall did not only focus on the adrenal glands, he was also responsible for the isolation of thyroxine, a hormone of the thyroid gland and worked with the team that crystallized glutathione and identified its chemical structure.",1886,64,Columbia University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enf/fa/Edward_Calvin_Kendall_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edward_Calvin_Kendall,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall
Philip Showalter Hench,1950 - Medicine / Physiology,Cortisone,,Male,"Pittsburgh, United States",United States of America,American Endocrinologist,"Philip Showalter Hench (February 28, 1896 – March 30, 1965) was an American physician. Hench, along with his Mayo Clinic co-worker Edward Calvin Kendall and Swiss chemist Tadeus Reichstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for the discovery of the hormone cortisone, and its application for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The Nobel Committee bestowed the award for the trio's ""discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects."" ",1896,54,"Lafayette College, University of Pittsburgh",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ena/a9/Philip_Showalter_Hench.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Philip_Showalter_Hench,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench
Tadeus Reichstein,1950 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Włocławek, Poland",Poland,Polish Chemist,"Tadeusz Reichstein (20 July 1897 – 1 August 1996) was a Polish Swiss chemist, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (1950). ",1897,53,,"Poland, Switzerland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Thadeus_Reichstein_ETH-Bib_Portr_10137.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Tadeus_Reichstein,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein
Ralph Bunche,1950 - Peace,Mediation in Palestine,,Male,"Detroit, Michigan, United States",United States of America,American Diplomat,"Ralph Johnson Bunche ( /bʌntʃ/; August 7, 1903 (disputed) or 1904 – December 9, 1971) was an American political scientist, academic, and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Palestine. He was the first African American and person of color to be so honored in the history of the prize. He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations. In 1963, he was awarded the Medal of Freedom by President John F. Kennedy.",1903,47,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Ralph_Bunche_-_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ralph_Bunche,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Bunche
C. F. Powell,1950 - Physics,"Nuclear emulsion, Pion",,Male,"Tonbridge, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Physicist,"Cecil Frank Powell, FRS (5 December 1903 – 9 August 1969) was a British physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and for the resulting discovery of the pion (pi-meson), a subatomic particle. ",1903,47,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Cecil_Powell.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/C._F._Powell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._F._Powell
Glenn T. Seaborg,1951 - Chemestry,Transuranium elements,,Male,"Ishpeming, Michigan, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Glenn Theodore Seaborg ( /ˈsiːbɔrɡ/; April 19, 1912 – February 25, 1999) was an American scientist whose involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of ten transuranium elements earned him a share of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His work in this area also led to his development of the actinide concept and the arrangement of the actinide series in the periodic table of the elements.",1912,39,University of California - Los Angeles,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Glenn_Seaborg_-_1964.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Glenn_T._Seaborg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg
Edwin McMillan,1951 - Chemestry,Transuranium elements,,Male,"Redondo Beach, California, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Edwin Mattison McMillan (September 18, 1907 – September 7, 1991) was an American physicist and Nobel laureate credited with being the first ever to produce a transuranium element. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Glenn Seaborg in 1951. ",1907,44,"California Institute of Technology, Princeton University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en8/86/Edwin_McMillan_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edwin_McMillan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_McMillan
Pär Lagerkvist,1951 - Literature,,,Male,"Växjö, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Writer,Pär Fabian Lagerkvist (23 May 1891 – 11 July 1974) was a Swedish author who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1951.,1891,60,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Lagerkvist.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4r_Lagerkvist
Max Theiler,1951 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Pretoria, South Africa",South Africa,South African-american Virologist,Max Theiler (30 January 1899 – 11 August 1972) was a South African-American virologist and doctor. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951 for developing a vaccine against yellow fever in 1937.,1899,52,,South Africa,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Max_Theiler_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Max_Theiler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Theiler
Léon Jouhaux,1951 - Peace,,,Male,,,French Activist,"Léon Jouhaux (July 1, 1879 – April 28, 1954) was a French trade union leader who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1951. ",1879,72,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux
John Cockcroft,1951 - Physics,Atom,,Male,"Todmorden, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Physicist,"Sir John Douglas Cockcroft OM KCB CBE FRS (27 May 1897 – 18 September 1967) was a British physicist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for splitting the atomic nucleus with Ernest Walton, and was instrumental in the development of nuclear power. He was the first Master of Churchill College and is buried at the Parish of the Ascension Burial Ground in Cambridge, together with his wife Elizabeth and son John, known as Timothy, who had died at the age of two in 1929.",1897,54,"University of Cambridge, University of Manchester, Victoria University - Manchester",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Sir_John_Douglas_Cockcroft.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Cockcroft,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cockcroft
Ernest Walton,1951 - Physics,Disintegration of an atomic nucleus by artificially accelerated protons,,Male,"County Waterford, Abbeyside, Ireland",Ireland,Irish Physicist,"Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (6 October 1903 – 25 June 1995) was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate for his work with John Cockcroft with "" atom-smashing "" experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to artificially split the atom, thus ushering the nuclear age.",1903,48,,Ireland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Ernest_Walton.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ernest_Walton,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Walton
Richard Laurence Millington Synge,1952 - Chemestry,Chromatography,Biochemistry,Male,"Liverpool, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Biochemist,"Richard Laurence Millington Synge FRS ( Liverpool, 28 October 1914 - Norwich, 18 August 1994) was a British biochemist, and shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Archer Martin.",1914,38,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge
Archer John Porter Martin,1952 - Chemestry,,,Male,"London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Biochemist,"Archer John Porter Martin, FRS (1 March 1910 – 28 July 2002) was an English chemist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography with Richard Synge.",1910,42,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Archer_John_Porter_Martin_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Archer_John_Porter_Martin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_John_Porter_Martin
François Mauriac,1952 - Literature,,,Male,"Bordeaux, France",France,French Writer,"François Charles Mauriac ( French: [moʁjak]; 11 October 1885 – 1 September 1970) was a French author, member of the Académie française (from 1933), and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1952). He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur in 1958.",1885,67,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac_%281932%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mauriac
Selman Waksman,1952 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Pryluky, Ukraine",Ukraine,"American Scientist, Biochemist, Microbiologist","Selman Abraham Waksman (July 22, 1888 – August 16, 1973) was a Ukrainian-American inventor, biochemist and microbiologist whose research into organic substances —largely into organisms that live in soil —and their decomposition promoted the discovery of Streptomycin, and several other antibiotics. A professor of biochemistry and microbiology at Rutgers University for four decades, he discovered over twenty antibiotics (a word which he coined) and introduced procedures that have led to the development of many others. The proceeds earned from the licensing of his patents funded a foundation for microbiological research, which established the Waksman Institute of Microbiology located on Rutgers University's Busch Campus in Piscataway, New Jersey (USA). In 1952 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition ""for his discovery of ""streptomycin,"" the first antibiotic active against tuberculosis."" Waksman was later accused of fraud by Albert Schatz, a PhD student working in his lab – who published the first paper on Streptomycin with Waksman as the secondary co-author.",1888,64,"University of California - Berkeley, Rutgers University","Ukraine, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Selman_Waksman_NYWTS.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Selman_Waksman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman
Albert Schweitzer,1952 - Peace,"Music, Theology","Medicine, Music, Philosophy, Theology",Male,"Kaysersberg, Elsass-Lothringen, Germany",Germany,"German Theologian, Musician, Philosopher, And Physician","Albert Schweitzer, OM (14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was a German—and later French—theologian, organist, philosopher, physician, and medical missionary in Africa, also known for his interpretive life of Jesus. He was born in the province of Alsace-Lorraine, at that time part of the German Empire, considered himself French and wrote mostly in French. Schweitzer, a Lutheran, challenged both the secular view of Jesus as depicted by historical-critical methodology current at his time in certain academic circles, as well as the traditional Christian view.",1875,77,,"France, Germany",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-D0116-0041-019%2C_Albert_Schweitzer.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albert_Schweitzer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer
Edward Mills Purcell,1952 - Physics,"Smith–Purcell effect, Hydrogen line",,Male,"Taylorville, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Edward Mills Purcell (August 30, 1912 – March 7, 1997) was an American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for his independent discovery (published 1946) of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids and in solids. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become widely used to study the molecular structure of pure materials and the composition of mixtures. See also Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).",1912,40,"Purdue University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Edward_Mills_Purcell.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edward_Mills_Purcell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell
Felix Bloch,1952 - Physics,"Bloch wave, Bloch sphere, Domain wall (magnetism)",,Male,"Zürich, Switzerland",Switzerland,,"Felix Bloch (October 23, 1905 – September 10, 1983) was a Swiss physicist, working mainly in the U.S. ",1905,47,"ETH Zurich, Leipzig University","Switzerland, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//0/0b/Felix_Bloch%2C_Stanford_University.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Felix_Bloch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Bloch
Hermann Staudinger,1953 - Chemestry,Polymer chemistry,,Male,"Worms, Grand Duchy of Hesse, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,"Hermann Staudinger (23 March 1881 – 8 September 1965) was a German chemist who demonstrated the existence of macromolecules, which he characterized as polymers. For this work he received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also known for his discovery of ketenes and of the Staudinger reaction.",1881,72,Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Hermann_Staudinger.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hermann_Staudinger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger
Winston Churchill,1953 - Literature,,,Male,"Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"English Statesman And Author, Prime Minister Of The United Kingdom","Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, DL, FRS, RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer (under the pen name Winston S. Churchill ), and an artist. Churchill is the only British Prime Minister to have won the Nobel Prize in Literature since its inception in 1901, and was the first person to be made an honorary citizen of the United States.",1874,79,"Harrow School, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Sir_Winston_S_Churchill.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Winston_Churchill,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill
Fritz Albert Lipmann,1953 - Medicine / Physiology,Coenzyme A,,Male,"Königsberg, Germany",Germany,American Biochemist,"Fritz Albert Lipmann, ForMemRS (June 12, 1899 – July 24, 1986) was a German-American biochemist and a co-discoverer in 1945 of coenzyme A. For this, together with other research on coenzyme A, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953 (shared with Hans Adolf Krebs ).",1899,54,"University of Königsberg, Humboldt University of Berlin, Kaiser Wilhelm Society, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Portrait_of_Fritz_Albert_Lipmann_%281899-1986%29%2C_Biochemist_%282551001689%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann
Hans Adolf Krebs,1953 - Medicine / Physiology,"Urea cycle, Citric acid cycle",Internal medicine,Male,"Hildesheim, Germany",Germany,British Biochemist,"Sir Hans Adolf Krebs (25 August 1900 – 22 November 1981) was a German-born British physician and biochemist. He was the pioneer scientist in study of cellular respiration, a biochemical pathway in cells for production of energy. He is best known for his discoveries of two important chemical reactions in the body, namely the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle. The latter, the key sequence of metabolic reactions that produces energy in cells, often eponymously known as the ""Krebs cycle"", earned him a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953. With Hans Kornberg, he also discovered the glyoxylate cycle, which is a slight variation of the citric acid cycle found in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi.",1900,53,"University of Göttingen, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Freiburg, University of Hamburg","Germany, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Hans_Adolf_Krebs.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hans_Adolf_Krebs,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs
George Marshall,1953 - Peace,,,Male,"Uniontown, Pennsylvania, United States",United States of America,Politician And United States Army General,"George Catlett Marshall, Jr. (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American soldier and statesman famous for his leadership roles during World War II and the Cold War. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Secretary of State, and the third Secretary of Defense. He was hailed as the ""organizer of victory"" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, Marshall served as the United States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief military adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt.",1880,73,Virginia Military Institute,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/General_George_C._Marshall%2C_official_military_photo%2C_1946.JPEG,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Marshall,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Marshall
Frits Zernike,1953 - Physics,"Ornstein–Zernike equation, Zernike polynomials, Phase contrast microscopy",,Male,"Amsterdam, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Physicist,"Frits Zernike ( /ˈzɜrn.ɨ.ki/; July 16, 1888 – March 10, 1966) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the cells. ",1888,65,University of Amsterdam,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Zernike.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frits_Zernike,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frits_Zernike
Linus Pauling,"1954 - Chemestry, 1962 - Peace",,"Quantum chemistry, Biochemistry",Male,"Portland, Oregon, United States",United States of America,"American Biochemist And Theoretical Chemist, Anti-nuclear Testing Campaigner","Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists of the 20th century. Pauling was one of the founders of the fields of quantum chemistry and molecular biology. ",1901,53,"California Institute of Technology, Oregon State University","United States of America, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/L_Pauling.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Linus_Pauling,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Pauling
Ernest Hemingway,1954 - Literature,,,Male,"Oak Park, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Writer And Journalist,"Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Additional works, including three novels, four short story collections, and three non-fiction works, were published posthumously. Many of his works are considered classics of American literature.",1899,55,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/ErnestHemingway.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ernest_Hemingway,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway
Thomas Huckle Weller,1954 - Medicine / Physiology,Poliomyelitis,,Male,"Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Thomas Huckle Weller (June 15, 1915 – August 23, 2008) was an American virologist. He, John Franklin Enders and Frederick Chapman Robbins were awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1954 for showing how to cultivate poliomyelitis viruses in a test tube, using a combination of human embryonic skin and muscle tissue. ",1915,39,"University of Michigan, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enc/cb/Thomas_Huckle_Weller.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Thomas_Huckle_Weller,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller
Frederick Chapman Robbins,1954 - Medicine / Physiology,,"Virology, Pediatrics",Male,"Auburn, Alabama, United States",United States of America,American Doctor,"Frederick Chapman Robbins (August 25, 1916 – August 4, 2003) was an American pediatrician and virologist.",1916,38,"Harvard University, University of Missouri",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en4/45/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins
John Franklin Enders,1954 - Medicine / Physiology,"Culturing poliovirus, isolating measles virus, Measles vaccine",,Male,"West Hartford, Connecticut, United States",United States of America,American Medical Researcher,"John Franklin Enders (February 10, 1897 – September 8, 1985) was an American biomedical scientist and Nobel laureate. Enders has been called ""The Father of Modern Vaccines."" ",1897,57,Yale University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en8/83/John_Franklin_Enders_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Franklin_Enders,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,"1954 - Peace, 1981 - Peace",,,,,,,"The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ), also known as the UN Refugee Agency, is a United Nations agency mandated to protect and support refugees at the request of a government or the UN itself and assists in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland and is a member of the United Nations Development Group. The UNHCR has won two Nobel Peace Prizes, once in 1954 and again in 1981. ",,,,,http://www.ungeorgia.ge/images/4815unhcr_logo.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees
Walther Bothe,1954 - Physics,Coincidence circuit,Mathematics,Male,"Oranienburg, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Walther Wilhelm Georg Bothe (8 January 1891 – 8 February 1957) was a German nuclear physicist, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954 with Max Born.",1891,63,Humboldt University of Berlin,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Bothe.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Walther_Bothe,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Bothe
Max Born,1954 - Physics,"Born approximation, Born–Landé equation, Born–Haber cycle, Probability amplitude, Born rigidity, Born–von Karman boundary condition, Born–Infeld model, Born–Huang approximation, Born rule, Born equation, Born coordinates",,Male,"Wrocław, Germany",Germany,,"Max Born ( German: [bɔɐ̯n]; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s. Born won the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his ""fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function"". ",1882,72,University of Göttingen,"Germany, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Max_Born.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Max_Born,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Born
Vincent du Vigneaud,1955 - Chemestry,,Chemistry,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Vincent du Vigneaud (May 18, 1901 – December 11, 1978) was an American biochemist. He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1955 for the isolation, structural identification, and total synthesis of the cyclic peptide, oxytocin. ",1901,54,University of Rochester,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/87/Vincent_du_Vigneaud.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Vincent_du_Vigneaud,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud
Halldór Laxness,1955 - Literature,,,Male,"Reykjavík, Iceland",Iceland,Icelandic Writer,"Halldór Kiljan Laxness ( Icelandic: [ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs]; born Halldór Guðjónsson; 23 April 1902 – 8 February 1998) was a twentieth-century Icelandic writer. Throughout his career Laxness wrote poetry, newspaper articles, plays, travelogues, short stories, and novels. Major influences on his writings include August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway. He received the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature; he is the only Icelandic Nobel laureate. Laxness was born under the name Halldór Guðjónsson (following the tradition of Icelandic patronymics ) in Reykjavík, the son of Guðjón Helgason and Sigríður Halldórsdóttir.",1902,53,,Iceland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Halld%C3%B3r_Kiljan_Laxness_1955.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness
Hugo Theorell,1955 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Linköping, Sweden",Sweden,,Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell ForMemRS (6 July 1903 – 15 August 1982) was a Swedish scientist and Nobel Prize laureate in medicine.,1903,52,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Hugo_Theorell_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hugo_Theorell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Theorell
Polykarp Kusch,1955 - Physics,Magnetic moment of the electron,,Male,"Blankenburg, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Polykarp Kusch (January 26, 1911 – March 20, 1993) was a German-American physicist. In 1955 he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics with Willis Eugene Lamb for his accurate determination that the magnetic moment of the electron was greater than its theoretical value, thus leading to reconsideration of—and innovations in— quantum electrodynamics.",1911,44,"Case Western Reserve University, University of Illinois",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Polykarp_Kusch.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Polykarp_Kusch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch
Willis Lamb,1955 - Physics,"Quantum optics, Lamb shift",,Male,"Los Angeles, United States",United States of America,,"Willis Eugene Lamb, Jr. (July 12, 1913 – May 15, 2008) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1955 together with Polykarp Kusch ""for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"". Lamb and Kusch were able to precisely determine certain electromagnetic properties of the electron (see Lamb shift ). Lamb was a professor at the University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences.",1913,42,University of California - Berkeley,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Willis_Lamb_1955.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Willis_Lamb,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Lamb
Cyril Norman Hinshelwood,1956 - Chemestry,,,Male,"London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Chemist,Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood OM PRS (19 June 1897 – 9 October 1967) was an English physical chemist.,1897,59,University of Oxford,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood
Nikolay Semyonov,1956 - Chemestry,Chemical transformation,"Physics, Chemistry",Male,"Saratov, Russia",Russia,Soviet Chemist,"Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov, ForMemRS ( Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов; April 15 [O.S. April 3] 1896 – September 25, 1986) was a Russian/Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.",1896,60,,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Nikolay_Semyonov_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nikolay_Semyonov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov
Juan Ramón Jiménez,1956 - Literature,,,Male,"Moguer, Spain",Spain,Spanish Poet,"Juan Ramón Jiménez Mantecón (23 December 1881 – 29 May 1958) was a Spanish poet, a prolific writer who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1956 ""for his lyrical poetry, which in the Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"". One of Jiménez's most important contributions to modern poetry was his advocacy of the French concept of ""pure poetry.""",1881,75,,Spain,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ene/ec/Juan_Ramon_Jimenez_and_Zenobia_Campubi.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Ram%C3%B3n_Jim%C3%A9nez
Dickinson W. Richards,1956 - Medicine / Physiology,Cardiac catheterization,,Male,"Orange, New Jersey, United States",United States of America,American Physician,"Dickinson Woodruff Richards, Jr. (October 30, 1895 – February 23, 1973) was an American physician and physiologist. He was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1956 with André Cournand and Werner Forssmann for the development of cardiac catheterization and the characterisation of a number of cardiac diseases.",1895,61,"Yale University, Columbia University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en7/77/Dickinson_W._Richards_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dickinson_W._Richards,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards
André Frédéric Cournand,1956 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Physiologist,"André Frédéric Cournand (September 24, 1895 – February 19, 1988) was a French physician and physiologist.",1895,61,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en4/47/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand
Werner Forssmann,1956 - Medicine / Physiology,Cardiac catheterization,,Male,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,"German Nazi Physician, Politician","Werner Theodor Otto Forßmann ( Forssmann in English; 29 August 1904 – 1 June 1979) was a physician from Germany who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Medicine (with Andre Cournand and Dickinson Richards ) for developing a procedure that allowed for cardiac catheterization. In 1929, he put himself under local anesthetic and inserted a catheter into a vein of his arm. Not knowing when the catheter might pierce a vein, he risked his life and was able to pass the catheter into his heart.",1904,52,Humboldt University of Berlin,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Werner_Forssmann_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Werner_Forssmann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Forssmann
Walter Houser Brattain,1956 - Physics,,Electronic engineering,Male,"Xiamen, China",China,American Physicist,"Walter Houser Brattain (February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the transistor. They shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention. He devoted much of his life to research on surface states.",1902,54,"University of Minnesota, Whitman College, University of Oregon",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Brattain.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Walter_Houser_Brattain,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain
William Shockley,1956 - Physics,"Diode, Point-contact transistor and BJT",,Male,"London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"Physicist, Inventor","William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American physicist and inventor. Along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain, Shockley co-invented the transistor, for which all three were awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics.",1910,46,"California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//f/f8/William_Shockley%2C_Stanford_University.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Shockley,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley
John Bardeen,"1956 - Physics, ","BCS theory, Transistor",,Male,"Madison, Wisconsin, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer, the only person to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.",1908,48,"Princeton University, University of Wisconsin","United States of America, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Bardeen.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Bardeen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen
The Lord Todd,1957 - Chemestry,,,Male,,,Scottish Biochemist,"Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd, OM, PRS FRSE (2 October 1907 – 10 January 1997) was a British biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.",1907,50,"University of Glasgow, University of Oxford, Goethe University Frankfurt",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Alexander_Todd_Nobel.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Alexander_R._Todd,_Baron_Todd","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd,_Baron_Todd"
Albert Camus,1957 - Literature,,,Male,"Mondovi, Algeria",Algeria,Algerian-french Author And Philosopher,"Albert Camus ( French: [albɛʁ kamy]; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French-Algerian Nobel Prize winning author, journalist, and philosopher. His views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism. He wrote in his essay "" The Rebel "" that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism while still delving deeply into individual and sexual freedom.",1913,44,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Albert_Camus%2C_gagnant_de_prix_Nobel%2C_portrait_en_buste%2C_pos%C3%A9_au_bureau%2C_faisant_face_%C3%A0_gauche%2C_cigarette_de_tabagisme.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albert_Camus,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Camus
Daniel Bovet,1957 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Neuchâtel, Switzerland",Switzerland,Swiss Pharmacologist,"Daniel Bovet ForMemRS (23 March 1907 – 8 April 1992) was a Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist who won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of drugs that block the actions of specific neurotransmitters. He is best known for his discovery in 1937 of antihistamines, which block the neurotransmitter histamine and are used in allergy medication. His other research included work on chemotherapy, sulfa drugs, the sympathetic nervous system, the pharmacology of curare, and other neuropharmacological interests.",1907,50,,"Italy, Switzerland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Daniel_Bovet_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Daniel_Bovet,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bovet
Lester B. Pearson,1957 - Peace,,,Male,"Newtonbrook, Canada",Canada,,"Lester Bowles ""Mike"" Pearson, PC, OM, CC, OBE (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian professor, historian, civil servant, statesman, diplomat, soldier, and politician, who won the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis. He was the 14th Prime Minister of Canada from 22 April 1963 to 20 April 1968, as the head of two back-to-back Liberal minority governments following elections in 1963 and 1965.",1897,60,"University of Oxford, University of Toronto",Canada,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Lester_B._Pearson_1958.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Lester_B._Pearson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson
Tsung-Dao Lee,1957 - Physics,Non-topological soliton,,Male,China,China,,"Tsung-Dao Lee ( T. D. Lee, Chinese: 李政道; pinyin: Lǐ Zhèngdào ) (born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese-born American physicist, well known for his work on parity violation, the Lee Model, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons and soliton stars. He holds the rank of University Professor Emeritus at Columbia University, where he has taught since 1953 and from which he retired in 2012. ",1926,31,"University of Chicago, Zhejiang University, National Southwestern Associated University","China, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Tdlee_ccast.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Tsung-Dao_Lee,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee
Chen Ning Yang,1957 - Physics,,,Male,"Anhui, Hefei, China",China,,"Chen-Ning Franklin Yang ( /jɑːŋ,jæŋ/; born October 1, 1922), also known as Yang Zhenning, is a Chinese-born American physicist who works on statistical mechanics and particle physics. He and Tsung-dao Lee received the 1957 Nobel prize in physics for their work on parity nonconservation of weak interaction, proved experimentally that one of the basic quantum-mechanics laws, called the conservation of parity, is violated in the so-called weak nuclear reactions, those nuclear processes that result in the emission of beta or alpha particles of nuclear's radioactivities reactions. Yang became a naturalized American citizen in 1964.",1922,35,"University of Chicago, Tsinghua University, National Southwestern Associated University","China, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/CNYang.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Chen_Ning_Yang,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang
Frederick Sanger,"1958 - Chemestry, 1980 - Chemestry","Sanger sequencing, Amino acid sequence of insulin",,Male,"Rendcomb, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Biochemist,"Frederick Sanger, OM, CH, CBE, FRS, FAA ( /ˈsæŋər/; 13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was a British biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry twice, one of only two people to have done so in the same category (the other is John Bardeen in Physics), the fourth person overall with two Nobel Prizes, and the third person overall with two Nobel Prizes in the sciences. In 1958, he was awarded a Nobel Prize in chemistry ""for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin "". In 1980, Walter Gilbert and Sanger shared half of the chemistry prize ""for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids "". The other half was awarded to Paul Berg ""for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant DNA "". ",1918,40,University of Cambridge,"United Kingdom, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Frederick_Sanger2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frederick_Sanger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger
Boris Pasternak,1958 - Literature,,,Male,"Moscow, Russia",Russia,Russian Poet And Writer,"Boris Leonidovich Pasternak ( Russian: Бори́с Леони́дович Пастерна́к; IPA: [bɐˈrʲis lʲeɐˈnʲidəvʲɪt͡ɕ pəstʲɪrˈnak]; 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1890 – 30 May 1960) was a Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator. In his native Russia, Pasternak's first book of poems, My Sister, Life, is one of the most influential collections ever published in the Russian language. Furthermore, Pasternak's translations of stage plays by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, and William Shakespeare remain very popular with Russian audiences.",1890,68,,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Boris_Pasternak_cropped.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Boris_Pasternak,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Pasternak
Joshua Lederberg,1958 - Medicine / Physiology,"Astrobiology, Bacterial conjugation, Transduction (genetics), Neurospora crassa, Dendral",Microbiology,Male,"Montclair, New Jersey, United States",United States of America,American Molecular Biologist,"Joshua Lederberg, ForMemRS (May 23, 1925 – February 2, 2008) was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program. He was just 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that bacteria can mate and exchange genes. He shared the prize with Edward L. Tatum and George Beadle who won for their work with genetics.",1925,33,"Yale University, Columbia University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ene/e4/Joshua_Lederberg-nih.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Joshua_Lederberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg
Edward Lawrie Tatum,1958 - Medicine / Physiology,Gene regulation of biochemical events within cells,Genetics,Male,"Boulder, Colorado, United States",United States of America,Genetics Scientist,"Edward Lawrie Tatum (December 14, 1909 – November 5, 1975) was an American geneticist. He shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958 with George Wells Beadle for showing that genes control individual steps in metabolism. The other half of that year's award went to Joshua Lederberg.",1909,49,"University of Chicago, University of Wisconsin",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en3/32/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum
George Wells Beadle,1958 - Medicine / Physiology,"One gene-one enzyme hypothesis, Gene regulation of biochemical events within cells",,Male,"Wahoo, Nebraska, United States",United States of America,Genetics Scientist,"George Wells Beadle (October 22, 1903 – June 9, 1989) was an American scientist in the field of genetics, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Nobel laureate who with Edward Lawrie Tatum discovered the role of genes in regulating biochemical events within cells in 1958. ",1903,55,"University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Cornell University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/24/George_Wells_Beadle.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Wells_Beadle,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle
Dominique Pire,1958 - Peace,,,Male,"Dinant, Belgium",Belgium,,"Dominique Pire (full name: Georges Charles Clement Ghislain Pire; February 10, 1910 – January 30, 1969) was a Belgian Dominican friar whose work helping refugees in post- World War II Europe saw him receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1958. On Dec. 11, 1958 Pire delivered his Nobel Lecture entitled ""Brotherly Love: Foundation of Peace"". ",1910,48,"Catholic University of Leuven, Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas",Belgium,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Georges_Pire_1958.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dominique_Pire,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominique_Pire
Igor Tamm,1958 - Physics,"Tokamak, Thermonuclear weapon, Surface states, Frank–Tamm formula, Neutron magnetic moment, Tamm-Dancoff approximation",,Male,"Vladivostok, Russia",Russia,Russian Physicist,"Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm ( Russian И́горь Евге́ньевич Тамм; 8 July 1895 – 12 April 1971) was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Ilya Frank, for their 1934 discovery of Cherenkov radiation.",1895,63,"University of Edinburgh, Moscow State University",Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Igor_Tamm.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Igor_Tamm,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Tamm
Ilya Frank,1958 - Physics,Cherenkov radiation,,Male,"Saint Petersburg, Russia",Russia,Soviet Physicist,"Ilya Mikhailovich Frank ( Russian: Илья́ Миха́йлович Франк ) (23 October 1908 – 22 June 1990) was a Soviet winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1958 jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. He received the award for his work in explaining the phenomenon of Cherenkov radiation. He received the Stalin prize in 1946 and 1953 and the USSR state prize in 1971.",1908,50,Moscow State University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Ilya_Frank.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ilya_Frank,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Frank
Pavel Cherenkov,1958 - Physics,Characterizing Cherenkov radiation,,Male,"Voronezh Oblast, Russia",Russia,Soviet Physicist,"Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov ( Russian: Па́вел Алексе́евич Черенко́в, 1904–1990) was a Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, made in 1934. ",1904,54,Voronezh State University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Cerenkov.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Pavel_Cherenkov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Cherenkov
Jaroslav Heyrovský,1959 - Chemestry,"Analytical chemistry, Polarography","Polarography, Electroanalytical chemistry",Male,"Bohemia, Germany",Germany,Czech Chemist,"Jaroslav Heyrovský ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈjaroslaf ˈɦɛjrofskiː]  ) (December 20, 1890 – March 27, 1967) was a Czech chemist and inventor. Heyrovský was the inventor of the polarographic method, father of the electroanalytical method, and recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1959. His main field of work was polarography. ",1890,69,"Charles University in Prague, University College London",Czech Republic,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Heyrovsky_Jaroslav.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD
Salvatore Quasimodo,1959 - Literature,,,Male,"Modica, Italy",Italy,Italian Writer,"Salvatore Quasimodo ( Italian: [salvaˈtoːre kwaˈziːmodo]; August 20, 1901 – June 14, 1968), pen name of Salvatore Ragusa, was an Italian author and poet. In 1959 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature ""for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"". Along with Giuseppe Ungaretti and Eugenio Montale, he is one of the foremost Italian poets of the 20th century.",1901,58,,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Salvatore_Quasimodo_1959.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Salvatore_Quasimodo,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo
Arthur Kornberg,1959 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Arthur Kornberg (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of ""the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)"" together with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University. He was also awarded the Paul-Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry from the American Chemical Society in 1951, L.H.D. degree from Yeshiva University in 1962, as well as National Medal of Science in 1979.",1918,41,University of Rochester,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Arthur_Kornberg.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arthur_Kornberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg
Severo Ochoa,1959 - Medicine / Physiology,Biological synthesis of RNA and DNA,,Male,"Asturias, Luarca, Spain",Spain,Spanish Physician,"Severo Ochoa de Albornoz ( Spanish: [seˈβeɾo oˈtʃoa ðe alβorˈnoθ]; 24 September 1905 – 1 November 1993) was a Spanish - American physician and biochemist, and joint winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arthur Kornberg.",1905,54,,"Spain, United Kingdom, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enb/b7/Severo_Ochoa_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Severo_Ochoa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severo_Ochoa
Philip Noel-Baker,1959 - Peace,,,Male,"Hendon, London, United States",United States of America,"British Athlete, Politician, Cabinet Minister","Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker (1 November 1889 – 8 October 1982) was a British politician, diplomat, academic, an outstanding amateur athlete, and renowned campaigner for disarmament. He carried the British team flag and won an Olympic silver medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1959. He is the only person to have won an Olympic medal and also received a Nobel Prize. He was a Labour member of parliament from 1929 to 1931 and from 1936 to 1970, serving in several ministerial offices and the cabinet. He became a life peer in 1977.",1889,70,Haverford College,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Philip_Noel-Baker_1942.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Philip_Noel-Baker,_Baron_Noel-Baker","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker,_Baron_Noel-Baker"
Owen Chamberlain,1959 - Physics,,,Male,"San Francisco, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Owen Chamberlain (July 10, 1920 – February 28, 2006) was an American physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his discovery, with collaborator Emilio Segrè, of antiprotons, a sub-atomic antiparticle. ",1920,39,"University of California - Berkeley, University of Chicago, Dartmouth College",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Owen_Chamberlain,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain
Emilio G. Segrè,1959 - Physics,"Astatine, Technetium, Antiproton",,Male,"Tivoli, Lazio, Italy",Italy,Italian Physicist,"Emilio Gino Segrè (30 January 1905 – 22 April 1989) was an Italian physicist and Nobel laureate who discovered the elements technetium and astatine, and the antiproton, a sub-atomic antiparticle, for which he was awarded the in Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959.",1905,54,Sapienza University of Rome,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Segre.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_G._Segr%C3%A8
Willard Libby,1960 - Chemestry,Radiocarbon dating,Radioactive decay,Male,"Grand Valley, Colorado, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Willard Frank Libby (December 17, 1908 – September 8, 1980) was an American physical chemist noted for his role in the 1949 development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionized archaeology. For his contributions to the team that developed this process, Libby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960. ",1908,52,"University of California - Berkeley, University of California - Berkeley",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en6/66/Willard_Libby.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Willard_Libby,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Libby
Saint-John Perse,1960 - Literature,,,Male,"Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe",Guadeloupe,French Poet,"Saint-John Perse (also Saint-Leger Leger; pseudonyms of Alexis Leger ) (31 May 1887–20 September 1975) was a French poet-diplomat, awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1960 ""for the soaring flight and evocative imagery of his poetry."" He was a major French diplomat from 1914 to 1940, after which he lived primarily in the United States until 1967.",1887,73,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Saint-John_Perse_1960.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Saint-John_Perse,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-John_Perse
Frank Macfarlane Burnet,1960 - Medicine / Physiology,Acquired immune tolerance,,Male,"Traralgon, Australia",Australia,Australian Virologist,"Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, OMAKKBEFRSFAAFRSNZ (3 September 1899 – 31 August 1985), usually known as Macfarlane or Mac Burnet, was an Australian virologist best known for his contributions to immunology. He won the Nobel Prize in 1960 for predicting acquired immune tolerance and was best known for developing the theory of clonal selection.",1899,61,,Australia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet
Peter Medawar,1960 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Rio de Janeiro, Brazil",Brazil,Scientist,"Sir Peter Brian Medawar OMCBEFRS (28 February 1915 – 2 October 1987) was a British biologist born in Brazil, whose work on graft rejection and the discovery of acquired immune tolerance was fundamental to the practice of tissue and organ transplants. He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet. For his works he is regarded as the ""father of transplantation"". He is remembered for his wit in real life and popular writings. Famous zoologists such as Richard Dawkins, referred to him as ""the wittiest of all scientific writers"", and Stephen Jay Gould, as ""the cleverest man I have ever known"". ",1915,45,University of Oxford,"Brazil, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Peter_Brian_Medawar.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_Medawar,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Medawar
Albert Lutuli,1960 - Peace,,,Male,"Bulawayo, South Africa",South Africa,,"Inkosi Albert John Lutuli (commonly spelled Luthuli; c. 1898 – 21 July 1967), also known by his Zulu name Mvumbi, was a South African teacher and politician. Luthuli was elected president of the African National Congress (ANC), at the time an umbrella organisation that led opposition to the white minority government in South Africa. He was awarded the 1960 Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the non-violent struggle against apartheid. He was the first African, and the first person from outside Europe and the Americas, to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.",1898,62,,South Africa,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Albert_Lutuli_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albert_Lutuli,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Lutuli
Donald A. Glaser,1960 - Physics,Bubble chamber,,Male,"Cleveland, United States",United States of America,American Physicist And Neurobiologist,"Donald Arthur Glaser (September 21, 1926 – February 28, 2013) was an American physicist, neurobiologist, and the winner of the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber used in subatomic particle physics. ",1926,34,"California Institute of Technology, Case School of Engineering",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Donald_Glaser.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Donald_A._Glaser,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_A._Glaser
Melvin Calvin,1961 - Chemestry,Light-independent reactions,"Chemistry, Biology",Male,"St. Paul, Minnesota, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Melvin Ellis Calvin (April 8, 1911 – January 8, 1997) was an American chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley.",1911,50,"Michigan Technological University, University of Minnesota",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Melvin_Calvin.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Melvin_Calvin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Calvin
Ivo Andrić,1961 - Literature,,,Male,"Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina",Bosnia and Herzegovina,"Novelist, Short Story Writer","Ivan ""Ivo"" Andrić ( pronounced [ǐʋan ǐːʋɔ ǎːndritɕ] ) (9 October 1892 – 13 March 1975) was a Yugoslav novelist, short story writer, and the 1961 winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. His writings dealt mainly with life in his native Bosnia under the Ottoman Empire.",1892,69,,Yugoslavia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/S._Kragujevic%2C_Ivo_Andric%2C_1961.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ivo_Andri%C4%87,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87
Georg von Békésy,1961 - Medicine / Physiology,Cochlea,,Male,"Budapest, Hungary",Hungary,Hungarian Physicist,"Georg von Békésy (Békésy György) (3 June 1899 – 13 June 1972) was a Hungarian biophysicist born in Budapest, Hungary. In 1961, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the function of the cochlea in the mammalian hearing organ. ",1899,62,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en9/9f/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy
Dag Hammarskjöld,1961 - Peace,,,Male,"Jönköping, Sweden",Sweden,Secretary-general Of The United Nations,"Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld ( Swedish: [dɑːɡ ˈhamːarɧœld]; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish diplomat, economist, and author. The second Secretary-General of the United Nations, he served from April 1953 until his death in a plane crash in September 1961. At the age of 7.00147E+18 47 years, 7.00226E+18 255 days, Hammarskjöld is the youngest to have held the post. He is one of just three people to be awarded a posthumous Nobel Prize. Hammarskjöld is the only U.N. Secretary-General to die in office; his death occurred en route to cease-fire negotiations. American President John F. Kennedy called Hammarskjöld ""the greatest statesman of our century"". ",1905,56,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld
Robert Hofstadter,1961 - Physics,"Electron scattering, Atomic nucleus",,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Robert Hofstadter (February 5, 1915 – November 17, 1990) was an American physicist. He was the joint winner of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics (together with Rudolf Mössbauer ) ""for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his consequent discoveries concerning the structure of nucleons."" ",1915,46,"Princeton University, City University of New York",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Robert_Hofstadter.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Hofstadter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter
Rudolf Mössbauer,1961 - Physics,"Mössbauer effect, Mössbauer spectroscopy",,Male,"Munich, Germany",Germany,German Nuclear Physicist,"Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer (German spelling: Mößbauer; 31 January 1929 – 14 September 2011 ) was a German physicist best known for his 1957 discovery of recoilless nuclear resonance fluorescence for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Physics. This effect, called the Mössbauer effect, is the basis for Mössbauer spectroscopy. ",1929,32,Technische Universität München,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Mossbauer.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer
John Kendrew,1962 - Chemestry,Heme-containing proteins,Crystallography,Male,"Oxford, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Biochemist And Crystallographer,"Sir John Cowdery Kendrew, CBE, FRS (24 March 1917 – 23 August 1997) was an English biochemist and crystallographer who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Max Perutz; their group in the Cavendish Laboratory investigated the structure of heme -containing proteins.",1917,45,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/John_Kendrew_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Kendrew,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kendrew
