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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<meta name="description" content=""/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>
<title>CS171 - Final Project</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/fullpage.css"/>
<link rel='icon' href='img/favicon.ico' type='image/x-icon'
/ >
<link
href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather&display=swap"
rel="stylesheet"
/>
<link
rel="stylesheet"
href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-select@1.13.9/dist/css/bootstrap-select.min.css"
/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<div id="fullpage">
<div class="section active" id="section0" data-anchor="slide0">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
<h1 class="title">
Visualizing Mass Incarceration and The School-To-Prison Pipeline
</h1>
<div class="page-credits">
<h5>Christopher Kinyua</h5>
<h5>Nikhil Vanderklaauw</h5>
<h5>Shruthi Venkata</h5>
<h5>Simon Warchol</h5>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col">
<img id="prison-bars" src="img/jail.png"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section class="section" id="section1" data-anchor="slide1">
<div class="opening-text">
<strong
>Mass incarceration is one of the most jarring realities of the
United States.</strong
>
The practice of imprisoning socioeconomic and racial minorities, as
well as other specific groups, stems from a harsh and complex history
of racial discrimination unique to the United States, whose
infrastructure and economy originally emerged from slavery, and in
which under the 13th Amendment, involuntary servitude is only
permissible in the context of jail. This history has transformed into
an equally complex modern reality, in which demographics are jailed in
varying patterns, for varying reasons, across different regions of the
US.<br/><br/>These visualizations aim to expose trends in
incarceration via a number of those factors, and then more
specifically address the role of educational institutions and their
punitive systems in feeding the prison-industrial complex.
</div>
</section>
<section class="section" id="section2" data-anchor="slide2">
<div class="slide" data-anchor="slide1a">
<h4 class="row matrix-header">
Incarceration Rate (US)
</h4>
<div class="row matrix-container">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 centered-column">
<div class="call-to-action intro-text" id="intro-text-0">
<p>
Each of the dots on the right represents 1% of the US
population(3M individuals).
</p>
<p>
What percent of the US population do you think is currently
incarcerated?
</p>
<p class="query">Drag and click to make your selection.</p>
</div>
<div class="call-to-action" id="interactive-text-0"></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 centered-row">
<div class="dot-matrix" id="dot-matrix-total"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slide" data-anchor="slide1b">
<h4 class="row matrix-header">
Black Incarceration Rate (US)
</h4>
<div class="row matrix-container">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 centered-column">
<div class="call-to-action intro-text" id="intro-text-1">
<p>
Out of the 14M incarcerated Americans, how many do you think
are Black?
</p>
<p>
Each dot represents 1% of the incarcerated population(Around
140K Individuals).
</p>
<p class="query">Drag and click to make your selection.</p>
</div>
<div class="call-to-action" id="interactive-text-1"></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 centered-row">
<div class="dot-matrix" id="dot-matrix-race"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slide" data-anchor="slide1c">
<h4 class="row matrix-header">
School-Related Arrests
</h4>
<div class="row matrix-container">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 centered-column">
<div class="call-to-action intro-text" id="intro-text-2">
<p>
Out of all school-related arrests in the US, how many do you
think are Black?
</p>
<p>
Each dot represents 1% of school-related arrests (Around 100K
Individuals).
</p>
<p class="query">Drag and click to make your selection.</p>
</div>
<div class="call-to-action" id="interactive-text-2"></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 centered-row">
<div class="dot-matrix" id="dot-matrix-school"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="slide" data-anchor="slide1d">
<h4 class="row matrix-header">
Incarceration Population Ratios
</h4>
<div class="row matrix-container">
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 centered-column">
<div class="call-to-action intro-text" id="intro-text-3">
<p>
If you haven't already noticed, the percentage of incarcerated
people who are Black/African American and the percentage of
school-related arrests involving black people are almost
identical(Around 30-33%).
</p>
<p class="query">
What percentage of the total US population do you think is
comprised of Black/African American people?
</p>
<p class="query">Drag and click to make your selection.</p>
</div>
<div class="call-to-action" id="interactive-text-3"></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-lg-6 centered-row">
<div class="dot-matrix" id="dot-matrix-black"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="section" id="section3" data-anchor="slide3">
<ul class="big-stats">
<li>
The United States accounts for
<b class="bigger-number"><sup>1</sup>/<sub>4</sub></b> of the
world's prison population
</li>
<li>
The current US prison population is
<b class="bigger-number">7x</b> what it was in 1970
</li>
<li>
<b class="bigger-number"><sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub></b> of all Black
boys born in the US can expect to go to prison in their lifetime
</li>
</ul>
<span class="source"
><b>Source: </b
><a
href="https://www.aclu.org/issues/smart-justice/mass-incarceration"
><b>ACLU</b></a
></span
>
</div>
<div class="section" id="section4" data-anchor="slide4">
<h4 class="page-title">Incarceration Totals and Rates</h4>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col" id="us-cartogram"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="section5" data-anchor="slide5">
<h4 class="page-title">The School to Prison Pipeline</h4>
<ul class="smaller-stats">
<li>
America's public schools are at the heart of our mass incarceration
problem, perhaps reflective of America's institutional racism, or a
system that perpetuates it
</li>
<li>
"Zero-tolerance" policies have resulted in students being suspended,
expelled, and incarcerated for trivial classroom incidents
</li>
<li>
Black students make up <b class="less-big-big-number">16%</b> of
public school enrollment and white students 51%, but are
<b class="less-big-big-number">42%</b> of students facing multiple
suspensions, while white students are 31% of those facing multiple
suspensions.