Max Perutz,1962 - Chemestry,Heme-containing proteins,,Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,,"Max Ferdinand Perutz, OM, CH, CBE, FRS (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian -born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of hemoglobin and myoglobin. He went on to win the Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1971 and the Copley Medal in 1979. At Cambridge he founded and chaired (1962–79) The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, fourteen of whose scientists have won Nobel Prizes. Perutz's contributions to molecular biology in Cambridge are documented in The History of the University of Cambridge: Volume 4 (1870 to 1990) published by the Cambridge University Press in 1992.",1914,48,"University of Cambridge, University of Vienna",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//3/34/Max_Perutz.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Max_Perutz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Perutz
John Steinbeck,1962 - Literature,,,Male,"Salinas Valley, California, United States",United States of America,American Writer,"John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was an American author of twenty-seven books, including sixteen novels, six non-fiction books, and five collections of short stories. He is widely known for the Pulitzer Prize -winning novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939), East of Eden (1952) and the novella Of Mice and Men (1937). Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962 ""for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"".",1902,60,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/John_Steinbeck_1962.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Steinbeck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Steinbeck
Francis Crick,1962 - Medicine / Physiology,"Consciousness, Adaptor hypothesis",,Male,"Northamptonshire, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"British Molecular Biologist, Biophysicist, Neuroscientist","Francis Harry Compton Crick, OM, FRS (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson. He, Watson, and Maurice Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine ""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"". ",1916,46,"University College London, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Francis_Crick_crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Francis_Crick,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Crick
Maurice Wilkins,1962 - Medicine / Physiology,"X-ray diffraction, DNA",,Male,"Wairarapa, Pongaroa, New Zealand",New Zealand,,"Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRS (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born English physicist and molecular biologist, and Nobel Laureate whose research contributed to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and to the development of radar. He is best known for his work at King's College London on the structure of DNA which falls into three distinct phases. The first was in 1948–50 where his initial studies produced the first clear X-ray images of DNA which he presented at a conference in Naples in 1951 attended by James Watson. During the second phase of work (1951–52) he produced clear ""B form"" ""X"" shaped images from squid sperm which he sent to James Watson and Francis Crick causing Watson to write ""Wilkins... has obtained extremely excellent X-ray diffraction photographs"". Throughout this period Wilkins was consistent in his belief that DNA was helical even when Rosalind Franklin expressed strong views to the contrary. ",1916,46,University of Cambridge,"New Zealand, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Maurice_H_F_Wilkins.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Maurice_Wilkins,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins
James D. Watson,1962 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,,"James Dewey Watson, KBE (hon.), ForMemRS, (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as a co-discoverer of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick. Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ""for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"". ",1928,34,"University of Chicago, Indiana University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/James_D_Watson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_D._Watson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Watson
Lev Landau,1962 - Physics,,,Male,"Baku, Azerbaijan",Azerbaijan,Physicist,"Lev Davidovich Landau ( Russian: Ле́в Дави́дович Ланда́у; IPA: [lʲɛv dɐ'vidəvʲit͡ɕ lɐn'daʊ]; January 22 [O.S. January 9] 1908 – April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. His accomplishments include the independent co-discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics (alongside John von Neumann ), the quantum mechanical theory of diamagnetism, the theory of superfluidity, the theory of second-order phase transitions, the Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity, the theory of Fermi liquid, the explanation of Landau damping in plasma physics, the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics, the two-component theory of neutrinos, and Landau's equations for S matrix singularities. He received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his development of a mathematical theory of superfluidity that accounts for the properties of liquid helium II at a temperature below 2.17 K ( −270.98 °C ). ",1908,54,"Baku State University, Saint Petersburg State University, Russian Academy of Sciences",Azerbaijan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Landau.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Lev_Landau,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Landau
Karl Ziegler,1963 - Chemestry,Ziegler–Natta catalyst,,Male,"Helsa near Kassel, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,"Karl Waldemar Ziegler (November 26, 1898 – August 12, 1973) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, with Giulio Natta, for work on polymers. The Nobel Committee recognized his ""excellent work on organometallic compounds...led to new polymerization reactions and... paved the way for new and highly useful industrial processes"". He is also known for his work involving free-radicals, many-membered rings, and organometallic compounds, as well as the development of Ziegler–Natta catalyst. One of many awards Ziegler received was the Werner von Siemens Ring in 1960 jointly with Otto Bayer and Walter Reppe, for expanding the scientific knowledge of and the technical development of new synthetic materials. ",1898,65,University of Marburg,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Karl_Ziegler_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Karl_Ziegler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Ziegler
Giulio Natta,1963 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Imperia, Italy",Italy,Italian Chemist,Giulio Natta (26 February 1903 – 2 May 1979) was an Italian chemist and Nobel laureate. He won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963 with Karl Ziegler for work on high polymers. He was also a recipient of Lomonosov Gold Medal in 1969.,1903,60,Polytechnic University of Milan,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Giulio_Natta_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Giulio_Natta,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio_Natta
Giorgos Seferis,1963 - Literature,,,Male,"Urla, İzmir, Turkey",Turkey,Greek Diplomat,"Giorgos or George Seferis ( Greek: Γιώργος Σεφέρης ), the pen name of Georgios Seferiades (Γεώργιος Σεφεριάδης; March 13 [O.S. February 29] 1900 – September 20, 1971), was a Greek poet-diplomat. He was one of the most important Greek poets of the 20th century, and a Nobel laureate. He was a career diplomat in the Greek Foreign Service, culminating in his appointment as Ambassador to the UK, a post which he held from 1957 to 1962.",1900,63,,Greece,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/George_Seferis.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Giorgos_Seferis,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgos_Seferis
John Eccles,1963 - Medicine / Physiology,Work on the synapse,,Male,"Melbourne, Australia",Australia,Australian Neurophysioloigst,"Sir John Carew Eccles, AC FRS FRACP FRSNZ FAAS (27 January 1903 – 2 May 1997) was an Australian neurophysiologist who won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse. He shared the prize with Andrew Huxley and Alan Lloyd Hodgkin.",1903,60,"University of Oxford, University of Melbourne",Australia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Eccles_lab.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin,1963 - Medicine / Physiology,,"Physiology, Biophysics",Male,"Banbury, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Physiologist And Biophysicist,"Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, OM, KBE, PRS (5 February 1914 – 20 December 1998) was an English physiologist and biophysicist, who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Andrew Huxley and John Eccles.",1914,49,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin
Andrew Huxley,1963 - Medicine / Physiology,"Nerve action potential, Muscle contraction",,Male,"Hampstead, London, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Physiologist And Biophysicist,"Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley, OM, PRS (22 November 1917 – 30 May 2012) was a Nobel Prize -winning English physiologist and biophysicist. He was born into the prominent Huxley family. After graduating from Westminster School in Central London, from where he won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, he joined Alan Lloyd Hodgkin to study nerve impulses. Their eventual discovery of the basis propagation of nerve impulses (called action potential) earned them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963. They made their discovery from the giant axon of the Atlantic squid. Soon after the outbreak of Second World War, Huxley was recruited by the British Anti-Aircraft Command and later transferred to the Admiralty. After the war he resumed research at Cambridge University, where he developed interference microscopy that would be suitable for studying muscle fibres. In 1952 he was joined by a German physiologist Rolf Niedergerke. Together they discovered in 1954 the mechanism of muscle contraction, popularly called the "" sliding filament theory "", which is the foundation of modern understanding of muscle mechanics. In 1960 he became head of the Department of Physiology at University College London. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1955, and President in 1980. The Royal Society awarded him the Copley Medal in 1973 for his collective contribution to nerve impulse and muscle contraction. He was conferred Knight Bachelor by Queen Elizabeth II in 1974, and was appointed to the Order of Merit in 1983. He was fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge, until his death.",1917,46,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Andrew_Huxley,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Huxley
League of Red Cross societies,1963 - Peace,,,,,,,"The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies reaching 160 million people each year through its 189 member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disasters and health emergencies to meet the needs and improve the lives of vulnerable people. It does so with impartiality as to nationality, race, gender, religious beliefs, class and political opinions.",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Emblem_of_the_IFRC.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Societies
Maria Goeppert-Mayer,1963 - Physics,Nuclear shell model,,Female,"Katowice, Germany",Germany,American Physicist,"Maria Goeppert Mayer (June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. She was the second female Nobel laureate in physics, after Marie Curie.",1906,57,University of Göttingen,"Germany, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Mayer.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer
J. Hans D. Jensen,1963 - Physics,,,Male,"Hamburg, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (25 June 1907 – 11 February 1973) was a German nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, known as the Uranium Club, in which he made contributions to the separation of uranium isotopes. After the war Jensen was a professor at the University of Heidelberg. He was a visiting professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, the Institute for Advanced Study, Indiana University, and the California Institute of Technology.",1907,56,University of Hamburg,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Jensen.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/J._Hans_D._Jensen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen
Eugene Wigner,1963 - Physics,"Wigner D-matrix, Conservation law, Wigner–Seitz radius, Wigner's friend, Wigner–Eckart theorem, Wigner semicircle distribution, Wigner–d'Espagnat inequality, Parity (physics), Wigner effect, Group contraction, Wigner–Weyl transform, Newton–Wigner localization, Wigner–Seitz cell, Bargmann–Wigner equations, Wigner crystal, Gabor–Wigner transform, Relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution, Thomas-Wigner rotation, Wigner distribution function, Wigner lattice, Wigner-Wilkins Spectra",Atomic physics,Male,"Budapest, Hungary",Hungary,Mathematician,"Eugene Paul "" E. P. "" Wigner ( Hungarian: Wigner Jenő Pál; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995), was a Hungarian American theoretical physicist and mathematician. He received a share of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 ""for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles""; the other half of the award was shared between Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen. Wigner is notable for having laid the foundation for the theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics as well as for his research into the structure of the atomic nucleus. It was Eugene Wigner who first identified Xe-135 ""poisoning"" in nuclear reactors, and for this reason it is sometimes referred to as Wigner poisoning. Wigner is also important for his work in pure mathematics, having authored a number of theorems. In particular, Wigner's theorem is a cornerstone in the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics.",1902,61,Technical University of Berlin,"Hungary, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Wigner.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eugene_Wigner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Wigner
Dorothy Hodgkin,1964 - Chemestry,"Structure of Insulin, Protein crystallography",,Female,"Cairo, Egypt",Egypt,Medical Scientist,"Dorothy Mary Hodgkin, OM, FRS (12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994), known professionally as Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin or simply Dorothy Hodgkin, was a British biochemist, credited with the development of protein crystallography. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964. ",1910,54,"University of Oxford, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en3/3f/Dorothy_Hodgkin_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dorothy_Hodgkin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin
Jean-Paul Sartre,1964 - Literature,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Philosopher,"Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre ( /ˈsɑrtrə/; French: [saʁtʁ]; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology, and one of the leading figures in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism.",1905,59,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Jean-Paul_Sartre_FP.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jean-Paul_Sartre,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre
Konrad Emil Bloch,1964 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,American Biochemist,"Konrad Emil Bloch, ForMemRS (January 21, 1912 – October 15, 2000) was a German American biochemist. Bloch received the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 1964 (joint with Feodor Lynen ) for discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism.",1912,52,,"Germany, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Konrad_Bloch.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Konrad_Emil_Bloch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch
Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen,1964 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Munich, Germany",Germany,German Biochemist,"Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen ForMemRS (6 April 1911 – 6 August 1979) was a German biochemist. In 1964 he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Konrad Bloch for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism while he was director of the Max-Planck Institute for Cellular Chemistry in Munich,.",1911,53,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Feodor_Lynen_with_pipette.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen
Martin Luther King Jr.,1964 - Peace,,,Male,"Atlanta, Georgia, United States",United States of America,Political Activist,"Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.",1929,35,"Boston University, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Martin_Luther_King_Jr_NYWTS.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr."
Charles Hard Townes,1964 - Physics,Inventing the Maser,,Male,"Greenville, South Carolina, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Charles Hard Townes (born July 28, 1915) is an American Nobel Prize-winning physicist and educator. Townes is known for his work on the theory and application of the maser, on which he got the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics connected with both maser and laser devices. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Nikolay Basov and Alexander Prokhorov.",1915,49,"Duke University, California Institute of Technology, Furman University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en6/6e/Charles_Townes_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Hard_Townes,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes
Alexander Prokhorov,1964 - Physics,Lasers and masers,,Male,"Atherton, Queensland, Australia",Australia,Soviet Physicist,"Alexander Mikhaylovich Prokhorov, or Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov, ( Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Про́хоров; 11 July 1916 – 8 January 2002) was a Soviet physicist known for his pioneering research on lasers and masers for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Charles Hard Townes and Nikolay Basov.",1916,48,,"Australia, Russia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Aleksandr_Prokhorov.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alexander_Prokhorov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Prokhorov
Nikolay Basov,1964 - Physics,Invention of lasers and masers,,Male,"Usman, Russia",Russia,Soviet Physicist,"Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov ( Russian: Никола́й Генна́диевич Ба́сов; 14 December 1922 – 1 July 2001) was a Soviet physicist and educator. For his fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics that led to the development of laser and maser, Basov shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with Alexander Prokhorov and Charles Hard Townes. ",1922,42,National Research Nuclear University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Basov.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nikolay_Basov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Basov
Robert Burns Woodward,1965 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Boston, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,Organic Chemist,"Robert Burns Woodward (April 10, 1917 – July 8, 1979) was an American organic chemist. He is considered by many to be the preeminent organic chemist of the twentieth century, having made many key contributions to the subject, especially in the synthesis of complex natural products and the determination of their molecular structure. He also worked closely with Roald Hoffmann on theoretical studies of chemical reactions. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1965.",1917,48,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enb/bf/Robert_Woodward_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Burns_Woodward,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward
Mikhail Sholokhov,1965 - Literature,,,Male,"Vyoshenskaya, Russia",Russia,Soviet Writer,"Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov ( Russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Шо́лохов ) (May 24 [O.S. May 11] 1905 – February 21, 1984) was a Soviet / Russian novelist and winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is known for writing about life and fate of Don Cossacks during Russian revolution, Civil War and collectivization, primarily the famous And Quiet Flows the Don.",1905,60,,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Sholokhov-1938.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mikhail_Sholokhov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Sholokhov
Jacques Monod,1965 - Medicine / Physiology,"Allosteric regulation, Lac operon",,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Biologist,"Jacques Lucien Monod (9 February 1910 – 31 May 1976) was a French biologist who was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965, sharing it with François Jacob and Andre Lwoff ""for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"". ",1910,55,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Jacques_Monod_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jacques_Monod,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Monod
André Michel Lwoff,1965 - Medicine / Physiology,Provirus,,Male,"Ainay-le-Château, France",France,French Microbiologist,André Michel Lwoff (8 May 1902 – 30 September 1994) was a French microbiologist.,1902,63,Pasteur Institute,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Andr%C3%A9_Lwoff_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff
François Jacob,1965 - Medicine / Physiology,Operon,,Male,"Nancy, France",France,French Scientist,"François Jacob (17 June 1920 – 19 April 2013) was a French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through regulation of transcription. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Jacques Monod and André Lwoff. ",1920,45,University of Paris,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF),1965 - Peace,,,,,,,The United Nations Children's Fund ( UNICEF; /ˈjuːnɨsɛf/ EW-ni-sef ) is a United Nations Program headquartered in New York City that provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. It is one of the members of the United Nations Development Group and its Executive Committee.,,,,,http://internationalwatersafetyday.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/logo_unicef2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/UNICEF,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF
Richard Feynman,1965 - Physics,,,Male,"Queens, New York, United States",United States of America,American Nobel Physicist And Science Educator,"Richard Phillips Feynman ( /ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics (he proposed the parton model). For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time. ",1918,47,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Princeton University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/42/Richard_Feynman_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_Feynman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman
Julian Schwinger,1965 - Physics,"Schwinger limit, Lippmann–Schwinger equation, Schwinger's quantum action principle, Schwinger model, Spin–statistics theorem, Schwinger function, Rarita–Schwinger equation, Schwinger parametrization, Schwinger-Dyson equations",,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Julian Seymour Schwinger (February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order. Schwinger was a professor in the physics department at UCLA.",1918,47,"Columbia University, City University of New York",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Schwinger.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Julian_Schwinger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Schwinger
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga,1965 - Physics,Quantum electrodynamics,,Male,"Tokyo, Japan",Japan,Japanese Physicist,"Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (朝永 振一郎,Tomonaga Shin'ichirō?, March 31, 1906 – July 8, 1979) was a Japanese physicist, influential in the development of quantum electrodynamics, work for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 along with Richard Feynman and Julian Schwinger.",1906,59,Kyoto University,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Tomonaga.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga
Robert S. Mulliken,1966 - Chemestry,Molecular orbital,,Male,"Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Physicist And Chemist,"Robert Sanderson Mulliken ForMemRS (June 7, 1896 – October 31, 1986) was an American physicist and chemist, primarily responsible for the early development of molecular orbital theory, i.e. the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules. Dr. Mulliken received the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1966. He received the Priestley Medal in 1983. ",1896,70,"University of Chicago, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//6/6a/Mulliken%2CRobert_1929_Chicago.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_S._Mulliken,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken
Nelly Sachs,1966 - Literature,,,Female,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,German Author,"Nelly Sachs (10 December 1891 – 12 May 1970) was a Jewish German poet and playwright whose experiences resulting from the rise of the Nazis in World War II Europe transformed her into a poignant spokeswoman for the grief and yearnings of her fellow Jews. Her best-known play is Eli: Ein Mysterienspiel vom Leiden Israels (1950); other works include the poems ""Zeichen im Sand"" (1962), ""Verzauberung"" (1970), and the collections of poetry In den Wohnungen des Todes (1947), Flucht und Verwandlung (1959), Fahrt ins Staublose (1961), and Suche nach Lebenden (1971).",1891,75,,"Germany, Sweden",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Nelly_Sachs_1966.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nelly_Sachs,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelly_Sachs
Shmuel Yosef Agnon,1966 - Literature,,,Male,"Buczacz, Ukraine",Ukraine,,"Shmuel Yosef Agnon ( Hebrew: שמואל יוסף עגנון ‎) (July 17, 1888 – February 17, 1970) was a Nobel Prize laureate writer and was one of the central figures of modern Hebrew fiction. In Hebrew, he is known by the acronym Shai Agnon (ש""י עגנון). In English, his works are published under the name S. Y. Agnon.",1888,78,,"Israel, Ukraine",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Agnon.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shmuel_Yosef_Agnon
Charles Brenton Huggins,1966 - Medicine / Physiology,"Prostate cancer, Hormones",,Male,"Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada",Canada,American Physiologist,"Charles Brenton Huggins (September 22, 1901 – January 12, 1997) was a Canadian-born American physician and physiologist and cancer researcher at the University of Chicago specializing in prostate cancer. He was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering that hormones could be used to control the spread of some cancers. This was the first discovery that showed that cancer could be controlled by chemicals.",1901,65,"Acadia University, Harvard University","Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en2/2f/Charles_Brenton_Huggins_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_Brenton_Huggins,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins
Francis Peyton Rous,1966 - Medicine / Physiology,Oncovirus,,Male,"Baltimore, Maryland, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"(Francis) Peyton Rous, FRS (October 5, 1879 – February 16, 1970) was born in Woodlawn, Maryland in 1879 and received his B.A. and M.D. from Johns Hopkins University. He was involved in the discovery of the role of viruses in the transmission of certain types of cancer. In 1966 he was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work.",1879,87,"Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en7/74/Peyton_Rous_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Francis_Peyton_Rous,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous
Alfred Kastler,1966 - Physics,,,Male,"Guebwiller, France",France,French Physicist,"Alfred Kastler (3 May 1902 – 7 January 1984) was a French physicist, and Nobel Prize laureate. ",1902,64,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Kastler.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alfred_Kastler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Kastler
George Porter,1967 - Chemestry,Flash photolysis,,Male,"Stainforth, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Chemist,"George Hornidge Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham, OM, FRS (6 December 1920 – 31 August 2002) was a British chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967.",1920,47,University of Leeds,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/George_Porter_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Porter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Porter
Manfred Eigen,1967 - Chemestry,Chemical reactions,Biophysical chemistry,Male,"Bochum, Germany",Germany,German Biophysicist,"Manfred Eigen (born May 9, 1927) is a German biophysical chemist who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on measuring fast chemical reactions.",1927,40,University of Göttingen,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Eigen%2CManfred_1996_G%C3%B6ttingen.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Manfred_Eigen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Eigen
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish,1967 - Chemestry,Norrish reaction,,Male,"Cambridge, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Physical Chemist,"Ronald George Wreyford Norrish FRS (9 November 1897 – 7 June 1978) was a British chemist. He was born in Cambridge, England, and attended The Perse School and Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He was a former student of Eric Rideal. Norrish was a prisoner for part of World War I (1914–1918) and later commented, with sadness, that many of his contemporaries and potential competitors at Cambridge had not survived the War.",1897,70,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/44/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish
Miguel Ángel Asturias,1967 - Literature,,,Male,"Guatemala City, Guatemala",Guatemala,Guatemalan Writer And Diplomat,"Miguel Angel Asturias Rosales (October 19, 1899 – June 9, 1974) was a Nobel Prize -winning Guatemalan poet-diplomat, novelist, playwright and journalist. Asturias helped establish Latin American literature s contribution to mainstream Western culture, and at the same time drew attention to the importance of indigenous cultures, especially those of his native Guatemala.",1899,68,,Guatemala,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//3/31/MiguelAngelAsturias.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias
Haldan Keffer Hartline,1967 - Medicine / Physiology,Visual perception,Physiology,Male,"Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, United States",United States of America,American Neuroscientist,"Haldan Keffer Hartline ForMemRS (December 22, 1903 – March 17, 1983) was an American physiologist who was a co-recipient (with George Wald and Ragnar Granit ) of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work in analyzing the neurophysiological mechanisms of vision. ",1903,64,"Johns Hopkins University, Lafayette College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en6/65/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline
George Wald,1967 - Medicine / Physiology,Pigments in the retina,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Neuroscientist And Activist,"George Wald (November 18, 1906 – April 12, 1997) was an American scientist who is best known for his work with pigments in the retina. He won a share of the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Haldan Keffer Hartline and Ragnar Granit.",1906,61,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/George_Wald_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Wald,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wald
Ragnar Granit,1967 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Helsinki, Finland",Finland,Finnish Scientist,"Ragnar Arthur Granit ForMemRS (October 30, 1900 – March 12, 1991) was a Finnish/Swedish scientist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967 along with Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald ""for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"". ",1900,67,,"Finland, Sweden",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Ragnar_Granit.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ragnar_Granit,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Granit
Hans Bethe,1967 - Physics,,,Male,"Strassburg, Germany",Germany,,"Hans Albrecht Bethe ( German: [ˈhans ˈalbʁɛçt ˈbeːtə]; July 2, 1906 – March 6, 2005) was a German and American nuclear physicist who, in addition to making important contributions to astrophysics, quantum electrodynamics and solid-state physics, won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. ",1906,61,"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Goethe University Frankfurt",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Hans_Bethe.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hans_Bethe,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Bethe
Lars Onsager,1968 - Chemestry,"Onsager reciprocal relations, Ising model, De Haas–van Alphen effect",,Male,"Christiania, Norway",Norway,,"Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 – October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian -born American physical chemist and theoretical physicist, winner of the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University. ",1903,65,Norwegian Institute of Technology,"Norway, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enf/f9/Lars_Onsager2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Lars_Onsager,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Onsager
Yasunari Kawabata,1968 - Literature,,,Male,"Osaka, Japan",Japan,Japanese Novelist And Short Story Writer,"Yasunari Kawabata (川端 康成,Kawabata Yasunari?, 11 June 1899 – 16 April 1972) was a Japanese novelist and short story writer whose sparse, lyrical, subtly-shaded prose works won him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1968, the first Japanese author to receive the award. His works have enjoyed broad international appeal and are still widely read.",1899,69,,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Yasunari_Kawabata_1938.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Yasunari_Kawabata,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasunari_Kawabata
Marshall Warren Nirenberg,1968 - Medicine / Physiology,Genetic code,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Marshall Warren Nirenberg (April 10, 1927 – January 15, 2010) was an American biochemist and geneticist. He shared a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 with Har Gobind Khorana and Robert W. Holley for ""breaking the genetic code "" and describing how it operates in protein synthesis. In the same year, together with Har Gobind Khorana, he was awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University.",1927,41,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//d/d9/Marshall_Nirenberg_2003.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg
Robert W. Holley,1968 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,American Biochemist,"Robert William Holley (January 28, 1922 – February 11, 1993) was an American biochemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 (with Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall Warren Nirenberg ) for describing the structure of alanine transfer RNA, linking DNA and protein synthesis.",1922,46,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en8/88/Robert_W._Holley_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_W._Holley,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Holley
Har Gobind Khorana,1968 - Medicine / Physiology,Nucleotides in protein synthesis,,Male,"Raipur, Punjab, Pakistan",Pakistan,Indian-american Molecular Biologist,"Har Gobind Khorana also known as Hargobind Khorana (January 9, 1922 – November 9, 2011) was an Indian-American biochemist who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for research that helped to show how the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell, control the cell’s synthesis of proteins. Khorana and Nirenberg were also awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in the same year. ",1922,46,"University of the Punjab, University of Liverpool","India, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/end/d9/Har_Gobind_Khorana_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Har_Gobind_Khorana,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana
René Cassin,1968 - Peace,,,Male,,,French Jurist,"René Samuel Cassin (5 October 1887, Bayonne, Basque Country, France - 20 February 1976, Paris, France) was a French jurist, law professor and judge. The son of a French-Jewish merchant, he served as a soldier in World War I, and later went on to form the Union Fédérale, a leftist, pacifist Veterans organisation. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1968 for his work in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 10 December 1948. That same year, he was also awarded one of the UN's own Human Rights Prizes. René Cassin founded the French Institute of Administrative Sciences (IFSA) which was recognized as a public utility association.",1887,81,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin_nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin
Luis Walter Alvarez,1968 - Physics,,,Male,"San Francisco, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968. The American Journal of Physics commented, ""Luis Alvarez was one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century."" ",1911,57,University of Chicago,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Luis_Walter_Alvarez_1961.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Luis_Walter_Alvarez,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez
Derek Barton,1969 - Chemestry,"Barton–Zard reaction, Barton reaction, Barton decarboxylation, Barton–McCombie deoxygenation",,Male,"Gravesend, Kent, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Chemist,"Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton FRS, FRSE (8 September 1918 – 16 March 1998) was an English organic chemist and Nobel Prize laureate. ",1918,51,Imperial College London,United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Derek_Barton,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Barton
Odd Hassel,1969 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Oslo, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Scientist,Odd Hassel (17 May 1897 – 11 May 1981) was a Norwegian physical chemist and Nobel Laureate.,1897,72,University of Oslo,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Odd_Hassel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Odd_Hassel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd_Hassel
Ragnar Frisch,1969 - Economics,"Econometrics, Production theory",,Male,"Oslo, Norway",Norway,Economist,"Ragnar Anton Kittil Frisch (3 March 1895 – 31 January 1973) was a Norwegian economist and the co-winner with Jan Tinbergen of the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969. He is known for having founded the discipline of econometrics, and in 1933 to have created the widely used term pair macroeconomics / microeconomics.",1895,74,University of Oslo,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d1/Ragnarfrisch.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ragnar_Frisch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar_Frisch
Jan Tinbergen,1969 - Economics,Macroeconomic model,,Male,"The Hague, The Netherlands",The Netherlands,,"Jan Tinbergen (April 12, 1903 – June 9, 1994) was a Dutch economist. He was awarded the first Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes. Tinbergen was a founding trustee of Economists for Peace and Security.",1903,66,Leiden University,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Jan_Tinbergen_1982.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jan_Tinbergen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Tinbergen
Samuel Beckett,1969 - Literature,,,Male,"Foxrock, Dublin, Ireland",Ireland,"Irish Novelist, Playwright And Poet","Samuel Barclay Beckett ( /ˈbɛkɪt/; 13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was an Irish avant-garde novelist, playwright, theatre director, and poet, who lived in Paris for most of his adult life and wrote in both English and French. His work offers a bleak, tragicomic outlook on human nature, often coupled with black comedy and gallows humour.",1906,63,,Ireland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Samuel_Beckett%2C_Pic%2C_1.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Samuel_Beckett,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beckett
Alfred Hershey,1969 - Medicine / Physiology,,Genetics,Male,"Hasings, Minnesota, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Alfred Day Hershey (December 4, 1908 – May 22, 1997) was an American Nobel Prize –winning bacteriologist and geneticist.",1908,61,Michigan State University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Alfred_Hershey.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alfred_Hershey,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Hershey
Max Delbrück,1969 - Medicine / Physiology,"Replication mechanism, Genetic structure of viruses",,Male,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,German-american Biophysicist And Nobel Laureate,"Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück, FRS (September 4, 1906 – March 9, 1981), a German–American biophysicist, helped launch the molecular biology research program in the late 1930s. He stimulated physical scientists interest into biology, especially as to basic research to physically explain genes, mysterious at the time. Formed in 1945 and led by Delbrück along with Salvador Luria and Alfred Hershey, the Phage Group made substantial headway unraveling important aspects of cell physiology. The three shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ""for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"". ",1906,63,,"Germany, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Max_Delbruck.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck
Salvador Luria,1969 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Turin, Italy",Italy,Italian Microbiologist,"Salvador Edward Luria (August 13, 1912 – February 6, 1991) was an American microbiologist of Italian descent. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969, with Max Delbrück and Alfred Hershey, for their discoveries on the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses. Salvador Luria showed that bacterial resistance to viruses ( phages ) is genetically inherited.",1912,57,University of Turin,"Italy, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Salvador_E._Luria_ca.1969.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Salvador_Luria,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Luria
International Labour Organization,1969 - Peace,,,,,,,"The International Labour Organization ( ILO ) is a United Nations agency dealing with labour issues, particularly international labour standards and decent work for all. 185 of the 193 UN member states are members of the ILO.",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/ILO_logo.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/International_Labour_Organization,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Labour_Organization
Murray Gell-Mann,1969 - Physics,"Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula, Renormalization group, Strangeness, Gell-Mann matrices, Effective complexity, Gell-Mann and Low theorem, Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula, Elementary particles",,Male,"Manhattan, United States",United States of America,,"Murray Gell-Mann ( /ˈmʌriˈɡɛlˈmæn/; born September 15, 1929) is an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. He is the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California. ",1929,40,"Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Murray_Gell-Mann_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Murray_Gell-Mann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann
Luis Federico Leloir,1970 - Chemestry,"Lactose intolerance, Galactosemia, Carbohydrate metabolism",,Male,"Paris, France",France,Argentine Biochemist,"Luis Federico Leloir ForMemRS (September 6, 1906 – December 2, 1987) was an Argentine physician and biochemist who received the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Although born in France, Leloir received the majority of his education at the University of Buenos Aires and was director of the private research group Fundación Instituto Campomar until his death in 1987. Although his laboratories were often plagued by lack of financial support and second-rate equipment, his research into sugar nucleotides, carbohydrate metabolism, and renal hypertension has garnered international attention and fame and has led to significant progress in understanding, diagnosing and treating the congenital disease galactosemia. Luis Leloir is buried in La Recoleta Cemetery, Buenos Aires.",1906,64,University of Buenos Aires,"Argentina, France",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Luis_Federico_Leloir_-_young.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Luis_Federico_Leloir,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir
Paul Samuelson,1970 - Economics,,,Male,"Gary, Indiana, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Paul Anthony Samuelson (May 15, 1915 – December 13, 2009) was an American economist, and the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The Swedish Royal Academies stated, when awarding the prize, that he ""has done more than any other contemporary economist to raise the level of scientific analysis in economic theory"". Economic historian Randall E. Parker calls him the ""Father of Modern Economics"", and The New York Times considered him to be the ""foremost academic economist of the 20th century"". ",1915,55,"University of Chicago, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Paul_Samuelson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Samuelson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Samuelson
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn,1970 - Literature,,,Male,"Kislovodsk, Russia",Russia,"Russian Novelist, Dramatist, And Historian","Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn ( /soʊlʒəˈniːtsɨn/; Russian: Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цын, pronounced [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɪˈsaɪvʲɪt͡ɕ səlʐɨˈnʲit͡sɨn]; 11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist, historian, and critic of Soviet totalitarianism. He helped to raise global awareness of the gulag and the Soviet Union s forced labor camp system. While his writings were long suppressed in the USSR, he wrote many books, most notably The Gulag Archipelago, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, 8/1/1914 and Cancer Ward. Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970, ""for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"". He was expelled from the Soviet Union in 1974 but returned to Russia in 1994 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.",1918,52,Southern Federal University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn_1974crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn
Julius Axelrod,1970 - Medicine / Physiology,Catecholamine metabolism,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Neuroscientist,"Julius Axelrod (May 30, 1912 – December 29, 2004) was an American biochemist. He won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 along with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler. The Nobel Committee honored him for his work on the release and reuptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters, a class of chemicals in the brain that include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and, as was later discovered, dopamine. Axelrod also made major contributions to the understanding of the pineal gland and how it is regulated during the sleep-wake cycle.",1912,58,"City University of New York, George Washington University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Axelrod01.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Julius_Axelrod,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Axelrod
Ulf von Euler,1970 - Medicine / Physiology,"Neurotransmitter, Prostaglandin, Norepinephrine",,Male,"Stockholm, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Physiologist,Ulf Svante von Euler ForMemRS (7 February 1905 – 9 March 1983) was a Swedish physiologist and pharmacologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 for his work on neurotransmitters.,1905,65,Karolinska Institutet,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Ulf_von_Euler.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ulf_von_Euler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler
Bernard Katz,1970 - Medicine / Physiology,Neurophysiology of the synapse,,Male,"Leipzig, Germany",Germany,,"Sir Bernard Katz, FRS (26 March 1911 – 20 April 2003) was a German -born biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve biochemistry. He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler. He was knighted in 1970.",1911,59,Leipzig University,"Germany, United Kingdom",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bernard_Katz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Katz
Norman Borlaug,1970 - Peace,Green Revolution,Agronomy,Male,"Saude, Iowa, United States",United States of America,,"Norman Ernest Borlaug (March 25, 1914 – September 12, 2009) was an American biologist, humanitarian and Nobel laureate who has been called ""the father of the Green Revolution "", "" agriculture s greatest spokesperson"" and ""The Man Who Saved A Billion Lives"". He is one of seven people to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal and was also awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India s second highest civilian honor. ",1914,56,University of Minnesota,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Norman_Borlaug.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Norman_Borlaug,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Borlaug
Louis Néel,1970 - Physics,,,Male,"Lyon, France",France,French Physicist,"Louis Eugène Félix Néel ForMemRS (22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000) was a French physicist born in Lyon. He studied at the Lycée du Parc in Lyon and was accepted at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He obtained the degree of Doctor of Science at the University of Strasbourg. He was corecipient (with the Swedish astrophysicist Hannes Alfvén ) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1970 for his pioneering studies of the magnetic properties of solids. His contributions to solid state physics have found numerous useful applications, particularly in the development of improved computer memory units. About 1930 he suggested that a new form of magnetic behavior might exist; called antiferromagnetism, as opposed to ferromagnetism. Above a certain temperature (the Néel temperature ) this behaviour stops. Néel pointed out (1947) that materials could also exist showing ferrimagnetism. Néel has also given an explanation of the weak magnetism of certain rocks, making possible the study of the history of Earth's magnetic field. ",1904,66,"École Normale Supérieure, University of Strasbourg",France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Louis_Neel_1970.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Louis_N%C3%A9el,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el
Hannes Alfvén,1970 - Physics,"Magnetohydrodynamics, Alfvén wave","Electrical engineering, Plasma physics",Male,"Norrköping, Sweden",Sweden,"Swedish Electrical Engineer, Plasma Physicist","Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén ( Swedish: [alˈveːn]; 30 May 1908 – 2 April 1995) was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). He described the class of MHD waves now known as Alfvén waves. He was originally trained as an electrical power engineer and later moved to research and teaching in the fields of plasma physics and electrical engineering. Alfvén made many contributions to plasma physics, including theories describing the behavior of aurorae, the Van Allen radiation belts, the effect of magnetic storms on the Earth's magnetic field, the terrestrial magnetosphere, and the dynamics of plasmas in the Milky Way galaxy.",1908,62,Uppsala University,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/YoungAlfven.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n
Gerhard Herzberg,1971 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Hamburg, Germany",Germany,Canadian Scientist,"Gerhard Heinrich Friedrich Otto Julius Herzberg, PCCCFRSCFRS (December 25, 1904 – March 3, 1999) was a German - Canadian pioneering physicist and physical chemist, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1971, ""for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"". Herzberg's main work concerned atomic and molecular spectroscopy. He is well known for using these techniques that determine the structures of diatomic and polyatomic molecules, including free radicals which are difficult to investigate in any other way, and for the chemical analysis of astronomical objects. Herzberg served as Chancellor of Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada from 1973 to 1980.",1904,67,,"Canada, Germany",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//4/4f/Herzberg%2CGerhard_1952_London.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gerhard_Herzberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg
Simon Kuznets,1971 - Economics,,,Male,"Pinsk, Belarus",Belarus,,"Simon Smith Kuznets ( /kʊzˈnɛts/, /ˈkʌznɛts/; Russian: Семё́н Абра́мович Кузне́ц; IPA: [sʲɪˈmʲɵn ɐbˈraməvʲɪtɕ kʊzʲˈnʲets]; April 30, 1901 – July 8, 1985) was a Belarusian - American economist, statistician, demographer, and economic historian who won the 1971 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences ""for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development.""",1901,70,"Columbia University, Kharkiv National University of Economics","Belarus, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en5/59/Kuznets_portrait.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Simon_Kuznets,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Kuznets
Pablo Neruda,1971 - Literature,,,Male,"Parral, Chile",Chile,"Chilean Poet, Diplomat, Politician","Pablo Neruda Spanish: [ˈpaβ̞lo̞ ne̞ˈɾuð̞a] was the pen name and, later, legal name of the Chilean poet-diplomat and politician Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto (July 12, 1904 – September 23, 1973). He derived his pen name from the Czech poet Jan Neruda. In 1971 Pablo Neruda won the Nobel Prize for Literature.",1904,67,,Chile,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Pablo_Neruda.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Pablo_Neruda,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Neruda
Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.,1971 - Medicine / Physiology,"Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Epinephrine",,Male,"Burlingame, Kansas, United States",United States of America,American Pharmacologist,"Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr. (November 19, 1915 – March 9, 1974) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist born in Burlingame, Kansas. Sutherland won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1971 ""for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones,"" especially epinephrine, via second messengers, namely cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cyclic AMP. Sutherland died on March 9, 1974 in Miami, Florida, at the age of 58.",1915,56,"Washington University - St. Louis, Washburn University",United States of America,,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland,_Jr.","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland,_Jr."
Willy Brandt,1971 - Peace,,,Male,"Lübeck, Germany",Germany,"German Politician, Chancellor Of West Germany","Willy Brandt ( German pronunciation: [ˈvɪli ˈbʁant]; born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm; 18 December 1913 – 8 October 1992) was a German statesman and politician, leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or SPD) from 1964 to 1987 and chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1969 to 1974. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1971 for his efforts to achieve reconciliation between West Germany and the countries of the Soviet bloc. He was the first Social Democrat chancellor since 1930.",1913,58,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F057884-0009%2C_Willy_Brandt.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Willy_Brandt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Brandt
Dennis Gabor,1971 - Physics,Holography,,Male,"Budapest, Hungary",Hungary,,"Dennis Gabor CBE, FRS (original Hungarian name: Gábor Dénes; 5 June 1900 – 8 February 1979) was a Hungarian -British electrical engineer and physicist, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics. ",1900,71,"Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Technical University of Berlin",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/65/Dennis_Gabor.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dennis_Gabor,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Gabor
Stanford Moore,1972 - Chemestry,,,Male,,,American Biochemist,"Stanford Moore (September 4, 1913 – August 23, 1982) was an American biochemist. He shared a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1972 (with Christian B. Anfinsen and William Howard Stein, for work done at Rockefeller University on the structure of the enzyme ribonuclease and for contributing to the understanding of the connection between the chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule.",1913,59,"University of Wisconsin, Vanderbilt University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7f/Stanford_Moore.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Stanford_Moore,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Moore
William Howard Stein,1972 - Chemestry,,,Male,,,American Biochemsit,"William Howard Stein (June 25, 1911 – February 2, 1980) was an American biochemist.",1911,61,"Columbia University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/William_Howard_Stein.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Howard_Stein,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Stein
Christian B. Anfinsen,1972 - Chemestry,"Ribonuclease, Anfinsen's dogma",,Male,"Monessen, Pennsylvania, United States",United States of America,,"Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. (March 26, 1916 – May 14, 1995) was an American biochemist. He shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William Howard Stein for work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation (see Anfinsen's dogma ). ",1916,56,"University of Pennsylvania, Swarthmore College, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Christian_B._Anfinsen%2C_NIH_portrait%2C_1969.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Christian_B._Anfinsen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen
John Hicks,1972 - Economics,,,Male,"Warwick, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Economist,"Sir John Richard Hicks (8 April 1904 – 20 May 1989) was a British economist and one of the most important and influential economists of the twentieth century. The most familiar of his many contributions in the field of economics were his statement of consumer demand theory in microeconomics, and the IS/LM model (1937), which summarised a Keynesian view of macroeconomics. His book Value and Capital (1939) significantly extended general-equilibrium and value theory. The compensated demand function is named the Hicksian demand function in memory of him.",1904,68,University of Oxford,United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Hicks,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hicks
Kenneth Arrow,1972 - Economics,,"Social choice theory, General equilibrium theory",Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,,"Kenneth Joseph Arrow (born August 23, 1921) is an American economist and joint winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics with John Hicks in 1972. To date, he is the youngest person to have received this award, at 51.",1921,51,"Columbia University, City University of New York",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//9/9d/Kenneth_Arrow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kenneth_Arrow,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow
Heinrich Böll,1972 - Literature,,,Male,"Cologne, Germany",Germany,German Writer,Heinrich Theodor Böll ( German: [bœl]; 21 December 1917 – 16 July 1985) was one of Germany's foremost post- World War II writers. Böll was awarded the Georg Büchner Prize in 1967 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972.,1917,55,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Bundesarchiv_B_145_Bild-F062164-0004%2C_Bonn%2C_Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_B%C3%B6ll
Gerald Edelman,1972 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Ozone Park, Queens, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Gerald Maurice Edelman (July 1, 1929 – May 17, 2014) was an American biologist who shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work with Rodney Robert Porter on the immune system. Edelman's Nobel Prize-winning research concerned discovery of the structure of antibody molecules. In interviews, he has said that the way the components of the immune system evolve over the life of the individual is analogous to the way the components of the brain evolve in a lifetime. There is a continuity in this way between his work on the immune system, for which he won the Nobel Prize, and his later work in neuroscience and in philosophy of mind.",1929,43,"Ursinus College, Rockefeller University, University of Pennsylvania",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Professor_Gerald_M._Edelman.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gerald_Edelman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Edelman
Rodney Robert Porter,1972 - Medicine / Physiology,Chemical structure of antibodies,,Male,"Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Biochemist,"Rodney Robert Porter, CH, FRS (8 October 1917 – 6 September 1985) was an English biochemist and Nobel laureate. ",1917,55,"University of Liverpool, University of Cambridge",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d8/Rodney_Robert_Porter.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rodney_Robert_Porter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter
John Robert Schrieffer,1972 - Physics,,Physics,Male,"Oak Park, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"John Robert Schrieffer (born May 31, 1931) is an American physicist and, with John Bardeen and Leon N Cooper, recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics for developing the BCS theory, the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity.",1931,41,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Illinois",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/John_Robert_Schrieffer_1972.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Robert_Schrieffer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer
Leon Cooper,1972 - Physics,Cooper pair,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,Us Physicist,"Leon N Cooper (born February 28, 1930) is an American physicist and Nobel Prize laureate, who with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer, developed the BCS theory of superconductivity. He is also the namesake of the Cooper pair and co-developer of the BCM theory of synaptic plasticity.",1930,42,Columbia University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Leon_Cooper,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Cooper
Ernst Otto Fischer,1973 - Chemestry,"Ferrocene, Organometallic compounds",,Male,"Munich, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,Ernst Otto Fischer (10 November 1918 – 23 July 2007) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize for pioneering work in the area of organometallic chemistry.,1918,55,Technische Universität München,Germany,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ernst_Otto_Fischer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer
Geoffrey Wilkinson,1973 - Chemestry,Homogeneous transition metal catalysis,,Male,"Springside, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson FRS (14 July 1921 – 26 September 1996) was a Nobel laureate English chemist who pioneered inorganic chemistry and homogeneous transition metal catalysis.,1921,52,Imperial College London,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Geoffrey_Wilkinson_ca._1976.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Geoffrey_Wilkinson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson
Wassily Leontief,1973 - Economics,Input–output model,,Male,"Munich, Germany",Germany,Russian Economist,"Wassily Wassilyovich Leontief ( Russian: Васи́лий Васи́льевич Лео́нтьев; August 5, 1906 – February 5, 1999), was a Russian-American economist notable for his research on how changes in one economic sector may have an effect on other sectors. Leontief won the Nobel Committee's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1973, and three of his doctoral students have also been awarded the prize ( Paul Samuelson 1970, Robert Solow 1987, Vernon L. Smith 2002).",1906,67,"Saint Petersburg State University, Humboldt University of Berlin","Russia, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ena/aa/Leontief-Harvard.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wassily_Leontief,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassily_Leontief
Patrick White,1973 - Literature,,,Male,"Knightsbridge, London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Australian Novelist And Playwright,"Patrick Victor Martindale White (28 May 1912 – 30 September 1990) was an English-born Australian writer who is widely regarded as one of the most important English-language novelists of the 20th century. From 1935 until his death, he published 12 novels, three short-story collections and eight plays.",1912,61,University of Cambridge,"Australia, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Patrick_White_1973.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Patrick_White,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_White
Konrad Lorenz,1973 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,Austria,Austria,Austrian Zoologist,"Konrad Zacharias Lorenz (7 November 1903 – 27 February 1989) was an Austrian zoologist, ethologist, and ornithologist. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Karl von Frisch. He is often regarded as one of the founders of modern ethology, developing an approach that began with an earlier generation, including his teacher Oskar Heinroth.",1903,70,,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Konrad_Lorenz.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Konrad_Lorenz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz
Nikolaas Tinbergen,1973 - Medicine / Physiology,"Hans Baruch, Tinbergen's four questions",Ethology,Male,"The Hague, The Netherlands",The Netherlands,"Dutch Zoologist, Ethologist","Nikolaas ""Niko"" Tinbergen FRS (15 April 1907 – 21 December 1988) was a Dutch biologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns in animals.",1907,66,Leiden University,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Nikolaas_Tinbergen_1978.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nikolaas_Tinbergen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen
Karl von Frisch,1973 - Medicine / Physiology,Bees,,Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,Ethologist,"Karl Ritter von Frisch, ForMemRS (20 November 1886 – 12 June 1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, along with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. ",1886,87,,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Karl_Ritter_von_Frisch.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Karl_von_Frisch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch
Henry Kissinger,1973 - Peace,,,Male,"Fürth, Bavaria, Germany",Germany,"United States Secretaries Of State, National Security Advisor","Henry Alfred Kissinger ( /ˈkɪsɪndʒər/; born Heinz Alfred Kissinger [haɪnts ˈalfʁɛt ˈkɪsɪŋɐ]; May 27, 1923) is an American diplomat and political scientist. A recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (shared with Le Duc Tho, who refused the prize), he served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After his term, his opinion was still sought by some subsequent U.S. presidents and other world leaders.",1923,50,Harvard University,"Germany, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Henry_Kissinger_Shankbone_Metropolitan_Opera_2009.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henry_Kissinger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger
Le Duc Tho,1973 - Peace,,,Female,"Hà Nam Province, Vietnam",Vietnam,Vietnamese Diplomat,"Lê Đức Thọ (October 14, 1911 – October 13, 1990), born Phan Đình Khải in Hà Nam Province, was a Vietnamese revolutionary, general, diplomat, and politician. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1973, but he declined it.",1911,62,,Vietnam,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//0/02/LeDucTho1973.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Le_Duc_Tho,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Duc_Tho
Leo Esaki,1973 - Physics,"Quantum tunnelling, Tunnel diode",,Male,"Osaka, Japan",Japan,Japanese Physicist,"Reona Esaki (江崎 玲於奈 Esaki Reona, born March 12, 1925), also known as Leo Esaki, is a Japanese physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling. He is known for his invention of the Esaki diode, which exploited that phenomenon. This research was done when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now known as Sony ). He has also contributed in being a pioneer of the semiconductor superlattice while he was with IBM.",1925,48,,Japan,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Leo_Esaki,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Esaki
Ivar Giaever,1973 - Physics,Solid-state physics,,Male,"Bergen, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Physicist,"Ivar Giaever ( Norwegian: Giæver; born April 5, 1929) is a physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson ""for their discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in solids "". Giaever's share of the prize was specifically for his ""experimental discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in superconductors "". Giaever is an institute professor emeritus at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a professor-at-large at the University of Oslo, and the president of Applied Biophysics. ",1929,44,,"Norway, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Ivar_Giaever.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ivar_Giaever,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Giaever
Brian David Josephson,1973 - Physics,,,Male,"Cardiff, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Brian David Josephson, FRS (born 4 January 1940), is a Welsh theoretical physicist and professor emeritus of physics at the University of Cambridge. Best known for his pioneering work on superconductivity and quantum tunnelling, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his prediction of the eponymous Josephson effect, made in 1962 when he was a 22-year-old PhD student at Cambridge. He shared the prize with physicists Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever, who jointly received half the award for their own work on quantum tunnelling. ",1940,33,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Brian_Josephson%2C_March_2004.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Brian_David_Josephson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson
Paul Flory,1974 - Chemestry,Polymer,,Male,"Sterling, Illinois, United States",United States of America,,"Paul John Flory (June 19, 1910 – September 9, 1985) was an American chemist and Nobel laureate who was known for his work in the field of polymers, or macromolecules. He was a leading pioneer in understanding the behavior of polymers in solution, and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1974 ""for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules"".",1910,64,"Ohio State University, Manchester University - Indiana",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/65/Paul_J._Flory.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Flory,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Flory
Friedrich Hayek,1974 - Economics,,"Philosophy, Law",Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,Austrian  Economist And Political Philosopher,"Friedrich Hayek CH ( German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian, later British, and philosopher best known for his defence of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (with Gunnar Myrdal ) for his ""pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena"". ",1899,75,University of Vienna,"Austria, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//7/7f/Friedrich_Hayek_portrait.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Friedrich_Hayek,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Hayek
Gunnar Myrdal,1974 - Economics,Monetary equilibrium,"Sociology, Politics",Male,"Dalarna, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Economist,"Karl Gunnar Myrdal ( Swedish: [ˈmyːɖɑːl]; 6 December 1898 – 17 May 1987) was a Swedish Nobel laureate economist, sociologist, and politician. In 1974, he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Friedrich Hayek for ""their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."" He is best known in the United States for his study of race relations, which culminated in his book An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. The study was influential in the 1954 landmark U.S. Supreme Court Decision Brown v. Board of Education.",1898,76,Stockholm University,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Gunnar_Myrdal_-_Sveriges_styresm%C3%A4n.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gunnar_Myrdal,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal
Harry Martinson,1974 - Literature,,,Male,"Jämshög, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Writer,"Harry Martinson (6 May 1904 – 11 February 1978) was a Swedish author, poet and former sailor. In 1949 he was elected into the Swedish Academy. He was awarded a joint Nobel Prize in Literature in 1974 together with fellow Swede Eyvind Johnson ""for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos"". The choice was controversial, as both Martinson and Johnson were members of the academy and had partaken in endorsing themselves as laureates.",1904,70,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/20120807084529%21Martinson%2C_Harry_i_VJ_1943.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Harry_Martinson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Martinson
Eyvind Johnson,1974 - Literature,,,Male,"Boden, Norrbotten, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Writer,"Eyvind Johnson (29 July 1900 – 25 August 1976) was a Swedish writer and author. He became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974 with the citation: for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom.",1900,74,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Eyvind.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eyvind_Johnson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyvind_Johnson
Christian de Duve,1974 - Medicine / Physiology,Structure and function of organelles,,Male,"Thames Ditton, Surrey, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"Biochemist, Cytologist","Christian René, viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Nobel Prize-winning Belgian cytologist and biochemist. He was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey, Great Britain, as a son of Belgian refugees during the First World War. They returned to Belgium in 1920. He was the Founding President of the prestigious L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science. He made serendipitous discoveries of two eukaryotic organelles, peroxisome and lysosome, for which he shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Albert Claude and George E. Palade. He was a multilingual, able to speak English, French, German, and Flemish, and the skill which once saved his life. ",1917,57,Catholic University of Leuven,"Belgium, United Kingdom",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Christian_de_Duve,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_de_Duve
Albert Claude,1974 - Medicine / Physiology,Cell fractionation,,Male,"Longlier, Neufchâteau, Belgium",Belgium,Cell Biologist,"Albert Claude (24 August 1899 – 22 May 1983) was a Belgian medical doctor and cell biologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Christian de Duve and George Emil Palade. His elementary education started in a comprehensive primary school at Longlier, his birthplace. He served in the British Intelligence Service during the First World War, and got imprisoned in concentration camps twice. In recognition of his service, he was granted enrolment at the University of Liège in Belgium to study medicine without any formal education required for the course. He earned his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1928. Devoted to medical research, he initially joined German institutes in Berlin. In 1929 he found an opportunity to join the Rockefeller Institute in New York. At Rockefeller University he made his most groundbreaking achievements in cell biology. In 1930 he developed the technique of cell fractionation, by which he discovered the agent of the Rous sarcoma, components of cell organelles such as mitochondrion, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosome and lysosome. He was the first to employ electron microscope in the field of biology. In 1945 he published the first detailed structure of cell. His collective works established the complex functional and structural properties of cells. ",1899,75,University of Liège,Belgium,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albert_Claude,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Claude
George Emil Palade,1974 - Medicine / Physiology,Endoplasmic reticulum,,Male,"Iași, Romania",Romania,"Romanian Cell Biologist, Physicist And Nobel Laureate","George Emil Palade ( Romanian: [ˈd͡ʒe̯ord͡ʒe eˈmil paˈlade]; November 19, 1912 – October 8, 2008) was a Romanian-American cell biologist. He was described as ""the most influential cell biologist ever""; in 1974 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, together with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve. The prize was granted for his innovations in electron microscopy and cell fractionation which together laid the foundations of modern molecular cell biology., the most notable discovery being the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum – which he first described in 1955.",1912,62,Carol Davila University,"Romania, United States of America",,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Emil_Palade,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Emil_Palade
Seán MacBride,1974 - Peace,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,Irish Politician And Human Rights Activist,"Seán MacBride (26 January 1904 – 15 January 1988) was an Irish government minister, a prominent international politician and a former Chief of Staff of the IRA. ",1904,70,University College Dublin,"France, Ireland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride_1984.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride
Eisaku Satō,1974 - Peace,,,Male,"Tabuse, Yamaguchi, Japan",Japan,Japanese Politician,"Eisaku Satō (佐藤 榮作,Satō Eisaku?, 27 March 1901 – 3 June 1975) was a Japanese politician and the 39th Prime Minister of Japan, elected on 9 November 1964, and re-elected on 17 February 1967, and 14 January 1970, serving until 7 July 1972.",1901,73,University of Tokyo,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Eisaku_Sato_01.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisaku_Sat%C5%8D
Martin Ryle,1974 - Physics,,Astronomy,Male,"Brighton, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Astronomer,"Sir Martin Ryle FRS (27 September 1918 – 14 October 1984) was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems (see e.g. aperture synthesis ) and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources. In 1946 Ryle and Vonberg were the first people to publish interferometric astronomical measurements at radio wavelengths, although it is claimed that Joseph Pawsey from the University of Sydney had actually made interferometric measurements earlier in the same year. With improved equipment, Ryle observed the most distant known galaxies in the universe at that time. He was the first Professor of Radio Astronomy at the University of Cambridge, and founding director of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. He was Astronomer Royal from 1972 to 1982.",1918,56,,United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Martin_Ryle,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle
Antony Hewish,1974 - Physics,Pulsars,Radio astronomy,Male,"Fowey, Cornwall, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Astronomer,"Antony Hewish FRS (born 11 May 1924 in Fowey, Cornwall) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle ) for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. He was also awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1969.",1924,50,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Antony_Hewish,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Hewish
Vladimir Prelog,1975 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina",Bosnia and Herzegovina,Croatian-swiss Chemist,"Vladimir Prelog FRS (23 July 1906 – 7 January 1998) was a Croatian - Swiss organic chemist, winner of the 1975 Nobel Prize for chemistry. Prelog lived and worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zürich during his lifetime. ",1906,69,Czech Technical University in Prague,"Bosnia and Herzegovina, Switzerland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Vladimir_Prelog_ETH-Bib_Portr_00214.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Vladimir_Prelog,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog
John Cornforth,1975 - Chemestry,Stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysed reactions,,Male,"Sydney, Australia",Australia,Steriochemistry Of Enzyme-catalysts,"Sir John Warcup ""Kappa"" Cornforth, Jr., AC, CBE, FRS, FAA (7 September 1917 – 8 December 2013), was an Australian– British chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975 for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme -catalysed reactions. ",1917,58,"University of Sydney, University of Oxford",United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Cornforth,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth
Tjalling Koopmans,1975 - Economics,"Transport economics, Solow–Swan model, Koopmans' theorem",,Male,"s-Graveland, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Economist,"Tjalling Charles Koopmans (August 28, 1910 – February 26, 1985) was a Dutch American mathematician and economist, the joint winner with Leonid Kantorovich of the 1975 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.",1910,65,"Utrecht University, Leiden University",Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/end/d0/Tjalling_Koopmans.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Tjalling_Koopmans,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans
Leonid Kantorovich,1975 - Economics,"Linear programming, Kantorovich theorem, Functional analysis, Iterative method, Numerical analysis, Computational science, Approximation theory, Wasserstein metric, Kantorovich inequality, Normed vector lattice (Kantorovich space)",,Male,"Saint Petersburg, Russia",Russia,Russian Mathematician And Economist,"Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich ( Russian: Леони́д Вита́льевич Канторо́вич; IPA: [lʲɪɐˈnʲit vʲɪˈtalʲɪvʲɪt͡ɕ kɐntɐˈrovʲɪt͡ɕ]  ) (19 January 1912 – 7 April 1986) was a Soviet mathematician and economist, known for his theory and development of techniques for the optimal allocation of resources. He is regarded as the founder of linear programming. He was the winner of the Stalin Prize in 1949 and the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1975.",1912,63,Saint Petersburg State University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Leonid_Kantorovich_1975.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Leonid_Kantorovich,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich
Eugenio Montale,1975 - Literature,,,Male,"Genoa, Italy",Italy,"Italian Poet, Prose Writer, Editor And Translator","Eugenio Montale ( Italian: [euˈdʒɛnjo monˈtale]; 12 October 1896 – 12 September 1981) was an Italian poet, prose writer, editor and translator, and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is widely considered the greatest Italian lyric poet since Giacomo Leopardi. In 1973 he was awarded the Golden Wreath of the Struga Poetry Evenings in Struga, Macedonia. ",1896,79,,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Eugenio_Montale.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eugenio_Montale,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenio_Montale
Howard Martin Temin,1975 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Philadelphia, United States",United States of America,American Geneticist,"Howard Martin Temin (December 10, 1934 – February 9, 1994) was a U.S. geneticist. Along with Renato Dulbecco and David Baltimore he discovered reverse transcriptase in the 1970s at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, for which he shared the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.",1934,41,"California Institute of Technology, Swarthmore College",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Howard_Martin_Temin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin
David Baltimore,1975 - Medicine / Physiology,"Reverse transcriptase, Baltimore classification",,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"David Baltimore (born March 7, 1938) is an American biologist, university administrator, and Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He served as president of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) from 1997 to 2006, and is currently the President Emeritus and Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Biology at Caltech. He also served as president of Rockefeller University from 1990 to 1991, and was president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2007. Dr. Baltimore has profoundly influenced international science, including key contributions to immunology, virology, cancer research, biotechnology, and recombinant DNA research, through his accomplishments as a researcher, administrator, educator, and public advocate for science and engineering. He was awarded the U.S. National Medal of Science in 1999. ",1938,37,"Swarthmore College, Rockefeller University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Dr._David_Baltimore2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/David_Baltimore,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Baltimore
Renato Dulbecco,1975 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Catanzaro, Italy",Italy,Italian Virologist,"Renato Dulbecco (February 22, 1914 – February 19, 2012) was a virologist, born in Italy and a naturalized American citizen, who won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on oncoviruses, which are viruses that can cause cancer when they infect animal cells. He studied at the University of Turin under Giuseppe Levi, along with fellow students Salvador Luria and Rita Levi-Montalcini, who also moved to the U.S. with him and won Nobel prizes. He was drafted into the Italian army in World War II, but later joined the resistance.",1914,61,University of Turin,"Italy, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Renato_Dulbecco_crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Renato_Dulbecco,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco
Andrei Sakharov,1975 - Peace,"Dissident, Baryogenesis, Human rights defender, Soviet atomic bomb project",,Male,"Moscow, Russia",Russia,Soviet Nuclear Physicist,"Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov ( Russian: Андре́й Дми́триевич Са́харов; May 21, 1921 – December 14, 1989) was a Russian nuclear physicist, Soviet dissident and human rights activist.",1921,54,Moscow State University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/RIAN_archive_25981_Academician_Sakharov.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Andrei_Sakharov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov
James Rainwater,1975 - Physics,,,Male,"Council, Idaho, United States",United States of America,American Nuclear Physicist,"Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 – May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei. ",1917,58,"California Institute of Technology, Columbia University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en8/82/Leo_James_Rainwater.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Rainwater,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Rainwater
Ben Roy Mottelson,1975 - Physics,Geometry of atomic nuclei,Nuclear physics,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,Danish Nuclear Physicist,"Ben Roy Mottelson (born July 9, 1926) is an American-born Danish nuclear physicist. He won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the non-spherical geometry of atomic nuclei.",1926,49,"Purdue University, Harvard University",Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Mottelson%2CBen_1963_Kopenhagen.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ben_Roy_Mottelson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson
Aage Bohr,1975 - Physics,Geometry of atomic nuclei,,Male,"Copenhagen, Denmark",Denmark,Danish Physicist,"Aage Niels Bohr ( Danish: [ˈɔːʊ̯ə ˌnels ˈboɐ̯ˀ]; 19 June 1922 – 9 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist and Nobel laureate, and the son of the famous physicist and Nobel laureate Niels Bohr.",1922,53,University of Copenhagen,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Aage_Bohr.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Aage_Bohr,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aage_Bohr
William Lipscomb,1976 - Chemestry,,Boron Chemestry,Male,"Cleveland, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. (December 9, 1919 – April 14, 2011) was a Nobel Prize-winning American inorganic and organic chemist working in nuclear magnetic resonance, theoretical chemistry, boron chemistry, and biochemistry.",1919,57,"California Institute of Technology, University of Kentucky",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/William_n_lipscomb_jr.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Lipscomb,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lipscomb
Milton Friedman,1976 - Economics,,Economics,Male,"Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,"American Economist, Public Intellectual","Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist, statistician, and writer who taught at the University of Chicago for more than three decades. He was a recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, and is known for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy. As a leader of the Chicago school of economics, he profoundly influenced the research agenda of the economics profession. A survey of economists ranked Friedman as the second most popular economist of the twentieth century after John Maynard Keynes, and The Economist described him as ""the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th century... possibly of all of it."" ",1912,64,Columbia University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Portrait_of_Milton_Friedman.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Milton_Friedman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman
Saul Bellow,1976 - Literature,,,Male,"Lachine, Quebec, Canada",Canada,"Novelist, Short Story Writer, Critic, Professor","Saul Bellow (10 June 1915 – 5 April 2005) was a Canadian-born American writer. For his literary contributions, Bellow was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, the Nobel Prize for Literature, and the National Medal of Arts. and he received the Foundation's lifetime Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters in 1990. ",1915,61,"University of Chicago, Northwestern University, University of Wisconsin","Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Saul_Bellow%2C_1990_%28cropped%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Saul_Bellow,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Bellow
Baruch Samuel Blumberg,1976 - Medicine / Physiology,"Hepatitis B, Virus",,Male,"Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physician,"Baruch Samuel ""Barry"" Blumberg (July 28, 1925 – April 5, 2011) was an American doctor and co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (with Daniel Carleton Gajdusek ) for his work on the Hepatitis B virus as an investigator at the NIH, and the President of the American Philosophical Society from 2005 until his death.",1925,51,"University of Oxford, Union College, Columbia University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg_by_Tom_Trower_%28NASA%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek,1976 - Medicine / Physiology,What was later to be discovered to be Prion,,Male,"Yonkers, New York, United States",United States of America,,"Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (pronounced GUY-dah-shek; September 9, 1923 – December 12, 2008) was an American physician and medical researcher who was the co-recipient (with Baruch S. Blumberg ) of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for work on kuru, the first human prion disease demonstrated to be infectious.",1923,53,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b2/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek_%281997%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek
Mairead Maguire,1976 - Peace,International social activist,,Female,"Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Social Activist,"Mairead Maguire (born 27 January 1944), also known as Mairead Corrigan Maguire and formerly as Mairéad Corrigan, is a peace activist from Northern Ireland. She co-founded, with Betty Williams and Ciaran McKeown, the Women for Peace, which later became the Community for Peace People, an organisation dedicated to encouraging a peaceful resolution of the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Maguire and Williams were awarded the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize. Maguire has also won several other awards.",1944,32,Irish School of Ecumenics,Ireland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Mairead_Corrigan_Gaza_crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mairead_Maguire,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mairead_Maguire
Betty Williams,1976 - Peace,Community of Peace People,,Female,"Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Betty Williams (born 22 May 1943) in the city of Belfast in Northern Ireland, is a co-recipient with Mairead Corrigan of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1976 for her work as a cofounder of Community of Peace People, an organisation dedicated to promoting a peaceful resolution to The Troubles in Northern Ireland. She heads the Global Children's Foundation and is the President of the World Centre of Compassion for Children International. She is also the Chair of Institute for Asian Democracy in Washington D.C. and a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Nova Southeastern University. In 2006, Williams was one of the founders of the Nobel Women's Initiative along with sister Nobel Peace Laureates Mairead Corrigan Maguire, Shirin Ebadi, Wangari Maathai, Jody Williams and Rigoberta Menchu Tum. Six women representing North America and South America, Europe, the Middle East and Africa decided to bring together their experiences in a united effort for peace with justice and equality. It is the goal of the Nobel Women's Initiative to help strengthen work being done in support of women's rights around the world.",1943,33,,"Ireland, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//b/b7/Betty_Williams.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Betty_Williams_(Nobel_laureate),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Williams_(Nobel_laureate)
Burton Richter,1976 - Physics,J/ψ meson,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Burton Richter (born March 22, 1931) is a Nobel Prize -winning American physicist. He led the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) team which co-discovered the J/ψ meson in 1974, alongside the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) team led by Samuel Ting. This discovery was part of the so-called November Revolution of particle physics. He was the SLAC director from 1984 to 1999.",1931,45,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Burton_Richter_NSF_crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Burton_Richter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_Richter
Samuel C. C. Ting,1976 - Physics,J/ψ particle,,Male,"Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States",United States of America,Physicist,"Samuel Chao Chung Ting ( Chinese: 丁肇中; pinyin: Dīng Zhàozhōng; Wade-Giles: Ting Chao-chung) (born January 27, 1936) is an American physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1976, with Burton Richter, for discovering the subatomic J/ψ particle. He is the principal investigator for the international $1.5 billion Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment which was installed on the International Space Station on 19 May 2011.",1936,40,University of Michigan,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Samuel_ting_10-19-10.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Samuel_C._C._Ting,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_C._C._Ting
Ilya Prigogine,1977 - Chemestry,"Dissipative system, Brusselator",,Male,"Moscow, Russia",Russia,Physical Chemist,"Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine ( /ˈpriːɡoʊ(d)ʒiːn/; Russian: Илья́ Рома́нович Приго́жин, Ilya Romanovich Prigozhin; 25 January 1917 – 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist and Nobel Laureate noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility.",1917,60,Université libre de Bruxelles,"Belgium, Russia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enc/c6/Ilya_Prigogine.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ilya_Prigogine,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine
James Meade,1977 - Economics,,,Male,"Swanage, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Economist,"James Edward Meade CB, FBA (23 June 1907 – 22 December 1995) was a British economist and winner of the 1977 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences jointly with the Swedish economist Bertil Ohlin for their ""pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements.""",1907,70,"University of Cambridge, University of Oxford",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/James_Meade_Nobel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Meade,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Meade
Bertil Ohlin,1977 - Economics,"Heckscher–Ohlin theorem, Heckscher–Ohlin model",,Male,"Skåne County, Klippan, Scania, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Economist,"Bertil Gotthard Ohlin ( Swedish: [ˈbæʈil uˈliːn] ) (23 April 1899 – 3 August 1979) was a Swedish economist and politician. He was a professor of economics at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1929 to 1965. He was also leader of the People's Party, a social-liberal party which at the time was the largest party in opposition to the governing Social Democratic Party, from 1944 to 1967. He served briefly as Minister for Trade from 1944 to 1945 in the Swedish coalition government during World War II.",1899,78,"Lund University, Stockholm University, Harvard University",Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Bertil_Ohlin.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bertil_Ohlin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertil_Ohlin
Vicente Aleixandre,1977 - Literature,,,Male,"Seville, Spain",Spain,Poet,"Vicente Pío Marcelino Cirilo Aleixandre y Merlo (April 26, 1898 – December 14, 1984) was a Spanish poet who was born in Seville. Aleixandre received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1977 ""for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars"". He was part of the Generation of '27.",1898,79,,Spain,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Vicentealeixandre.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Vicente_Aleixandre,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente_Aleixandre
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow,1977 - Medicine / Physiology,Radioimmunoassay,Medical physics,Female,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Medical Physicist,"Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (July 19, 1921 – May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally ) for development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. She was the second American woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine after Gerty Cori. ",1921,56,"City University of New York, University of Illinois",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Rosalyn_Yalow.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow
Roger Guillemin,1977 - Medicine / Physiology,Neurohormone,,Male,"Dijon, France",France,French Physician,"Roger Charles Louis Guillemin (born January 11, 1924 in Dijon, Bourgogne, France) received the National Medal of Science in 1976, and the Nobel prize for medicine in 1977 for his work on neurohormones, sharing the prize that year with Andrew Schally and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow.",1924,53,"University of Burgundy, University of Montreal","France, United States of America",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roger_Guillemin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Guillemin
Andrew Schally,1977 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Vilnius, Lithuania",Lithuania,Polish-american Endocrinologist,"Andrzej Viktor ""Andrew"" Schally (born November 30, 1926) is an American endocrinologist and Nobel Prize laureate (1977) in medicine, sharing the prize that year with Roger Guillemin and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow.",1926,51,,"Lithuania, Poland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Schally_portrait.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Andrew_Schally,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Schally
Amnesty International,1977 - Peace,,,,,,,"Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty and AI ) is a non-governmental organisation focused on human rights with over 3 million members and supporters around the world. The stated objective of the organisation is ""to conduct research and generate action to prevent and end grave abuses of human rights, and to demand justice for those whose rights have been violated."" ",,,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ene/ee/Amnesty_International_logo.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Amnesty_International,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International
Philip Warren Anderson,1977 - Physics,,,Male,"Indianapolis, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Philip Warren Anderson (born December 13, 1923) is an American physicist and Nobel laureate. Anderson has made contributions to the theories of localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking, high-temperature superconductivity and to the philosophy of science through his writings on emergent phenomena. ",1923,54,"Harvard University, United States Naval Research Laboratory",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Andersonphoto.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Philip_Warren_Anderson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck,1977 - Physics,,,Male,"Middletown, Connecticut, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (March 13, 1899 – October 27, 1980) was an American physicist and mathematician, co-awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physics, for his contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electrons in magnetic solids.",1899,78,"Harvard University, University of Wisconsin",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/JH_van_Vleck_1974.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck
Nevill Francis Mott,1977 - Physics,,,Male,"Leeds, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Physicist,"Sir Nevill Francis Mott, CH, FRS (30 September 1905 – 8 August 1996) was an English physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductors. The award was shared with Philip W. Anderson and J. H. Van Vleck. The three had conducted loosely related research. Mott and Anderson clarified the reasons why magnetic or amorphous materials can some times be metallic and some times insulating. In 1973 he was awarded the A. A. Griffith Medal and Prize.",1905,72,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/ca/Sir_Nevill_Francis_Mott.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nevill_Francis_Mott,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott
Peter D. Mitchell,1978 - Chemestry,ATP synthesis,,Male,"Surrey, Mitcham, London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Biochemist,"Peter Dennis Mitchell, FRS (29 September 1920 – 10 April 1992) was a British biochemist who was awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his discovery of the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis. ",1920,58,"University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cd/Peter_Dennis_Mitchell.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_D._Mitchell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell
Herbert A. Simon,1978 - Economics,"Bounded rationality, General Problem Solver, Logic Theorist","Artificial intelligence, Cognitive psychology, Computer science",Male,"Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States",United States of America,Political Science,"Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American political scientist, economist, sociologist, psychologist, and professor—most notably at Carnegie Mellon University —whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, computer science, public administration, economics, management, philosophy of science, sociology, and political science. With almost a thousand highly cited publications, he was one of the most influential social scientists of the twentieth century. ",1916,62,University of Chicago,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Herbert_simon_red_complete.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Herbert_A._Simon,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon
Isaac Bashevis Singer,1978 - Literature,,,Male,"Leoncin, Poland",Poland,Yiddish Writer,"Isaac Bashevis Singer ( Yiddish: יצחק באַשעװיס זינגער; November 21, 1902 – July 24, 1991) was a Polish -born Jewish-American author. The Polish form of his birth name was Izaak Zynger and he used his mother's first name in an initial pseudonym, Izaak Baszewis, which he later expanded to the form under which he is now known. He was a leading figure in the Yiddish literary movement, writing and publishing only in Yiddish, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1978. He also was awarded two U.S. National Book Awards, one in Children's Literature for his memoir A Day Of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw -1970 and one in Fiction for his collection, A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories (1974). ",1902,76,,"Poland, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer_crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Bashevis_Singer
Hamilton O. Smith,1978 - Medicine / Physiology,Restriction enzymes,,Male,,,American Biologist,"Hamilton Othanel Smith (born August 23, 1931) is an American microbiologist and Nobel laureate. ",1931,47,"Johns Hopkins University, University of California - Berkeley",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Hamilton_Smith%2C_2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hamilton_O._Smith,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_O._Smith
Daniel Nathans,1978 - Medicine / Physiology,Restriction enzymes,,Male,"Wilmington, Delaware, United States",United States of America,American Microbiologist,"Daniel Nathans (October 30, 1928 – November 16, 1999) was an American microbiologist.",1928,50,"Washington University - St. Louis, University of Delaware",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Daniel_Nathans,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Nathans
Werner Arber,1978 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Gränichen, Switzerland",Switzerland,Swiss Microbiologist,"Werner Arber (born 3 June 1929, Gränichen, Aargau ) is a Swiss microbiologist and geneticist. Along with American researchers Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction endonucleases. Their work would lead to the development of recombinant DNA technology.",1929,49,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Werner_Arber_2008.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Werner_Arber,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Arber
Anwar Sadat,1978 - Peace,,,Male,"Mit Abu Al-Kum, Al-Minufiyah, Egypt",Egypt,Egyptian President,"Muhammad Anwar El Sadat ( Arabic: محمد أنور السادات ‎ Muḥammad Anwar as-Sādāt Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mæˈħæmmæd ˈʔɑnwɑɾ essæˈdæːt]; 25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as Vice President twice and whom he succeeded as President in 1970.",1918,60,,Egypt,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Anwar_Sadat_cropped.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Anwar_Sadat,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Sadat
Menachem Begin,1978 - Peace,,,Male,"Brest, Belarus",Belarus,"Polish Jewish Head Of The Zionist Underground Group The Irgun, Likud Prime Minister Of Israel","Menachem Begin ( listen(help·info); Hebrew: מְנַחֵם בֵּגִין; Polish: Mieczysław Biegun; Russian: Менахем Вольфович Бегин Menakhem Vol'fovich Begin; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of the State of Israel. Before the creation of the state of Israel, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah. He proclaimed a revolt, on 1 February 1944, against the British mandatory government, which was opposed by the Jewish Agency. As head of the Irgun, he targeted the British in Palestine. ",1913,65,University of Warsaw,"Belarus, Israel, Russia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Menachem_Begin_2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Menachem_Begin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin
Robert Woodrow Wilson,1978 - Physics,,,Male,"Houston, United States",United States of America,American Astronomer,"Robert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American astronomer, 1978 Nobel laureate in physics, who with Arno Allan Penzias discovered in 1964 the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB). The award purse was also shared with a third scientist, Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, for unrelated work.",1936,42,"California Institute of Technology, Rice University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Wilson_penzias200.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson
Arno Allan Penzias,1978 - Physics,Cosmic microwave background,,Male,"Munich, Germany",Germany,American Physicist,"Arno Allan Penzias (born 26 April 1933) is an American physicist, radio astronomer and Nobel laureate in physics who is co-discoverer of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which helped establish the Big Bang theory of cosmology.",1933,45,"Columbia University, City University of New York","Germany, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Arno_Penzias.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arno_Allan_Penzias,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arno_Allan_Penzias
Pyotr Kapitsa,1978 - Physics,,,Male,"Kronstadt, Russia",Russia,Russian Physicist,Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa or Peter Kapitza ( Russian Пётр Леони́дович Капи́ца) (8 July [O.S. 26 June] 1894 – 8 April 1984) was a leading Soviet physicist and Nobel laureate.,1894,84,,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Pyotr_L_Kapitsa_Russian_physicist_1964.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Pyotr_Kapitsa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Kapitsa
Georg Wittig,1979 - Chemestry,"Wittig reaction, Potassium tetraphenylborate",Chemistry,Male,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,German Chemist,"Georg Wittig (June 16, 1897 – August 26, 1987) was a German chemist who reported a method for synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones using compounds called phosphonium ylides in the Wittig reaction. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Herbert C. Brown in 1979.",1897,82,University of Marburg,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ea/Georg_Wittig.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Georg_Wittig,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Wittig
Herbert C. Brown,1979 - Chemestry,Organoboron chemistry,,Male,"London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 – December 19, 2004) was a chemist and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate for his work with organoboranes.",1912,67,University of Chicago,United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Herbert_C._Brown,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown
Theodore Schultz,1979 - Economics,,Agricultural economics,Male,"Arlington, South Dakota, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Theodore William ""Ted"" Schultz (30 April 1902 – 26 February 1998) was an American economist, who was the 1979 winner (jointly with William Arthur Lewis ) of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.",1902,77,University of Wisconsin,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enb/b4/Theodore_Schultz.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Theodore_Schultz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Schultz
Arthur Lewis,1979 - Economics,"History of the World Economy, Industrial structure",Economics,Male,Saint Lucia,Saint Lucia,Saint Lucain Economist,"Sir William Arthur Lewis (January 23, 1915 – June 15, 1991) was a Saint Lucian economist well known for his contributions in the field of economic development. In 1979 he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.",1915,64,London School of Economics,"United Kingdom, Saint Lucia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en8/84/Arthur_Lewis_%28Nobel_photo%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arthur_Lewis_(economist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Lewis_(economist)
Odysseas Elytis,1979 - Literature,,,Male,"Heraklion, Crete, Greece",Greece,Greek Poet,"Odysseas Elytis ( Greek: Οδυσσέας Ελύτης, born Οδυσσέας Αλεπουδέλλης; November 2, 1911 – March 18, 1996) was regarded as a major exponent of romantic modernism in Greece and the world. In 1979 the Nobel Prize in Literature was bestowed on him.",1911,68,,Greece,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Elytis%2C_Odysseas_%281911-1996%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Odysseas_Elytis,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odysseas_Elytis
Allan McLeod Cormack,1979 - Medicine / Physiology,X-ray computed tomography,,Male,"Johannesburg, South Africa",South Africa,American Biophysicist,"Allan MacLeod Cormack (February 23, 1924 – May 7, 1998) was a South African American physicist who won the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (along with Godfrey Hounsfield ) for his work on X-ray computed tomography (CT).",1924,55,,"South Africa, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en6/69/P_vip.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Allan_McLeod_Cormack,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack
Godfrey Hounsfield,1979 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Electrical Engineer,"Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield, CBE, FRS, (28 August 1919 – 12 August 2004) was an English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan McLeod Cormack for his part in developing the diagnostic technique of X-ray computed tomography (CT). ",1919,60,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enc/c5/RIMG0279.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Godfrey_Hounsfield,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield
Mother Teresa,1979 - Peace,,,Female,"Skopje, Macedonia",Macedonia,"Humanitarian, Roman Catholic Religious Sister","Blessed Teresa of Calcutta, M.C., commonly known as Mother Teresa (26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was a Roman Catholic Religious Sister and missionary of Albanian origin who lived for most of her life in India.",1910,69,,"India, Macedonia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/MotherTeresa_094.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mother_Teresa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa
Sheldon Lee Glashow,1979 - Physics,"Electroweak interaction, Criticism of Superstring theory, Georgi–Glashow model",,Male,"Brookline, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Sheldon Lee Glashow (born December 5, 1932) is a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist. He is the Metcalf Professor of Mathematics and Physics at Boston University and Higgins Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at Harvard University.",1932,47,"Harvard University, Cornell University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//c/c3/Sheldon_Glashow_at_Harvard_cropped.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow
Steven Weinberg,1979 - Physics,"Weinberg angle, Weinberg–Witten theorem",,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Steven Weinberg (born May 3, 1933) is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.",1933,46,"Princeton University, Cornell University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Steven_weinberg_2010.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Steven_Weinberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Weinberg
Abdus Salam,1979 - Physics,,,Male,"Punjab, Jhang, Pakistan",Pakistan,Pakistani Physicist,"Mohammad Abdus Salam NI, SPk, KBE ( Punjabi, Urdu: محمد عبد السلام ‎; pronounced [əbd̪ʊs səlɑm]; 29 January 1926 – 21 November 1996), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist who, when he shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to electroweak unification, became the first and only Pakistani to receive a Nobel Prize and also the first Muslim to win a Nobel Prize in science. ",1926,53,,Pakistan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Abdus_Salam_1987.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Abdus_Salam,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam
Paul Berg,1980 - Chemestry,Recombinant DNA,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Paul Berg (born June 30, 1926) is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, along with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their contributions to basic research involving nucleic acids. Berg received his undergraduate education at Penn State University, where he majored in biochemistry. He received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from Case Western Reserve University in 1952. Berg worked as a professor at Washington University School of Medicine and Stanford University School of Medicine, in addition to serving as the director of the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Berg was presented with the National Medal of Science in 1983 and the National Library of Medicine Medal in 1986.",1926,54,"Case Western Reserve University, Pennsylvania State University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Paul_Berg_in_1980.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Berg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Berg
Walter Gilbert,1980 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Boston, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Walter Gilbert (born March 21, 1932) is an American physicist, biochemist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate.",1932,48,"University of Cambridge, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/WalterGilbert2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Walter_Gilbert,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gilbert
Lawrence Klein,1980 - Economics,,,Male,"Omaha, Nebraska, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Lawrence Robert Klein (September 14, 1920 – October 20, 2013) was an American economist. For his work in creating computer models to forecast economic trends in the field of econometrics in the Department of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1980 specifically ""for the creation of econometric models and their application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies."" Due to his efforts, such models have become widespread among economists. Harvard University professor Martin Feldstein told the Wall Street Journal that Klein ""was the first to create the statistical models that embodied Keynesian economics,"" tools still used by the Federal Reserve Bank and other central banks. ",1920,60,"University of California - Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Lawrence_Klein,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Klein
Czesław Miłosz,1980 - Literature,,,Male,"Šeteniai, Poland",Poland,Poet,"Czesław Miłosz ( [ˈt͡ʂɛswafˈmiwɔʂ]; 30 June 1911 – 14 August 2004) was a Polish poet, prose writer, translator and diplomat of Lithuanian origin. His World War II-era sequence, The World, is a collection of twenty naive poems. Following the war, he served as Polish cultural attaché in Paris and Washington, D.C., then in 1951 defected to the West. His nonfiction book, The Captive Mind (1953), became a classic of anti-Stalinism. From 1961 to 1998 he was a professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of California, Berkeley. He became a U.S. citizen in 1970. In 1978 he was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and in 1980 the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1999 he was named a Puterbaugh Fellow. After the fall of the Iron Curtain, he divided his time between Berkeley, California, and Kraków, Poland.",1911,69,,"Lithuania, Poland, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Czeslaw_Milosz%2C_1986.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz
George Davis Snell,1980 - Medicine / Physiology,,Immunology,Male,"Bradford, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Geneticist,"George Davis Snell (December 19, 1903 – June 6, 1996) was an American mouse geneticist and basic transplant immunologist.",1903,77,,United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Davis_Snell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Davis_Snell
Jean Dausset,1980 - Medicine / Physiology,Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH,,Male,"Toulouse, France",France,French Immunologist,"Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset (October 19, 1916 – June 6, 2009) was a French immunologist born in Toulouse, France. He married Rose Mayoral in 1963, with whom he had two children, Henri and Irène. Dausset received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 along with Baruj Benacerraf and George Davis Snell for their discovery and characterisation of the genes making the major histocompatibility complex. Using the money from his Nobel Prize and a grant from the French Television, Dausset founded the Human Polymorphism Study Center ( CEPH ) in 1984, which was later renamed the Foundation Jean Dausset-CEPH in his honour. Jean Dausset died on June 6, 2009 in Majorca, Spain, at the age of 92.",1916,64,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Jean_Dausset_1968.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jean_Dausset,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Dausset
Baruj Benacerraf,1980 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Caracas, Venezuela",Venezuela,Immunologist,"Baruj Benacerraf (October 29, 1920 – August 2, 2011) was a Venezuelan -born American immunologist, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the ""discovery of the major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface protein molecules important for the immune system's distinction between self and non-self"". His colleagues and shared recipients were Jean Dausset and George Davis Snell.",1920,60,"Columbia University, Virginia Commonwealth University","United States of America, Venezuela",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Baruj_Benacerraf,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel,1980 - Peace,,,Male,"Buenos Aires, Argentina",Argentina,,"Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (born November 26, 1931) is an Argentine human rights activist, community organizer, pacifist, art painter, writer and sculptor. He was the recipient of the 1980 Nobel Peace Prize.",1931,49,National University of La Plata,Argentina,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Adolfo-P%C3%A9rez-Esquivel-wsf-2003.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel
James Cronin,1980 - Physics,,,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"James Watson Cronin (born September 29, 1931) is an American nuclear physicist.",1931,49,"University of Chicago, Southern Methodist University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/James-cronin.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Cronin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cronin
Val Logsdon Fitch,1980 - Physics,CP-violation,,Male,"Merriman, Nebraska, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Val Logsdon Fitch (born March 10, 1923, Merriman, Nebraska, USA ) is an American nuclear physicist. A native of Merriman, Nebraska, he graduated from Gordon High School and attended Chadron State College for three years before being drafted into the U.S. army in 1943. He later graduated from McGill University with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1948 and completed his Ph.D. in physics in 1954 from Columbia University. In World War II, he worked on the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos. He is a member of the faculty at Princeton University.",1923,57,"Columbia University, McGill University",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Val_Logsdon_Fitch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch
Roald Hoffmann,1981 - Chemestry,Reaction mechanism,,Male,"Zolochiv, Ukraine",Ukraine,American Organic And Inorganic Chemist,"Roald Hoffmann (born Roald Safran; July 18, 1937) is an American theoretical chemist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is the Frank H. T. Rhodes Professor of Humane Letters, Emeritus, at Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York. ",1937,44,"Columbia University, Harvard University","Poland, Ukraine, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Roald_Hoffmann.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roald_Hoffmann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann
Kenichi Fukui,1981 - Chemestry,Molecular orbital,,Male,"Nara, Nara, Japan",Japan,,"Kenichi Fukui (福井 謙一 Fukui Ken'ichi, October 4, 1918 – January 9, 1998) was a Japanese chemist. ",1918,63,,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Kenichi_Fukui_Monument_at_Kyoto_University.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kenichi_Fukui,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui
James Tobin,1981 - Economics,,,Male,"Champaign, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"James Tobin (March 5, 1918 – March 11, 2002) was an American economist who, in his lifetime, served on the Council of Economic Advisors and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and taught at Harvard and Yale Universities. He developed the ideas of Keynesian economics, and advocated government intervention to stabilize output and avoid recessions. His academic work included pioneering contributions to the study of investment, monetary and fiscal policy and financial markets. He also proposed an econometric model for censored endogenous variables, the well-known "" Tobit model "". Tobin received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1981.",1918,63,Harvard University,United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Tobin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Tobin
Elias Canetti,1981 - Literature,,,Male,"Bulgaria, Ruse, Bulgaria",Bulgaria,Bulgarian-born Novelist,"Elias Canetti ( Bulgarian: Елиас Канети; 25 July 1905 – 14 August 1994) was a German language author, born in Bulgaria, and later a British citizen. He was a modernist novelist, playwright, memoirist, and non-fiction writer. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1981, ""for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"". ",1905,76,,"Bulgaria, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Elias_Canetti_2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Elias_Canetti,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Canetti
Roger Wolcott Sperry,1981 - Medicine / Physiology,"Chemoaffinity hypothesis, Split-brain research",Neuropsychology,Male,"Hartford, Connecticut, United States",United States of America,American Neuroscientist,"Roger Wolcott Sperry (August 20, 1913 – April 17, 1994) was a neuropsychologist, neurobiologist and Nobel laureate who, together with David Hunter Hubel and Torsten Nils Wiesel, won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his work with split-brain research. ",1913,68,"University of Chicago, Oberlin College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e0/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry
David H. Hubel,1981 - Medicine / Physiology,Visual system,Neurophysiology,Male,"Windsor, Ontario, Canada",Canada,Canadian Neuroscientist,"David Hunter Hubel (February 27, 1926 – September 22, 2013) was a Canadian neurophysiologist noted for his studies of the structure and function of the visual cortex. He was co-recipient with Torsten Wiesel of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (shared with Roger W. Sperry ), for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system. For much of his career, Hubel was the John Franklin Enders University Professor of Neurobiology at Harvard Medical School. In 1978, Hubel and Wiesel were awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University. ",1926,55,McGill University,"Canada, United States of America",,http://dbpedia.org/page/David_H._Hubel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_H._Hubel
Torsten Wiesel,1981 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Uppsala, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Neuroscientist,"Torsten Nils Wiesel (born 3 June 1924) is a Swedish neurophysiologist. Together with David H. Hubel, he received the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system; the prize was shared with Roger W. Sperry for his independent research on the cerebral hemispheres.",1924,57,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Torsten_Wiesel-7Nov2006.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Torsten_Wiesel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel
Arthur Leonard Schawlow,1981 - Physics,Spectroscopy,,Male,"Mount Vernon, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Arthur Leonard Schawlow (May 5, 1921 – April 28, 1999) was an American physicist. He is best remembered for his work on lasers, for which he shared the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics with Nicolaas Bloembergen and Kai Siegbahn. ",1921,60,University of Toronto,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//6/62/Artur_Schawlow%2C_Stanford_University.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow
Nicolaas Bloembergen,1981 - Physics,Laser,Applied physics,Male,"Dordrecht, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Physicist,"Nicolaas Bloembergen (born March 11, 1920) is a Dutch - American physicist and Nobel laureate.",1920,61,"Utrecht University, Leiden University","Netherlands, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Nicolaas_Bloembergen_1981.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nicolaas_Bloembergen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen
Kai Siegbahn,1981 - Physics,High-resolution electron spectroscopy,,Male,"Lund, Sweden",Sweden,,Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn (20 April 1918 – 20 July 2007) was a Swedish physicist.,1918,63,Stockholm University,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Kai_Manne_B%C3%B6rje_Siegbahn.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kai_Siegbahn,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn
Aaron Klug,1982 - Chemestry,Electron crystallography,,Male,"Želva, Lithuania",Lithuania,"Chemist, Biophysicist","Sir Aaron Klug, OM, PRS (born 11 August 1926) is a Lithuanian-born British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid -protein complexes. ",1926,56,University of Cambridge,"Lithuania, South Africa, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Aaron_Klug_1979.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Aaron_Klug,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Klug
George Stigler,1982 - Economics,,,Male,"Seattle, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"George Joseph Stigler (January 17, 1911 – December 1, 1991) was a U.S. economist. He won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1982, and was a key leader of the Chicago School of Economics, along with Milton Friedman.",1911,71,"University of Chicago, University of Washington, Northwestern University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enc/c7/George_Stigler.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Stigler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Stigler
Gabriel García Márquez,1982 - Literature,,,Male,"Aracataca, Magdalena Department, Colombia",Colombia,"Colombian Novelist, Journalist And Political Activist","Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez ( American Spanish: [ɡaˈβɾjel ɣarˈsi.a ˈmarkes] audio(help·info); 6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014) was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo throughout Latin America. Considered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century, he was awarded the 1972 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature. He pursued a self-directed education that resulted in his leaving law school for a career in journalism. From early on, he showed no inhibitions in his criticism of Colombian and foreign politics. In 1958, he married Mercedes Barcha; they had two sons, Rodrigo and Gonzalo. ",1927,55,University of Cartagena,Colombia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Gabriel_Garcia_Marquez.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez
John Vane,1982 - Medicine / Physiology,Aspirin,,Male,"Worcestershire, Tardebigge, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Pharmacologist,"Sir John Robert Vane FRS (29 March 1927 – 19 November 2004) was an English pharmacologist who was instrumental in the understanding of how aspirin produces pain-relief and anti-inflammatory effects and his work led to new treatments for heart and blood vessel disease and introduction of ACE inhibitors. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982 along with Sune K. Bergström and Bengt I. Samuelsson for ""their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"". ",1927,55,"University of Oxford, University of Birmingham",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/John_Robert_Vane.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Vane,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Vane
Sune Bergström,1982 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Stockholm, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Biochemist,Karl Sune Detlof Bergström (10 January 1916 – 15 August 2004) was a Swedish biochemist.,1916,66,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m
Bengt I. Samuelsson,1982 - Medicine / Physiology,Prostaglandins,,Male,,,Swedish Biochemist,Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (born 21 May 1934) is a Swedish biochemist.,1934,48,,Sweden,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bengt_I._Samuelsson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt_I._Samuelsson
Alfonso García Robles,1982 - Peace,,,Male,"Michoacán, Zamora, Mexico",Mexico,Mexican Diplomat And Politician,"Alfonso García Robles (20 March 1911 – 2 September 1991) was a Mexican diplomat and politician who, in conjunction with Sweden s Alva Myrdal, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982.",1911,71,National Autonomous University of Mexico,Mexico,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Alfonso_Garcia_Robles_1981.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles
Alva Myrdal,1982 - Peace,,,Female,"Uppsala, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Sociologist And Politician,Alva Myrdal ( Swedish: [ˌalːva ˈmyːɖɑːl]; née Reimer; 31 January 1902 – 1 February 1986) was a Swedish sociologist and politician. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982. She married Gunnar Myrdal in 1924.,1902,80,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/ARB-Alva-Myrdal.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alva_Myrdal,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alva_Myrdal
Kenneth G. Wilson,1982 - Physics,"Wilson loop, Phase transitions",,Male,"Waltham, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Kenneth Geddes Wilson (June 8, 1936 – June 15, 2013) was an American theoretical physicist and a pioneer in leveraging computers for studying particle physics. He was awarded the 1982 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on phase transitions —illuminating the subtle essence of phenomena like melting ice and emerging magnetism. It was embodied in his fundamental work on the renormalization group.",1936,46,"California Institute of Technology, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d1/Kenneth_G._Wilson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kenneth_G._Wilson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson
Henry Taube,1983 - Chemestry,Inner sphere electron transfer,,Male,"Saskatchewan, Neudorf, Canada",Canada,American Chemist,"Henry Taube, Ph.D, M.Sc, B.Sc., FRSC (November 30, 1915 – November 16, 2005) was a Canadian -born American chemist noted for having been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for ""his work in the mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes."" He was the first Canadian-born chemist to win the Nobel Prize. Taube completed his undergraduate and Masters degrees at the University of Saskatchewan, and his Ph.D from the University of California, Berkeley. After finishing graduate school, Taube worked at Cornell University, the University of Chicago and Stanford University.",1915,68,"University of California - Berkeley, University of Saskatchewan","Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/DrHenryTaube.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henry_Taube,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Taube
Gérard Debreu,1983 - Economics,,,Male,"Calais, France",France,French Economist,"Gérard Debreu ( French: [dəbʁø]; July 4, 1921 – December 31, 2004) was a French economist and mathematician, who also came to have United States citizenship. Best known as a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley, where he began work in 1962, he won the 1983 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.",1921,62,University of California - Berkeley,"France, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Debreu%2C_G%C3%A9rard_%281921-2004%29.jpeg,http://dbpedia.org/page/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Debreu
William Golding,1983 - Literature,,,Male,"St. Columb Minor, Newquay, Cornwall, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"Novelist, Poet, Playwright","Sir William Gerald Golding CBE (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was an English novelist, playwright, and poet who won a Nobel Prize in Literature, and is best known for his novel Lord of the Flies. He was also awarded the Booker Prize for literature in 1980 for his novel Rites of Passage, the first book in what became his sea trilogy, To the Ends of the Earth.",1911,72,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/William_Golding_1983.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Golding,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Golding
Barbara McClintock,1983 - Medicine / Physiology,Work in genetic structure of maize,Cytogenetics,Female,"Connecticut, United States",United States of America,,"Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992), was an American scientist and one of the world's most distinguished cytogeneticists, the 1983 Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927. There she started her career as the leader in the development of maize cytogenetics, the focus of her research for the rest of her life. From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize. Her work was groundbreaking; she developed the technique for visualizing maize chromosomes and used microscopic analysis to demonstrate many fundamental genetic ideas. One of those ideas was the notion of genetic recombination by crossing-over during meiosis —a mechanism by which chromosomes exchange information. She produced the first genetic map for maize, linking regions of the chromosome to physical traits. She demonstrated the role of the telomere and centromere, regions of the chromosome that are important in the conservation of genetic information. She was recognized among the best in the field, awarded prestigious fellowships, and elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1944.",1902,81,Cornell University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Barbara_McClintock_%281902-1992%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Barbara_McClintock,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_McClintock
Lech Wałęsa,1983 - Peace,,,Male,"Popowo, Gmina Tłuchowo, Poland",Poland,President Of Poland,"Lech Wałęsa ( /ˌlɛkvəˈwɛnsə/; Polish: [ˈlɛx vaˈwɛ̃sa]; born 29 September 1943) is a Polish politician, trade-union organizer and human-rights activist. A charismatic leader, he co-founded Solidarity ( Solidarność ), the Soviet bloc's first independent trade union, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1983, and served as President of Poland from 1990 to 1995. ",1943,40,,Poland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Lech_Walesa_-_2009.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa
William Alfred Fowler,1983 - Physics,,,Male,"Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, United States",United States of America,American Astronomer,"William Alfred ""Willie"" Fowler ( /ˈfaʊlər/; August 9, 1911 – March 14, 1995) was an American nuclear physicist, later astrophysicist, who, with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics; (he is not to be confused with the British astronomer Alfred Fowler ).",1911,72,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9b/William_Alfred_Fowler.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Alfred_Fowler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar,1983 - Physics,Chandrasekhar limit,,Male,"Lahore, Pakistan",Pakistan,,"Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, FRS ( i/ˌtʃʌndrəˈʃeɪkɑr/; Tamil: சுப்பிரமணியன் சந்திரசேகர்; October 19, 1910 – August 21, 1995), was an Indian American astrophysicist born in Lahore who, with William A. Fowler, was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics for his mathematical theory of black holes, which was a key discovery that led to the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars. The Chandrasekhar limit is named after him.",1910,73,"University of Cambridge, Presidency College - Chennai","India, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en3/3a/ChandraNobel.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar
Robert Bruce Merrifield,1984 - Chemestry,Peptide synthesis,,Male,"Fort Worth, Texas, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Robert Bruce Merrifield (July 15, 1921 – May 14, 2006) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1984 for the invention of solid phase peptide synthesis. ",1921,63,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/05/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield
Richard Stone,1984 - Economics,,,Male,"London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Economist,"Sir John Richard Nicholas Stone (30 August 1913 – 6 December 1991) was an eminent British economist who in 1984 received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for developing an accounting model that could be used to track economic activities on a national and, later, an international scale. While he was not the first economist to work in this field, he was the first to do so with double entry accounting. Double entry accounting basically states that every income item on one side of the balance sheet must be met by an expenditure item on the opposite side of the accounting sheet therefore creating a system of balance. This double entry system is the basis of nearly all modern accounting today. This allowed for a reliable way of tracking trade and wealth transfer on a global scale. He is sometimes known as the 'father of national income accounting', and is the author of studies of consumer demand statistics and demand modeling, economic growth, and input-output. During his acceptance speech Stone mentioned François Quesnay as well as the Tableau économique. Stone stated that it was one of the very first works in economics to examine various sectors on such a global level and how they are all interconnected. Stone was educated at Westminster School, Cambridge University ( Caius and King's ).",1913,71,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en7/71/Richard_Stone.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_Stone,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stone
Jaroslav Seifert,1984 - Literature,,,Male,"Žižkov, Czech Republic",Czech Republic,Czech Writer,"Jaroslav Seifert ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈjaroslav] and German pronunciation: [ˈzaɪ̯fərt]; 23 September 1901 – 10 January 1986) was a Nobel Prize–winning Czech writer, poet and journalist.",1901,83,,Czech Republic,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Jaroslav_Seifert_1981_foto_Hana_Hamplov%C3%A1.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jaroslav_Seifert,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Seifert
César Milstein,1984 - Medicine / Physiology,"Immune system, Monoclonal antibody",Biochemistry,Male,"Bahía Blanca, Argentina",Argentina,Argentine Biochemist,"César Milstein, FRS (8 October 1927 – 24 March 2002) was a Argentinian biochemist, (nationalized British)] in the field of antibody research. Milstein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Niels Kaj Jerne and Georges J. F. Köhler. ",1927,57,"University of Buenos Aires, University of Cambridge","Argentina, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Milstein_lnp.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein
Niels Kaj Jerne,1984 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,Danish Immunologist,"Niels Kaj Jerne, FRS (December 23, 1911 – October 7, 1994) was a Danish immunologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 with Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein ""or theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies "".",1911,73,,"Denmark, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/39/Niels_Kaj_Jerne.gif,http://dbpedia.org/page/Niels_Kaj_Jerne,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne
Georges J. F. Köhler,1984 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Munich, Germany",Germany,German Immunologist,"Georges Jean Franz Köhler ( Munich, April 17, 1946 – March 1, 1995 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German biologist.",1946,38,,Switzerland,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler
Desmond Tutu,1984 - Peace,,,Male,"Klerksdorp, Western Transvaal, South Africa",South Africa,"South African Churchman, Politician, Archbishop",Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African social rights activist and retired Anglican bishop who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid.,1931,53,King's College,South Africa,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Archbishop-Tutu-medium.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Desmond_Tutu,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutu
Simon van der Meer,1984 - Physics,Stochastic cooling,,Male,"The Hague, The Netherlands",The Netherlands,Dutch Particle Physicist,"Simon van der Meer (24 November 1925 – 4 March 2011) was a Dutch particle accelerator physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Carlo Rubbia for contributions to the CERN project which led to the discovery of the W and Z particles, two of the most fundamental constituents of matter. ",1925,59,Delft University of Technology,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Simon_van_der_Meer_Nl-HaNa_2.24.01.07_253-8884.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Simon_van_der_Meer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer
Carlo Rubbia,1984 - Physics,W and Z bosons,,Male,"Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy",Italy,Italian Physicist,Carlo Rubbia OMRI (born on 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN.,1934,50,"Columbia University, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa",Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Carlo_Rubbia_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carlo_Rubbia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia
Jerome Karle,1985 - Chemestry,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Jerome Karle (born Jerome Karfunkle; June 18, 1918 - June 6, 2013) was an American physical chemist. Jointly with Herbert A. Hauptman, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985, for the direct analysis of crystal structures using X-ray scattering techniques. ",1918,67,"University of Michigan, Harvard University, City University of New York",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//2/2b/Jerome_Karle.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jerome_Karle,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Karle
Herbert A. Hauptman,1985 - Chemestry,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,,"Herbert Aaron Hauptman (February 14, 1917 – October 23, 2011) was an American mathematician and Nobel laureate. He pioneered and developed a mathematical method that has changed the whole field of chemistry and opened a new era in research in determination of molecular structures of crystallized materials. Today, Hauptman's direct methods, which he continued to improve and refine, are routinely used to solve complicated structures. It was the application of this mathematical method to a wide variety of chemical structures that led the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to name Hauptman and Jerome Karle recipients of the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.",1917,68,University of Maryland,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Herbert_Hauptman_-_UB_2009.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Herbert_A._Hauptman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman
Franco Modigliani,1985 - Economics,,,Male,"Rome, Italy",Italy,,"Franco Modigliani ( Italian: [ˈfraŋko modiʎˈʎani]; June 18, 1918 – September 25, 2003) was an Italian economist naturalized American, a professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management and MIT Department of Economics who won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1985.",1918,67,The New School,"Italy, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Franco_Modigliani.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Franco_Modigliani,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Modigliani
Claude Simon,1985 - Literature,,,Male,"Antananarivo, Madagascar",Madagascar,French Writer,"Claude Simon ( French: [simɔ̃]; 10 October 1913 – 6 July 2005) was a French novelist and the 1985 Nobel Laureate in Literature. He was born in Antananarivo, Madagascar, and died in Paris, France.",1913,72,,France,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Claude_Simon,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Simon
Joseph L. Goldstein,1985 - Medicine / Physiology,Cholesterol,,Male,"Kingstree, South Carolina, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Joseph Leonard Goldstein (born April 18, 1940) received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1985, along with fellow University of Texas researcher, Michael Brown, for their studies regarding cholesterol. They discovered that ""human cells have low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors that remove cholesterol from the blood"" and that when ""LDL receptors are not present in sufficient numbers, individuals develop hypercholesteromeia"" and become at risk for cholesterol related diseases. Their studies led to the development of statin drugs. ",1940,45,"Washington and Lee University, University of Texas",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Joseph_Goldstein.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Joseph_L._Goldstein,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein
Michael Stuart Brown,1985 - Medicine / Physiology,Regulation of cholesterol metabolism,Biology,Male,"Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Michael Stuart Brown (born April 13, 1941) is an American geneticist and Nobel laureate. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph L. Goldstein in 1985 for describing the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.",1941,44,"University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Mike_Brown_2003.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Michael_Stuart_Brown,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War,1985 - Peace,,,,,,,"International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) is a non-partisan federation of national medical groups in 63 countries, representing tens of thousands of doctors, medical students, other health workers, and concerned citizens who share the common goal of creating a more peaceful and secure world freed from the threat of nuclear annihilation. The organization's headquarters is in Somerville, Massachusetts. IPPNW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1985. ",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5b/International_Physicians_for_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War_%28IPPNW%29_Logo.gif,http://dbpedia.org/page/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War
Klaus von Klitzing,1985 - Physics,Quantum Hall effect,,Male,"Schroda, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Klaus von Klitzing (28 June 1943 in Schroda ) is a German physicist known for discovery of the integer quantum Hall Effect, for which he was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Physics.",1943,42,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Klausvonklitzing.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Klaus_von_Klitzing,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing
Dudley R. Herschbach,1986 - Chemestry,Molecular dynamics,,Male,"San Jose, California, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Dudley Robert Herschbach (born June 18, 1932) is an American chemist at Harvard University. He won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi ""for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes."" Herschbach and Lee specifically worked with molecular beams, performing so-called "" crossed molecular beam "" experiments that enabled a detailed molecular-level understanding of many elementary reaction processes.",1932,54,"Stanford University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Dudley_R._Herschbach_in_Lindau.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dudley_R._Herschbach,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach
John Polanyi,1986 - Chemestry,Chemical kinetics,,Male,"Berlin, Germany",Germany,Canadian Chemist,"John Charles Polanyi, PCCCFRSCOOntFRS (born 23 January 1929) is a Hungarian-Canadian chemist who won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for his research in chemical kinetics. Polanyi was educated at Manchester University, and did postdoctoral research at the National Research Council in Canada and Princeton University in New Jersey. Polanyi's first academic appointment was at the University of Toronto, and he remains there as of 2014. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Polanyi has received numerous other awards, including 33 honorary degrees, the Wolf Prize in Chemistry and the Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering. Outside of his scientific pursuits, Polanyi is active in public policy discussion, especially concerning science and nuclear weapons. His father, Mihály ( Michael ), was a noted chemist and philosopher. His uncle Karl was an economist.",1929,57,University of Manchester,Canada,,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Polanyi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Polanyi
Yuan T. Lee,1986 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Hsinchu, Taiwan",Taiwan,Taiwanese Chemist,"Yuan Tseh Lee ( traditional Chinese: 李遠哲; simplified Chinese: 李远哲; pinyin: Lǐ Yuǎnzhé; Wade–Giles: Li³ Yüan³-che²; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lí Oán-tiat; born November 19, 1936) is a Taiwanese chemist. He was the first Taiwanese Nobel Prize laureate, who, along with the Hungarian - Canadian John C. Polanyi and American Dudley R. Herschbach won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1986 ""for their contributions to the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"". Lee's particular Physical chemistry work was related to the use of advanced chemical kinetics techniques to investigate and manipulate the behavior of chemical reactions for relative large molecules using crossed molecular beams. From January 15, 1994 to October 19, 2006, Lee served as the President of the Academia Sinica of the Taiwan (ROC). In 2011, he was elected head of the International Council for Science.",1936,50,"University of California - Berkeley, National Taiwan University, National Tsing Hua University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Yuan_T._Lee_1-1.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Yuan_T._Lee,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee
James M. Buchanan,1986 - Economics,,Public choice,Male,"Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States",United States of America,Economist,"James McGill Buchanan, Jr. ( /bjuːˈkænɨn/; October 3, 1919 – January 9, 2013) was an American economist known for his work on public choice theory, for which he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1986. Buchanan's work initiated research on how politicians' self-interest and non-economic forces affect government economic policy. He was a member of the Board of Advisors of The Independent Institute, a member (and for a time the President) of the Mont Pelerin Society, a Distinguished Senior Fellow of the Cato Institute, and professor at George Mason University.",1919,67,"University of Chicago, Middle Tennessee State University, University of Tennessee",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/James_Buchanan_by_Atlas_network.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_M._Buchanan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_M._Buchanan
Wole Soyinka,1986 - Literature,,,Male,"Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria",Nigeria,Nigerian Writer,"Akinwande Oluwole ""Wole"" Soyinka ( Yoruba: Oluwo̩lé S̩óyinká, pronounced ""Shoyinka""; born 13 July 1934) is a Nigerian playwright and poet. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature, the first African to be so honored.",1934,52,,Nigeria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//3/3d/Soyinka%2C_Wole_%281934%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wole_Soyinka,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wole_Soyinka
Stanley Cohen,1986 - Medicine / Physiology,Nerve growth factor,,Male,"Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Stanley Cohen (born November 17, 1922) is an American biochemist and Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986). ",1922,64,"University of Michigan, Oberlin College, Brooklyn College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//5/51/Stanley_Cohen-Biochemist.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Cohen_(biochemist)
Rita Levi-Montalcini,1986 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Female,"Turin, Italy",Italy,,"Rita Levi-Montalcini ( Italian pronunciation: [ˈrita ˈlɛvi montalˈtʃini]; 22 April 1909 – 30 December 2012) was an Italian neurologist who, together with colleague Stanley Cohen, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF). Also, from 2001, until her death, she served in the Italian Senate as a Senator for Life. ",1909,77,University of Turin,"Italy, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Rita_Levi_Montalcini.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rita_Levi-Montalcini,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini
Elie Wiesel,1986 - Peace,,,Male,"Sighetu Marmației, Maramureș County, Romania",Romania,"American-jewish Political Activist, Professor, And Novelist","Eliezer ""Elie"" Wiesel KBE ( /ˈɛlivɨˈzɛl/; born September 30, 1928) is a Romanian -born Jewish-American professor and political activist. He is the author of 57 books, including Night, a work based on his experiences as a prisoner in the Auschwitz, Buna, and Buchenwald concentration camps. Wiesel is also the Advisory Board chairman of the newspaper Algemeiner Journal.",1928,58,,"Romania, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Elie_Wiesel_2012_Shankbone.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Elie_Wiesel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elie_Wiesel
Gerd Binnig,1986 - Physics,"Scanning tunneling microscope, Atomic force microscopy",,Male,"Frankfurt, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Gerd Binnig (born 20 July 1947 ) is a German physicist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope. ",1947,39,Goethe University Frankfurt,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Gerd_Binnig_sw.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gerd_Binnig,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerd_Binnig
Ernst Ruska,1986 - Physics,Electron microscope,,Male,"Heidelberg, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (25 December 1906 – 27 May 1988) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics, including the design of the first electron microscope. ",1906,80,Technische Universität München,Germany,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ernst_Ruska,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Ruska
Heinrich Rohrer,1986 - Physics,Co-inventor of Scanning tunneling microscope,,Male,"St. Gallen, Switzerland",Switzerland,Swiss Physicist,Heinrich Rohrer (6 June 1933 – 16 May 2013) was a Swiss physicist who shared half of the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics with Gerd Binnig for the design of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The other half of the Prize was awarded to Ernst Ruska.,1933,53,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Rohrer.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Heinrich_Rohrer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer
Jean-Marie Lehn,1987 - Chemestry,Cryptands,Supramolecular chemistry,Male,"Rosheim, France",France,French Chemist,"Jean-Marie Lehn (born September 30, 1939) is a French chemist. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Donald Cram and Charles Pedersen in 1987 for his synthesis of cryptands. Lehn was an early innovator in the field of supramolecular chemistry, i.e., the chemistry of host-guest molecular assemblies created by intermolecular interactions, and continues to innovate in this field. His group has published in excess of 900 peer-reviewed articles in chemistry literature.",1939,48,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Portrait_Jean-Marie_Lehn.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jean-Marie_Lehn,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn
Charles J. Pedersen,1987 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Busan, South Korea",South Korea,,"Charles John Pedersen (October 3, 1904 – October 26, 1989) was an American organic chemist best known for describing methods of synthesizing crown ethers. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1987 with Donald J. Cram and Jean-Marie Lehn. His Japanese first name was Yoshio (良男?).",1904,83,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/18-crown-6-potassium.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_J._Pedersen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen
Donald J. Cram,1987 - Chemestry,"Asymmetric induction, Host–guest chemistry, Paracyclophanes",,Male,"Chester, Vermont, United States",United States of America,,"Donald James Cram (April 22, 1919 – June 17, 2001) was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen ""for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity."" They were the founders of the field of host-guest chemistry.",1919,68,"Harvard University, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Rollins College",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Donald_J._Cram,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_J._Cram
Robert Solow,1987 - Economics,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Robert Merton Solow ( /ˈsoʊloʊ/; born August 23, 1924) is an American economist particularly known for his work on the theory of economic growth that culminated in the exogenous growth model named after him. He was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal (in 1961) and the 1987 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.",1924,63,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Robert_Solow_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Solow,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Solow
Joseph Brodsky,1987 - Literature,,,Male,"Saint Petersburg, Russia",Russia,"Poet, Essayist","Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky ( Russian: Ио́сиф Алекса́ндрович Бро́дский, IPA: [ɪˈosʲɪf ˈbrot͡skʲɪj]; 24 May 1940 – 28 January 1996) was a Russian-American poet and essayist.",1940,47,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Joseph_Brodsky,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky
Susumu Tonegawa,1987 - Medicine / Physiology,Antibody diversity,,Male,"Nagoya, Japan",Japan,Japanese Biologist,"Susumu Tonegawa (利根川 進 Tonegawa Susumu, born September 6, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity. Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training. In his later years, he has turned his attention to the molecular and cellular basis of memory formation.",1939,48,"University of California - San Diego, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Kyoto University",Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Susumu-Tonegawa.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Susumu_Tonegawa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa
Óscar Arias,1987 - Peace,,,Male,"Heredia, Costa Rica",Costa Rica,President Of Costa Rica,"Óscar Arias Sánchez (born September 13, 1940 in Heredia, Costa Rica ) was President of Costa Rica from 1986 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2010. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987 for his efforts to end the Central American crisis.",1940,47,"Boston University, London School of Economics, University of Costa Rica, University of Essex",Costa Rica,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/%C3%93scar_Arias.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/%C3%93scar_Arias,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias
Johannes Georg Bednorz,1987 - Physics,,,Male,"North Rhine-Westphalia, Neuenkirchen, Westphalia, Germany",Germany,,"Johannes Georg Bednorz (born May 16, 1950) is a German physicist who, together with K. Alex Müller, discovered high-temperature superconductivity in ceramics, for which they shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics.",1950,37,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Ibmgb.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz
Karl Alexander Müller,1987 - Physics,,,Male,"Basel, Switzerland",Switzerland,,"Karl Alexander Müller (born April 20, 1927) is a Swiss physicist and Nobel laureate. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1987 with Georg Bednorz for their work in superconductivity in ceramic materials.",1927,60,ETH Zurich,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Karl_Alexander_Mueller.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller
Robert Huber,1988 - Chemestry,Cyanobacteria,,Male,"Munich, Germany",Germany,German Biochemist,Robert Huber ForMemRS is a German biochemist and Nobel laureate.,1937,51,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Robert-huber.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Huber,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Huber
Hartmut Michel,1988 - Chemestry,Crystallisation of membrane proteins,,Male,"Ludwigsburg, Germany",Germany,German Biochemist,Hartmut Michel is a German biochemist and Nobel Laureate,1948,40,University of Tübingen,Germany,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hartmut_Michel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmut_Michel
Johann Deisenhofer,1988 - Chemestry,Photosynthesis,,Male,,,German Scientist,"Johann Deisenhofer (born September 30, 1943) is a German biochemist who, along with Hartmut Michel and Robert Huber, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the first crystal structure of an integral membrane protein, a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors that is essential to photosynthesis. ",1943,45,Technische Universität München,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Photosynthetic_Reaction_Center_Drawing.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Johann_Deisenhofer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer
Maurice Allais,1988 - Economics,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,French Economist,"Maurice Félix Charles Allais (31 May 1911 – 9 October 2010) was a French economist, and was the 1988 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics ""for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources.""",1911,77,"Institut des sciences et technologies de Paris, École Polytechnique",France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/ALLAIS_PN_Maurice-24x30-2001b.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Maurice_Allais,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Allais
Naguib Mahfouz,1988 - Literature,,,Male,Egypt,Egypt,Novelist,"Naguib Mahfouz ( Arabic: نجيب محفوظ ‎ Nagīb Maḥfūẓ, IPA: [næˈɡiːb mɑħˈfuːzˤ]; 11 December 1911 – 30 August 2006) was an Egyptian writer who won the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature. He is regarded as one of the first contemporary writers of Arabic literature, along with Tawfiq el-Hakim, to explore themes of existentialism. He published 34 novels, over 350 short stories, dozens of movie scripts, and five plays over a 70-year career. Many of his works have been made into Egyptian and foreign films.",1911,77,,Egypt,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Necip_Mahfuz.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Naguib_Mahfouz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naguib_Mahfouz
Gertrude B. Elion,1988 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Female,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 – February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, and a 1988 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Working alone as well as with George H. Hitchings, Elion developed a multitude of new drugs, using innovative research methods that would later lead to the development of the AIDS drug AZT. ",1918,70,City University of New York,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gertrude_Elion.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gertrude_B._Elion,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion
George H. Hitchings,1988 - Medicine / Physiology,Chemotherapy,,Male,"Hoquiam, Washington, United States",United States of America,American Pharmacologist,"George Herbert Hitchings (April 18, 1905 – February 27, 1998) was an American doctor who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude Elion ""for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment,"" Hitchings specifically for his work on chemotherapy.",1905,83,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/George_H._Hitchings_1988.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_H._Hitchings,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Hitchings
James W. Black,1988 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Uddingston, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Sir James Whyte Black OM FRS FRSE FRCP (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010 ) was a Scottish pharmacologist. Black established the physiology department at the University of Glasgow, where he became interested in the effects of adrenaline on the human heart. He went to work for ICI Pharmaceuticals in 1958 and, while there, developed propranolol, a beta blocker used for the treatment of heart disease. Black was also responsible for the development of cimetidine, a H2 receptor antagonist, a drug used in a similar manner to treat stomach ulcers. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1988 for work leading to the development of propranolol and cimetidine. ",1924,64,University of St Andrews,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enf/f8/James_Black.jpeg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_W._Black,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_W._Black
United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces,1988 - Peace,,,,,,,"Peacekeeping by the United Nations is a role held by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations as ""a unique and dynamic instrument developed by the Organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict to create the conditions for lasting peace."" It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking.",,,,,http://www.devinfolab.org/products/unpk/img/unp_logo.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/United_Nations_peacekeeping,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping
Melvin Schwartz,1988 - Physics,Neutrinos,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Experimental Physicist,"Melvin Schwartz (November 2, 1932 – August 28, 2006) was an American physicist. He shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics with Leon M. Lederman and Jack Steinberger for their development of the neutrino beam method and their demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino. ",1932,56,Columbia University,United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Melvin_Schwartz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz
Leon M. Lederman,1988 - Physics,"Seminal contributions to Neutrinos, Bottom quark",,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Mathematician And Physicist,"Leon Max Lederman (born July 15, 1922) is an American experimental physicist who received, along with Martin Lewis Perl, the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1982, for their research on quarks and leptons, and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988, along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, for their research on neutrinos. He is Director Emeritus of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in Batavia, Illinois, USA. He founded the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, in Aurora, Illinois in 1986, and has served in the capacity of Resident Scholar since 1998. In 2012, he was awarded the Vannevar Bush Award for his extraordinary contributions to understanding the basic forces and particles of nature. ",1922,66,"Columbia University, City University of New York",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Leon_M._Lederman.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Leon_M._Lederman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_M._Lederman
Jack Steinberger,1988 - Physics,Muon neutrino,,Male,"Bad Kissingen, Germany",Germany,Swiss Physicist,"Hans Jakob ""Jack"" Steinberger (born May 25, 1921) is a physicist currently residing near Geneva, Switzerland. He co-discovered the muon neutrino, along with Leon Lederman and Melvin Schwartz, for which they were given the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics.",1921,67,,"Germany, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Jack-Steinberger-2008.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jack_Steinberger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Steinberger
Sidney Altman,1989 - Chemestry,Ribozymes,,Male,"Montreal, Quebec, Canada",Canada,Canadian American Molecular Biologist,"Sidney Altman (born May 7, 1939) is a Canadian American molecular biologist, who is the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas R. Cech for their work on the catalytic properties of RNA.",1939,50,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Colorado - Boulder","Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//5/57/Sidney_Altman_crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Sidney_Altman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman
Thomas Cech,1989 - Chemestry,Ribozyme,,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,,"Thomas Robert Cech (born December 8, 1947 in Chicago ) is a chemist who shared the 1989 Nobel prize in chemistry with Sidney Altman, for their discovery of the catalytic properties of RNA. Cech discovered that RNA could itself cut strands of RNA, which showed that life could have started as RNA. He also studied telomeres, and his lab discovered an enzyme, TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase), which is part of the process of restoring telomeres after they are shortened during cell division. As president of Howard Hughes Medical Institute, he promoted science education, and he teaches an undergraduate chemistry course at the University of Colorado.",1947,42,"University of California - Berkeley, Grinnell College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Thomas_Robert_Cech.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Thomas_Cech,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cech
Trygve Haavelmo,1989 - Economics,,,Male,"Skedsmo, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Economist,"Trygve Magnus Haavelmo (13 December 1911 – 28 July 1999), born in Skedsmo, Norway, was an influential economist with main research interests centered on the fields of econometrics and economics theory.",1911,78,University of Oslo,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Trygve_Haavelmo.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Trygve_Haavelmo,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trygve_Haavelmo
Camilo José Cela,1989 - Literature,,,Male,"Padrón, Galicia, Spain",Spain,Spanish Novelist,"Camilo José Cela y Trulock, 1st Marquis of Iria Flavia ( Spanish: [kaˈmilo xoˈse ˈθela]; 11 May 1916 – 17 January 2002) was a Spanish novelist, short story writer and essayist associated with the Generation of '36 movement.",1916,73,,Spain,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela%2C_Miami_Book_Fair_International%2C_1994.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilo_Jos%C3%A9_Cela
J. Michael Bishop,1989 - Medicine / Physiology,Oncogene,,Male,,,American Biologist,"John Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Harold E. Varmus and was co-winner of 1984 Alfred P. Sloan Prize. He currently serves as an active faculty member at the University of California, San Francisco. ",1936,53,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nci-vol-8172-300_j_michael_bishop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/J._Michael_Bishop,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop
Harold E. Varmus,1989 - Medicine / Physiology,"Retroviral oncogenes, PLOS",,Male,"Oceanside, New York,  United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Harold Eliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American Nobel Prize -winning scientist and the 14th and current Director of the National Cancer Institute, a post he was appointed to by President Barack Obama. He was a co-recipient (along with J. Michael Bishop ) of the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes.",1939,50,"Amherst College, Harvard University, Columbia University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/HEVarmus.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Harold_E._Varmus,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_E._Varmus
Tenzin Gyatso (The Dalai Lama),1989 - Peace,,,Male,"Qinghai, Takster, China",China,,"The 14th Dalai Lama ( religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, born Lhamo Dondrub, 6 July 1935) is the current Dalai Lama, as well as the longest lived incumbent. Dalai Lamas are the head monks of the Gelug school, the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989, and is also well known for his lifelong advocacy for Tibetans inside and outside Tibet.",1935,54,,China,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/At_the_Unsung_Heroes_of_Compassion_event%2C_San_Francisco.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/14th_Dalai_Lama,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama
Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.,1989 - Physics,Separated oscillatory field method,,Male,"Washington D.C., United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr. (August 27, 1915 – November 4, 2011) was an American physicist who was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics, together with Hans G. Dehmelt from University of Washington, for the invention of the separated oscillatory field method, which had important applications in the construction of atomic clocks. A physics professor at Harvard University for most of his career, Ramsey also held several posts with such government and international agencies as NATO and the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Among his other accomplishments are helping to found the United States Department of Energy s Brookhaven National Laboratory and Fermilab.",1915,74,"Columbia University, University of Cambridge",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/end/d8/NormanFRamsey.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Norman_Foster_Ramsey,_Jr.","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey,_Jr."