</li>
<li>
Black students constitute <b class="less-big-big-number">31%</b> of
school related arrests
</li>
<li>
Black students are suspended and expelled
<b class="less-big-big-number">3x</b> more than white students.
</li>
</ul>
<span class="source"
><b>Source: </b
><a
href="https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline"
><b>ACLU</b></a
></span
>
</div>
<div class="section" id="section6" data-anchor="slide6">
<div class="row">
<div class="col content" id="scatter-text">
<h4>The School to Prison Pipeline cont'd</h4>
<p>
The ACLU describes the “school-to-prison pipeline” as a national
trend in which youth are funneled out of schools into juvenile and
criminal justice systems. Especially affected are students with
learning disabilities, and children from minority and
disadvantaged groups, including racial minorities and children who
grew up in poverty.
</p>
<p class="quote">
<em
>“When children attend schools that place a greater value on
discipline and security than on knowledge and intellectual
development, they are attending prep schools for prison”</em
>
</p>
<p>― Angela Y. Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete?</p>
<br>
<p>
On the right you can observe the correlation between the percent of students who have been suspended
in a particular county and the percent of the county's population who was incarcerated.
Hovering over dots will display a tooltip with the data and county name.
</p>
</div>
<div class="col content">
<div id="scatterplot"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="section7" data-anchor="slide7">
<div class="row">
<div class="col content schoolstats">
<h4>School Statistics - Race Breakdown</h4>
<br/>
<p>
Here, we investigate the various trends in disciplinary action
taken against students across America. We can see some standout
trends with Black, Native American and Pacific Islander students
having the highest rates for many of the disciplinary measures.
<br><br>
You can explore the different rates to further understand
inequalities in disciplinary action. You can also choose to display the
default ordering or sort/unsort the descending order.
<br><br>
Clicking on a bar will
populate the map and display the percent of students of that race in each state.
</p>
</div>
<div class="col content">
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group input-group-sm btn-group-sm">
<label for="view-type"
>See Percent of Students Across USA who</label
>
<select
class="form-control"
id="view-type"
onchange="updateBar()"
>
<option value="ISS"
>Received one-or-more in-school suspensions
</option>
<option value="OOS"
>Received one-or-more out-of-school suspensions
</option>
<option value="ARREST"
>Received a School-Related Arrest
</option>
<option value="EXP">Were Expelled</option>
<option value="EXPZT"
>Were Expelled Under their School's Zero Tolerance Policy
</option>
<option value="REF"
>Were Referred to a Law Enforcement Agency or Official
</option>
<option value="TRANSF"
>Were Transferred to an Alternative School for Disciplinary
Reasons
</option>
</select>
<button
type="button"
class="btn btn-outline-secondary"
role="button"
aria-pressed="true"
id="sort-button"
onclick="sortButtonBar()"
>
Sort
</button>
</div>
</form>
<!-- Parent container for the visualization -->
<div class="row">
<div id="bar-vis"></div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div id="choro-vis"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="section8" data-anchor="slide8">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col">
<h4 class="page-title">Sources</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline">https://www.aclu.org/issues/juvenile-justice/school-prison-pipeline</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.aclu.org/issues/smart-justice/mass-incarceration">https://www.aclu.org/issues/smart-justice/mass-incarceration</a>
</li>
<li><a href="http://trends.vera.org/incarceration-rates?data=pretrial">http://trends.vera.org/incarceration-rates?data=pretrial</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4055892">https://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/4055892</a></li>
<li><a href="https://bl.ocks.org/veltman/938ea2d0ef98c02633bec15d6fb3a177">https://bl.ocks.org/veltman/938ea2d0ef98c02633bec15d6fb3a177</a>
</li>
<li><a href="https://observablehq.com/@clhenrick/dorling-cartogram-circle-packs">https://observablehq.com/@clhenrick/dorling-cartogram-circle-packs</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://collectiveliberation.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Are_Prisons_Obsolete_Angela_Davis.pdf">Are
Prisons Obsolete - Angela Davis</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col">
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mZFJ-PkSebs" frameborder="0"
allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Load JS libraries -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/lodash@4.17.15/lodash.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/fullpage.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var myFullpage = new fullpage("#fullpage", {
sectionsColor: [
"#f2f2f2",
"#f1f1f1",
"#ffffff",
"#f1f1f1",
"#ffffff",
"#ffffff"
],
navigation: true,
navigationPosition: "right",
licenseKey: "ABB0465B-FA524899-995F79FD-B0187797",
anchors: ["slide0", "slide1", "slide2", "slide3", "slide4", "slide5", "slide6", "slide7", "slide8"],
normalScrollElements: "#world-circles-svg"
});
</script>
<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/queue.v1.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/d3-regression.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/topojson/3.0.2/topojson.js"></script>
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<script src="js/d3.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/d3-tip.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap-select@1.13.9/dist/js/bootstrap-select.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3-interpolate.v1.min.js"></script>
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<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3-legend/2.25.6/d3-legend.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/choropleth.js"></script>
<script src="js/cartogram.js"></script>
<script src="js/stackedbar.js"></script>
<script src="js/matrix.js"></script>
<script src="js/scatterplot.js"></script>
<script src="js/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>