Hans Georg Dehmelt,1989 - Physics,"Penning trap, Ion traps, Precise measurement of the electron g-factor",,Male,"Görlitz, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Hans Georg Dehmelt (born 9 September 1922) is a German -born American physicist, who was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989, for co-developing the ion trap technique with Wolfgang Paul, for which they shared one-half of the prize (the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded to Norman Foster Ramsey ). Their technique was used for high precision measurement of the electron g-factor.",1922,67,University of Göttingen,"Germany, United States of America",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt
Wolfgang Paul,1989 - Physics,Ion traps,,Male,"Zeithain, Germany",Germany,,"Wolfgang Paul (August 10, 1913 – December 7, 1993) was a German physicist, who co-developed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what we now call an ion trap. He shared one-half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work with Hans Georg Dehmelt; the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded to Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.",1913,76,"University of Göttingen, Technische Universität München, Technical University of Berlin",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enc/c0/Wolfgang_Paul.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wolfgang_Paul,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul
Elias James Corey,1990 - Chemestry,Retrosynthetic analysis,,Male,"Methuen, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Elias James ""E.J."" Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ""for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis "", specifically retrosynthetic analysis. Regarded by many as one of the greatest living chemists, he has developed numerous synthetic reagents, methodologies, total syntheses, and has advanced the science of organic synthesis considerably.",1928,62,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//a/a2/E.J.Coreyx240.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Elias_James_Corey,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_James_Corey
William Forsyth Sharpe,1990 - Economics,"Capital asset pricing model, Sharpe ratio",,Male,"Boston, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"William Forsyth Sharpe (born June 16, 1934) is an American economist. He is the STANCO 25 Professor of Finance, Emeritus at Stanford University s Graduate School of Business, and the winner of the 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.",1934,56,University of California - Los Angeles,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/William_sharpe_2007.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Forsyth_Sharpe,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Forsyth_Sharpe
Harry Markowitz,1990 - Economics,,,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Harry Max Markowitz (born August 24, 1927) is an American economist, and a recipient of the 1989 John von Neumann Theory Prize and the 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.",1927,63,University of Chicago,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Risk-Return_of_Possible_Portfolios.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Harry_Markowitz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Markowitz
Merton Miller,1990 - Economics,,,Male,,,American Economist,"Merton Howard Miller (May 16, 1923 – June 3, 2000) was an American economist, and the co-author of the Modigliani–Miller theorem (1958), which proposed the irrelevance of debt-equity structure. He shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1990, along with Harry Markowitz and William Sharpe. Miller spent most of his academic career at the University of Chicago s Booth School of Business.",1923,67,"Johns Hopkins University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en7/7c/Merton_Miller.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Merton_Miller,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merton_Miller
Octavio Paz,1990 - Literature,,,Male,"Mexico City, Mexico",Mexico,Mexican Writer,"Octavio Paz Lozano ( Spanish pronunciation: [okˈtaβjo pas loˈsano] audio(help·info); March 31, 1914 – April 19, 1998) was a Mexican poet-diplomat and writer. For his body of work, he was awarded the 1981 Miguel de Cervantes Prize, the 1982 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature.",1914,76,,Mexico,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c5/Octavio_Paz.gif,http://dbpedia.org/page/Octavio_Paz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavio_Paz
E. Donnall Thomas,1990 - Medicine / Physiology,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,,Male,"Mart, Texas, United States",United States of America,American Hematologist,"Edward Donnall ""Don"" Thomas (March 15, 1920 – October 20, 2012) was an American physician, professor emeritus at the University of Washington, and director emeritus of the clinical research division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. In 1990 he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph E. Murray for the development of cell and organ transplantation. Thomas developed bone marrow transplantation as a treatment for leukemia.",1920,70,"University of Texas, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Edward_Donnall_%22Don%22_Thomas.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/E._Donnall_Thomas,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas
Joseph Murray,1990 - Medicine / Physiology,First successful Kidney transplant,"Surgery, Organ transplantation, Reconstructive surgery",Male,"Milford, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,Us Surgeon,"Joseph Edward Murray (April 1, 1919 – November 26, 2012) was an American plastic surgeon who performed the first successful human kidney transplant on identical twins Richard and Ronald Herrick on December 23, 1954. ",1919,71,"College of the Holy Cross, Harvard University",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Joseph_Murray,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Murray
Mikhail Gorbachev,1990 - Peace,,,Male,"Privolnoye, Russia",Russia,Leader Of The Soviet Union,"Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejɪvʲɪt͡ɕ ɡərbɐˈt͡ɕɵf]; born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the country's head of state from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991 (titled as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and as President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991). He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born after the October Revolution.",1931,59,Moscow State University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/RIAN_archive_850809_General_Secretary_of_the_CPSU_CC_M._Gorbachev_%28crop%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mikhail_Gorbachev,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev
Henry Way Kendall,1990 - Physics,,,Male,"Boston, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Henry Way Kendall (December 9, 1926 – February 15, 1999) was an American particle physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1990 jointly with Jerome Isaac Friedman and Richard E. Taylor ""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics."" ",1926,64,"Amherst College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Henry_Kendall_by_Tom_Frost.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Henry_Way_Kendall,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall
Jerome Isaac Friedman,1990 - Physics,Experimental proof of quarks,,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Dr. Jerome Isaac Friedman, Ph.D (born March 28, 1930) is an American physicist, Institute Professor and Professor of Physics, Emeritus, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a 1990 Physics Nobel Laureate along with Dr. Henry Kendall and Dr. Richard Taylor, for work showing an internal structure for protons later known to be quarks.",1930,60,University of Chicago,United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman
Richard E. Taylor,1990 - Physics,,,Male,"Alberta, Canada",Canada,Canadian Physicist,"Richard Edward Taylor, CCFRSFRSC (born November 2, 1929 in Medicine Hat, Alberta ) is a Nobel Prize–winning emeritus professor at Stanford University. In 1990, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Jerome Friedman and Henry Kendall ""for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics."" ",1929,61,"Stanford University, University of Alberta",Canada,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_E._Taylor,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor
Richard R. Ernst,1991 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Winterthur, Switzerland",Switzerland,,"Richard Robert Ernst (born August 14, 1933) is a Swiss physical chemist and Nobel Laureate. ",1933,58,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//7/70/Richard_R_Ernst.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_R._Ernst,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst
Ronald Coase,1991 - Economics,,"Law, Economics",Male,"Willesden, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Economist,"Ronald Harry Coase ( /ˈkoʊz/; 29 December 1910 – 2 September 2013) was a British economist and author. He was for much of his life the Clifton R. Musser Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Chicago Law School, but was famed for his work done at the University of Virginia. After studying with the University of London External Programme in 1927–29, Coase entered the London School of Economics, where he took courses with Arnold Plant. He received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1991. ",1910,81,London School of Economics,"United Kingdom, United States of America",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ronald_Coase,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Coase
Nadine Gordimer,1991 - Literature,,,Female,"Springs, Gauteng, South Africa",South Africa,"South African Playwright, Novelist","Nadine Gordimer (20 November 1923 – 13 July 2014) was a South African writer, political activist and recipient of the 1991 Nobel Prize in Literature. She was recognized as a woman ""who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity"". ",1923,68,,South Africa,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Nadine_Gordimer_01.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nadine_Gordimer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer
Bert Sakmann,1991 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,German Biologist,"Bert Sakmann (born 12 June 1942) is a German cell physiologist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Erwin Neher in 1991 for their work on ""the function of single ion channels in cells,"" and invention of the patch clamp. Bert Sakmann was Professor at Heidelberg University and is an Emeritus Scientific Member of the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany. Since 2008 he leads an emeritus research group at the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology.",1942,49,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Sakmann.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bert_Sakmann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Sakmann
Erwin Neher,1991 - Medicine / Physiology,Patch clamp,Biophysics,Male,"Bavaria, Landsberg am Lech, Germany",Germany,German Biophysicist,Erwin Neher (born 20 March 1944) is a German biophysicist.,1944,47,"Technische Universität München, University of Wisconsin",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Erwin_neher_2007_lindau.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Erwin_Neher,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin_Neher
Aung San Suu Kyi,1991 - Peace,,,Female,"Yangon, Myanmar",Myanmar,Nonviolent Pro-democracy Activist,"Aung San Suu Kyi AC ( Burmese: အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည်; MLCTS: aung hcan: cu. krany, /aʊŋˌsæn.suːˈtʃiː/, Burmese pronunciation: [àʊɴ sʰáɴ sṵ tɕì]; born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese opposition politician and chairperson of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in Burma. In the 1990 general election, the NLD won 59% of the national votes and 81% (392 of 485) of the seats in Parliament. She had, however, already been detained under house arrest before the elections. She remained under house arrest in Burma for almost 15 of the 21 years from 20 July 1989 until her most recent release on 13 November 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent political prisoners. ",1945,46,"University of London, University of Oxford, University of Delhi",Myanmar (Burma),http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes,1991 - Physics,,,Male,"Paris, France",France,,"Pierre-Gilles de Gennes ( French: [ʒɛn]; October 24, 1932 – May 18, 2007) was a French physicist and the Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 1991. ",1932,59,École Normale Supérieure,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//f/f6/Pierre-Gilles_crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes
Rudolph A. Marcus,1992 - Chemestry,Electron transfer,,Male,"Quebec, Canada",Canada,Canadian Chemist,"Rudolph Arthur Marcus (born July 21, 1923) is a Canadian -born chemist who received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry ""for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"". Marcus theory, named after him, provides a thermodynamic and kinetic framework for describing one electron outer-sphere electron transfer.",1923,69,McGill University,"Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Prof._Dr._Rudolph_A._Marcus.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rudolph_A._Marcus,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus
Gary Becker,1992 - Economics,,Socioeconomics,Male,"Pottsville, Pennsylvania, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Gary Stanley Becker (December 2, 1930 – May 3, 2014) was an American economist. He was professor of economics and sociology at the University of Chicago and at the Booth School of Business. He made important contributions to the family economics branch of economics. Neoclassical analysis of family within the family economics is also called new home economics.",1930,62,"University of Chicago, Princeton University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/GaryBecker-May24-2008.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gary_Becker,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Becker
Derek Walcott,1992 - Literature,,,Male,"Castries, Saint Lucia",Saint Lucia,Poet,"Derek Alton Walcott, OBE OCC (born 23 January 1930) is a Saint Lucian poet and playwright. He received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is currently Professor of poetry at the University of Essex. His works include the Homeric epic poem, Omeros (1990), which many critics view ""as Walcott's major achievement."" In addition to having won the Nobel, Walcott has won many literary awards over the course of his career including an Obie Award in 1971 for his play Dream on Monkey Mountain, a MacArthur Foundation ""genius"" award, a Royal Society of Literature Award, the Queen's Medal for Poetry, and the 2011 T. S. Eliot Prize for his book of poetry, White Egrets. ",1930,62,,Saint Lucia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Derek_Walcott.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Derek_Walcott,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Walcott
Edmond H. Fischer,1992 - Medicine / Physiology,Phosphorylation,,Male,"Shanghai, China",China,American Biochemist,"Edmond Henri Fischer (born April 6, 1920) is a Swiss American biochemist. He and his collaborator Edwin G. Krebs were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for describing how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins and regulate various cellular processes. Since 2007, he has been the Honorary President of the World Cultural Council. ",1920,72,,"Switzerland, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ene/ea/Reversible_phosphorylation.PNG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edmond_H._Fischer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer
Edwin G. Krebs,1992 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Lansing, Iowa, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Edwin Gerhard Krebs (June 6, 1918 – December 21, 2009) was an American biochemist. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research and the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University in 1989 together with Alfred Gilman and, together with his collaborator Edmond H. Fischer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1992 for describing how reversible phosphorylation works as a switch to activate proteins and regulate various cellular processes.",1918,74,"Washington University - St. Louis, University of Illinois",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9e/Edwin_G._Krebs.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edwin_G._Krebs,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs
Rigoberta Menchú,1992 - Peace,,,Female,"Quiché Department, Guatemala",Guatemala,"Politician, Activism","Rigoberta Menchú Thum ( Spanish pronunciation: [riɣoˈβerta menˈtʃu], born 9 January 1959) is an indigenous Guatemalan woman, of the K'iche' ethnic group. Menchú has dedicated her life to publicizing the plight of Guatemala's indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996), and to promoting indigenous rights in the country. She received the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize and Prince of Asturias Award in 1998. She is the subject of the testimonial biography I, Rigoberta Menchú (1983) and the author of the autobiographical work, Crossing Borders.",1959,33,,Guatemala,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Rigoberta_Menchu_2009_cropped.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA
Georges Charpak,1992 - Physics,Wire chamber,,Male,"Dąbrowica, Poland",Poland,French Physicist,Georges Charpak (1 August 1924 – 29 September 2010) was a French physicist from a Polish Jewish family who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992.,1924,68,,"France, Poland, Ukraine",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/CHARPAK_Georges-24x50-2005b.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Georges_Charpak,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Charpak
Kary Mullis,1993 - Chemestry,Polymerase chain reaction,,Male,"Lenoir, North Carolina, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Kary Banks Mullis (born December 28, 1944) is a Nobel Prize -winning American biochemist, author, and lecturer. In recognition of his improvement of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, he shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Michael Smith and earned the Japan Prize in the same year. The process was first described by Kjell Kleppe and 1968 Nobel laureate H. Gobind Khorana, and allows the amplification of specific DNA sequences. The improvements made by Mullis allowed PCR to become a central technique in biochemistry and molecular biology, described by The New York Times as ""highly original and significant, virtually dividing biology into the two epochs of before P.C.R. and after P.C.R."" ",1944,49,Georgia Institute of Technology,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Kary_Mullis.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kary_Mullis,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kary_Mullis
Michael Smith,1993 - Chemestry,Mutagenesis,,Male,"Blackpool, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Biochemist,"Michael Smith CC, OBC, FRS (April 26, 1932 – October 4, 2000) was a British-born Canadian biochemist and businessman. He was the winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (shared with Kary Mullis ) for his work in developing site-directed mutagenesis. Following graduation with a PhD in 1956 from the University of Manchester, he undertook post-doctoral studies with Dr. Har Gobind Khorana (himself a Nobel Prize winner) at the British Columbia Research Council in Vancouver, Canada. Subsequently, Smith worked at the Fisheries Research Board of Canada Laboratory in Vancouver before being appointed a professor of biochemistry in the UBC Faculty of Medicine in 1966.",1932,61,University of Manchester,"Canada, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d6/Michaelsmith.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Michael_Smith_(chemist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)
Douglass North,1993 - Economics,,,Male,"Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Douglass Cecil North (born November 5, 1920) is an American economist known for his work in economic history. He is the co-recipient (with Robert William Fogel ) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. In the words of the Nobel Committee, North and Fogel were awarded the prize ""for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change.""",1920,73,University of California - Berkeley,United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Douglass_North,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglass_North
Robert Fogel,1993 - Economics,,"Economic history, Cliometrics",Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,"American Economist, Historian","Robert William Fogel (July 1, 1926 – June 11, 2013) was an American economic historian and scientist, and winner (with Douglass North ) of the 1993 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. As of his death, he was the Charles R. Walgreen Distinguished Service Professor of American Institutions and director of the Center for Population Economics (CPE) at the University of Chicago s Booth School of Business. He is best known as a leading advocate of New economic history or cliometrics —the use of quantitative methods in history.",1926,67,"Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University, Cornell University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Robert_William_Fogel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Fogel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fogel
Toni Morrison,1993 - Literature,,,Female,"Lorain, Ohio, United States",United States of America,American Novelist,"Toni Morrison (born Chloe Ardelia Wofford; February 18, 1931) is an American novelist, editor, and professor. Her novels are known for their epic themes, vivid dialogue, and richly detailed characters. Among her best known novels are The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon and Beloved. She also was commissioned to write the libretto for a new opera, Margaret Garner, first performed in 2005. She won the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award in 1988 for Beloved and the Nobel Prize in 1993. On 29 May 2012, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom.",1931,62,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Toni_Morrison_2008-2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Toni_Morrison,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toni_Morrison
Phillip Allen Sharp,1993 - Medicine / Physiology,,Biology,Male,United States,United States of America,American Biologist,"Phillip Allen Sharp (born June 6, 1944) is an American geneticist and molecular biologist who co-discovered RNA splicing. He shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard J. Roberts for ""the discovery that genes in eukaryotes are not contiguous strings but contain introns, and that the splicing of messenger RNA to delete those introns can occur in different ways, yielding different proteins from the same DNA sequence"".",1944,49,"Union College - Kentucky, University of Illinois",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//8/89/Phillip_A_Sharp_NIH.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Phillip_Allen_Sharp,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp
Richard J. Roberts,1993 - Medicine / Physiology,"Computational biology, DNA methylation, Work on introns",,Male,"Derby, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Biochemist,"Sir Richard ""Rich"" John Roberts (born 6 September 1943) is an English biochemist and molecular biologist. He was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Phillip Allen Sharp for the discovery of introns in eukaryotic DNA and the mechanism of gene-splicing. He currently works at New England Biolabs. ",1943,50,University of Sheffield,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Roberts%2C_Richard_John_%281943%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_J._Roberts,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts
Nelson Mandela,1993 - Peace,,,Male,"Cape Province, Mvezo, South Africa",South Africa,"South African Politician And Anti-apartheid Fighter, President Of South Africa","Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ( /mænˈdɛlə/; Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliːɬaɬa manˈdeːla]; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician and philanthropist who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was South Africa's first black chief executive, and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through tackling institutionalised racism, poverty and inequality, and fostering racial reconciliation. Politically an African nationalist and democratic socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1991 to 1997. Internationally, Mandela was Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999.",1918,75,,South Africa,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Nelson_Mandela,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela
F. W. de Klerk,1993 - Peace,,,Male,"Johannesburg, South Africa",South Africa,State President Of South Africa,Frederik Willem de Klerk (born 18 March 1936) is a South African politician who served as the country's State President from September 1989 to May 1994. He was the seventh and last head of state of South Africa under the apartheid era. De Klerk was also leader of the National Party (which later became the New National Party ) from February 1989 to September 1997.,1936,57,Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education,South Africa,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/F._W._de_Klerk_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/F._W._de_Klerk,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk
Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.,1993 - Physics,Pulsars,,Male,"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States",United States of America,American Astronomer,"Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. (born March 29, 1941) is an American astrophysicist and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his discovery with Russell Alan Hulse of a ""new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation.""",1941,52,"Haverford College, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/2008JosephTaylor.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr.","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor,_Jr."
Russell Alan Hulse,1993 - Physics,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Astronomer,"Russell Alan Hulse (born November 28, 1950) is an American physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, shared with his thesis advisor Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr., "" for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation "". He was a specialist in the pulsar studies and gravitational waves.",1950,43,University of Massachusetts,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/HD.3A.054_%2810541035993%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Russell_Alan_Hulse,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse
George Andrew Olah,1994 - Chemestry,Carbocations via superacids,,Male,Hungary,Hungary,Hungarian Chemist,"George Andrew Olah (born Oláh György; May 22, 1927) is a Hungarian and American chemist. His research involves the generation and reactivity of carbocations via superacids. For this research, Olah was awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1994. He has also been awarded the Priestley Medal, the highest honor granted by the American Chemical Society and F.A. Cotton Medal for Excellence in Chemical Research of the American Chemical Society in 1996.",1927,67,Budapest University of Technology and Economics,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Ol%C3%A1h_Gy%C3%B6rgy_el%C5%91ad%C3%A1sa_8299.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Andrew_Olah,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah
John Forbes Nash Jr.,1994 - Economics,"Nash embedding theorem, Nash equilibrium",,Male,"Bluefield, West Virginia, United States",United States of America,American Mathematician,"John Forbes Nash, Jr. (born June 13, 1928) is an American mathematician whose works in game theory, differential geometry, and partial differential equations have provided insight into the factors that govern chance and events inside complex systems in daily life. His theories are used in market economics, computing, evolutionary biology, artificial intelligence, accounting, politics and military theory. Serving as a Senior Research Mathematician at Princeton University during the latter part of his life, he shared the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with game theorists Reinhard Selten and John Harsanyi.",1928,66,"Carnegie Mellon University, Princeton University, Carnegie Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/John_Forbes_Nash%2C_Jr._by_Peter_Badge.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr.","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr."
Reinhard Selten,1994 - Economics,,,Male,"Wrocław, Germany",Germany,German Scientist,"Reinhard Justus Reginald Selten (born 5 October 1930) is a German economist, who won the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with John Harsanyi and John Nash ). He is also well known for his work in bounded rationality, and can be considered as one of the founding fathers of experimental economics.",1930,64,Goethe University Frankfurt,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Reinhard_Selten2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Reinhard_Selten,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_Selten
John Harsanyi,1994 - Economics,"Utilitarianism, Equilibrium selection, Bayesian games",,Male,"Budapest, Hungary",Hungary,,"John Charles Harsanyi ( Hungarian: Harsányi János Károly; May 29, 1920 – August 9, 2000) was a Hungarian -American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner.",1920,74,"University of Sydney, Stanford University, Eötvös Loránd University, University of Lyon","Australia, Hungary",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6b/John_Harsanyi.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Harsanyi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harsanyi
Kenzaburō Ōe,1994 - Literature,,,Male,"Uchiko, Ehime Prefecture, Japan",Japan,Japanese Author,"Kenzaburō Ōe (大江 健三郎,Ōe Kenzaburō?, born January 31, 1935) is a Japanese author and a major figure in contemporary Japanese literature. His works, strongly influenced by French and American literature and literary theory, deal with political, social and philosophical issues including nuclear weapons, nuclear power, social non-conformism and existentialism.",1935,59,,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Paris_-_Salon_du_livre_2012_-_Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce_-_003.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce
Martin Rodbell,1994 - Medicine / Physiology,"G-proteins, Signal transduction",,Male,"Maryland, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Martin Rodbell (December 1, 1925 – December 7, 1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who is best known for his discovery of G-proteins. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Alfred G. Gilman for ""their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells.""",1925,69,"Johns Hopkins University, University of Washington",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Rodbell%2C_Martin_%281925-1998%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Martin_Rodbell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rodbell
Alfred G. Gilman,1994 - Medicine / Physiology,G-proteins,,Male,"New Haven, Connecticut, United States",United States of America,American Pharmacologist,"Alfred Goodman Gilman (born July 1, 1941) is an American pharmacologist and biochemist. He shared the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Martin Rodbell for their discoveries regarding G-proteins.",1941,53,Case Western Reserve University,United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alfred_G._Gilman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman
Yitzhak Rabin,1994 - Peace,,,Male,"Jerusalem, Israel",Israel,Israeli Politician,"Yitzhak Rabin ( Hebrew: יִצְחָק רַבִּין; IPA: [jitsˈχak ʁaˈbin]; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995.",1922,72,,Israel,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Life_of_Lt._Gen._Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_7th_IDF_Chief_of_Staff_in_photos_%2811%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Yitzhak_Rabin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin
Shimon Peres,1994 - Peace,,,Male,Poland,Poland,Israeli Politician,"Shimon Peres ( listen(help·info); Hebrew: שמעון פרס ‎; born Szymon Perski; 2 August 1923) is a Polish-born Israeli statesman. He was the ninth President of Israel from 2007 to 2014. Peres served twice as the Prime Minister of Israel and twice as Interim Prime Minister, and he was a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and, except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, served continuously until 2007, when he became President.",1923,71,,"Belarus, Israel, Poland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Shimon_Peres_by_David_Shankbone.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Shimon_Peres,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres
Yasser Arafat,1994 - Peace,,,Male,"Cairo, Egypt",Egypt,President Of The Palestinian Authority,"Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa ( Arabic: محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات ‎‎; 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ( Arabic: ياسر عرفات ‎, Yāsir `Arafāt ) or by his kunya Abu Ammar ( Arabic: أبو عمار ‎, Abū `Ammār ), was a Palestinian leader. He was Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and leader of the Fatah political party and former paramilitary group, which he founded in 1959. Arafat spent much of his life fighting against Israel in the name of Palestinian self-determination. Originally opposed to Israel's existence, he modified his position in 1988 when he accepted UN Security Council Resolution 242. Arafat and his movement operated from several Arab countries. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Fatah faced off with Jordan in a brief civil war. Forced out of Jordan and into Lebanon, Arafat and Fatah were major targets of Israel's 1978 and 1982 invasions of that country.",1929,65,,"Egypt, Palestine",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/ArafatEconomicForum.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Yasser_Arafat,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat
Clifford Shull,1994 - Physics,Neutron scattering,,Male,"Pittsburgh, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Clifford Glenwood Shull ( Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 23, 1915 – March 31, 2001) was a Nobel Prize -winning American physicist.",1915,79,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Wollan_and_Shull_1949.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Clifford_Shull,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_Shull
Bertram Brockhouse,1994 - Physics,,,Male,"Lethbridge, Canada",Canada,Canadian Physicist,"Bertram Neville Brockhouse, CCFRSCFRS (July 15, 1918 – October 13, 2003) was a Canadian physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (1994, shared with Clifford Shull ) ""for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"", in particular ""for the development of neutron spectroscopy "".",1918,76,,Canada,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Bertram_Brockhouse.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bertram_Brockhouse,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse
Frank Sherwood Rowland,1995 - Chemestry,Ozone depletion research,,Male,"Delaware, Ohio, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Frank Sherwood Rowland (June 28, 1927 – March 10, 2012) was an American Nobel laureate and a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. His research was on atmospheric chemistry and chemical kinetics. His best-known work was the discovery that chlorofluorocarbons contribute to ozone depletion. ",1927,68,"University of Chicago, Ohio Wesleyan University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/F._Sherwood_Rowland.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland
Paul J. Crutzen,1995 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Amsterdam, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Climatologist,"Paul Jozef Crutzen (born December 3, 1933) is a Dutch Nobel prize winning atmospheric chemist.",1933,62,,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Paul_Crutzen.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_J._Crutzen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen
Mario J. Molina,1995 - Chemestry,"Chlorofluorocarbon, Stratosphere",,Male,Mexico,Mexico,,"Mario José Molina-Pasquel Henríquez (born March 19, 1943 in Mexico City ) is a Mexican chemist and one of the most prominent precursors to the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. He was a co-recipient (along with Paul J. Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland ) of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in elucidating the threat to the Earth's ozone layer of chlorofluorocarbon gases (or CFCs ), becoming the first Mexican-born citizen to ever receive a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Molina is a climate policy adviser to President Enrique Peña Nieto of Mexico. ",1943,52,"University of California - Berkeley, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University of Freiburg",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Mario_Molina_1c389_8387.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mario_J._Molina,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_J._Molina
Robert Lucas Jr.,1995 - Economics,,,Male,"Yakima, Washington, United States",United States of America,Economist,"Robert Emerson Lucas, Jr. (born September 15, 1937) is an American economist at the University of Chicago. He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1995. He has been characterized by N. Gregory Mankiw as ""the most influential macroeconomist of the last quarter of the 20th century."" ",1937,58,University of Chicago,United States of America,,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Lucas,_Jr.","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lucas,_Jr."
Seamus Heaney,1995 - Literature,,,Male,"Castledawson, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Irish Poet,"Seamus Justin Heaney, MRIA ( /ˈʃeɪməsˈhiːni/; 13 April 1939 – 30 August 2013) was an Irish poet, playwright, translator and lecturer, and the recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Literature. In the early 1960s, he became a lecturer in Belfast after attending university there and began to publish poetry. He lived in Sandymount, Dublin, from 1976 until his death. ",1939,56,,Ireland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Seamus_Heaney_Photograph_Edit.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Seamus_Heaney,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamus_Heaney
Edward B. Lewis,1995 - Medicine / Physiology,Genetics of the common fruit fly,,Male,"Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Edward B. Lewis (May 20, 1918 – July 21, 2004) was an American geneticist, a corecipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.",1918,77,California Institute of Technology,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en6/68/EdwardBLewis.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edward_B._Lewis,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis
Eric F. Wieschaus,1995 - Medicine / Physiology,Drosophila embryogenesis,,Male,"South Bend, Indiana, United States",United States of America,American Geneticist,"Eric Francis Wieschaus (born June 8, 1947 in South Bend, Indiana ) is an American developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner.",1947,48,"Yale University, University of Notre Dame",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Wieschaus_ecal2011.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eric_F._Wieschaus,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard,1995 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Female,"Magdeburg, Germany",Germany,German Biochemist,"Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (born 20 October 1942 in Magdeburg ) is a German biologist. She won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis, for their research on the genetic control of embryonic development. Today she lives in Bebenhausen, Germany.",1942,53,University of Tübingen,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard_mg_4406.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard
Joseph Rotblat,1995 - Peace,"Hippocratic Oath for scientists, Campaigning for nuclear disarmament",,Male,"Warsaw, Poland",Poland,Polish-born British-naturalised Physicist,"Sir Joseph (Józef) Rotblat KCMG CBE FRS (4 November 1908 – 31 August 2005) was a British -naturalised Polish physicist. Rotblat's work on nuclear fallout was a major contribution toward the ratification of the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. A signatory of the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, he was secretary-general of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs from their founding until 1973. He shared, with the Pugwash Conferences, the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize for efforts toward nuclear disarmament. ",1908,87,"Free Polish University, University of Liverpool, University of Warsaw","Poland, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//4/47/Josef_Rotblat_ID_badge.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Joseph_Rotblat,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs,1995 - Peace,,,,,,,"The Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs is an international organization that brings together scholars and public figures to work toward reducing the danger of armed conflict and to seek solutions to global security threats. It was founded in 1957 by Joseph Rotblat and Bertrand Russell in Pugwash, Nova Scotia, Canada, following the release of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto in 1955.",,,,Canada,http:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Thinkers%27_Lodge_Today.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs
Frederick Reines,1995 - Physics,Neutrinos,,Male,"Paterson, New Jersey, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Frederick Reines (March 16, 1918 – August 26, 1998) was an American physicist. He was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for his co-detection of the neutrino with Clyde Cowan in the neutrino experiment, and may be the only scientist in history ""so intimately associated with the discovery of an elementary particle and the subsequent thorough investigation of its fundamental properties"". ",1918,77,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Frederick_Reines.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frederick_Reines,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Reines
Martin Lewis Perl,1995 - Physics,Tau (particle),,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Martin Lewis Perl (June 24, 1927 – September 30, 2014) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the tau lepton.",1927,68,"Columbia University, New York University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//6/65/Martin_Perl_-_tau.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Martin_Lewis_Perl,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl
Richard Smalley,1996 - Chemestry,Buckminsterfullerene,,Male,"Akron, Ohio, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Richard Errett Smalley (June 6, 1943 – October 28, 2005) was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University, in Houston, Texas. In 1996, along with Robert Curl, also a professor of chemistry at Rice, and Harold Kroto, a professor at the University of Sussex, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of a new form of carbon, buckminsterfullerene (""buckyballs""), and was a leading advocate of nanotechnology and its many applications, including its use in creating strong but lightweight materials as well as its potential to fight cancer.",1943,53,"University of Michigan, Princeton University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Richard_Smalley.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_Smalley,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Smalley
Harry Kroto,1996 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Chemist,"Sir Harold (Harry) Walter Kroto, FRS (born Harold Walter Krotoschiner; 7 October 1939), is an English chemist. He shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley. Kroto is the Francis Eppes Professor of Chemistry at the Florida State University, which he joined in 2004. Prior to that, he spent a large part of his career at the University of Sussex, where he now holds an emeritus professorship.",1939,57,University of Sheffield,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en1/13/Harry_Kroto.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Harry_Kroto,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Kroto
Robert F. Curl Jr.,1996 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Alice, Texas, United States",United States of America,,"Robert Floyd Curl, Jr. (born August 23, 1933) is an emeritus professor of chemistry at Rice University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996 for the discovery of the nanomaterial buckminsterfullerene, along with Richard Smalley also of Rice University, and Harold Kroto of the University of Sussex.",1933,63,"University of California - Berkeley, Rice University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Curl,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl
James Mirrlees,1996 - Economics,,,Male,"Kirkcudbrightshire, Minnigaff, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Scottish Economist,Sir James Alexander Mirrlees FRSEFBA (born 5 July 1936) is a Scottish economist and winner of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. He was knighted in 1998.,1936,60,"University of Cambridge, University of Edinburgh",United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Mirrlees,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mirrlees
William Vickrey,1996 - Economics,,,Male,"Victoria, British Columbia, Canada",Canada,,William Spencer Vickrey (21 June 1914 – 11 October 1996) was a Canadian-born professor of economics and Nobel Laureate. Vickrey was awarded the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with James Mirrlees for their research into the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information. The announcement of the prize was made just three days prior to his death; his Columbia University economics department colleague C. Lowell Harriss accepted the prize posthumously on his behalf.,1914,82,"Yale University, Columbia University","Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en2/2d/William_Vickrey.gif,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Vickrey,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Vickrey
Wisława Szymborska,1996 - Literature,,,Female,"Prowent, Poland",Poland,"Polish Essayist, Editor, Poet","Maria Wisława Anna Szymborska [viˈswava ʂɨmˈbɔrska] (2 July 1923 – 1 February 2012) was a Polish poet, essayist, translator and recipient of the 1996 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Prowent, which has since become part of Kórnik, she later resided in Kraków until the end of her life. She was described as a ""Mozart of Poetry"". In Poland, Szymborska's books have reached sales rivaling prominent prose authors: although she once remarked in a poem, ""Some Like Poetry"" (""Niektórzy lubią poezję""), that no more than two out of a thousand people care for the art. ",1923,73,,Poland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Szymborska_2011_%281%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wis%C5%82awa_Szymborska
Rolf M. Zinkernagel,1996 - Medicine / Physiology,Cytotoxic T cells,,Male,"Basel, Switzerland",Switzerland,Swiss Immunologist,"Rolf Martin Zinkernagel AC, FAA (born January 6, 1944 in Riehen, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland ) is Professor of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zurich. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1996 for the discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells.",1944,52,,Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Rolf_Zinkernagel_Erudite_Conclave_medical_college_trivandrum.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel
Peter C. Doherty,1996 - Medicine / Physiology,Major histocompatibility complex,,Male,"Brisbane, Australia",Australia,,"Peter Charles Doherty AC (born 15 October 1940) is an Australian veterinary surgeon and researcher in the field of medicine. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1995, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Rolf M. Zinkernagel in 1996 and was named Australian of the Year in 1997. In the Australia Day Honours of 1997, he was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for his work with Zinkernagel. Zinkernagel was named an honorary Companion. He is also a National Trust Australian Living Treasure. He had a younger brother named Ian and had two parents named Linda and Eric. He skipped a grade in school and entered the University of Queensland when he was 17.",1940,56,"University of Edinburgh, University of Queensland",Australia,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_C._Doherty,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty
José Ramos-Horta,1996 - Peace,,,Male,"Dili, East Timor",East Timor,Prime Minister Of East Timor,"José Manuel Ramos-Horta GCL AC ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ʒuˈzɛ ˈʁɐ̃muz ˈɔɾtɐ]; born 26 December 1949) is the United Nations' special Representative and Head of the United Nations Integrated Peacebuilding Office in Guinea-Bissau (UNIOGBIS). He was appointed to this position on 2 January 2013. Previously, he was special envoy to fellow Lusophone country, Guinea-Bissau, and was the President of East Timor from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012, the second since independence from Indonesia. He is a co-recipient of the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize and a former prime minister, having served from 2006 until his inauguration as president after winning the 2007 East Timorese presidential election. As a founder and former member of the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (FRETILIN), Ramos-Horta served as the exiled spokesman for the East Timorese resistance during the years of the Indonesian occupation of East Timor (1975 to 1999). While he has continued to work with FRETILIN, Ramos-Horta resigned from the party in 1988, becoming an independent politician. ",1949,47,"International Institute of Human Rights, Columbia University, Antioch College, Hague Academy of International Law","East Timor, Portugal",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//7/7e/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta_Portrait.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo,1996 - Peace,,,Male,"Wailakama, East Timor",East Timor,Roman Catholic Bishop,"Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo SDB, GCL (born 3 February 1948) is an East Timorese Roman Catholic bishop. Along with José Ramos-Horta, he received the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize for work ""towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor.""",1948,48,,"East Timor, Portugal",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//8/83/Carlosbelo.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo
Douglas Osheroff,1996 - Physics,"Helium-3, Superfluidity",Experimental physics,Male,"Aberdeen, Washington, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Douglas Dean Osheroff (born August 1, 1945) is a physicist known for his work in experimental condensed matter physics, in particular for his co-discovery of superfluidity in Helium-3. For his contributions he shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics along with David Lee and Robert C. Richardson. ",1945,51,"California Institute of Technology, Cornell University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Douglas_Osheroff_2011-08-08_cropped.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Douglas_Osheroff,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff
David Lee,1996 - Physics,,,Male,"Rye, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"David Morris Lee (born January 20, 1931) is an American physicist who shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics with Robert C. Richardson and Douglas Osheroff ""for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3."" ",1931,65,"Yale University, Harvard University, University of Connecticut",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Nobel_Laureate_David_Morris_Lee_in_2007.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/David_Lee_(physicist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lee_(physicist)
Robert Coleman Richardson,1996 - Physics,Superfluidity in helium-3,,Male,"Washington D.C., United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Robert Coleman Richardson (June 26, 1937 – February 19, 2013) was an American experimental physicist whose area of research included sub-millikelvin temperature studies of helium-3. Richardson, along with David Lee, as senior researchers, and then graduate student Douglas Osheroff, shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physics for their 1972 discovery of the property of superfluidity in helium-3 atoms in the Cornell University Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics. ",1937,59,"Duke University, Virginia Tech",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Robert_Coleman_Richardson.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Coleman_Richardson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson
Paul D. Boyer,1997 - Chemestry,Adenosine triphosphate,,Male,"Utah, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Paul Delos Boyer (born July 31, 1918) is an American biochemist, analytical chemist, and a professor of chemistry at University of California Los Angeles ( UCLA ). He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for research on the ""enzymatic mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"" ( ATP synthase ) with John E. Walker; the remainder of the Prize in that year was awarded to Danish chemist Jens Christian Skou for his discovery of the Na+/K+-ATPase. ",1918,79,"Brigham Young University, University of Wisconsin",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_D._Boyer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer
Jens Christian Skou,1997 - Chemestry,Na+/K+-ATPase,,Male,"Lemvig, Denmark",Denmark,Danish Chemist,"Jens Christian Skou ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈjɛns kʁæsdjæn ˈsɡʌʊ̯ˀ]; born October 8, 1918) is a Danish chemist and Nobel laureate.",1918,79,,Denmark,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Skou2008.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jens_Christian_Skou,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou
John E. Walker,1997 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Halifax, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Professor Sir John E. Walker Frs,"Professor Sir John Ernest Walker (born 7 January 1941) is an English chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1997. He is currently a group leader at the MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit in Cambridge, and a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College.",1941,56,University of Oxford,United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_E._Walker,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_E._Walker
Robert C. Merton,1997 - Economics,"Intertemporal CAPM, Long-Term Capital Management, Jarrow–Turnbull model, Merton Model, Black–Scholes model, Merton's portfolio problem",Finance,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Robert Cox Merton (born July 31, 1944) is an American economist, Nobel laureate in Economics, and professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, known for his pioneering contributions to continuous-time finance, especially the first continuous-time option pricing model, the Black-Scholes-Merton formula.",1944,53,"California Institute of Technology, Columbia University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Robert_C._Merton.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_C._Merton,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_C._Merton
Myron Scholes,1997 - Economics,,,Male,"Timmins, Canada",Canada,Canadian Economist,"Myron Samuel Scholes ( /ʃoʊlz/; born July 1, 1941) is a Canadian - American financial economist who is best known as one of the authors of the Black–Scholes equation. In 1997 he was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for a method to determine the value of derivatives. The model provides a conceptual framework for valuing options, such as calls or puts, and is referred to as the Black–Scholes model.",1941,56,"University of Chicago, McMaster University","Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Myron_Scholes_2008_in_Lindau.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Myron_Scholes,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_Scholes
Dario Fo,1997 - Literature,,,Male,"Leggiuno Sangiano, Italy",Italy,"Italian Actor-playwright, Theatre Director, Stage Designer, Songwriter And Political Campaigner","Dario Fo (born 24 March 1926) is an Italian actor-playwright, comedian, singer, theatre director, stage designer, songwriter and political campaigner, and recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature. ""Arguably the most widely performed contemporary playwright in world theatre"", much of his dramatic work depends on improvisation and comprises the recovery of ""illegitimate"" forms of theatre, such as those performed by giullari (medieval strolling players) and, more famously, the ancient Italian style of commedia dell'arte. ",1926,71,,Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Dario_Fo-Cesena.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dario_Fo,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dario_Fo
Stanley B. Prusiner,1997 - Medicine / Physiology,"Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, Prions",Infection,Male,"Des Moines, Iowa, United States",United States of America,"Neurologist, Biochemist","Stanley Benjamin Prusiner (born May 28, 1942 ) is an American neurologist and biochemist. Currently the director of the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Prusiner discovered prions, a class of infectious self-reproducing pathogens primarily or solely composed of protein. He received the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1994 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 for his prion research.",1942,55,"University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Prusiner_1.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Stanley_B._Prusiner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner
Jody Williams,1997 - Peace,,,Female,"Brattleboro, Vermont, United States",United States of America,American Teacher And Aid Worker,"Jody Williams (born 1950) is an American political activist known around the world for her work in banning anti-personnel landmines, her defense of human rights – especially those of women – and her efforts to promote new understandings of security in today’s world. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997 for her work toward the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines.",1950,47,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/JodyWilliamsMay2010.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jody_Williams,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jody_Williams
International Campaign to Ban Landmines,1997 - Peace,,,,,,,"The International Campaign to Ban Landmines ( ICBL ) is a coalition of non-governmental organizations working for a world free of anti-personnel mines and cluster munitions, where mine and cluster munitions survivors see their rights respected and can lead fulfilling lives.",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en6/6c/Icbl_english.pdf/page1-220px-Icbl_english.pdf.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines
Steven Chu,1997 - Physics,,,Male,"St. Louis, Missouri, United States",United States of America,Current United States Secretary Of Energy,"Steven Chu ( Chinese: 朱棣文; pinyin: Zhū Dìwén, born February 28, 1948 ) is an American physicist who served as the 12th United States Secretary of Energy from 2009 to 2013. Chu is known for his research at Bell Labs in cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, along with his scientific colleagues Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips. At the time of his appointment as Energy Secretary, he was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley, and the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where his research was concerned primarily with the study of biological systems at the single molecule level. Previously, he had been a professor of physics at Stanford University. He is a vocal advocate for more research into renewable energy and nuclear power, arguing that a shift away from fossil fuels is essential to combating climate change. For example, he has conceived of a global ""glucose economy"", a form of a low-carbon economy, in which glucose from tropical plants is shipped around like oil is today. On February 1, 2013, he announced he would not serve for the President's second term and resigned on April 22, 2013. ",1948,49,"University of California - Berkeley, University of Rochester",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Steven_Chu_official_DOE_portrait.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Steven_Chu,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Chu
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji,1997 - Physics,,,Male,"Constantine, Algeria",Algeria,French Physicist,"Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (born 1 April 1933) is a French physicist and Nobel Laureate. He shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics with Steven Chu and William Daniel Phillips for research in methods of laser cooling and trapping atoms. He is still an active researcher, working at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris.",1933,64,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji
William Daniel Phillips,1997 - Physics,Laser cooling,,Male,"Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States",United States of America,,"William Daniel Phillips (born November 5, 1948) is a Nobel Prize award winning, American physicist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics, in 1997, with Steven Chu and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.",1948,49,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Juniata College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/William_D._Phillips.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Daniel_Phillips,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Daniel_Phillips
Walter Kohn,1998 - Chemestry,Density functional theory,,Male,Austria,Austria,American Physicist,"Walter Kohn (born March 9, 1923) is an Austrian -born American theoretical physicist. He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the understandings of the electronic properties of materials. In particular, Kohn played the leading role in the development of density functional theory, which made it possible to incorporate quantum mechanical effects in the electronic density (rather than through its many-body wavefunction ). This computational simplification led to many insights and became an essential tool for electronic materials, atomic and molecular structure.",1923,75,"Harvard University, University of Toronto","Austria, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Walter_Kohn.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Walter_Kohn,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Kohn
John Pople,1998 - Chemestry,Computational methods in quantum chemistry,"Computational chemistry, Theoretical chemistry",Male,"Somerset, Burnham-on-Sea, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Chemist,"Sir John Anthony Pople, KBEFRS (31 October 1925 – 15 March 2004) was a Nobel Prize–winning theoretical chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Walter Kohn in the year 1998. He was born in Burnham-on-Sea, Somerset, England and attended the Bristol Grammar School. He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1943. He received his B. A. in 1946. Between 1945 and 1947 he worked at the Bristol Aeroplane Company. He then returned to Cambridge University and was awarded his doctorate degree in mathematics in 1951. He moved to the United States of America in 1964, where he lived the rest of his life, though he retained British citizenship. Pople considered himself more of a mathematician than a chemist, but theoretical chemists consider him one of the most important of their number. ",1925,73,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Pople,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pople
Amartya Sen,1998 - Economics,,"Development economics, Welfare economics",Male,"Santiniketan, West Bengal, India",India,Economist,"Amartya Kumar Sen ( Bengali: অমর্ত্য সেন; born 3 November 1933) is an Indian economist and philosopher who since 1972 has taught and worked in the United Kingdom and the United States. He has made contributions to welfare economics, social choice theory, economic and social justice, economic theories of famines, and indexes of the measure of well-being of citizens of developing countries. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his work in welfare economics.",1933,65,"University of Cambridge, Presidency University - Kolkata",India,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//e/e0/Amartya_Sen_NIH.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Amartya_Sen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amartya_Sen
José Saramago,1998 - Literature,,,Male,"Azinhaga, Ribatejo, Portugal",Portugal,"Portuguese Playwright, Novelist","José de Sousa Saramago, GColSE ( Portuguese: [ʒuˈzɛ ðɨ ˈsozɐ sɐɾɐˈmaɣu]; 16 November 1922 – 18 June 2010) was a Portuguese writer and recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature. His works, some of which can be seen as allegories, commonly present subversive perspectives on historic events, emphasizing the human factor. Harold Bloom described Saramago as ""the greatest living novelist"" and considers him to be ""a permanent part of the Western canon "", while James Wood praises ""the distinctive tone to his fiction because he narrates his novels as if he were someone both wise and ignorant."" ",1922,76,,Portugal,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/JSJoseSaramago.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Saramago
Robert F. Furchgott,1998 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Charleston, South Carolina, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Robert Francis Furchgott (June 4, 1916 – May 19, 2009) was a Nobel Prize -winning American biochemist.",1916,82,University of North Carolina,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Drfurchgott.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_F._Furchgott,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott
Ferid Murad,1998 - Medicine / Physiology,"Circulatory system, Cyclic guanosine monophosphate",,Male,"Whiting, Indiana, United States",United States of America,American Physician And Pharmacologist,"Ferid Murad (born September 14, 1936) is a physician and pharmacologist, and a co-winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He is also an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo. ",1936,62,"DePauw University, Case Western Reserve University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Ferid_Murad.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ferid_Murad,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferid_Murad
Louis Ignarro,1998 - Medicine / Physiology,Nitric oxide,Pharmacology,Male,"Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physiologist,"Louis J. Ignarro (born May 31, 1941) is an American pharmacologist. For demonstrating the signaling properties of nitric oxide, he was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad.",1941,57,"Columbia University, University of Minnesota",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//e/e7/Loius_Ignarro.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Louis_Ignarro,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Ignarro
John Hume,1998 - Peace,,,Male,"Derry, Ireland",Ireland,Irish Politician,"John Hume, KCSG (born 18 January 1937) is an Irish former politician from Derry, Northern Ireland. He was a founding member of the Social Democratic and Labour Party, and was co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, with David Trimble.",1937,61,St Patrick's College,Ireland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/John_Hume_2008.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Hume,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hume
David Trimble,1998 - Peace,,,Male,"Bangor, County Down, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Northern Irish Politician,"William David Trimble, Baron Trimble, PC (born 15 October 1944), is a British politician who was the first First Minister of Northern Ireland from 1998 to 2002, and the Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party from 1995 to 2005. He was also the Member of Parliament for Upper Bann from 1990 to 2005 and the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Upper Bann from 1998 to 2007. In 2006, he was made a life peer in the House of Lords and a year later left the UUP to join the Conservative Party.",1944,54,Queen's University Belfast,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Trimble%2C_David_%281944%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/David_Trimble,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Trimble
Daniel C. Tsui,1998 - Physics,Fractional quantum Hall effect,Electrical engineering,Male,"Henan, China",China,American Nobel Physicist,"Daniel Chee Tsui ( Chinese: 崔琦; pinyin: Cuī Qí, born February 28, 1939, Henan Province, China ) is a Chinese -born American physicist whose areas of research included electrical properties of thin films and microstructures of semiconductors and solid-state physics. He was previously the Arthur LeGrand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University and adjunct senior research scientist in the Department of Physics at Columbia University, where he was a visiting professor from 2006 to 2008. Currently, he is a research professor at Boston University. In 1998, along with Horst L. Störmer of Columbia and Robert Laughlin of Stanford, Tsui was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to the discovery of the fractional quantum Hall effect.",1939,59,"University of Chicago, Augustana College","China, United States of America",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Daniel_C._Tsui,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui
Robert B. Laughlin,1998 - Physics,,,Male,"Visalia, California, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Robert Betts Laughlin (born November 1, 1950) is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University. Along with Horst L. Störmer of Columbia University and Daniel C. Tsui of Princeton University, he was awarded a share of the 1998 Nobel Prize in physics for their explanation of the fractional quantum Hall effect.",1950,48,"University of California - Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Robert_Laughlin%2C_Stanford_University.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_B._Laughlin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin
Horst Ludwig Störmer,1998 - Physics,,,Male,"Frankfurt, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Horst Ludwig Störmer (born April 6, 1949) is a German physicist, Nobel laureate and emeritus professor at Columbia University. He was awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Daniel Tsui and Robert Laughlin ""for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"" (the fractional quantum Hall effect ). He and Tsui were working at Bell Labs at the time of the experiment cited by the Nobel committee.",1949,49,"University of Stuttgart, Goethe University Frankfurt",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer
Ahmed Zewail,1999 - Chemestry,Femtochemistry,,Male,"Damanhur, Egypt",Egypt,Egyptian Chemist,"Ahmed Hassan Zewail ( Arabic: أحمد حسن زويل ‎, IPA: [ˈæħmæd ˈħæsæn zeˈweːl]; born February 26, 1946) is an Egyptian - American scientist, known as the ""father of femtochemistry "", he won the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry and became the first Egyptian scientist to win a Nobel Prize in a scientific field. He is the Linus Pauling Chair Professor Chemistry, Professor of Physics and the director of the Physical Biology Centre for the Ultrafast Science and Technology ( UST ) at the California Institute of Technology.",1946,53,"University of Pennsylvania, Alexandria University",Egypt,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Ahmed_Zewail_HD2009_Othmer_Gold_Medal_portrait.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ahmed_Zewail,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail
Robert Mundell,1999 - Economics,,Monetary economics,Male,"Kingston, Ontario, Canada",Canada,,"Robert Alexander Mundell, CC (born October 24, 1932) is a Nobel Prize-winning Canadian economist. Mundell is a professor of economics at Columbia University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong.",1932,67,"University of Washington, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, London School of Economics, University of British Columbia",Canada,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Rmundell.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Mundell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Mundell
Günter Grass,1999 - Literature,,,Male,"Free City of Danzig, Wrzeszcz, Germany",Germany,German Novelist,"Günter Wilhelm Grass ( German: [ˈɡʏntɐ ˈɡʀas]; born 16 October 1927) is a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, sculptor and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is widely regarded as Germany's most famous living writer. ",1927,72,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/G%C3%BCnter_Grass_auf_dem_Blauen_Sofa.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/G%C3%BCnter_Grass,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass
Günter Blobel,1999 - Medicine / Physiology,Protein targeting,,Male,"Niegosławice, Lubusz Voivodeship, Germany",Germany,American Biologist,"Günter Blobel (born May 21, 1936) is a German biologist and 1999 Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell.",1936,63,"University of Wisconsin, University of Tübingen","Germany, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Gunter_Blobel_2008_1.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel
Médecins Sans Frontières,1999 - Peace,,,,,,,"Médecins Sans Frontières ( MSF ) (pronounced [medsɛ̃ sɑ̃ fʁɔ̃tjɛʁ]  ), or Doctors Without Borders, is a French -founded (now international and federal) humanitarian-aid non-governmental organization, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, best known for its projects in war-torn regions and developing countries facing endemic diseases. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. The organization is known in most of the world by its French name or simply as MSF, but in Canada and the United States the name Doctors Without Borders is commonly used. In 2007 over 26,000, mostly local, doctors, nurses and other medical professionals, logistical experts, water and sanitation engineers and administrators provided medical aid in over 60 countries. These doctors and nurses decided to volunteer their time to solve issues of world health. Private donors provide about 80% of the organization's funding, while governmental and corporate donations provide the rest, giving MSF an annual budget of approximately US$400 million. ",,,,"France, Switzerland",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/enb/bd/Msf_logo.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res
Gerard 't Hooft,1999 - Physics,"Quantum field theory, Quantum gravity",,Male,"Den Helder, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Physicist,"Gerardus (Gerard) 't Hooft ( Dutch: [ˌɣɪːrɑrt ət ˈɦoːft]; born July 5, 1946) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and professor at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics with his thesis advisor Martinus J. G. Veltman ""for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions "".",1946,53,,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Gerard_%27t_Hooft.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gerard_%27t_Hooft,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft
Martinus J. G. Veltman,1999 - Physics,,,Male,"Waalwijk, Netherlands",Netherlands,Dutch Physicist,"Martinus Justinus Godefriedus ""Tini"" Veltman ( Dutch: [ˈvɛltmɑn]; born June 27, 1931) is a Dutch theoretical physicist. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in physics with his former student Gerardus 't Hooft for their work on particle theory.",1931,68,Utrecht University,Netherlands,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Martinus_Veltman.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Martinus_J._G._Veltman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus_J._G._Veltman
Alan J. Heeger,2000 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Sioux City, Iowa, United States",United States of America,"American Chemist, Physicist","Alan Jay Heeger (born January 22, 1936) is an American physicist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate in chemistry.",1936,64,"University of California - Berkeley, University of Nebraska–Lincoln",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alan_J._Heeger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger
Alan MacDiarmid,2000 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Masterton, New Zealand",New Zealand,Chemist,"Alan Graham MacDiarmid, ONZ (14 April 1927 – 7 February 2007) was a chemist, and one of three recipients of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2000.",1927,73,"Victoria University - Wellington, University of Cambridge, University of Wisconsin","New Zealand, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Alan_MacDiarmid_2005.017.004e_crop.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Alan_MacDiarmid_2005.017.004e_crop.tif.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alan_MacDiarmid,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid
Hideki Shirakawa,2000 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Tokyo, Japan",Japan,Japanese Scientist,"Hideki Shirakawa (白川 英樹 Shirakawa Hideki, born in Tokyo on August 20, 1936) is a Japanese chemist and winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of conductive polymers together with physics professor Alan J. Heeger and chemistry professor Alan G. MacDiarmid at the University of Pennsylvania.",1936,64,Tokyo Institute of Technology,Japan,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hideki_Shirakawa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa
James Heckman,2000 - Economics,,Microeconomics,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"James Joseph Heckman (born 19 April 1944) is an American economist and Nobel laureate. He is the Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the and Director at the Center for the Economics of Human Development at the University of Chicago, and a Senior Research Fellow at the American Bar Foundation.",1944,56,"Princeton University, Colorado College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/James_Heckman.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Heckman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Heckman
Daniel McFadden,2000 - Economics,Discrete choice,,Male,"Raleigh, North Carolina, United States",United States of America,Economist,"Daniel Little McFadden (born July 29, 1937) is an American econometrician who shared the 2000 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with James Heckman. McFadden's share of the prize was ""for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice "". He is the Presidential Professor of Health Economics at the University of Southern California and Professor of the Graduate School at University of California, Berkeley.",1937,63,University of Minnesota,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//b/b4/McFadden.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Daniel_McFadden,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_McFadden
Gao Xingjian,2000 - Literature,,,Male,"Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China",China,Writer,"Gao Xingjian ( Chinese: 高行健; Mandarin: [káu ɕĭŋ tɕiɛ̂n]; born January 4, 1940) is a Chinese émigré novelist, playwright, and critic who in 2000 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature “for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity.” He is also a noted translator (particularly of Samuel Beckett and Eugène Ionesco ), screenwriter, stage director, and a celebrated painter. In 1998, Gao was granted French citizenship.",1940,60,Beijing Foreign Studies University,"China, France",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Gao_Xingjian_Galerie_Simoncini_Luxembourg.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gao_Xingjian,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao_Xingjian
Eric Kandel,2000 - Medicine / Physiology,Physiology of memory,"Neuroscience, Psychiatry",Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,American Neuropsychiatrist,"Eric Richard Kandel (born November 7, 1929) is an American neuropsychiatrist. He was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. He shared the prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard.",1929,71,"Harvard University, New York University","Austria, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Eric_Kandel_World_Economic_Forum_2013.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eric_Kandel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Kandel
Paul Greengard,2000 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Neuroscientist,"Paul Greengard (born December 11, 1925) is an American neuroscientist best known for his work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. In 2000, Greengard, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. He is currently Vincent Astor Professor at Rockefeller University, and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cure Alzheimer's Fund. He is married to artist Ursula von Rydingsvard.",1925,75,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Paul_Greengard.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Greengard,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Greengard
Arvid Carlsson,2000 - Medicine / Physiology,Dopamine,,Male,"Uppsala, Sweden",Sweden,Swedish Neuroscientist,"Arvid Carlsson (born 25 January 1923) is a Swedish scientist who is best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects in Parkinson's disease. For his work on dopamine, Carlsson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000, along with co-recipients Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard.",1923,77,Lund University,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Arvid_Carlsson_2011a.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arvid_Carlsson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson
Kim Dae-jung,2000 - Peace,,,Male,"Haui-do, South Korea",South Korea,South Korean President,"Kim Dae-jung ( Korean pronunciation: [kimdɛdʑuŋ]; 3 December 1925 – 18 August 2009) was the 8th President of South Korea from 1998 to 2003, and the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize recipient. He came to be called the "" Nelson Mandela of Asia"" for his long-standing opposition to authoritarian rule and for his Sunshine Policy towards North Korea. ",1925,75,,"Korea, South",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//1/16/Kim_Dae-jung_%28Cropped%29.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kim_Dae-jung,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Dae-jung
Jack Kilby,2000 - Physics,,,Male,"Jefferson City, Missouri, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Jack St. Clair Kilby (November 8, 1923 – June 20, 2005) was an American electrical engineer who took part (along with Robert Noyce ) in the realization of the first integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments (TI) in 1958. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics on December 10, 2000. To congratulate him, US President Bill Clinton wrote, ""You can take pride in the knowledge that your work will help to improve lives for generations to come."" ",1923,77,"University of Illinois, University of Wisconsin",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/cc/Jack_Kilby.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jack_Kilby,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kilby
Zhores Alferov,2000 - Physics,Heterotransistors,,Male,"Vitebsk, Belarus",Belarus,Soviet And Russian Physicist And Academic,"Zhores Ivanovich Alferov ( Russian: Жоре́с Ива́нович Алфёров, [ʐɐˈrʲɛs ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ ɐlˈfʲorəf]; Belarusian: Жарэс Іва́навіч Алфёраў; born March 15, 1930) is a Belarusian, Soviet and Russian physicist and academic who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. He is the inventor of the heterotransistor and the winner of 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is also a Russian politician and has been a member of the Russian State Parliament, the Duma, since 1995. Lately, he has become one of the most influential members of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.",1930,70,V. I. Ulyanov Electrotechnical Institute,"Belarus, Russia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//d/de/Zhores_Alferov.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Zhores_Alferov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhores_Alferov
Herbert Kroemer,2000 - Physics,"Heterojunction, Drift-field transistor",,Male,"Weimar, Germany",Germany,,"Herbert Kroemer (born August 25, 1928), a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara, received his Ph.D. in theoretical physics in 1952 from the University of Göttingen, Germany, with a dissertation on hot electron effects in the then-new transistor, setting the stage for a career in research on the physics of semiconductor devices. In 2000, Dr. Kroemer, along with Zhores I. Alferov, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics ""for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics"". The other co-recipient of the Nobel Prize was Jack Kilby for his invention and development of integrated circuits and micro-chips.",1928,72,"University of Göttingen, University of Jena",Germany,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Herbert_Kroemer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer
William Standish Knowles,2001 - Chemestry,Chiral phosphine ligands effective in enantioselective synthesis of L-DOPA,,Male,"Taunton, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"William Standish Knowles (June 1, 1917 – June 13, 2012) was an American chemist. He was born in Taunton, Massachusetts. Knowles was one of the recipients of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He shared half the prize with Ryōji Noyori for their work in asymmetric synthesis, specifically for his work in hydrogenation reactions. The other half was awarded to K. Barry Sharpless for his work in oxidation reactions. ",1917,84,"Columbia University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Hydrogenation-Knowles1968.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_Standish_Knowles,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles
Karl Barry Sharpless,2001 - Chemestry,Click chemistry,,Male,"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,Karl Barry Sharpless (born 28 April 1941) is an American chemist known for his work on stereoselective reactions.,1941,60,"Dartmouth College, Stanford University, Harvard University",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Karl_Barry_Sharpless,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless
Ryōji Noyori,2001 - Chemestry,,Enantioselective synthesis,Male,"Kobe, Japan",Japan,Japanese Chemist,"Ryōji Noyori (野依 良治,Noyori Ryōji?, born September 3, 1938) is a Japanese chemist. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001. Noyori shared half of the prize with William S. Knowles for the study of chirally catalyzed hydrogenations; the second half of the Prize went to K. Barry Sharpless for his study in chirally catalyzed oxidation reactions ( Sharpless epoxidation ).",1938,63,"Harvard University, Kyoto University, Nagoya University",Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Noyori_small.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori
Joseph Stiglitz,2001 - Economics,,"Public economics, Information economics",Male,"Gary, Indiana, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Joseph Eugene Stiglitz, ForMemRS, FBA (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor at Columbia University. He is a recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2001) and the John Bates Clark Medal (1979). He is a former senior vice president and chief economist of the World Bank, and is a former member, and Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. He is known for his critical view of the management of globalization, free-market economists (whom he calls "" free market fundamentalists ""), and some international institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.",1943,58,"Amherst College, University of Chicago, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Joseph_E._Stiglitz_-_cropped.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Joseph_Stiglitz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz
Michael Spence,2001 - Economics,,,Male,"Montclair, New Jersey, United States",United States of America,Economist,"Andrew Michael Spence (born November 7, 1943, Montclair, New Jersey) is an American economist and recipient of the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, along with George A. Akerlof and Joseph E. Stiglitz, for their work on the dynamics of information flows and market development. He conducted this research while at Harvard University.",1943,58,"University of Oxford, Princeton University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/A_Michael_Spence.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Michael_Spence,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Spence
George Akerlof,2001 - Economics,,,Male,"New Haven, Connecticut, United States",United States of America,,"George Arthur Akerlof (born June 17, 1940) is an American economist and Koshland Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. He won the 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Michael Spence and Joseph E. Stiglitz ). In November 2014, he will join the faculty of the McCourt School of Public Policy at Georgetown University. ",1940,61,"Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/George_Akerlof.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Akerlof,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Akerlof
V. S. Naipaul,2001 - Literature,,,Male,"Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago",Trinidad and Tobago,Writer,"Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul ( /ˈnaɪpɔːl/ or /naɪˈpɔːl/; born 17 August 1932), is a Trinidad -born Nobel Prize -winning British writer of Indian heritage known for his comic early novels set in Trinidad, his bleaker later novels of the wider world, and his autobiographical chronicles of life and travels. Naipaul has published more than 30 books, both of fiction and nonfiction, over some 50 years.",1932,69,,Trinidad and Tobago,,http://dbpedia.org/page/V._S._Naipaul,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._S._Naipaul
Tim Hunt,2001 - Medicine / Physiology,Cell cycle,,Male,"Neston, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Biochemist,"Sir (Richard) Timothy Hunt, FRS (born 19 February 1943 in Neston, Cheshire ) is an English biochemist. He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and Leland H. Hartwell for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division (duplication) of cells. ",1943,58,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Tim_Hunt_at_UCSF_05_2009_%284%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Tim_Hunt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Hunt
Paul Nurse,2001 - Medicine / Physiology,"Cell cycle regulation, Cyclin-dependent kinase 1",,Male,"Norwich, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Biochemist,"Sir Paul Maxime Nurse, PRS, PhD (born 25 January 1949), is an English geneticist, President of the Royal Society and Chief Executive and Director of the Francis Crick Institute. He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with Leland Hartwell and Tim Hunt for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division (duplication) of cells in the cell cycle. ",1949,52,"University of Birmingham, University of East Anglia",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Paul_Nurse_2007.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Nurse,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nurse
Leland H. Hartwell,2001 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Los Angeles, United States",United States of America,,"Leland Harrison (Lee) Hartwell (born October 30, 1939, in Los Angeles, California ) is former president and director of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington. He shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Paul Nurse and R. Timothy Hunt, for their discoveries of protein molecules that control the division (duplication) of cells. ",1939,62,"California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Leland_H._Hartwell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell
Kofi Annan,2001 - Peace,,,Male,"Kumasi, Ghana",Ghana,Secretary-general Of The United Nations,"Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize ""for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world."" He is the Chairman of The Elders, a group founded by Nelson Mandela.",1938,63,"Macalester College, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Geneva, Kwame Nkrumah University",Ghana,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kofi_Annan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan
United Nations,2001 - Peace,,,,,,,"The United Nations ( UN ) is an intergovernmental organization established on 24 October 1945 to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was created following the Second World War to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The UN Headquarters is situated in Manhattan, New York City and enjoys extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/United_Nations,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations
Eric Allin Cornell,2001 - Physics,,,Male,"Palo Alto, California, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"Eric Allin Cornell (born December 19, 1961) is an American physicist who, along with Carl E. Wieman, was able to synthesize the first Bose–Einstein condensate in 1995. For their efforts, Cornell, Wieman, and Wolfgang Ketterle shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001.",1961,40,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/WiemanandCornell.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eric_Allin_Cornell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell
Wolfgang Ketterle,2001 - Physics,Bose–Einstein condensate,,Male,"Heidelberg, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Wolfgang Ketterle (born 21 October 1957) is a German physicist and professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). His research has focused on experiments that trap and cool atoms to temperatures close to or below absolute zero, and he led one of the first groups to realize Bose–Einstein condensation in these systems in 1995. For this achievement, as well as early fundamental studies of condensates, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001, together with Eric Allin Cornell and Carl Wieman.",1957,44,"Heidelberg University, Technische Universität München, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Max Planck Institute",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Ketterle.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wolfgang_Ketterle,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle
Carl Wieman,2001 - Physics,,,Male,"Corvallis, Oregon, United States",United States of America,Physicist,"Carl Edwin Wieman (born March 26, 1951) is an American physicist and educationist at Stanford University and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics at the University of Colorado for the production, in 1995 with Eric Allin Cornell and Wolfgang Ketterle, of the first true Bose–Einstein condensate.",1951,50,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/WiemanandCornell.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carl_Wieman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wieman
John Fenn,2002 - Chemestry,Electrospray ionization,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"John Bennett Fenn (June 15, 1917 – December 10, 2010) was an American research professor of analytical chemistry who was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. Fenn shared half of the award with Koichi Tanaka for their work in mass spectrometry. The other half of the 2002 award went to Kurt Wüthrich. Fenn's contributions specifically related to the development of electrospray ionization, now a commonly used technique for large molecules and routine liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Early in his career, Fenn did research in the field of jet propulsion at Project SQUID, and focused on molecular beam studies. Fenn finished his career with more than 100 publications, including one book.",1917,85,"Berea College, Yale University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/John_B_Fenn01.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Fenn_(chemist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fenn_(chemist)
Koichi Tanaka,2002 - Chemestry,Soft laser desorption,,Male,"Toyama, Japan",Japan,Japanese Chemist,"Koichi Tanaka (田中 耕一,Tanaka Kōichi?, born August 3, 1959) is a Japanese engineer who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules with John Bennett Fenn and Kurt Wüthrich (the latter for work in NMR spectroscopy). ",1959,43,Tohoku University,Japan,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Koichi_Tanaka,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka
Kurt Wüthrich,2002 - Chemestry,NMR of proteins,,Male,"Aarberg, Switzerland",Switzerland,Swiss Chemist,"Kurt Wüthrich (born October 4, 1938 in Aarberg, Canton of Bern ) is a Swiss chemist / biophysicist and Nobel Chemistry laureate, known for developing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods for studying biological macromolecules.",1938,64,"University of Basel, University of Bern",Switzerland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Kurt_wuethrich.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich
Vernon L. Smith,2002 - Economics,,,Male,"Wichita, Kansas, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Vernon Lomax Smith (born on January 1, 1927) is professor of economics at Chapman University's Argyros School of Business and Economics and School of Law in Orange, California, a research scholar at George Mason University Interdisciplinary Center for Economic Science, and a Fellow of the Mercatus Center, all in Arlington, Virginia. Smith shared the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Daniel Kahneman. He is the founder and president of the International Foundation for Research in Experimental Economics, a Member of the Board of Advisors for The Independent Institute, and a Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute in Washington D.C.. In 2004 Smith was honored with an honorary doctoral degree at Universidad Francisco Marroquín, the institution that named the Vernon Smith Center for Experimental Economics Research after him. ",1927,75,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/VernonSmith2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Vernon_L._Smith,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_L._Smith
Daniel Kahneman,2002 - Economics,"Prospect theory, Cognitive biases",Psychology,Male,"Tel Aviv, Israel",Israel,Economist,"Daniel Kahneman ( Hebrew: דניאל כהנמן ‎, born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American psychologist. He shared the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Vernon L. Smith. Kahneman is notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, behavioral economics and hedonic psychology.",1934,68,"University of California - Berkeley, Hebrew University of Jerusalem","Israel, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//c/c8/Daniel_KAHNEMAN.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Daniel_Kahneman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Kahneman
Imre Kertész,2002 - Literature,,,Male,"Budapest, Hungary",Hungary,Hungarian Writer,"Imre Kertész ( Hungarian: [ˈimrɛ ˈkɛrteːs]; born 9 November 1929) is a Hungarian author, Holocaust concentration camp survivor, and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature, ""for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"". Born in Budapest, Hungary, he resides in Berlin with his wife. ",1929,73,,Hungary,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz_%281929-%29_Hungarian_writer_II._by_Csaba_Segesv%C3%A1ri.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_Kert%C3%A9sz
H. Robert Horvitz,2002 - Medicine / Physiology,,Biology,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Howard Robert Horvitz (born May 8, 1947) is an American biologist best known for his research on the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans.",1947,55,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/H._Robert_Horvitz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz
John Sulston,2002 - Medicine / Physiology,"Apoptosis, Sulston score, Genome sequencing of Caenorhabditis elegans and humans, Human Genome Project","Zoology, Molecular biology",Male,"Cambridge, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Biologist And Humanist,"Sir John Edward Sulston FRS (born 27 March 1942) is a British biologist. He is a joint winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. As of 2012 he is Chair of the Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation at the University of Manchester. ",1942,60,University of Cambridge,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/John_Sulston.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Sulston,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sulston
Sydney Brenner,2002 - Medicine / Physiology,"Caenorhabditis elegans, Apoptosis",,Male,"Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa",South Africa,South African Biologist,"Sydney Brenner, CH FRS (born 13 January 1927) is a South African biologist and a 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate, shared with H. Robert Horvitz and John Sulston.",1927,75,"University of California - Berkeley, University of Oxford, University of the Witwatersrand","South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/EMLederberg_GStent_SBrenner_JLederberg_1965_wiki.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Sydney_Brenner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Brenner
Jimmy Carter,2002 - Peace,,,Male,"Plains, Georgia, United States",United States of America,President Of The United States,"James Earl "" Jimmy "" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 and was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize. Carter, raised in rural Georgia, was a peanut farmer, served two terms as a Georgia State Senator and one as the Governor of Georgia, from 1971 to 1975. He was elected President in 1976, running as an outsider who promised truth in government in the wake of the Watergate scandal. He is the second oldest (after George H. W. Bush ) of America's four living former presidents.",1924,78,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/JimmyCarterPortrait2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jimmy_Carter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter
Raymond Davis Jr.,2002 - Physics,Neutrinos,,Male,"Washington D.C., United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Raymond (Ray) Davis, Jr. (October 14, 1914 – May 31, 2006) was an American chemist, physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate. ",1914,88,"Yale University, University of Maryland",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Raymond_Davis%2C_Jr_2001.jpg,"http://dbpedia.org/page/Raymond_Davis,_Jr.","http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Davis,_Jr."
Riccardo Giacconi,2002 - Physics,Astrophysics,Astrophysics,Male,"Genoa, Italy",Italy,,"Riccardo Giacconi (born October 6, 1931) is an Italian-American Nobel Prize -winning astrophysicist who laid the foundations of X-ray astronomy. He is currently a professor at the Johns Hopkins University.",1931,71,University of Milan,"Italy, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/RiccardoGiacconi.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Riccardo_Giacconi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi
Masatoshi Koshiba,2002 - Physics,"Astrophysics, Neutrinos",Astrophysics,Male,"Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan",Japan,,"Masatoshi Koshiba (小柴 昌俊,Koshiba Masatoshi?, born on September 19, 1926 in Toyohashi, Aichi) is a Japanese physicist. He jointly won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2002.",1926,76,"University of Rochester, University of Tokyo",Japan,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Masatoshi_Koshiba,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba
Roderick MacKinnon,2003 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Burlington, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Neuroscientist,Roderick MacKinnon (born 19 February 1956) is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter Agre in 2003 for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels.,1956,47,Brandeis University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Roderick_MacKinnon%2C_M.D..jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roderick_MacKinnon,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon
Peter Agre,2003 - Chemestry,Aquaporin,,Male,"Northfield, Minnesota,  United States",United States of America,Distinguished Eagle Scout,"Peter Agre /ˈɑːɡriː/ (born January 30, 1949) is an American physician, professor, and molecular biologist who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (which he shared with Roderick MacKinnon ) for his discovery of aquaporins. Aquaporins are water-channel proteins that move water molecules through the cell membrane. In 2009, Agre was elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He is currently a professor at Johns Hopkins University.",1949,54,"Johns Hopkins University, Augsburg College, Case Western Reserve University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Peter_Agre.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_Agre,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Agre
Robert F. Engle,2003 - Economics,,,Male,"Syracuse, New York, United States",United States of America,American Statistician,"Robert Fry Engle III (born November 10, 1942) is an American economist and the winner of the 2003 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, sharing the award with Clive Granger, ""for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility ( ARCH )"".",1942,61,"Williams College, Cornell University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//e/e4/Robert_F._Engle.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_F._Engle,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Engle
Clive Granger,2003 - Economics,,,Male,"Swansea, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,British Economist,"Sir Clive William John Granger ( /ˈɡreɪndʒər/; 4 September 1934 – 27 May 2009) was a British economist, who taught in Britain at the University of Nottingham and in the United States at the University of California, San Diego. In 2003, Granger was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, in recognition that he and his co-winner, Robert F. Engle, had made contributions to the analysis of time series data that had changed fundamentally the way in which economists analyse financial and macroeconomic data. ",1934,69,University of Nottingham,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Clive_Granger_by_Olaf_Storbeck.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Clive_Granger,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Granger
J. M. Coetzee,2003 - Literature,,,Male,"Cape Town, South Africa",South Africa,"South African-born Novelist, Translator And Academic","John Maxwell ""J. M."" Coetzee ( /kʊtˈsiː/, kuut-SEE; born 9 February 1940) is a South African novelist, essayist, linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. He relocated to Australia in 2002 and lives in Adelaide. He became an Australian citizen in 2006. ",1940,63,"University of Texas, University of Cape Town",South Africa,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/J.M._Coetzee.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/J._M._Coetzee,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._Coetzee
Paul Lauterbur,2003 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Sidney, Ohio, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Paul Christian Lauterbur (May 6, 1929 – March 27, 2007) was an American chemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2003 with Peter Mansfield for his work which made the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) possible. ",1929,74,"Case Western Reserve University, University of Pittsburgh",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//a/a6/PaulLauterbur.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Lauterbur,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur
Peter Mansfield,2003 - Medicine / Physiology,Magnetic resonance imaging,,Male,"Lambeth, London, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,English Physicist,"Sir Peter Mansfield, BSc (London), PhD, FRS, (born 9 October 1933), is an English physicist who was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, shared with Paul Lauterbur, for discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sir Peter is a professor at the University of Nottingham.",1933,70,"University of London, Queen Mary University",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Peter_Mansfield_Leipzig.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_Mansfield,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mansfield
Shirin Ebadi,2003 - Peace,Defenders of Human Rights Center,,Female,"Hamadan, Iran",Iran,Iranian Lawyer And Human Rights Activist,"Shirin Ebadi ( Persian: شيرين عبادى ‎ Širin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian lawyer, a former judge and human rights activist and founder of Defenders of Human Rights Center in Iran. On 10 October 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first ever Iranian to receive the prize.",1947,56,University of Tehran,Iran,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Shirin_Ebadi_on_Poletik.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Shirin_Ebadi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov,2003 - Physics,,,Male,"Moscow, Russia",Russia,Russian Physicist,"Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov ( Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов; born June 25, 1928) is a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.",1928,75,"Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow State University","Russia, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/AA_Abrikosov_ANL1.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alexei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Alexeyevich_Abrikosov
Vitaly Ginzburg,2003 - Physics,"Ferroelectricity, Plasma (physics)",,Male,"Moscow, Russia",Russia,,"Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg, ForMemRS ( Russian: Вита́лий Ла́заревич Ги́нзбург; October 4, 1916 – November 8, 2009) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, a member of the Soviet and Russian Academies of Sciences and one of the fathers of Soviet hydrogen bomb. He was the successor to Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( FIAN ), and an outspoken atheist. He was also known as supporter of the State of Israel and as person valuing his secular Jewish identity. ",1916,87,Moscow State University,Russia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Vitaly_Ginzburg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg
Anthony James Leggett,2003 - Physics,"Quantum dissipation, Leggett–Garg inequality, Foundations of quantum mechanics",,Male,"Camberwell, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Sir Anthony James Leggett, KBE, FRS (born 26 March 1938), also Tony Leggett, has been a Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign since 1983. ",1938,65,University of Oxford,"United Kingdom, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Nobel_Laureate_Sir_Anthony_James_Leggett_in_2007.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Anthony_James_Leggett,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett
Irwin Rose,2004 - Chemestry,Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation,,Male,"Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Irwin A. Rose (born July 16, 1926) is an American biologist. Along with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko, he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of ubiquitin -mediated protein degradation.",1926,78,University of Chicago,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Rose.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Irwin_Rose,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwin_Rose
Aaron Ciechanover,2004 - Chemestry,Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation,,Male,"Haifa, Palestine",Palestine,Israeli Physician,"Aaron Ciechanover pronunction (help·info) ah-hah-ROHN chee-HAH-noh-vehr (אהרן צ'חנובר; born October 1, 1947) is an Israeli biologist, who won the Nobel prize in Chemistry for characterizing the method that cells use to degrade and recycle proteins using ubiquitin.",1947,57,,Israel,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Nobel_Laureate_Aaron_Ciechanover.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Aaron_Ciechanover,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover
Avram Hershko,2004 - Chemestry,Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation,,Male,"Karcag, Hungary",Hungary,Israeli Scientist,Avram Hershko ( Hebrew: אברהם הרשקו ‎; born 31 December 1937) is a Hungarian born Israeli biochemist and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.,1937,67,,"Hungary, Israel",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Nobel_Laureate_Avram_Hershko.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Avram_Hershko,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avram_Hershko
Edward C. Prescott,2004 - Economics,,,Male,"Glens Falls, New York, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Edward Christian Prescott (born December 26, 1940) is an American economist. He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2004, sharing the award with Finn E. Kydland, ""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles"". This research was primarily conducted while both Kydland and Prescott were affiliated with the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (now Tepper School of Business ) at Carnegie Mellon University. According to the IDEAS/RePEc rankings, he is the 19th most widely cited economist in the world today. In August 2014, Prescott was appointed as an Adjunct Distinguished Economic Professor at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra, Australia.",1940,64,"Carnegie Mellon University, Swarthmore College, Case Western Reserve University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Edward_C._Prescott.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edward_C._Prescott,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_C._Prescott
Finn E. Kydland,2004 - Economics,,,Male,"Ålgård, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Economist,"Finn Erling Kydland (born 1 December 1943) is a Norwegian economist. He is the Henley Professor of Economics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He also holds the Richard P. Simmons Distinguished Professorship at the Tepper School of Business of Carnegie Mellon University, where he earned his Ph.D., and a part-time position at the Norwegian School of Economics (NHH). Kydland was a co-recipient of the 2004 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics (shared with Edward C. Prescott ), ""for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles"".",1943,61,"Carnegie Mellon University, Norwegian School of Economics",Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//e/e8/Kydland.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Finn_E._Kydland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finn_E._Kydland
Elfriede Jelinek,2004 - Literature,,,Female,"Mürzzuschlag, Styria, Austria",Austria,"Austrian Playwright, Novelist","Elfriede Jelinek ( German: [ɛlˈfʀiːdə ˈjɛlinɛk]; born 20 October 1946) is an Austrian playwright and novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2004 for her ""musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that, with extraordinary linguistic zeal, reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power.""",1946,58,,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Elfriede_jelinek_2004_small.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Elfriede_Jelinek,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfriede_Jelinek
Linda B. Buck,2004 - Medicine / Physiology,Olfactory receptors,,Female,"Washington, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Linda Brown Buck (born January 29, 1947) is an American biologist best known for her work on the olfactory system. She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with Richard Axel, for their work on olfactory receptors. ",1947,57,University of Washington,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/LindaBuck_cropped_1.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Linda_B._Buck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_B._Buck
Richard Axel,2004 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,American Molecular Biologist,"Richard Axel (born July 2, 1946) is a molecular biologist whose work on the olfactory system won him and Linda B. Buck, a former post-doctoral scientist in his research group, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2004.",1946,58,"Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Richard_Axel.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_Axel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Axel
Wangari Maathai,2004 - Peace,Green Belt Movement,,Female,"Ihithe village, Nyeri District, Kenya",Kenya,Kenyan Environmental And Political Activist,"Wangari Muta Maathai (1 April 1940 – 25 September 2011) was a Kenyan environmental and political activist. She was educated in the United States at Mount St. Scholastica ( Benedictine College ) and the University of Pittsburgh, as well as the University of Nairobi in Kenya. In the 1970s, Maathai founded the Green Belt Movement, an environmental non-governmental organization focused on the planting of trees, environmental conservation, and women's rights. In 1986, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award, and in 2004, she became the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for ""her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"". Maathai was an elected member of Parliament and served as assistant minister for Environment and Natural Resources in the government of President Mwai Kibaki between January 2003 and November 2005. Furthermore she was an Honorary Councillor of the World Future Council. In 2011, Maathai died of complications from ovarian cancer.",1940,64,Benedictine College,Kenya,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Wangari_Maathai.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Wangari_Maathai,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangari_Maathai
David Gross,2004 - Physics,Heterotic string theory,String theory,Male,"Washington D.C., United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"David Jonathan Gross (born February 19, 1941) is an American particle physicist and string theorist. Along with Frank Wilczek and David Politzer, he was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for their discovery of asymptotic freedom. He is the former director and current holder of the Frederick W. Gluck Chair in Theoretical Physics at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University of California, Santa Barbara. He is also a faculty member in the UC Santa Barbara Physics Department and is currently affiliated with the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California.",1941,63,"University of California - Berkeley, Hebrew University of Jerusalem",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/David_Gross_LANL.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/David_Gross,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Gross
Frank Wilczek,2004 - Physics,"Quantum chromodynamics, Asymptotic freedom, Particle statistics",,Male,"Mineola, New York, United States",United States of America,,"Frank Anthony Wilczek (born May 15, 1951) is an American theoretical physicist, mathematician and a Nobel laureate. He is currently the Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). ",1951,53,"University of Chicago, Princeton University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Nobel_Laureate_Frank_Wilczek_2007.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Frank_Wilczek,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wilczek
Hugh David Politzer,2004 - Physics,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,,"Hugh David Politzer (born August 31, 1949) is an American theoretical physicist. He shared the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics with David Gross and Frank Wilczek for their discovery of asymptotic freedom in quantum chromodynamics.",1949,55,"University of Michigan, Harvard University",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hugh_David_Politzer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_David_Politzer
Robert H. Grubbs,2005 - Chemestry,"Organic synthesis methodology, Metathesis",,Male,"Kentucky, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Robert Howard Grubbs (born February 27, 1942 Possum Trot, Kentucky ) is an American chemist and Nobel laureate.",1942,63,"University of Florida, Columbia University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Robert_H._Grubbs_portrait-2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_H._Grubbs,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs
Richard R. Schrock,2005 - Chemestry,Salt metathesis reaction,,Male,"Berne, Indiana, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Richard Royce Schrock (born January 4, 1945) is an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his contributions to the olefin metathesis reaction used in organic chemistry. ",1945,60,"Harvard University, University of California - Riverside, University of Cambridge",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/R._Schrock_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_R._Schrock,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock
Yves Chauvin,2005 - Chemestry,,,Male,,,French Chemist,"Yves Chauvin (born October 10, 1930) is a French chemist and Nobel Prize laureate. He is honorary research director at the Institut français du pétrole and a member of the French Academy of Science. Chauvin received his degree from the Lyon School of Chemistry, Physics and Electronics in 1954.",1930,75,,France,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Yves_Chauvin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Chauvin
Thomas Schelling,2005 - Economics,,,Male,"Oakland, California, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Thomas Crombie Schelling (born 14 April 1921) is an American economist and professor of foreign affairs, national security, nuclear strategy, and arms control at the School of Public Policy at University of Maryland, College Park. He is also co-faculty at the New England Complex Systems Institute. He was awarded the 2005 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Robert Aumann ) for ""having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis"".",1921,84,"University of California - Berkeley, Yale University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Thomas_Schelling.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Thomas_Schelling,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Schelling
Robert Aumann,2005 - Economics,,"Game theory, Mathematical economics",Male,Germany,Germany,Mathematician And Economist,"Robert John Aumann ( Hebrew name: ישראל אומן, Yisrael Aumann; born June 8, 1930) is an Israeli -American mathematician and a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He is a professor at the Center for the Study of Rationality in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. He also holds a visiting position at Stony Brook University and is one of the founding members of the Stony Brook Center for Game Theory.",1930,75,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, City University of New York","Israel, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9F_2010.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Aumann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Aumann
Harold Pinter,2005 - Literature,,,Male,"Hackney, London, England, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"English Playwright, Screenwriter, Poet, Actor, Director, Author, Political Activist","Harold Pinter, CH, CBE (10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize -winning English playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party (1957), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), each of which he adapted for the screen. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1970), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and others' works.",1930,75,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Harold-pinter-atp.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Harold_Pinter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Pinter
Barry Marshall,2005 - Medicine / Physiology,Helicobacter pylori,,Male,"Kalgoorlie, Australia",Australia,Professor Of Clinical Microbiology,"Barry James Marshall, AC, FRACP, FRS, FAA, DSc (born 30 September 1951) is an Australian physician, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. Marshall and Robin Warren showed that the bacterium Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is the cause of most peptic ulcers, reversing decades of medical doctrine holding that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. This discovery has allowed for a breakthrough in understanding a causative link between Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach cancer.",1951,54,,Australia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Marshall_2008.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Barry_Marshall,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Marshall
Robin Warren,2005 - Medicine / Physiology,Helicobacter pylori,Pathology,Male,"Adelaide, Australia",Australia,,"John Robin Warren AC (born 11 June 1937 in Adelaide ) is an Australian pathologist, Nobel Laureate and researcher who is credited with the 1979 re-discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, together with Barry Marshall.",1937,68,University of Adelaide,Australia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Robin_Warren.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robin_Warren,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Warren
Mohamed ElBaradei,2005 - Peace,,,Male,"Cairo, Egypt",Egypt,Egyptian Diplomat And The Director General Of The International Atomic Energy Agency,"Mohamed Mustafa ElBaradei ( Arabic: محمد مصطفى البرادعى ‎, Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al-Barādaʿī, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mæˈħæmmæd mosˈtˤɑfɑ (ʔe)lbæˈɾædʕi]; born 17 June 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat who was the last Vice President of Egypt serving on an acting basis from 14 July 2013 until his resignation on 14 August 2013. ",1942,63,"Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, New York University, Cairo University",Egypt,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Mohamed_el-Baradei.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mohamed_ElBaradei,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei
International Atomic Energy Agency,2005 - Peace,,,,,,,"The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957. Though established independently of the United Nations through its own international treaty, the IAEA Statute, the IAEA reports to both the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council.",,,,Austria,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Flag_of_IAEA.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency
Theodor W. Hänsch,2005 - Physics,Laser-based precision spectroscopy,,Male,"Heidelberg, Germany",Germany,,"Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch (born 30 October 1941) is a German physicist. He received one fourth of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics for ""contributions to the development of laser -based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"", sharing the prize with John L. Hall and Roy J. Glauber.",1941,64,Heidelberg University,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Theodor_Haensch.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch
John L. Hall,2005 - Physics,Optical frequency comb,,Male,"Denver, Colorado, United States",United States of America,,"John Lewis ""Jan"" Hall (born August 21, 1934) is an American physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics. He shared one fourth of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics with Theodor W. Hänsch and Roy Glauber for his work in precision spectroscopy.",1934,71,Carnegie Institute of Technology,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/John_L._Hall_in_Lindau.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_L._Hall,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_L._Hall
Roy J. Glauber,2005 - Physics,Inventing Quantum Optics,,Male,,,,"Roy Jay Glauber (born September 1, 1925) is an American theoretical physicist. He is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics at Harvard University and Adjunct Professor of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. Born in New York City, he was awarded one half of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence "", with the other half shared by John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hänsch. In this work, published in 1963, he created a model for photodetection and explained the fundamental characteristics of different types of light, such as laser light (see coherent state ) and light from light bulbs (see blackbody ). His theories are widely used in the field of quantum optics.",1925,80,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Roy_Glauber_Dec_10_2005.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roy_J._Glauber,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_J._Glauber
Roger D. Kornberg,2006 - Chemestry,,,Male,"St. Louis, Missouri, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"Roger David Kornberg (born (1947-04-24) April 24, 1947) is an American biochemist and professor of structural biology at Stanford University School of Medicine.",1947,59,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Roger.Kornberg.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roger_D._Kornberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg
Edmund Phelps,2006 - Economics,,,Male,"Evanston, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Edmund Strother Phelps, Jr. (born July 26, 1933) is an American economist and the winner of the 2006 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Early in his career he became renowned for his research at Yale s Cowles Foundation in the first half of the 1960s on the sources of economic growth. His demonstration of the Golden Rule savings rate, a concept first devised by John von Neumann and Maurice Allais, started a wave of research on how much a nation ought to spend on present consumption rather than save and invest for future generations. His most seminal work inserted a microfoundation —one featuring imperfect information, incomplete knowledge and expectations about wages and prices—to support a macroeconomic theory of employment determination and price-wage dynamics. This led to his development of the natural rate of unemployment —its existence and the mechanism governing its size.",1933,73,"Amherst College, Yale University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Edmund_Phelps_2008-01-23.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edmund_Phelps,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Phelps
Orhan Pamuk,2006 - Literature,,,Male,"Istanbul, Turkey",Turkey,Turkish Novelist,"Ferit Orhan Pamuk (generally known simply as Orhan Pamuk; born 7 June 1952) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. One of Turkey's most prominent novelists, his work has sold over eleven million books in sixty languages, making him the country's best-selling writer. ",1952,54,,Turkey,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Orhan_Pamuk_in_Rustaveli_Theatre%2C_Tbilisi%2C_Georgia%2C_2014.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Orhan_Pamuk,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk
Andrew Fire,2006 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Palo Alto, California, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Andrew Zachary Fire (born April 27, 1959) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Craig C. Mello, for the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi). This research was conducted at the Carnegie Institution of Washington and published in 1998.",1959,47,"University of California - Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//7/7e/Andrew_Fire%2C_Stanford_University.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Andrew_Fire,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fire
Craig Mello,2006 - Medicine / Physiology,RNA interference,,Male,"Connecticut, United States",United States of America,American Biologist,"Craig Cameron Mello (born October 18, 1960) is an American biologist and professor of molecular medicine at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was awarded the 2006 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Andrew Z. Fire, for the discovery of RNA interference. This research was conducted at the University of Massachusetts Medical School and published in 1998. Mello has been a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator since 2000. ",1960,46,"Brown University, Harvard University",United States of America,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Craig_Mello,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Mello
Muhammad Yunus,2006 - Peace,,Microcredit,Male,"Chittagong, India",India,Bangladeshi Economist And Banker,"Muhammad Yunus ( Bengali: মুহাম্মদ ইউনূস; born 28 June 1940) is a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, banker, economist and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance. These loans are given to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. In 2006, Yunus and the Grameen Bank were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize ""for their efforts through microcredit to create economic and social development from below"". The Norwegian Nobel Committee noted that ""lasting peace cannot be achieved unless large population groups find ways in which to break out of poverty"" and that ""across cultures and civilizations, Yunus and Grameen Bank have shown that even the poorest of the poor can work to bring about their own development"". Yunus has received several other national and international honours. He received the United States Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2010. ",1940,66,University of Dhaka,Bangladesh,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Muhammad_Yunus_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Muhammad_Yunus,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus
Grameen Bank,2006 - Peace,,,,,,,"The Grameen Bank ( Bengali: গ্রামীণ বাংক ) is a Nobel Peace Prize-winning microfinance organization and community development bank founded in Bangladesh. It makes small loans (known as microcredit or ""grameencredit"" ) to the impoverished without requiring collateral. The name Grameen is derived from the word gram which means ""rural"" or ""village"" in the Sanskrit language. ",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en6/65/Grameen_bank_logo.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Grameen_Bank,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grameen_Bank
John C. Mather,2006 - Physics,"Cosmic microwave background, Radiation studies",Cosmology,Male,"Virginia, Roanoke, United States",United States of America,American Astrophysicist And Cosmologist,"John Cromwell Mather (born August 7, 1946, Roanoke, Virginia ) is an American astrophysicist, cosmologist and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his work on the Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite (COBE) with George Smoot.",1946,60,"University of California - Berkeley, Swarthmore College",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/John-C-Mather.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_C._Mather,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Mather
George Smoot,2006 - Physics,,,Male,"Jacksonville, Florida, United States",United States of America,American Astrophysicist And Cosmologist,"George Fitzgerald Smoot III (born February 20, 1945) is an American astrophysicist, cosmologist, Nobel laureate, and $1 million TV quiz show prize winner ( Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? ). He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2006 for his work on the Cosmic Background Explorer with John C. Mather that led to the ""discovery of the black body form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation.""",1945,61,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/George_smoot_06N7133a.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_Smoot,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Smoot
Gerhard Ertl,2007 - Chemestry,,Surface science,Male,"Stuttgart, Germany",Germany,German Professor Emeritus At Chemistry,"Gerhard Ertl (born 10 October 1936) is a German physicist and a Professor emeritus at the Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in Berlin, Germany. Ertl’s research laid the foundation of modern surface chemistry, which has helped explain how fuel cells produce energy without pollution, how catalytic converters clean up car exhausts and even why iron rusts, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said.",1936,71,"Technische Universität München, University of Stuttgart",Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Prof_Ertl-Portrait.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Gerhard_Ertl,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl
Roger Myerson,2007 - Economics,,,Male,"Boston, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Roger Bruce Myerson (born March 29, 1951) is an American economist and winner of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, sometimes referred to as the ""Nobel Prize"" for economics, with Leonid Hurwicz and Eric Maskin for ""having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory."" A professor at the University of Chicago, he has made contributions as an economist and as a political scientist.",1951,56,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//f/f6/Myerson_roger_b_print.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roger_Myerson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Myerson
Eric Maskin,2007 - Economics,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Eric Stark Maskin (born December 12, 1950) is an American economist and 2007 Nobel laureate recognized with Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson ""for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"". He is the Adams University Professor at Harvard University. Until 2011, he was the Albert O. Hirschman Professor of Social Science at the Institute for Advanced Study, and a visiting lecturer with the rank of Professor at Princeton University. ",1950,57,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/05N3441_emaskin.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eric_Maskin,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Maskin
Leonid Hurwicz,2007 - Economics,,,Male,Russia,Russia,"American Economist, Mathematician","Leonid ""Leo"" Hurwicz ( Russian: Леони́д Гу́рвич; August 21, 1917 – June 24, 2008) was an economist and mathematician, born in Moscow. He originated incentive compatibility and mechanism design, which show how desired outcomes are achieved in economics, social science and political science. Interactions of individuals and institutions, markets and trade are analyzed and understood today using the models Hurwicz developed. To date, Leonid Hurwicz is the oldest Nobel Laureate, having received the prize at the age of 90.",1917,90,"London School of Economics, University of Warsaw, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies","Poland, Russia, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Leonid_Hurwicz.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Leonid_Hurwicz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz
Doris Lessing,2007 - Literature,,,Female,"Kermanshah, Iran",Iran,British Writer,"Doris May Lessing CH (née Tayler; 22 October 1919 – 17 November 2013) was a British novelist, poet, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer. Her novels include The Grass is Singing (1950), the sequence of five novels collectively called Children of Violence (1952–69), The Golden Notebook (1962), The Good Terrorist (1985), and five novels collectively known as Canopus in Argos: Archives (1979–1983).",1919,88,,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Doris_lessing_20060312_%28jha%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Doris_Lessing,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Lessing
Oliver Smithies,2007 - Medicine / Physiology,Gel electrophoresis,,Male,"Halifax, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,"Biochemistry, Genetics","Oliver Smithies (born June 23, 1925) is a British-born American geneticist and Nobel laureate, credited with the introduction of starch as a medium for gel electrophoresis in 1955, and the simultaneous discovery, with Mario Capecchi and Martin Evans, of the technique of homologous recombination of transgenic DNA with genomic DNA, a much more reliable method of altering animal genomes than previously used, and the technique behind gene targeting and knockout mice.",1925,82,University of Oxford,"United Kingdom, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Oliver-smithies.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Oliver_Smithies,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Smithies
Martin Evans,2007 - Medicine / Physiology,"Embryonic stem cells, Knockout mouse, Gene targeting",Developmental biology,Male,"Gloucestershire, Stroud, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,Developmental Biology,"Sir Martin John Evans FRS (b. 1 January 1941, Stroud, Gloucestershire ) is a Welsh scientist who, with Matthew Kaufman, was the first to culture mice embryonic stem cells and cultivate them in a laboratory in 1981. He is also known, along with Mario Capecchi and Oliver Smithies, for his work in the development of the knockout mouse and the related technology of gene targeting, a method of using embryonic stem cells to create specific gene modifications in mice. In 2007, the three shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition of their discovery and contribution to the efforts to develop new treatments for illnesses in humans. ",1941,66,"University of Cambridge, University College London",United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Martin_Evans_Nobel_Prize.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Martin_Evans,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Evans
Mario Capecchi,2007 - Medicine / Physiology,"Knockout mouse, Hox genes",,Male,"Verona, Italy",Italy,Genetics Scientist,"Mario Ramberg Capecchi ( Verona, Italy, 6 October 1937) is an Italian -born American molecular geneticist and a co-winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering a method to create mice in which a specific gene is turned off, known as knockout mice. He shared the prize with Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies. He is currently Distinguished Professor of Human Genetics and Biology at the University of Utah School of Medicine. ",1937,70,"Antioch College, George School, Harvard University",Italy,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/MarioCapecchiFotoThalerTamas.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mario_Capecchi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Capecchi
Al Gore,2007 - Peace,,,Male,"Washington D.C., United States",United States of America,,"Albert Arnold ""Al"" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician, advocate and philanthropist, who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and lost the 2000 U.S. presidential election despite winning the popular vote. Gore is currently an author and environmental activist. He has founded a number of non-profit organizations, including the Alliance for Climate Protection, and has received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in climate change activism. ",1948,59,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Al_Gore%2C_Vice_President_of_the_United_States%2C_official_portrait_1994.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Al_Gore,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,2007 - Peace,,,,,,,"The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) is a scientific intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments. It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution 43/53. Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and UNEP. The IPCC is chaired by Rajendra K. Pachauri.",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en2/28/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change_Logo.jpeg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change
Albert Fert,2007 - Physics,Giant magnetoresistance,,Male,"Carcassonne, France",France,French Physicist,"Albert Fert (born 7 March 1938) is a French physicist and one of the discoverers of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disks. Currently, he is an emeritus professor at Université Paris-Sud in Orsay and scientific director of a joint laboratory ('Unité mixte de recherche') between the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (National Scientific Research Centre) and Thales Group. Also, he is an Adjunct professor of physics at Michigan State University. He was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics together with Peter Grünberg.",1938,69,École Normale Supérieure,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Albert_fert_15_janvier_2009_Spintronique_Paris_Descartes.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Albert_Fert,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Fert
Peter Grünberg,2007 - Physics,,,Male,"Plzeň, Germany",Germany,German Physicist,"Peter Andreas Grünberg (born 18 May 1939) is a German physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his discovery with Albert Fert of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disk drives. ",1939,68,Technische Universität Darmstadt,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Peter_Gruenberg_01.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg
Roger Y. Tsien,2008 - Chemestry,Calcium imaging,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Roger Yonchien Tsien (born February 1, 1952) is a Chinese American biochemist. He is a professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego. He was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry ""for his discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein ( GFP ) with two other chemists: Martin Chalfie of Columbia University and Osamu Shimomura of Boston University and Marine Biological Laboratory. ",1952,56,"Harvard University, University of Cambridge",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Roger_Tsien-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Roger_Y._Tsien,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien
Martin Chalfie,2008 - Chemestry,Green fluorescent protein,,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Scientist,"Martin Lee Chalfie (born January 15, 1947) is an American scientist. He is University Professor at Columbia University. He shared the 2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Osamu Shimomura and Roger Y. Tsien ""for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"". He holds a Ph.D. in neurobiology from Harvard University.",1947,61,Harvard University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Martin_Chalfie-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-4.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Martin_Chalfie,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chalfie
Osamu Shimomura,2008 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Kyoto, Japan",Japan,Japanese Chemist,"Osamu Shimomura (下村 脩,Shimomura Osamu?, born August 27, 1928) is a Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist, and Professor Emeritus at Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts and Boston University School of Medicine. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2008 for the discovery and development of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with two American scientists: Martin Chalfie of Columbia University and Roger Tsien of the University of California-San Diego. ",1928,80,"Nagasaki University, Nagoya University","Japan, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Osamu_Shimomura-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Osamu_Shimomura,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura
Paul Krugman,2008 - Economics,,"Macroeconomics, International economics",Male,"Albany, New York, United States",United States of America,"American Economist, Columnist, Author","Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist, Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics, Distinguished Scholar at the Luxembourg Income Study Center at the CUNY Graduate Center, and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times. In 2008, Krugman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography. According to the prize Committee, the prize was given for Krugman's work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic concentration of wealth, by examining the effects of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services. ",1953,55,"Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Paul_Krugman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Krugman
J. M. G. Le Clézio,2008 - Literature,,,Male,"Nice, France",France,French Writer,"Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio ( French: [ʒɑ̃ maʁi ɡystav lə klezjo]; born 13 April 1940), usually identified as J. M. G. Le Clézio, is a French - Mauritian writer and professor. The author of over forty works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel Le Procès-Verbal, as well as the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature for his life's work, as an ""author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"". ",1940,68,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Jean-Marie_Gustave_Le_Cl%C3%A9zio-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._M._G._Le_Cl%C3%A9zio
Luc Montagnier,2008 - Medicine / Physiology,Discovering HIV,,Male,"Chabris, France",France,Joint Recipient,"Luc Antoine Montagnier (born 18 August 1932) is a French virologist and joint recipient with Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Harald zur Hausen of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ). A long-time researcher at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, he currently works as a full-time professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China. ",1932,76,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Luc_Montagnier-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-5_crop.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Luc_Montagnier,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc_Montagnier
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi,2008 - Medicine / Physiology,Discovering HIV,,Female,"Paris, France",France,,"Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (born 30 July 1947) is a French virologist and director of the Regulation of Retroviral Infections Division (Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales) at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France. Born in Paris, France, Barré-Sinoussi performed some of the fundamental work in the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the cause of AIDS. In 2008, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with her former mentor, Luc Montagnier, for their discovery of HIV. ",1947,61,,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi-press_conference_Dec_06th%2C_2008-1.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi
Harald zur Hausen,2008 - Medicine / Physiology,HPV and cervical cancer,,Male,"Gelsenkirchen, Germany",Germany,,"Harald zur Hausen (born 11 March 1936) is a German virologist and professor emeritus. He has done research on cancer of the cervix, where he discovered the role of papilloma viruses, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008",1936,72,,Germany,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Harald_zur_Hausen_03.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Harald_zur_Hausen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen
Martti Ahtisaari,2008 - Peace,,,Male,"Viipuri, Finland",Finland,Former President Of Finland  And A Un Diplomat And Mediator,"Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari ( Finnish: [ˈmɑrtːi ˈoiʋɑ ˈkɑleʋi ˈɑħtiˌsɑːri]; born 23 June 1937) is a Finnish politician, the tenth President of Finland (1994–2000), Nobel Peace Prize laureate and United Nations diplomat and mediator, noted for his international peace work.",1937,71,University of Oulu,Finland,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Martti_Ahtisaari%2C_tidigare_president_Finland_och_mottagare_av_Nobels_fredrspris_%282%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Martti_Ahtisaari,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari
Yoichiro Nambu,2008 - Physics,Spontaneous symmetry breaking,,Male,"Tokyo, Japan",Japan,American Physicist,"Yoichiro Nambu (南部 陽一郎,Nambu Yōichirō?, born January 18, 1921) is a Japanese-born American physicist, currently a professor at the University of Chicago. Known for his contributions to the field of theoretical physics, he was awarded a one-half share of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008 for the discovery in 1960 of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics, related at first to the strong interaction s chiral symmetry and later to the electroweak interaction and Higgs mechanism. The other half share was split equally between Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa ""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."" ",1921,87,University of Tokyo,"Japan, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/YoichiroNambu.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Yoichiro_Nambu,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu
Makoto Kobayashi,2008 - Physics,"Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix, Work on CP violation",Particle physics,Male,"Nagoya, Japan",Japan,Japanese Physicist,"Makoto Kobayashi (小林 誠,Kobayashi Makoto?) (born April 7, 1944 in Nagoya, Japan ) is a Japanese physicist known for his work on CP-violation who was awarded one third of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."" ",1944,64,Nagoya University,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Makoto_Kobayashi-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2b.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(physicist)
Toshihide Maskawa,2008 - Physics,Work on CP violation,,Male,"Nagoya, Japan",Japan,Japanese Physicist,"Toshihide Maskawa (or Masukawa ) (益川 敏英,Masukawa Toshihide?, born February 7, 1940 in Nagoya, Japan) is a Japanese theoretical physicist known for his work on CP-violation who was awarded one quarter of the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics ""for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature."" ",1940,68,Nagoya University,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Toshihide_Masukawa-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Toshihide_Maskawa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa
Thomas A. Steitz,2009 - Chemestry,Bio-crystallography,,Male,"Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States",United States of America,American Biochemist,"Thomas Arthur Steitz (born August 23, 1940) is the Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven.",1940,69,"Harvard University, Lawrence University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-10.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Thomas_A._Steitz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan,2009 - Chemestry,Structure and function of the ribosome; macromolecular crystallography,"Biochemistry, Biophysics",Male,"Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India",India,Indian Scientist,"Venkatraman ""Venki"" Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is an Indian-born American and British structural biologist, who shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath, ""for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome "". He currently works at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. ",1952,57,"University of California - San Diego, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Ohio University","India, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-08.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan
Ada Yonath,2009 - Chemestry,Cryo bio-crystallography,Crystallography,Female,"Jerusalem, Israel",Israel,Israeli Crystallographer,"Ada E. Yonath ( Hebrew: עדה יונת ‎, pronounced [ˈada joˈnat] ) (born 22 June 1939 ) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome. She is the current director of the Helen and Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly of the Weizmann Institute of Science. In 2009, she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas A. Steitz for her studies on the structure and function of the ribosome, becoming the first Israeli woman to win the Nobel Prize out of ten Israeli Nobel laureates, the first woman from the Middle East to win a Nobel prize in the sciences, and the first woman in 45 years to win the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. However, she said herself that there was nothing special about a woman winning the Prize. ",1939,70,"Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Weizmann Institute of Science",Israel,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Ada_E._Yonath.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ada_Yonath,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Yonath
Oliver E. Williamson,2009 - Economics,,,Male,"Superior, Wisconsin, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Oliver Eaton Williamson (born September 27, 1932) is an American economist, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.",1932,77,"Carnegie Mellon University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-42.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Oliver_E._Williamson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_E._Williamson
Elinor Ostrom,2009 - Economics,,,Female,"Los Angeles, United States",United States of America,American Political Economist And Academic,"Elinor "" Lin "" Ostrom (born Elinor Claire Awan; August 7, 1933 – June 12, 2012) was an American political economist whose work was associated with the New Institutional Economics and the resurgence of political economy. In 2009, she shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Oliver E. Williamson for ""her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons "". To date, she remains the only woman to win The Prize in Economics.",1933,76,University of California - Los Angeles,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-30.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Elinor_Ostrom,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom
Herta Müller,2009 - Literature,,,Female,"Nițchidorf, Romania",Romania,Novelist,"Herta Müller (born 17 August 1953) is a German-Romanian novelist, poet, essayist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Nițchidorf, Timiș County in Romania, her native language is German. Since the early 1990s she has been internationally established, and her works have been translated into more than twenty languages. ",1953,56,,"Germany, Romania",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/M%C3%BCller%2C_Herta.IMG_9379_cropped.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Herta_M%C3%BCller,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herta_M%C3%BCller
Jack W. Szostak,2009 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"London, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,American Biologist,"Jack William Szostak (born November 9, 1952) biologist of Polish British descent and Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and Alexander Rich Distinguished Investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. He was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Elizabeth Blackburn and Carol W. Greider, for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres.",1952,57,"McGill University, Cornell University","Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Jack-szostak.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jack_W._Szostak,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_W._Szostak
Carol W. Greider,2009 - Medicine / Physiology,Telomerase,Molecular biology,Female,"San Diego, United States",United States of America,American Molecular Biologist,"Carolyn Widney ""Carol"" Greider (born April 15, 1961) is an American molecular biologist. She is Daniel Nathans Professor and Director of Molecular Biology and Genetics at Johns Hopkins University. She discovered the enzyme telomerase in 1984, when she was a graduate student of Elizabeth Blackburn at the University of California, Berkeley. Greider pioneered research on the structure of telomeres, the ends of the chromosomes. She was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak, for their discovery that telomeres are protected from progressive shortening by the enzyme telomerase. ",1961,48,University of California - Berkeley,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Carol_Greider_2009-01.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Carol_W._Greider,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_W._Greider
Elizabeth Blackburn,2009 - Medicine / Physiology,,Molecular biology,Female,"Hobart, Tasmania, Australia",Australia,Australian-born American Biological Researcher,"Professor Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, AC, FRS, FAA, FRSN (born 26 November 1948) is an Australian - American biological researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who studies the telomere, a structure at the end of chromosomes that protects the chromosome. Blackburn co-discovered telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes the telomere. For this work, she was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, sharing it with Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak.",1948,61,"University of Cambridge, University of Melbourne",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Elizabeth_Blackburn_CHF_Heritage_Day_2012_Rush_001.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Elizabeth_Blackburn,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn
Barack Obama,2009 - Peace,,,Male,"Honolulu, Hawaii, United States",United States of America,"American Politician, 44th President Of The United States","Barack Hussein Obama II ( USi/bəˈrɑːkhuːˈseɪnɵˈbɑːmə/, UK/ˈbærəkhuːˈseɪnɵˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States, and the first African American to hold the office. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he served as president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004, running unsuccessfully for the United States House of Representatives in 2000.",1961,48,"Columbia University, Occidental College, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/President_Barack_Obama.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Barack_Obama,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama
George E. Smith,2009 - Physics,Charge-coupled device,,Male,"White Plains, New York, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"George Elwood Smith (born May 10, 1930) is an American scientist, applied physicist, and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device. He was awarded a one-quarter share in the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for ""the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor"". ",1930,79,"University of Chicago, University of Pennsylvania",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-27.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/George_E._Smith,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_E._Smith
Charles K. Kao,2009 - Physics,"Optical fiber, Fiber-optic communication",,Male,"Shanghai, China",China,Hong Hong-british-american Physicist,"The Honourable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM,KBE,FRS, (born 4 November 1933) is a Chinese-born Hong Kong, American and British electrical engineer and physicist who pioneered in the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications. Kao, known as the "" Godfather of Broadband "", "" Father of Fiber Optics "" or "" Father of Fiber Optic Communications "", was jointly awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "" groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication "". Kao holds multiple citizenship of Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the United States. ",1933,76,"University College London, University of London, University of Greenwich","China, Hong Kong, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Charles_K._Kao_cropped_2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Charles_K._Kao,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_K._Kao
Willard S. Boyle,2009 - Physics,,,Male,"Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada",Canada,,"Willard Sterling Boyle, CC (August 19, 1924 – May 7, 2011) was a Canadian physicist, and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device. On October 6, 2009, it was announced that he would share the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for ""the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor"". ",1924,85,McGill University,"Canada, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Nobel_Prize_2009-Press_Conference_KVA-23.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Willard_Boyle,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Boyle
Ei-ichi Negishi,2010 - Chemestry,Negishi coupling,,Male,"Hsinking, Manchukuo, Japan",Japan,Japanese Chemist,"Ei-ichi Negishi (根岸 英一,Negishi Eiichi?, born July 14, 1935) is a Japanese chemist who has spent most of his career at Purdue University in the United States. He is best known for his discovery of the Negishi coupling. He was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry ""for palladium catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis "" jointly with Richard F. Heck and Akira Suzuki. ",1935,75,"University of Pennsylvania, University of Tokyo","Japan, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Ei-ichi_Negishi_3.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ei-ichi_Negishi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi
Akira Suzuki,2010 - Chemestry,Suzuki reaction,,Male,"Mukawa, Hokkaido, Japan",Japan,Japanese Chemist,"Akira Suzuki (鈴木 章,Suzuki Akira?, born September 12, 1930) is a Japanese chemist and Nobel Prize Laureate (2010), who first published the Suzuki reaction, the organic reaction of an aryl - or vinyl - boronic acid with an aryl- or vinyl- halide catalyzed by a palladium(0) complex, in 1979. ",1930,80,"Purdue University, Hokkaido University",Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Akira_Suzuki_3.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Akira_Suzuki_(chemist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira_Suzuki_(chemist)
Richard F. Heck,2010 - Chemestry,Heck reaction,,Male,"Springfield, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,,"Richard Fred Heck (born August 15, 1931) is an American chemist noted for the discovery and development of the Heck reaction, which uses palladium to catalyze organic chemical reactions that couple aryl halides with alkenes.",1931,79,University of California - Los Angeles,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Richard_Fred_Heck_cropped.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Richard_F._Heck,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_F._Heck
Dale T. Mortensen,2010 - Economics,,Labour economics,Male,"Enterprise, Oregon, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Dale Thomas Mortensen (February 2, 1939 – January 9, 2014) was an American economist. He received his B.A. in economics from Willamette University and his PhD in Economics from Carnegie Mellon University. Born in Enterprise, Oregon, he was a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. He had been on the faculty of Northwestern University since 1965 and a professor of Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences at the Kellogg School of Management since 1980. He was the Niels Bohr Visiting Professor at the School of Economics and Management, Aarhus University, from 2006 to 2010. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics jointly with Christopher A. Pissarides from the London School of Economics and Peter A. Diamond from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2010 ""for their analysis of markets with search frictions"". In May 2011, Mortensen was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree from his alma mater, Willamette University. He was married to Beverly Mortensen, also a Northwestern Professor.",1939,71,"Carnegie Mellon University, Willamette University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Dale_Mortensen_2.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dale_T._Mortensen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale_T._Mortensen
Christopher A. Pissarides,2010 - Economics,,,Male,"Nicosia, Cyprus",Cyprus,Cypriot Economist,"Sir Christopher Antoniou Pissarides FBA ( Greek: Χριστόφορος Αντωνίου Πισσαρίδης; born 20 February 1948 ) is a Cypriot /British economist. He is the School Professor of Economics & Political Science and Regius Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics. His research interests focus on several topics of macroeconomics, notably labour, economic growth, and economic policy. In 2010, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in economics, jointly with Peter A. Diamond and Dale Mortensen, for his contributions to the theory of search frictions and macroeconomics. ",1948,62,"London School of Economics, University of Essex",Cyprus,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Christopher_Pissarides_Wiki_MR2013.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Christopher_A._Pissarides,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_A._Pissarides
Peter A. Diamond,2010 - Economics,,Political economy,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,,"Peter Arthur Diamond (born 4/29/2014, 1940) is an American economist known for his analysis of U.S. Social Security policy and his work as an advisor to the Advisory Council on Social Security in the late 1980s and 1990s. He was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2010, along with Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides. He is an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. On June 6, 2011 he withdrew his nomination to serve on the Federal Reserve ’s board of governors, citing intractable Republican opposition for 14 months. ",1940,70,"Yale University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Peter_Diamond_%28economist%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_Diamond,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Diamond
Mario Vargas Llosa,2010 - Literature,,,Male,"Arequipa, Peru",Peru,"Peruvian Writer, Politician, Journalist, And Essayist","Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquis of Vargas Llosa ( Spanish: [ˈmaɾjo ˈβaɾɣas ˈʎosa]; born March 28, 1936) is a Peruvian writer, politician, journalist, essayist, college professor, and recipient of the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature. Vargas Llosa is one of Latin America's most significant novelists and essayists, and one of the leading writers of his generation. Some critics consider him to have had a larger international impact and worldwide audience than any other writer of the Latin American Boom. Upon announcing the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature, the Swedish Academy said it had been given to Vargas Llosa ""for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"". ",1936,74,"Complutense University of Madrid, National University of San Marcos","Peru, Spain",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/Vargas_Losa_G%C3%B6teborg_Book_Fair_2011b.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mario_Vargas_Llosa,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Vargas_Llosa
Robert G. Edwards,2010 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Batley, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards, CBE, FRS (27 September 1925 – 10 April 2013) was an English physiologist and pioneer in reproductive medicine, and in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in particular. Along with the surgeon Patrick Steptoe, Edwards successfully pioneered conception through IVF, which led to the birth of Louise Brown on 7/23/00-1 1978 They founded the first IVF program for infertile patients and trained other scientists in their techniques. Edwards was the founding editor-in-chief of Human Reproduction in 1986. In 2010, Edwards was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ""for the development of in vitro fertilization"". ",1925,85,"Bangor University, University of Edinburgh",United Kingdom,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_G._Edwards,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Edwards
Liu Xiaobo,2010 - Peace,,,Male,"Changchun, Jilin, China",China,Chinese Intellectual And Human Rights Activist,"Liu Xiaobo ( Chinese: 刘晓波 ) (born 28 December 1955) is a Chinese literary critic, writer, professor, and human rights activist who called for political reforms and the end of communist single-party rule. He is currently incarcerated as a political prisoner in Jinzhou, Liaoning. ",1955,55,"Beijing Normal University, Jilin University",China,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Liu_Xiaobo.png,http://dbpedia.org/page/Liu_Xiaobo,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo
Konstantin Novoselov,2010 - Physics,Study of graphene,,Male,"Nizhny Tagil, Russia",Russia,British Physicist,"Sir Konstantin Sergeevich ""Kostya"" Novoselov, FRS, HonFRSC, HonFInstP ( Russian: Константи́н Серге́евич Новосёлов; born 8/23/2014 1974) is a Russo - British physicist, known for his works on graphene together with Andre Geim, which earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2010. , (he was previously a Royal Society University Reseach Fellow). , from the European Research Council. , , , ",1974,36,"Radboud University Nijmegen, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology","Russia, United Kingdom",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Konstantin_Novoselov_portrait.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Konstantin_Novoselov,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov
Andre Geim,2010 - Physics,"Gecko tape, Graphene, Levitating a frog",Condensed matter physics,Male,"Sochi, Russia",Russia,Russian Physicist,"Sir Andre Konstantin Geim, FRS (born 21 October 1958) is a Soviet -born Dutch - British physicist working at the University of Manchester. Geim was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Konstantin Novoselov for his work on graphene. He is Regius Professor of Physics and Royal Society Research Professor at the Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology. ",1958,52,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology,"Netherlands, Russia",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Andre_Geim_2010-1.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Andre_Geim,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Geim
Dan Shechtman,2011 - Chemestry,Quasicrystal,Materials science,Male,"Tel Aviv, Israel",Israel,Israeli Scientist,"Dan Shechtman ( Hebrew: דן שכטמן; born January 24, 1941 in Tel Aviv ) is the Philip Tobias Professor of Materials Science at the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, an Associate of the US Department of Energy s Ames Laboratory, and Professor of Materials Science at Iowa State University. On April 8, 1982, while on sabbatical at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., Shechtman discovered the icosahedral phase, which opened the new field of quasiperiodic crystals. Shechtman was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for ""the discovery of quasicrystals,"" making him one of six Israelis who have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ",1941,70,Israel Institute of Technology,Israel,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7721.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Dan_Shechtman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Shechtman
Thomas J. Sargent,2011 - Economics,,,Male,"Pasadena, California, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Thomas John ""Tom"" Sargent (born July 19, 1943) is an American economist, specializing in the fields of macroeconomics, monetary economics and time series econometrics. As of 2014, he ranks fourteenth among the most cited economists in the world. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2011 together with Christopher A. Sims ""for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"". ",1943,68,"University of California - Berkeley, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7770.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Thomas_J._Sargent,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_J._Sargent
Christopher A. Sims,2011 - Economics,,Time series,Male,"Washington D.C., United States",United States of America,"American Time-series Statistician And Econometrician, Bayesian Statistician, President Of The Econometric Society","Christopher Albert ""Chris"" Sims (born October 21, 1942) is an American econometrician and macroeconomist. He is currently the John F. Sherrerd ’52 University Professor of Economics at Princeton University. Together with Thomas Sargent, he won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2011. The award cited their ""empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"". ",1942,69,"University of California - Berkeley, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7720.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Christopher_A._Sims,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_A._Sims
Tomas Tranströmer,2011 - Literature,,,Male,"Stockholm, Sweden",Sweden,Poet,"Tomas Gösta Tranströmer ( Swedish: [ˈtʊːmas ˈjœsˈta ˈtrɑːnˈstrœmər]; born 15 April 1931) is a Swedish poet, psychologist and translator. His poems capture the long Swedish winters, the rhythm of the seasons and the palpable, atmospheric beauty of nature. Tranströmer's work is also characterized by a sense of mystery and wonder underlying the routine of everyday life, a quality which often gives his poems a religious dimension. Indeed, he has been described as a Christian poet. ",1931,80,,Sweden,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Transtroemer.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Transtr%C3%B6mer
Bruce Beutler,2011 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Chicago, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Immunologist,"Bruce Alan Beutler (born December 29, 1957) is an American immunologist and geneticist. Together with Jules A. Hoffmann, he received one-half of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for ""their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"" (the other half went to Ralph M. Steinman for ""his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity ""). ",1957,54,"University of California - San Diego, University of Chicago",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7512.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Bruce_Beutler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Beutler
Ralph M. Steinman,2011 - Medicine / Physiology,"Dendritic cells, Adaptive immunity",,Male,"Montreal, Quebec, Canada",Canada,American Immunologist And Cell Biologist,"Ralph Marvin Steinman (January 14, 1943 – September 30, 2011) was a Canadian immunologist and cell biologist at Rockefeller University, who in 1973 coined the term dendritic cells while working as a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Zanvil A. Cohn, also at Rockefeller University. Steinman was one of the recipients of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.",1943,68,"Harvard University, McGill University","Canada, United States of America",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ralph_M._Steinman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman
Jules A. Hoffmann,2011 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Echternach, Luxembourg",Luxembourg,French Biologist,"Jules A. Hoffmann (born 2 August 1941) is a Luxembourg-born French biologist. During his youth, growing up in Luxembourg, he developed a strong interest in insects under the influence of his father, Jos Hoffmann. This eventually resulted in the younger Hoffmann's dedication to the field of biology using insects as model organisms. He currently holds a faculty position at the University of Strasbourg. He is a research director and member of the board of administrators of the National Center of Scientific Research ( CNRS ) in Strasbourg, France. He was elected to the positions of Vice-President (2005-2006) and President (2007-2008) of the French Academy of Sciences. Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler were jointly awarded a half share of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for ""their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity,"". ",1941,70,University of Strasbourg,"France, Luxembourg",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KI-DSC_7584.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jules_A._Hoffmann,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_A._Hoffmann
Leymah Gbowee,2011 - Peace,"Women of Liberia Mass Action for Peace, Pray the Devil Back to Hell",,Female,Liberia,Liberia,Liberian Activist,"Leymah Roberta Gbowee (born 1 February 1972) is a Liberian peace activist responsible for leading a women's peace movement that helped bring an end to the Second Liberian Civil War in 2003. Her efforts to end the war, along with her collaborator Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, helped usher in a period of peace and enabled a free election in 2005 that Sirleaf won. This made Liberia the first African nation to have a female president. She, along with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Tawakkul Karman, were awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize ""for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work."" ",1972,39,,Liberia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Leymah-gbowee-at-emu-press-conference.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Leymah_Gbowee,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf,2011 - Peace,,,Female,"Monrovia, Liberia",Liberia,President Of Liberia,"Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born 29 October 1938) is the 24th and current President of Liberia. She served as Minister of Finance under President William Tolbert from 1979 until the 1980 coup d'état, after which she left Liberia and held senior positions at various financial institutions. She placed second in the 1997 presidential election won by Charles Taylor. She won the 2005 presidential election and took office on 16 January 2006, and she was a successful candidate for re-election in 2011. Sirleaf is the first elected female head of state in Africa.",1938,73,"Harvard University, University of Wisconsin",Liberia,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Liberian_President_%288145418996%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf
Tawakel Karman,2011 - Peace,,,Female,"Ta'izz Governorate, Ta'izz, Yemen",Yemen,,"Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Karman ( Arabic: توكل عبد السلام خالد كرمان ‎ Tawakkul ‘Abd us-Salām Karmān; also Romanized Tawakul, ) (born 7 February 1979 ) is a Yemeni journalist, politician and senior member of the of Al-Islah political party (the Islamist and Yemeni offshoot of the Muslim Brotherhood ), and human rights activist. She leads the group ""Women Journalists Without Chains,"" which she co-founded in 2005. She became the international public face of the 2011 Yemeni uprising that is part of the Arab Spring uprisings. She has been called the ""Iron Woman"" and ""Mother of the Revolution"" by Yemenis. She is a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Yemeni, the first Arab woman, and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize and the youngest Nobel Peace Laureate to date. ",1979,32,,Yemen,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Tawakkul_Karman_%28Munich_Security_Conference_2012%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Tawakel_Karman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakel_Karman
Saul Perlmutter,2011 - Physics,"Accelerating universe, Dark energy",,Male,"Champaign, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Astrophysicist,"Saul Perlmutter (born September 22, 1959) is an American astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Perlmutter shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Brian P. Schmidt and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.",1959,52,"University of California - Berkeley, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7744.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Saul_Perlmutter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter
Brian Schmidt,2011 - Physics,,,Male,"Missoula, Montana, United States",United States of America,American-australian Astrophysicist,"Brian Paul Schmidt AC, FRS (born February 24, 1967) is a Distinguished Professor, Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow and astrophysicist at The Australian National University Mount Stromlo Observatory and Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics and is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes. He currently holds an Australia Research Council Federation Fellowship and was elected to the Royal Society in 2012. Schmidt shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.",1967,44,"University of Arizona, Harvard University","Australia, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Brian_Schmidt.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Brian_Schmidt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Schmidt
Adam G. Riess,2011 - Physics,,,Male,"Washington D.C., United States",United States of America,,"Adam Guy Riess (born December 16, 1969) is an American astrophysicist at The Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute and is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes. Riess shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Brian P. Schmidt for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.",1969,42,"University of California - Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Nobel_Prize_2011-Press_Conference_KVA-DSC_7764.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Adam_Riess,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Riess
Brian K. Kobilka,2012 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Little Falls, Minnesota, United States",United States of America,Medical Scientist,"Brian Kent Kobilka (born May 30, 1955) is an American physiologist and a recipient of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Robert Lefkowitz for his work on G protein-coupled receptors. He is currently a professor in the departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He is also the co-founder of ConfometRx, a biotechnology company focusing on G protein-coupled receptors. He was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2011.",1955,57,"Yale University, University of Minnesota",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Brian_Kobilka_%28649437151%29.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Brian_Kobilka,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Kobilka
Robert J. Lefkowitz,2012 - Chemestry,,,Male,"The Bronx, New York City, United States",United States of America,,"Robert Joseph Lefkowitz (born April 15, 1943) is an American physician and biochemist. He is best known for his work with G protein-coupled receptors, for which, with Brian Kobilka, he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He is currently an Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute as well as a James B. Duke Professor of Medicine and Professor of Biochemistry and Chemistry at Duke University.",1943,69,Columbia University,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Robert_Lefkowitz_2_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Lefkowitz,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz
Alvin E. Roth,2012 - Economics,,,Male,"New York City, New York, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Alvin Elliot Roth (born December 18, 1951) is the Craig and Susan McCaw professor of economics at Stanford University and the Gund professor of economics and business administration emeritus at Harvard University. ",1951,61,"Columbia University, Stanford University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Alvin_E._Roth_3_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alvin_E._Roth,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_E._Roth
Lloyd S. Shapley,2012 - Economics,,,Male,"Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,,"Lloyd Stowell Shapley (born June 2, 1923) is a distinguished American mathematician and Nobel Prize –winning economist. He is a Professor Emeritus at University of California, Los Angeles ( UCLA ), affiliated with departments of Mathematics and Economics. He has contributed to the fields of mathematical economics and especially game theory. Since the work of von Neumann and Morgenstern in 1940s, Shapley has been regarded by many experts as the very personification of game theory. With Alvin E. Roth, Shapley won the 2012 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences ""for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design."" ",1923,89,"Princeton University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Shapley%2C_Lloyd_%281923%29.jpeg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Lloyd_Shapley,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Shapley
Mo Yan,2012 - Literature,,,Male,"Gaomi, Shandong, China",China,Chinese Writer,"Guan Moye ( simplified Chinese: 管谟业; traditional Chinese: 管謨業; pinyin: Guǎn Móyè; born 17 February 1955), better known by the pen name Mo Yan ( /moʊjɛn/, Chinese: 莫言; pinyin: Mò Yán ), is a Chinese novelist and short story writer. Donald Morrison of U.S. news magazine TIME referred to him as ""one of the most famous, oft-banned and widely pirated of all Chinese writers "", and Jim Leach called him the Chinese answer to Franz Kafka or Joseph Heller. ",1955,57,,China,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/MoYan_Hamburg_2008.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Mo_Yan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo_Yan
Shinya Yamanaka,2012 - Medicine / Physiology,Induced pluripotent stem cell,,Male,"Higashiōsaka, Osaka, Japan",Japan,Japanese Medical Researcher,"Shinya Yamanaka (山中 伸弥,Yamanaka Shin'ya?, born September 4, 1962) is a Japanese Nobel Prize -winning stem cell researcher. He serves as the director of Center for iPS Cell Research and Application and a professor at the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences at Kyoto University; as a senior investigator at the UCSF-affiliated J. David Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco, California; and as a professor of anatomy at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Yamanaka is also a past president of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR).",1962,50,"Osaka City University, Kobe University",Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Shinya_yamanaka10.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Shinya_Yamanaka,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka
John B. Gurdon,2012 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Hampshire, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Sir John Bertrand Gurdon, FRS, FMedSci (born 2 October 1933), is an English developmental biologist. He is best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation and cloning. He was awarded the Lasker Award in 2009. In 2012, he and Shinya Yamanaka were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that mature cells can be converted to stem cells. ",1933,79,University of Oxford,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/John_Gurdon_Cambridge_2012.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_Gurdon,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gurdon
European Union,2012 - Peace,,,,,,,"The European Union ( EU ) is a politico - economic union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens.",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg,http://dbpedia.org/page/European_Union,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union
David J. Wineland,2012 - Physics,,,Male,"Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States",United States of America,American Physicist,"David Jeffrey Wineland (born February 24, 1944) is an American Nobel-laureate physicist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) physics laboratory. His work has included advances in optics, specifically laser cooling of ions in Paul traps and use of trapped ions to implement quantum computing operations. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Serge Haroche, for ""ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems."" ",1944,68,"University of California - Berkeley, University of Washington, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/David_Wineland_2008.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/David_J._Wineland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_J._Wineland
Serge Haroche,2012 - Physics,,,Male,"Casablanca, Morocco",Morocco,French Physicist,"Serge Haroche (born 11 September 1944) is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for ""ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"", a study of the particle of light, the photon. Since 2001, Haroche is a Professor at the Collège de France and holds the Chair of Quantum Physics. In 1971 he defended his doctoral thesis in physics at the University of Paris VI, his research has been conducted under the direction of Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. ",1944,68,École Normale Supérieure,France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Serge_Haroche_1_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Serge_Haroche,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Haroche
Martin Karplus,2013 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Vienna, Austria",Austria,American Chemist,"Martin Karplus (born March 15, 1930) is an Austrian -born American theoretical chemist. He is the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, emeritus at Harvard University. He is also Director of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, a joint laboratory between the French National Center for Scientific Research and the University of Strasbourg, France.",1930,83,California Institute of Technology,"Austria, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Nobel_Prize_22_2013.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Martin_Karplus,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Karplus
Michael Levitt,2013 - Chemestry,,Bioinformatics,Male,"Pretoria, South Africa",South Africa,Biophysicist,"Michael Levitt, FRS (born 9 May 1947) is an American - British - Israeli biophysicist and a professor of structural biology at Stanford University, a position he has held since 1987. and he is a member of the National Academy of Sciences.",1947,66,University of Cambridge,"Israel, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Nobel_Prize_17_2013.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Michael_Levitt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Levitt
Arieh Warshel,2013 - Chemestry,"Computer simulation, Computational enzymology, Electrostatics, Enzyme catalysis",,Male,"Kibbutz Sde Nahum, Israel",Israel,Israeli And American Biochemist,"Arieh Warshel ( Hebrew: אריה ורשל, born November 20, 1940) is an Israeli and American biochemist and biophysicist. He is a Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry and holds the Dana and David Dornsife Chair in Chemistry at the University of Southern California. He received the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, together with Michael Levitt and Martin Karplus for ""the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"". ",1940,73,"Israel Institute of Technology, Weizmann Institute of Science","Israel, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/AW_TW_PS.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Arieh_Warshel,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arieh_Warshel
Robert J. Shiller,2013 - Economics,,"Financial economics, Behavioral economics",Male,"Detroit, Michigan, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Robert James "" Bob "" Shiller (born March 29, 1946) is an American economist, academic, and best-selling author. He currently serves as a Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University and is a fellow at the Yale School of Management s International Center for Finance. Shiller has been a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) since 1980, was vice president of the American Economic Association in 2005, and president of the Eastern Economic Association for 2006–2007. He is also the co‑founder and chief economist of the investment management firm MacroMarkets LLC.",1946,67,"University of Michigan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Robert_Shiller_-_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Robert_Shiller,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Shiller
Lars Peter Hansen,2013 - Economics,,,Male,"Champaign, Illinois, United States",United States of America,American Economist,"Lars Peter Hansen (born October 26, 1952) is the David Rockefeller Distinguished Service Professor of economics at the University of Chicago. Best known for his work on the Generalized Method of Moments, he is also a distinguished macroeconomist, focusing on the linkages between the financial and real sectors of the economy. In 2013, it was announced that he would be awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, jointly with Robert J. Shiller and Eugene Fama. ",1952,61,"University of Minnesota, Utah State University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Lars_Peter_Hansen_photo_in_2007.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Lars_Peter_Hansen,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_Peter_Hansen
Eugene F. Fama,2013 - Economics,,,Male,"Boston, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,,"Eugene Francis "" Gene "" Fama ( /ˈfɑːmə/; born February 14, 1939) is an American economist and Nobel laureate in Economics, known for his work on portfolio theory and asset pricing, both theoretical and empirical.",1939,74,"University of Chicago, Tufts University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Nobel_Prize_11_2013.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eugene_Fama,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Fama
Alice Munro,2013 - Literature,,,Female,"Wingham, Ontario, Canada",Canada,Canadian Novelist,"Alice Ann Munro ( /ˈælɨsˌænmʌnˈroʊ/, née Laidlaw /ˈleɪdlɔː/; born 10 July 1931) is a Canadian author writing in English. Munro's work has been described as having revolutionized the architecture of short stories, especially in its tendency to move forward and backward in time. Her stories have been said to ""embed more than announce, reveal more than parade."" ",1931,82,University of Western Ontario,Canada,,http://dbpedia.org/page/Alice_Munro,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Munro
Thomas C. Südhof,2013 - Medicine / Physiology,"Chemical synapse, Neurotransmission",,Male,"Göttingen, Germany",Germany,American Biochemist,"Thomas Christian Südhof (born December 22, 1955) is a German-American biochemist well known for his study of synaptic transmission. Currently, he is a professor in the School of Medicine in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and by courtesy in Neurology, and in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. ",1955,58,"Max Planck Institute, University of Göttingen, RWTH Aachen University","Germany, United States of America",,http://dbpedia.org/page/Thomas_C._S%C3%BCdhof,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_C._S%C3%BCdhof
James E. Rothman,2013 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,"Haverhill, Massachusetts, United States",United States of America,,"James Edward Rothman (born November 3, 1950) is the Fergus F. Wallace Professor of Biomedical Sciences at Yale University, the Chairman of the Department of Cell Biology at Yale School of Medicine, and the Director of the Nanobiology Institute at the Yale West Campus. Rothman is also concurrently serving as adjunct professor of physiology and cellular biophysics at Columbia University. and a research professor at the Institute of Neurology, University College, London. Rothman was awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on vesicle trafficking (shared with Randy Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof ). He has also received many other honors, including the King Faisal International Prize in 1996, the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University and the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research both in 2002.",1950,63,"Yale University, Harvard University",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Nobel_prize_for_J.Rothman._Sthlm2013.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/James_Rothman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Rothman
Randy W. Schekman,2013 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,,"Randy Wayne Schekman (born December 30, 1948) is a Nobel Prize -winning American cell biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, and former editor-in-chief of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2011, he was announced as the editor of eLife, a new high-profile open-access journal published by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Max Planck Society and the Wellcome Trust launching in 2012. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1992. Schekman shared the 2013 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with James Rothman and Thomas C. Südhof for their ground-breaking work on cell membrane vesicle trafficking. ",1948,65,"University of California - Los Angeles, Stanford University, University of Edinburgh",United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Randy_Schekman_8_February_2012.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Randy_W._Schekman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_W._Schekman
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons,2013 - Peace,,,,,,,"The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons ( OPCW ) is an intergovernmental organisation, located in The Hague, Netherlands.",,,,,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en8/8d/OPCW_logo.gif,http://dbpedia.org/page/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons
François Englert,2013 - Physics,,,Male,"Brussels, Belgium",Belgium,Physicist,"François Baron Englert ( French: [ɑ̃ɡlɛʁ]; born 6 November 1932) is a Belgian theoretical physicist and 2013 Nobel prize laureate (shared with Peter Higgs ). He is Professor emeritus at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) where he is member of the Service de Physique Théorique. He is also a Sackler Professor by Special Appointment in the School of Physics and Astronomy at Tel Aviv University and a member of the Institute for Quantum Studies at Chapman University in California. He was awarded the 2010 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics (with Gerry Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, Tom Kibble, Peter Higgs, and Robert Brout ), the Wolf Prize in Physics in 2004 (with Brout and Higgs) and the High Energy and Particle Prize of the European Physical Society (with Brout and Higgs) in 1997 for the mechanism which unifies short and long range interactions by generating massive gauge vector bosons. He has made contributions in statistical physics, quantum field theory, cosmology, string theory and supergravity. He is the recipient of the 2013 Prince of Asturias Award in technical and scientific research, together with Peter Higgs and the CERN.",1932,81,Université libre de Bruxelles,Belgium,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Francois_Englert.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert
Peter W. Higgs,2013 - Physics,,,Male,"Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom",United Kingdom,,"Peter Ware Higgs CHFRSFRSE (born 29 May 1929) is a British theoretical physicist, Nobel Prize laureate and emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh. ",1929,84,King's College,United Kingdom,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Nobel_Prize_24_2013.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Peter_Higgs,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Higgs
William Moerner,2014 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Pleasanton, California, United States",United States of America,American Chemist,"William Esco Moerner (born June 24, 1953) is an American physical chemist and chemical physicist with current work in the biophysics and imaging of single molecules. He is credited with achieving the first optical detection and spectroscopy of a single molecule in condensed phases, along with his postdoc, Lothar Kador. Optical study of single molecules has subsequently become a widely used single-molecule experiment in chemistry, physics and biology. In 2014 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ",1953,61,,United States of America,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/WE_Moerner.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/William_E._Moerner,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner
Stefan Hell,2014 - Chemestry,,,Male,"Romania, Arad, Romania",Romania,Director At The Max Planck Institute For Biophysical Chemistry In Göttingen,"Stefan W. Hell (born 23 December 1962) is a Romanian - German physicist and one of the directors of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen, Germany. He received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2014 ""for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy "", together with Eric Betzig and William Moerner. ",1962,52,,"Germany, Romania",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Stefan_W_Hell.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Stefan_Hell,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Hell
Eric Betzig,2014 - Chemestry,,,Male,,,,"Robert Eric Betzig (born January 13, 1960) is an American physicist based at the Janelia Farm Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia. He was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for ""the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"" along with Stefan Hell and William E. Moerner. ",1960,54,,United States of America,http://www.janelia.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/width_690_max_height_340_max/bio/field_bio_headshot/20110225%20-%20Betzig%20Lab%200012%20Eric%20Betzig%20300.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Eric_Betzig,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Betzig
Jean Tirole,2014 - Economics,,"Game theory, Microeconomics",Male,"Troyes, France",France,French Economist,"Jean Tirole (born August 9, 1953) is a French professor of economics. He works on industrial organization, game theory, banking and finance, and economics and psychology. Tirole is chairman of the board of the Jean-Jacques Laffont Foundation at the Toulouse School of Economics, scientific director of the Industrial Economics Institute (IDEI) in Toulouse and founding member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST)",1953,61,"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, École des ponts ParisTech, Paris Dauphine University, École Polytechnique",France,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Tirole_jean.JPG,http://dbpedia.org/page/Jean_Tirole,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Tirole
Patrick Modiano,2014 - Literature,,,Male,,,French Writer,"Patrick Modiano (Italian: Patrizio Modiano; born 30 July 1945) is a French novelist. He is a winner of the Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française in 1972, the Prix Goncourt in 1978 for his novel Rue des boutiques obscures. Modiano was honored with the prestigious 2010 Prix mondial Cino Del Duca by the Institut de France for his lifetime achievement and most recently the 2012 Austrian State Prize for European Literature.",1954,69,,France,http://www.riaukepri.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Patrick-Modiano.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Patrick_Modiano,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Modiano
May-Britt Moser,2014 - Medicine / Physiology,"Grid cells, Neurons",,Female,"Fosnavåg, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Neuroscientist And Psychologist,"May-Britt Moser (born 4 January 1963) is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist, and founding director of the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for the Biology of Memory at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, Norway.",1963,51,,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/May-Britt_Moser.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/May-Britt_Moser,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May-Britt_Moser
Edvard Moser,2014 - Medicine / Physiology,"Neurons, Place cell, Boundary cell, Grid cells",,Male,"Ålesund, Norway",Norway,Norwegian Psychologist,"Edvard Ingjald Moser (born 27 April 1962) is a Norwegian psychologist, neuroscientist, and institute director of the Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, Norway. He currently is based at the Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology near Munich, Germany as a visiting researcher. ",1962,52,,Norway,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/da/E-MB-Moser-20100819.gif,http://dbpedia.org/page/Edvard_Moser,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Moser
John O'Keefe,2014 - Medicine / Physiology,,,Male,,,,"John O'Keefe, FRS (born 18 November 1939) is an American-British neuroscientist and a professor at the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and the Department of Anatomy ( University College London ). He is known for his discovery of place cells in the hippocampus and his discovery that they show temporal coding in the form of theta phase precession. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2014 together with May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser.",1939,75,,"United Kingdom, United States of America",http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/John_O%27Keefe_%28neuroscientist%29_2014.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/John_O%27Keefe_(neuroscientist),http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_O%27Keefe_(neuroscientist)
Kailash Satyarth,2014 - Peace,Activism,,Male,"Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India",India,Indian Activist,"Kailash Satyarthi (born 11 January 1954) is an Indian children's rights activist and a Nobel Peace Prize Laureate.[2] He founded the Bachpan Bachao Andolan — or Save the Childhood Movement — in 1980 and has acted to protect the rights of 80,000 children.",1954,50,,India,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Kailash_Satyarthi.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Kailash_Satyarthi,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi
Malala Yousafzai,2014 - Peace,Activism,,Female,"Mingora, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan",Pakistan,Pakistani Activist,"Malala Yousafzai (Pashto: ملاله یوسفزۍ‎ [mə ˈlaː lə . ju səf ˈzəj];[2] Urdu: ملالہ یوسف زئی‎ Malālah Yūsafzay, born 12 July 1997)[3] is a Pakistani school pupil, education activist, and 2014 Nobel Peace Prize winner from the town of Mingora in the Swat District of Pakistan's northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Her human rights advocacy for for education and for women in her native Swat Valley, where the local Taliban had at times banned girls from attending school, has grown into an international movement. At age 17, Yousafzai became the youngest recipient of any Nobel Prize since they were first awarded one hundred and twelve years ago — on December 10, 1901. Yousafzai shares the prize with Kailash Satyarthi, a children's rights activist from India.",1997,17,,Pakistan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons//8/89/Malala_Yousafzai_at_Girl_Summit_2014.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai
Shuji Nakamura,2014 - Physics,Blue and white LEDs,,Male,"Ikata, Ehime, Japan",Japan,Japanese Inventor,"Shuji Nakamura (中村 修二,Nakamura Shūji?, born May 22, 1954) is a Japanese American professor at the Materials Department of the College of Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), and is regarded as the inventor of the blue LED, a major breakthrough in lighting technology. Together with Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano, he was one of the three recipients of the 2014 Nobel Prize for Physics ""for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes, which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"".",1954,60,,United States of America,http://m.eet.com/media/1174158/800shujinakamura.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Shuji_Nakamura,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura
Isamu Akasaki,2014 - Physics,,,Male,,,Japanese Scientist,"Isamu Akasaki (赤崎 勇,Akasaki Isamu?, born January 30, 1929) is a Japanese scientist and Nobel Prize laureate, known for inventing the bright gallium nitride ( GaN ) p-n junction blue LED in 1989 and subsequently the high-brightness GaN blue LED as well. ",1929,85,,Japan,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Isamu_Akasaki_in_2014.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Isamu_Akasaki,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki
Hiroshi Amano,2014 - Physics,,,Male,,,,"Hiroshi Amano (天野 浩,Amano Hiroshi?, born September 11, 1960) is a Japanese physicist who was awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics together with Isamu Akasaki and Shuji Nakamura for ""the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"". ",1960,54,,Japan,http://www.rlocman.ru/i/Image/2011/12/08/Hiroshi_Amano_AAN.jpg,http://dbpedia.org/page/Hiroshi_Amano,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano