corpus_statistics.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h1> Corpus statistics, ngrams, Frequency Plot</h1>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "import nltk\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from nltk import ngrams\n",
    "import collections\n",
    "from collections import defaultdict\n",
    "import random \n",
    "import string\n",
    "from nltk.corpus import stopwords\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "\n",
    "#set(stopwords.words('english'))\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "stop_words =['','(',')','{','}','\\\\','--',':','-']\n",
    "punct=string.punctuation+\"``\"+\"''\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>The function will return text as string from news category of nltk brown corpus</h4>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def nltk_brown_corpus(category='news'):\n",
    "    sentences=[\" \".join(sent) for sent in nltk.corpus.brown.sents(categories=category)]\n",
    "    raw_sents=\"\\n\".join(sentences)\n",
    "    return raw_sents"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h3> The function gives all brown corpus categories text</h3>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def brown_corpus_categories_text():\n",
    "    text=''\n",
    "    for category in nltk.corpus.brown.categories():\n",
    "        text+= nltk_brown_corpus(category=category)\n",
    "    return text"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"The Fulton County Grand Jury said Friday an investigation of Atlanta's recent primary election produced `` no evidence '' that any irregularities took place .\\nThe jury further said in term-end presentments that the City Executive Committee , which had over-all charge of the election , `` deserves the praise and thanks of the City of Atlanta '' for the manner in which the election was conducted .\\nThe September-October term jury had been charged by Fulton Superior Court Judge Durwood Pye to investigate reports of possible `` irregularities '' in the hard-fought primary which was won by Mayor-nominate Ivan Allen Jr. .\\n`` Only a relative handful of such reports was received '' , the jury said , `` considering the widespread interest in the election , the number of voters and the size of this city '' .\\nThe jury said it did find that many of Georgia's registration and election laws `` are outmoded or inadequate and often ambiguous '' .\\nIt recommended that Fulton legislators act `` to have these laws studied and revised to the end of modernizing and improving them '' .\\nThe grand jury commented on a number of other topics , among them the Atlanta and Fulton County purchasing departments which it said `` are well operated and follow generally accepted practices which inure to the best interest of both governments '' .\\nMerger proposed\\nHowever , the jury said it believes `` these two offices should be combined to achieve greater efficiency and reduce the cost of administration '' .\\nThe City Purchasing Department , the jury said , `` is lacking in experienced clerical personnel as a result of city personnel policies '' .\\nIt urged that the city `` take steps to remedy '' this problem .\\nImplementation of Georgia's automobile title law was also recommended by the outgoing jury .\\nIt urged that the next Legislature `` provide enabling funds and re-set the effective date so that an orderly implementation of the law may be effected '' .\\nThe grand jury took a swipe at the State Welfare Department's handling of federal funds granted for child welfare services in foster homes .\\n`` This is one of the major items in the Fulton County general assistance program '' , the jury said , but the State Welfare Department `` has seen fit to distribute these funds through the welfare departments of all the counties in the state with the exception of Fulton County , which receives none of this money .\\nThe jurors said they realize `` a proportionate distribution of these funds might disable this program in our less populous counties '' .\\nNevertheless , `` we feel that in the future Fulton County should receive some portion of these available funds '' , the jurors said .\\n`` Failure to do this will continue to place a disproportionate burden '' on Fulton taxpayers .\\nThe jury also commented on the Fulton ordinary's court which has been under fire for its practices in the appointment of appraisers , guardians and administrators and the awarding of fees and compensation .\\nWards protected\\nThe jury said it found the court `` has incorporated into its operating procedures the recommendations '' of two previous grand juries , the Atlanta Bar Association and an interim citizens committee .\\n`` These actions should serve to protect in fact and in effect the court's wards from undue costs and its appointed and elected servants from unmeritorious criticisms '' , the jury said .\\nRegarding Atlanta's new multi-million-dollar airport , the jury recommended `` that when the new management takes charge Jan. 1 the airport be operated in a manner that will eliminate political influences '' .\\nThe jury did not elaborate , but it added that `` there should be periodic surveillance of the pricing practices of the concessionaires for the purpose of keeping the prices reasonable '' .\\nAsk jail deputies\\nOn other matters , the jury recommended that : ( 1 )\\nFour additional deputies be employed at the Fulton County Jail and `` a doctor , medical intern or extern be employed for night and weekend duty at the jail '' .\\n( 2 )\\nFulton legislators `` work with city officials to pass enabling legislation that will permit the establishment of a fair and equitable '' pension plan for city employes .\\nThe jury praised the administration and operation of the Atlanta Police Department , the Fulton Tax Commissioner's Office , the Bellwood and Alpharetta prison farms , Grady Hospital and the Fulton Health Department .\\nMayor William B. Hartsfield filed suit for divorce from his wife , Pearl Williams Hartsfield , in Fulton Superior Court Friday .\\nHis petition charged mental cruelty .\\nThe couple was married Aug. 2 , 1913 .\\nThey have a son , William Berry Jr. , and a daughter , Mrs. J. M. Cheshire of Griffin .\\nAttorneys for the mayor said that an amicable property settlement has been agreed upon .\\nThe petition listed the mayor's occupation as `` attorney '' and his age as 71 .\\nIt listed his wife's age as 74 and place of birth as Opelika , Ala. .\\nThe petition said that the couple has not lived together as man and wife for more than a year .\\nThe Hartsfield home is at 637 E. Pelham Rd. Aj .\\nHenry L. Bowden was listed on the petition as the mayor's attorney .\\nHartsfield has been mayor of Atlanta , with exception of one brief interlude , since 1937 .\\nHis political career goes back to his election to city council in 1923 .\\nThe mayor's present term of office expires Jan. 1 .\\nHe will be succeeded by Ivan Allen Jr. , who became a candidate in the Sept. 13 primary after Mayor Hartsfield announced that he would not run for reelection .\\nGeorgia Republicans are getting strong encouragement to enter a candidate in the 1962 governor's race , a top official said Wednesday .\\nRobert Snodgrass , state GOP chairman , said a meeting held Tuesday night in Blue Ridge brought enthusiastic responses from the audience .\\nState Party Chairman James W. Dorsey added that enthusiasm was picking up for a state rally to be held Sept. 8 in Savannah at which newly elected Texas Sen. John Tower will be the featured speaker .\\nIn the Blue Ridge meeting , the audience was warned that entering a candidate for governor would force it to take petitions out into voting precincts to obtain the signatures of registered voters .\\nDespite the warning , there was a unanimous vote to enter a candidate , according to Republicans who attended .\\nWhen the crowd was asked whether it wanted to wait one more term to make the race , it voted no -- and there were no dissents .\\nThe largest hurdle the Republicans would have to face is a state law which says that before making a first race , one of two alternative courses must be taken : 1\\nFive per cent of the voters in each county must sign petitions requesting that the Republicans be allowed to place names of candidates on the general election ballot , or 2\\nThe Republicans must hold a primary under the county unit system -- a system which the party opposes in its platform .\\nSam Caldwell , State Highway Department public relations director , resigned Tuesday to work for Lt. Gov. Garland Byrd's campaign .\\nCaldwell's resignation had been expected for some time .\\nHe will be succeeded by Rob Ledford of Gainesville , who has been an assistant more than three years .\\nWhen the gubernatorial campaign starts , Caldwell is expected to become a campaign coordinator for Byrd .\\nThe Georgia Legislature will wind up its 1961 session Monday and head for home -- where some of the highway bond money it approved will follow shortly .\\nBefore adjournment Monday afternoon , the Senate is expected to approve a study of the number of legislators allotted to rural and urban areas to determine what adjustments should be made .\\nGov. Vandiver is expected to make the traditional visit to both chambers as they work toward adjournment .\\nVandiver likely will mention the $100 million highway bond issue approved earlier in the session as his first priority item .\\nConstruction bonds\\nMeanwhile , it was learned the State Highway Department is very near being ready to issue the first $30 million worth of highway reconstruction bonds .\\nThe bond issue will go to the state courts for a friendly test suit to test the validity of the act , and then the sales will begin and contracts let for repair work on some of Georgia's most heavily traveled highways .\\nA Highway Department source said there also is a plan there to issue some $3 million to $4 million worth of Rural Roads Authority bonds for rural road construction work .\\nA revolving fund\\nThe department apparently intends to make the Rural Roads Authority a revolving fund under which new bonds would be issued every time a portion of the old ones are paid off by tax authorities .\\nVandiver opened his race for governor in 1958 with a battle in the Legislature against the issuance of $50 million worth of additional rural roads bonds proposed by then Gov. Marvin Griffin .\\nThe Highway Department source told The Constitution , however , that Vandiver has not been consulted yet about the plans to issue the new rural roads bonds .\\nSchley County Rep. B. D. Pelham will offer a resolution Monday in the House to rescind the body's action of Friday in voting itself a $10 per day increase in expense allowances .\\nPelham said Sunday night there was research being done on whether the `` quickie '' vote on the increase can be repealed outright or whether notice would have to first be given that reconsideration of the action would be sought .\\nWhile emphasizing that technical details were not fully worked out , Pelham said his resolution would seek to set aside the privilege resolution which the House voted through 87-31 .\\nA similar resolution passed in the Senate by a vote of 29-5 .\\nAs of Sunday night , there was no word of a resolution being offered there to rescind the action .\\nPelham pointed out that Georgia voters last November rejected a constitutional amendment to allow legislators to vote on pay raises for future Legislature sessions .\\nA veteran Jackson County legislator will ask the Georgia House Monday to back federal aid to education , something it has consistently opposed in the past .\\nRep. Mac Barber of Commerce is asking the House in a privilege resolution to `` endorse increased federal support for public education , provided that such funds be received and expended '' as state funds .\\nBarber , who is in his 13th year as a legislator , said there `` are some members of our congressional delegation in Washington who would like to see it ( the resolution ) passed '' .\\nBut he added that none of Georgia's congressmen specifically asked him to offer the resolution .\\nThe resolution , which Barber tossed into the House hopper Friday , will be formally read Monday .\\nIt says that `` in the event Congress does provide this increase in federal funds '' , the State Board of Education should be directed to `` give priority '' to teacher pay raises .\\nColquitt\\n-- After a long , hot controversy , Miller County has a new school superintendent , elected , as a policeman put it , in the `` coolest election I ever saw in this county '' .\\nThe new school superintendent is Harry Davis , a veteran agriculture teacher , who defeated Felix Bush , a school principal and chairman of the Miller County Democratic Executive Committee .\\nDavis received 1,119 votes in Saturday's election , and Bush got 402 .\\nOrdinary Carey Williams , armed with a pistol , stood by at the polls to insure order .\\n`` This was the coolest , calmest election I ever saw '' , Colquitt Policeman Tom Williams said .\\n`` Being at the polls was just like being at church .\\nI didn't smell a drop of liquor , and we didn't have a bit of trouble '' .\\nThe campaign leading to the election was not so quiet , however .\\nIt was marked by controversy , anonymous midnight phone calls and veiled threats of violence .\\nThe former county school superintendent , George P. Callan , shot himself to death March 18 , four days after he resigned his post in a dispute with the county school board .\\nDuring the election campaign , both candidates , Davis and Bush , reportedly received anonymous telephone calls .\\nOrdinary Williams said he , too , was subjected to anonymous calls soon after he scheduled the election .\\nMany local citizens feared that there would be irregularities at the polls , and Williams got himself a permit to carry a gun and promised an orderly election .\\nSheriff Felix Tabb said the ordinary apparently made good his promise .\\n`` Everything went real smooth '' , the sheriff said .\\n`` There wasn't a bit of trouble '' .\\nAustin , Texas\\n-- Committee approval of Gov. Price Daniel's `` abandoned property '' act seemed certain Thursday despite the adamant protests of Texas bankers .\\nDaniel personally led the fight for the measure , which he had watered down considerably since its rejection by two previous Legislatures , in a public hearing before the House Committee on Revenue and Taxation .\\nUnder committee rules , it went automatically to a subcommittee for one week .\\nBut questions with which committee members taunted bankers appearing as witnesses left little doubt that they will recommend passage of it .\\nDaniel termed `` extremely conservative '' his estimate that it would produce 17 million dollars to help erase an anticipated deficit of 63 million dollars at the end of the current fiscal year next Aug. 31 .\\nHe told the committee the measure would merely provide means of enforcing the escheat law which has been on the books `` since Texas was a republic '' .\\nIt permits the state to take over bank accounts , stocks and other personal property of persons missing for seven years or more .\\nThe bill , which Daniel said he drafted personally , would force banks , insurance firms , pipeline companies and other corporations to report such property to the state treasurer .\\nThe escheat law cannot be enforced now because it is almost impossible to locate such property , Daniel declared .\\nDewey Lawrence , a Tyler lawyer representing the Texas Bankers Association , sounded the opposition keynote when he said it would force banks to violate their contractual obligations with depositors and undermine the confidence of bank customers .\\n`` If you destroy confidence in banks , you do something to the economy '' , he said .\\n`` You take out of circulation many millions of dollars '' .\\nRep. Charles E. Hughes of Sherman , sponsor of the bill , said a failure to enact it would amount `` to making a gift out of the taxpayers' pockets to banks , insurance and pipeline companies '' .\\nHis contention was denied by several bankers , including Scott Hudson of Sherman , Gaynor B. Jones of Houston , J. B. Brady of Harlingen and Howard Cox of Austin .\\nCox argued that the bill is `` probably unconstitutional '' since , he said , it would impair contracts .\\nHe also complained that not enough notice was given on the hearing , since the bill was introduced only last Monday .\\nAustin , Texas\\n-- Senators unanimously approved Thursday the bill of Sen. George Parkhouse of Dallas authorizing establishment of day schools for the deaf in Dallas and the four other largest counties .\\nThe bill is designed to provide special schooling for more deaf students in the scholastic age at a reduced cost to the state .\\nThere was no debate as the Senate passed the bill on to the House .\\nIt would authorize the Texas Education Agency to establish county-wide day schools for the deaf in counties of 300,000 or more population , require deaf children between 6 and 13 years of age to attend the day schools , permitting older ones to attend the residential Texas School for the Deaf here .\\nOperating budget for the day schools in the five counties of Dallas , Harris , Bexar , Tarrant and El Paso would be $451,500 , which would be a savings of $157,460 yearly after the first year's capital outlay of $88,000 was absorbed , Parkhouse told the Senate .\\nThe TEA estimated there would be 182 scholastics to attend the day school in Dallas County , saving them from coming to Austin to live in the state deaf school .\\nDallas may get to hear a debate on horse race parimutuels soon between Reps. V. E. ( Red ) Berry and Joe Ratcliff .\\nWhile details are still to be worked out , Ratcliff said he expects to tell home folks in Dallas why he thinks Berry's proposed constitutional amendment should be rejected .\\n`` We're getting more ' pro ' letters than ' con ' on horse race betting '' , said Ratcliff .\\n`` But I believe if people were better informed on this question , most of them would oppose it also .\\nI'm willing to stake my political career on it '' .\\nRep. Berry , an ex-gambler from San Antonio , got elected on his advocacy of betting on the ponies .\\nA House committee which heard his local option proposal is expected to give it a favorable report , although the resolution faces hard sledding later .\\nThe house passed finally , and sent to the Senate , a bill extending the State Health Department's authority to give planning assistance to cities .\\nThe senate quickly whipped through its meager fare of House bills approved by committees , passing the three on the calendar .\\nOne validated acts of school districts .\\nAnother enlarged authority of the Beaumont Navigation District .\\nThe third amended the enabling act for creation of the Lamar county Hospital District , for which a special constitutional amendment previously was adopted .\\nWithout dissent , senators passed a bill by Sen. A. R. Schwartz of Galveston authorizing establishment in the future of a school for the mentally retarded in the Gulf Coast district .\\nMoney for its construction will be sought later on but in the meantime the State Hospital board can accept gifts and donations of a site .\\nTwo tax revision bills were passed .\\nOne , by Sen. Louis Crump of San Saba , would aid more than 17,000 retailers who pay a group of miscellaneous excise taxes by eliminating the requirement that each return be notarized .\\nInstead , retailers would sign a certificate of correctness , violation of which would carry a penalty of one to five years in prison , plus a $1,000 fine .\\nIt was one of a series of recommendations by the Texas Research League .\\nThe other bill , by Sen. A. M. Aikin Jr. of Paris , would relieve real estate brokers , who pay their own annual licensing fee , from the $12 annual occupation license on brokers in such as stocks and bonds .\\nNatural gas public utility companies would be given the right of eminent domain , under a bill by Sen. Frank Owen 3 , of El Paso , to acquire sites for underground storage reservoirs for gas .\\nMarshall Formby of Plainview , former chairman of the Texas Highway Commission , suggested a plan to fill by appointment future vacancies in the Legislature and Congress , eliminating the need for costly special elections .\\nUnder Formby's plan , an appointee would be selected by a board composed of the governor , lieutenant governor , speaker of the House , attorney general and chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court .\\nAustin , Texas\\n-- State representatives decided Thursday against taking a poll on what kind of taxes Texans would prefer to pay .\\nAn adverse vote of 81 to 65 kept in the State Affairs Committee a bill which would order the referendum on the April 4 ballot , when Texas votes on a U.S. senator .\\nRep. Wesley Roberts of Seminole , sponsor of the poll idea , said that further delay in the committee can kill the bill .\\nThe West Texan reported that he had finally gotten Chairman Bill Hollowell of the committee to set it for public hearing on Feb. 22 .\\nThe proposal would have to receive final legislative approval , by two-thirds majorities , before March 1 to be printed on the April 4 ballot , Roberts said .\\nOpponents generally argued that the ballot couldn't give enough information about tax proposals for the voters to make an intelligent choice .\\nAll Dallas members voted with Roberts , except Rep. Bill Jones , who was absent .\\nAustin , Texas\\n-- Paradise lost to the alleged water needs of Texas' big cities Thursday .\\nRep. James Cotten of Weatherford insisted that a water development bill passed by the Texas House of Representatives was an effort by big cities like Dallas and Fort Worth to cover up places like Paradise , a Wise County hamlet of 250 people .\\nWhen the shouting ended , the bill passed , 114 to 4 , sending it to the Senate , where a similar proposal is being sponsored by Sen. George Parkhouse of Dallas .\\nMost of the fire was directed by Cotten against Dallas and Sen. Parkhouse .\\nThe bill would increase from $5,000,000 to $15,000,000 the maximum loan the state could make to a local water project .\\nCotten construed this as a veiled effort by Parkhouse to help Dallas and other large cities get money which Cotten felt could better be spent providing water for rural Texas .\\nStatements by other legislators that Dallas is paying for all its water program by local bonds , and that less populous places would benefit most by the pending bill , did not sway Cotten's attack .\\nThe bill's defenders were mostly small-town legislators like J. W. Buchanan of Dumas , Eligio ( Kika ) De La Garza of Mission , Sam F. Collins of Newton and Joe Chapman of Sulphur Springs .\\n`` This is a poor boy's bill '' , said Chapman .\\n`` Dallas and Fort Worth can vote bonds .\\nThis would help the little peanut districts '' .\\nAustin , Texas\\n-- A Houston teacher , now serving in the Legislature , proposed Thursday a law reducing the time spent learning `` educational methods '' .\\nRep. Henry C. Grover , who teaches history in the Houston public schools , would reduce from 24 to 12 semester hours the so-called `` teaching methods '' courses required to obtain a junior or senior high school teaching certificate .\\nA normal year's work in college is 30 semester hours .\\nGrover also would require junior-senior high teachers to have at least 24 semester hours credit in the subject they are teaching .\\nThe remainder of the 4-year college requirement would be in general subjects .\\n`` A person with a master's degree in physics , chemistry , math or English , yet who has not taken Education courses , is not permitted to teach in the public schools '' , said Grover .\\nCollege teachers in Texas are not required to have the Education courses .\\nFifty-three of the 150 representatives immediately joined Grover as co-signers of the proposal .\\nParis , Texas ( sp. )\\n-- The board of regents of Paris Junior College has named Dr. Clarence Charles Clark of Hays , Kan. as the school's new president .\\nDr. Clark will succeed Dr. J. R. McLemore , who will retire at the close of the present school term .\\nDr. Clark holds an earned Doctor of Education degree from the University of Oklahoma .\\nHe also received a Master of Science degree from Texas A & I College and a Bachelor of Science degree from Southwestern State College , Weatherford , Okla. .\\nIn addition , Dr. Clark has studied at Rhode Island State College and Massachusetts Institute of Technology .\\nDuring his college career , Dr. Clark was captain of his basketball team and was a football letterman .\\nDr. Clark has served as teacher and principal in Oklahoma high schools , as teacher and athletic director at Raymondville , Texas , High School , as an instructor at the University of Oklahoma , and as an associate professor of education at Fort Hays , Kan. , State College .\\nHe has served as a border patrolman and was in the Signal Corps of the U.S. Army .\\nDenton , Texas ( sp. )\\n-- Principals of the 13 schools in the Denton Independent School District have been re-elected for the 1961-62 session upon the recommendation of Supt. Chester O. Strickland .\\nState and federal legislation against racial discrimination in employment was called for yesterday in a report of a `` blue ribbon '' citizens committee on the aid to dependent children program .\\nThe report , culminating a year long study of the ADC program in Cook county by a New York City welfare consulting firm , listed 10 long range recommendations designed to reduce the soaring ADC case load .\\nThe report called racial discrimination in employment `` one of the most serious causes of family breakdown , desertion , and ADC dependency '' .\\n`` Must solve problem ''\\nThe monthly cost of ADC to more than 100,000 recipients in the county is 4.4 million dollars , said C. Virgil Martin , president of Carson Pirie Scott & Co. , committee chairman .\\n`` We must solve the problems which have forced these people to depend upon ADC for subsistence '' , Martin said .\\nThe volume of ADC cases will decrease , Martin reported , when the community is able to deal effectively with two problems : Relatively limited skills and discrimination in employment because of color .\\nThese , he said , are `` two of the principal underlying causes for family breakups leading to ADC '' .\\nCalls for extension\\nOther recommendations made by the committee are :\\nExtension of the ADC program to all children in need living with any relatives , including both parents , as a means of preserving family unity .\\nResearch projects as soon as possible on the causes and prevention of dependency and illegitimacy .\\nSeveral defendants in the Summerdale police burglary trial made statements indicating their guilt at the time of their arrest , Judge James B. Parsons was told in Criminal court yesterday .\\nThe disclosure by Charles Bellows , chief defense counsel , startled observers and was viewed as the prelude to a quarrel between the six attorneys representing the eight former policemen now on trial .\\nBellows made the disclosure when he asked Judge Parsons to grant his client , Alan Clements , 30 , a separate trial .\\nBellows made the request while the all-woman jury was out of the courtroom .\\nFears prejudicial aspects\\n`` The statements may be highly prejudicial to my client '' , Bellows told the court .\\n`` Some of the defendants strongly indicated they knew they were receiving stolen property .\\nIt is impossible to get a fair trial when some of the defendants made statements involving themselves and others '' .\\nJudge Parsons leaned over the bench and inquired , `` You mean some of the defendants made statements admitting this '' ? ?\\n`` Yes , your honor '' , replied Bellows .\\n`` What this amounts to , if true , is that there will be a free-for-all fight in this case .\\nThere is a conflict among the defendants '' .\\nWashington , July 24\\n-- President Kennedy today pushed aside other White House business to devote all his time and attention to working on the Berlin crisis address he will deliver tomorrow night to the American people over nationwide television and radio .\\nThe President spent much of the week-end at his summer home on Cape Cod writing the first drafts of portions of the address with the help of White House aids in Washington with whom he talked by telephone .\\nShortly after the Chief Executive returned to Washington in midmorning from Hyannis Port , Mass. , a White House spokesman said the address text still had `` quite a way to go '' toward completion .\\nDecisions are made\\nAsked to elaborate , Pierre Salinger , White House press secretary , replied , `` I would say it's got to go thru several more drafts '' .\\nSalinger said the work President Kennedy , advisers , and members of his staff were doing on the address involved composition and wording , rather than last minute decisions on administration plans to meet the latest Berlin crisis precipitated by Russia's demands and proposals for the city .\\nThe last 10 cases in the investigation of the Nov. 8 election were dismissed yesterday by Acting Judge John M. Karns , who charged that the prosecution obtained evidence `` by unfair and fundamentally illegal means '' .\\nKarns said that the cases involved a matter `` of even greater significance than the guilt or innocence '' of the 50 persons .\\nHe said evidence was obtained `` in violation of the legal rights of citizens '' .\\nKarns' ruling pertained to eight of the 10 cases .\\nIn the two other cases he ruled that the state had been `` unable to make a case '' .\\nContempt proceedings originally had been brought against 677 persons in 133 precincts by Morris J. Wexler , special prosecutor .\\nIssue jury subpoenas\\nWexler admitted in earlier court hearings that he issued grand jury subpenas to about 200 persons involved in the election investigation , questioned the individuals in the Criminal courts building , but did not take them before the grand jury .\\nMayer Goldberg , attorney for election judges in the 58th precinct of the 23d ward , argued this procedure constituted intimidation .\\nWexler has denied repeatedly that coercion was used in questioning .\\nKarns said it was a `` wrongful act '' for Wexler to take statements `` privately and outside of the grand jury room '' .\\nHe said this constituted a `` very serious misuse '' of the Criminal court processes .\\n`` Actually , the abuse of the process may have constituted a contempt of the Criminal court of Cook county , altho vindication of the authority of that court is not the function of this court '' , said Karns , who is a City judge in East St. Louis sitting in Cook County court .\\nFaced seven cases\\nKarns had been scheduled this week to hear seven cases involving 35 persons .\\nWexler had charged the precinct judges in these cases with `` complementary '' miscount of the vote , in which votes would be taken from one candidate and given to another .\\nThe cases involved judges in the 33d , 24th , and 42d precincts of the 31st ward , the 21st and 28th precincts of the 29th ward , the 18th precinct of the 4th ward , and the 9th precinct of the 23d ward .\\nThe case of the judges in the 58th precinct of the 23d ward had been heard previously and taken under advisement by Karns .\\nTwo other cases also were under advisement .\\nClaims precedent lacking\\nAfter reading his statement discharging the 23d ward case , Karns told Wexler that if the seven cases scheduled for trial also involved persons who had been subpenaed , he would dismiss them .\\nWashington , Feb. 9\\n-- President Kennedy today proposed a mammoth new medical care program whereby social security taxes on 70 million American workers would be raised to pay the hospital and some other medical bills of 14.2 million Americans over 65 who are covered by social security or railroad retirement programs .\\nThe President , in a special message to Congress , tied in with his aged care plan requests for large federal grants to finance medical and dental scholarships , build 20 new medical and 20 new dental schools , and expand child health care and general medical research .\\nThe aged care plan , similar to one the President sponsored last year as a senator , a fight on Capitol hill .\\nIt was defeated in Congress last year .\\nCost up to $37 a year\\nIt would be financed by boosting the social security payroll tax by as much as $37 a year for each of the workers now paying such taxes .\\nThe social security payroll tax is now 6 per cent -- 3 per cent on each worker and employer -- on the first $4,800 of pay per year .\\nThe Kennedy plan alone would boost the base to $5,000 a year and the payroll tax to 6.5 per cent -- 3.25 per cent each .\\nSimilar payroll tax boosts would be imposed on those under the railroad retirement system .\\nThe payroll tax would actually rise to 7.5 per cent starting Jan. 1 , 1963 , if the plan is approved , because the levy is already scheduled to go up by 1 per cent on that date to pay for other social security costs .\\nOutlays would increase\\nOfficials estimated the annual tax boost for the medical plan would amount to 1.5 billion dollars and that medical benefits paid out would run 1 billion or more in the first year , 1963 .\\nBoth figures would go higher in later years .\\nOther parts of the Kennedy health plan would entail federal grants of 750 million to 1 billion dollars over the next 10 years .\\nThese would be paid for out of general , not payroll , taxes .\\nNursing home care\\nThe aged care plan carries these benefits for persons over 65 who are under the social security and railroad retirement systems : 1\\nFull payment of hospital bills for stays up to 90 days for each illness , except that the patient would pay $10 a day of the cost for the first nine days .\\n2\\nFull payment of nursing home bills for up to 180 days following discharge from a hospital .\\nA patient could receive up to 300 days paid-for nursing home care under a `` unit formula '' allowing more of such care for those who use none or only part of the hospital-care credit .\\n3\\nHospital outpatient clinic diagnostic service for all costs in excess of $20 a patient .\\n4\\nCommunity visiting nurse services at home for up to 240 days an illness .\\nThe President noted that Congress last year passed a law providing grants to states to help pay medical bills of the needy aged .\\nCalls proposal modest\\nHe said his plan is designed to `` meet the needs of those millions who have no wish to receive care at the taxpayers' expense , but who are nevertheless staggered by the drain on their savings -- or those of their children -- caused by an extended hospital stay '' .\\n`` This is a very modest proposal cut to meet absolutely essential needs '' , he said , `` and with sufficient ' deductible ' requirements to discourage any malingering or unnecessary overcrowding of our hospitals .\\n`` This is not a program of socialized medicine .\\nIt is a program of prepayment of health costs with absolute freedom of choice guaranteed .\\nEvery person will choose his own doctor and hospital '' .\\nWouldn't pay doctors\\nThe plan does not cover doctor bills .\\nThey would still be paid by the patient .\\nApart from the aged care plan the President's most ambitious and costly proposals were for federal scholarships , and grants to build or enlarge medical and dental schools .\\nThe President said the nation's 92 medical and 47 dental schools cannot now handle the student load needed to meet the rising need for health care .\\nMoreover , he said , many qualified young people are not going into medicine and dentistry because they can't afford the schooling costs .\\nContributions to schools\\nThe scholarship plan would provide federal contributions to each medical and dental school equal to $1,500 a year for one-fourth of the first year students .\\nThe schools could use the money to pay 4-year scholarships , based on need , of up to $2,000 a year per student .\\nIn addition , the government would pay a $1,000 `` cost of education '' grant to the schools for each $1,500 in scholarship grants .\\nOfficials estimated the combined programs would cost 5.1 million dollars the first year and would go up to 21 millions by 1966 .\\nThe President recommended federal `` matching grants '' totaling 700 million dollars in 10 years for constructing new medical and dental schools or enlarging the capacity of existing ones .\\nMore for nursing homes\\nIn the area of `` community health services '' , the President called for doubling the present 10 million dollar a year federal grants for nursing home construction .\\nHe asked for another 10 million dollar `` initial '' appropriation for `` stimulatory grants '' to states to improve nursing homes .\\nHe further proposed grants of an unspecified sum for experimental hospitals .\\nIn the child health field , the President said he will recommend later an increase in funds for programs under the children's bureau .\\nHe also asked Congress to approve establishment of a national child health institute .\\nAsks research funds\\nThe President said he will ask Congress to increase grants to states for vocational rehabilitation .\\nHe did not say by how much .\\nFor medical research he asked a 20 million dollar a year increase , from 30 to 50 millions , in matching grants for building research facilities .\\nThe President said he will also propose increasing , by an unspecified amount , the 540 million dollars in the 1961-62 budget for direct government research in medicine .\\nThe President said his proposals combine the `` indispensable elements in a sound health program -- people , knowledge , services , facilities , and the means to pay for them '' .\\nReaction as expected\\nCongressional reaction to the message was along expected lines .\\nLegislators who last year opposed placing aged-care under the social security system criticized the President's plan .\\nThose who backed a similar plan last year hailed the message .\\nSenate Republican Leader Dirksen ( Ill. ) and House Republican Leader Charles Halleck ( Ind. ) said the message did not persuade them to change their opposition to compulsory medical insurance .\\nHalleck said the voluntary care plan enacted last year should be given a fair trial first .\\nHouse Speaker Sam Rayburn ( D. , Tex. ) called the Kennedy program `` a mighty fine thing '' , but made no prediction on its fate in the House .\\nWashington , Feb. 9\\n-- Acting hastily under White House pressure , the Senate tonight confirmed Robert C. Weaver as the nation's federal housing chief .\\nOnly 11 senators were on the floor and there was no record vote .\\nA number of scattered `` ayes '' and `` noes '' was heard .\\nCustomary Senate rules were ignored in order to speed approval of the Negro leader as administrator of the housing and home finance agency .\\nIn the last eight years , all Presidential appointments , including those of cabinet rank , have been denied immediate action because of a Senate rule requiring at least a 24 hour delay after they are reported to the floor .\\nEnforce by demand\\nThe rule was enforced by demand of Sen. Wayne Morse ( D. , Ore. ) in connection with President Eisenhower's cabinet selections in 1953 and President Kennedy's in 1961 .\\nOslo\\nThe most positive element to emerge from the Oslo meeting of North Atlantic Treaty Organization Foreign Ministers has been the freer , franker , and wider discussions , animated by much better mutual understanding than in past meetings .\\nThis has been a working session of an organization that , by its very nature , can only proceed along its route step by step and without dramatic changes .\\nIn Oslo , the ministers have met in a climate of candor , and made a genuine attempt to get information and understanding one another's problems .\\nThis atmosphere of understanding has been particularly noticeable where relations are concerned between the `` colonialist '' powers and those who have never , or not for a long time , had such problems .\\nThe nightmare of a clash between those in trouble in Africa , exacerbated by the difficulties , changes , and tragedies facing them , and other allies who intellectually and emotionally disapprove of the circumstances that have brought these troubles about , has been conspicuous by its absence .\\nExplosion avoided\\nIn the case of Portugal , which a few weeks ago was rumored ready to walk out of the NATO Council should critics of its Angola policy prove harsh , there has been a noticeable relaxation of tension .\\nThe general , remarkably courteous , explanation has left basic positions unchanged , but there has been no explosion in the council .\\nThere should even be no more bitter surprises in the UN General Assembly as to NATO members' votes , since a new ad hoc NATO committee has been set up so that in the future such topics as Angola will be discussed in advance .\\nCanada alone has been somewhat out of step with the Oslo attempt to get all the allied cars back on the track behind the NATO locomotive .\\nEven Norway , despite daily but limited manifestations against atomic arms in the heart of this northernmost capital of the alliance , is today closer to the NATO line .\\nOn the negative side of the balance sheet must be set some disappointment that the United States leadership has not been as much in evidence as hoped for .\\nOne diplomat described the tenor of Secretary of State Dean Rusk's speeches as `` inconclusive '' .\\nBut he hastened to add that , if United States policies were not always clear , despite Mr. Rusk's analysis of the various global danger points and setbacks for the West , this may merely mean the new administration has not yet firmly fixed its policy .\\nExploratory mood\\nA certain vagueness may also be caused by tactical appreciation of the fact that the present council meeting is a semipublic affair , with no fewer than six Soviet correspondents accredited .\\nThe impression has nevertheless been given during these three days , despite Mr. Rusk's personal popularity , that the United States delegation came to Oslo in a somewhat tentative and exploratory frame of mind , more ready to listen and learn than to enunciate firm policy on a global scale with detailed application to individual danger spots .\\nThe Secretary of State himself , in his first speech , gave some idea of the tremendous march of events inside and outside the United States that has preoccupied the new administration in the past four months .\\nBut where the core of NATO is concerned , the Secretary of State has not only reiterated the United States' profound attachment to the alliance , `` cornerstone '' of its foreign policy , but has announced that five nuclear submarines will eventually be at NATO's disposal in European waters .\\nThe Secretary of State has also solemnly repeated a warning to the Soviet Union that the United States will not stand for another setback in Berlin , an affirmation once again taken up by the council as a whole .\\nConflict surveyed\\nThe secretary's greatest achievement is perhaps the rekindling of NATO realization that East-West friction , wherever it take place around the globe , is in essence the general conflict between two entirely different societies , and must be treated as such without regard to geographical distance or lack of apparent connection .\\nThe annual spring meeting has given an impetus in three main directions : more , deeper , and more timely political consultation within the alliance , the use of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( when ratified ) as a method of coordinating aid to the underdeveloped countries , and the need for strengthening conventional forces as well as the maintenance of the nuclear deterrent .\\nThis increase in the `` threshold '' , as the conventional forces strengthening is called , will prove one of the alliance's most difficult problems in the months to come .\\nEach ally will have to carry out obligations long since laid down , but never completely fulfilled .\\nWashington\\nThe Kennedy administration moves haltingly toward a Geneva conference on Laos just as serious debate over its foreign policy erupts for the first time .\\nThere is little optimism here that the Communists will be any more docile at the conference table than they were in military actions on the ground in Laos .\\nThe United States , State Department officials explain , now is mainly interested in setting up an international inspection system which will prevent Laos from being used as a base for Communist attacks on neighboring Thailand and South Viet Nam .\\nThey count on the aid of the neutral countries attending the Geneva conference to achieve this .\\nThe United States hopes that any future Lao Cabinet would not become Communist dominated .\\nBut it is apparent that no acceptable formula has been found to prevent such a possibility .\\nPolicies modified\\nThe inclination here is to accept a de facto cease-fire in Laos , rather than continue to insist on a verification of the cease-fire by the international control commission before participating in the Geneva conference .\\nThis is another of the modifications of policy on Laos that the Kennedy administration has felt compelled to make .\\nIt excuses these actions as being the chain reaction to basic errors made in the previous administration .\\nIts spokesmen insist that there has not been time enough to institute reforms in military and economic aid policies in the critical areas .\\nBut with the months moving on -- and the immediate confrontations with the Communists showing no gain for the free world -- the question arises :\\nHow effective have Kennedy administration first foreign policy decisions been in dealing with Communist aggression ? ?\\nFormer Vice-President Richard M. Nixon in Detroit called for a firmer and tougher policy toward the Soviet Union .\\nHe was critical of what he feels is President Kennedy's tendency to be too conciliatory .\\nGOP restrained\\nIt does not take a Gallup poll to find out that most Republicans in Congress feel this understates the situation as Republicans see it .\\nThey can hardly restrain themselves from raising the question of whether Republicans , if they had been in power , would have made `` amateurish and monumental blunders '' in Cuba .\\nOne Republican senator told this correspondent that he was constantly being asked why he didn't attack the Kennedy administration on this score .\\nHis reply , he said , was that he agreed to the need for unity in the country now .\\nBut he further said that it was better politics to let others question the wisdom of administration policies first .\\nThe Republicans some weeks ago served notice through Senator Thruston B. Morton ( R ) of Kentucky , chairman of the Republican National Committee , that the Kennedy administration would be held responsible if the outcome in Laos was a coalition government susceptible of Communist domination .\\nKennedy administration policies also have been assailed now from another direction by 70 Harvard , Boston University , Brandeis , and Massachusetts Institute of Technology educators .\\nDetente urged\\nThis group pleads with the administration to `` give no further support for the invasion of Cuba by exile groups '' .\\nIt recommends that the United States `` seek instead to detach the Castro regime from the Communist bloc by working for a diplomatic detente and a resumption of trade relations ; ;\\nand concentrate its constructive efforts on eliminating in other parts of Latin America the social conditions on which totalitarian nationalism feeds '' .\\nMr. Nixon , for his part , would oppose intervention in Cuba without specific provocation .\\nBut he did recommend that President Kennedy state clearly that if Communist countries shipped any further arms to Cuba that it would not be tolerated .\\nUntil the Cuban fiasco and the Communist military victories in Laos , almost any observer would have said that President Kennedy had blended a program that respected , generally , the opinions voiced both by Mr. Nixon and the professors .\\nAid plans revamped\\nVery early in his administration he informed the Kremlin through diplomatic channels , a high official source disclosed , that the new administration would react even tougher than the Eisenhower administration would during the formative period of the administration .\\nStrenuous efforts were made to remove pin pricking from administration statements .\\nPolicies on nuclear test ban negotiations were reviewed and changed .\\nBut thus far there has been no response in kind .\\nForeign aid programs were revamped to give greater emphasis to economic aid and to encourage political reform in recipient nations .\\nIn Laos , the administration looked at the Eisenhower administration efforts to show determination by sailing a naval fleet into Southeast Asian waters as a useless gesture .\\nAgain and again it asked the Communists to `` freeze '' the military situation in Laos .\\nBut the Communists aided the Pathet Lao at an even faster rate .\\nAnd after several correspondents went into Pathet Lao territory and exposed the huge build-up , administration spokesmen acclaimed them for performing a `` great service '' and laid the matter before the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization .\\nSEATO was steamed up and prepared contingency plans for coping with the military losses in Laos .\\nBut the Communists never gave sufficient provocation at any one time for the United States to want to risk a limited or an all-out war over Laos .\\n( Some SEATO nations disagreed , however .\\n)\\nThere was the further complication that the administration had very early concluded that Laos was ill suited to be an ally , unlike its more determined neighbors , Thailand and South Viet Nam .\\nThe administration declared itself in favor of a neutralized Laos .\\nThe pro-Western government , which the United States had helped in a revolt against the Souvanna Phouma `` neutralist '' government , never did appear to spark much fighting spirit in the Royal Lao Army .\\nThere certainly was not any more energy displayed after it was clear the United States would not back the pro-Western government to the hilt .\\nIf the administration ever had any ideas that it could find an acceptable alternative to Prince Souvanna Phouma , whom it felt was too trusting of Communists , it gradually had to relinquish them .\\nOne factor was the statement of Senator J. W. Fulbright ( D ) of Arkansas , chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee .\\nHe declared on March 25 that the United States had erred a year and a half ago by `` encouraging the removal '' of Prince Souvanna .\\nWashington\\nThe White House is taking extraordinary steps to check the rapid growth of juvenile delinquency in the United States .\\nThe President is deeply concerned over this problem and its effect upon the `` vitality of the nation '' .\\nIn an important assertion of national leadership in this field , he has issued an executive order establishing the President's committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Crime , to be supported and assisted by a Citizens Advisory Council of recognized authorities on juvenile problems .\\nThe President asks the support and cooperation of Congress in his efforts through the enactment of legislation to provide federal grants to states for specified efforts in combating this disturbing crime trend .\\nOffenses multiply\\nThe President has also called upon the Attorney General , the Secretary of Health , Education and Welfare , and the Secretary of Labor to coordinate their efforts `` in the development of a program of federal leadership to assist states and local communities in their efforts to cope with the problem .\\nSimultaneously the President announced Thursday the appointment of David L. Hackett , a special assistant to the Attorney General , as executive director of the new Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime .\\nHis sense of urgency in this matter stems from the fact that court cases and juvenile arrests have more than doubled since 1948 , each year showing an increase in offenders .\\nAmong arrests reported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation in 1959 , about half for burglary and larceny involved persons under 18 years of age .\\nEast Providence should organize its civil defense setup and begin by appointing a full-time director , Raymond H. Hawksley , the present city CD head , believes .\\nMr. Hawksley said yesterday he would be willing to go before the city council `` or anyone else locally '' to outline his proposal at the earliest possible time .\\nEast Providence now has no civil defense program .\\nMr. Hawksley , the state's general treasurer , has been a part-time CD director in the city for the last nine years .\\nHe is not interested in being named a full-time director .\\nNoting that President Kennedy has handed the Defense Department the major responsibility for the nation's civil defense program , Mr. Hawksley said the federal government would pay half the salary of a full-time local director .\\nHe expressed the opinion the city could hire a CD director for about $3,500 a year and would only have to put up half that amount on a matching fund basis to defray the salary costs .\\nMr. Hawksley said he believed there are a number of qualified city residents who would be willing to take the full-time CD job .\\nOne of these men is former Fire Chief John A. Laughlin , he said .\\nAlong with a director , the city should provide a CD headquarters so that pertinent information about the local organization would be centralized .\\nMr. Hawksley said .\\nOne advantage that would come to the city in having a full-time director , he said , is that East Providence would become eligible to apply to the federal government for financial aid in purchasing equipment needed for a sound civil defense program .\\nMatching funds also can be obtained for procurement of such items as radios , sirens and rescue trucks , he said .\\nMr. Hawksley believes that East Providence could use two more rescue trucks , similar to the CD vehicle obtained several years ago and now detailed to the Central Fire Station .\\nHe would assign one of the rescue trucks to the Riverside section of the city and the other to the Rumford area .\\nSpeaking of the present status of civil defense in the city , Mr. Hawksley said he would be willing to bet that not more than one person in a hundred would know what to do or where to go in the event of an enemy attack .\\nThe Narragansett Race Track grounds is one assembly point , he said , and a drive-in theater in Seekonk would be another .\\nRiverside residents would go to the Seekonk assembly point .\\nMr. Hawksley said he was not critical of city residents for not knowing what to do or where to assemble in case of an air attack .\\nSuch vital information , he said , has to be made available to the public frequently and at regular intervals for residents to know .\\nIf the city council fails to consider appointment of a full-time CD director , Mr. Hawksley said , then he plans to call a meeting early in September so that a civil defense organization will be developed locally .\\nOne of the first things he would do , he said , would be to organize classes in first aid .\\nOther steps would be developed after information drifts down to the local level from the federal government .\\nRhode Island is going to examine its Sunday sales law with possible revisions in mind .\\nGovernor Notte said last night he plans to name a committee to make the study and come up with recommendations for possible changes in time for the next session of the General Assembly .\\nThe governor's move into the so-called `` blue law '' controversy came in the form of a letter to Miss Mary R. Grant , deputy city clerk of Central Falls .\\nA copy was released to the press .\\nMr. Notte was responding to a resolution adopted by the Central Falls City Council on July 10 and sent to the state house by Miss Grant .\\nThe resolution urges the governor to have a complete study of the Sunday sales laws made with an eye to their revision at the next session of the legislature .\\nWhile the city council suggested that the Legislative Council might perform the review , Mr. Notte said that instead he will take up the matter with Atty. Gen. J. Joseph Nugent to get `` the benefit of his views '' .\\nHe will then appoint the study committee with Mr. Nugent's cooperation , the governor said .\\n`` I would expect the proposed committee to hold public hearings '' , Mr. Notte said , `` to obtain the views of the general public and religious , labor and special-interest groups affected by these laws '' .\\nThe governor wrote Miss Grant that he has been concerned for some time `` with the continuous problem which confronts our local and state law enforcement officers as a result of the laws regulating Sunday sales '' .\\nThe attorney general has advised local police that it is their duty to enforce the blue laws .\\nShould there be evidence they are shirking , he has said , the state police will step into the situation .\\nThere has been more activity across the state line in Massachusetts than in Rhode Island in recent weeks toward enforcement of the Sunday sales laws .\\nThe statutes , similar in both the Bay State and Rhode Island and dating back in some instances to colonial times , severely limit the types of merchandise that may be sold on the Sabbath .\\nThe Central Falls City Council expressed concern especially that more foods be placed on the eligible list and that neighborhood grocery and variety stores be allowed to do business on Sunday .\\nThe only day they `` have a chance to compete with large supermarkets is on Sunday '' , the council's resolution said .\\nThe small shops `` must be retained , for they provide essential service to the community '' , according to the resolution , which added that they `` also are the source of livelihood for thousands of our neighbors '' .\\nIt declares that Sunday sales licenses provide `` great revenue '' to the local government .\\nThe council advised the governor that `` large supermarkets , factory outlets and department stores not be allowed to do business '' on Sunday .\\nThey `` operate on a volume basis '' , it was contended , `` and are not essential to provide the more limited but vital shopping needs of the community '' .\\nLiberals and conservatives in both parties -- Democratic and Republican -- should divorce themselves and form two independent parties , George H. Reama , nationally known labor-management expert , said here yesterday .\\nMr. Reama told the Rotary Club of Providence at its luncheon at the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel that about half of the people in the country want the `` welfare '' type of government and the other half want a free enterprise system .\\nHe suggested that a regrouping of forces might allow the average voter a better pull at the right lever for him on election day .\\nHe said he was `` confessing that I was a member of the Socialist Party in 1910 '' .\\nThat , he added , was when he was `` a very young man , a machinist and toolmaker by trade .\\n`` That was before I studied law .\\nSome of my fellow workers were grooming me for an office in the Socialist Party .\\nThe lawyer with whom I studied law steered me off the Socialist track .\\nHe steered me to the right track -- the free enterprise track '' .\\nHe said that when he was a Socialist in 1910 , the party called for government operation of all utilities and the pooling of all resources .\\nHe suggested that without the Socialist Party ever gaining a national victory , most of its original program has come to pass under both major parties .\\nMr. Reama , who retired as vice president of the American Screw Co. in 1955 said , `` Both parties in the last election told us that we need a five per cent growth in the gross national product -- but neither told us how to achieve it '' .\\nHe said he favors wage increases for workers -- `` but manufacturers are caught in a profit squeeze '' -- and raises should only come when the public is conditioned to higher prices , he added .\\nIndicating the way in which he has turned his back on his 1910 philosophy , Mr. Reama said : `` A Socialist is a person who believes in dividing everything he does not own '' .\\nMr. Reama , far from really being retired , is engaged in industrial relations counseling .\\nA petition bearing the signatures of more than 1,700 Johnston taxpayers was presented to the town council last night as what is hoped will be the first step in obtaining a home rule charter for the town .\\nWilliam A. Martinelli , chairman of the Citizens Group of Johnston , transferred the petitions from his left hand to his right hand after the council voted to accept them at the suggestion of Council President Raymond Fortin Sr. .\\nThe law which governs home rule charter petitions states that they must be referred to the chairman of the board of canvassers for verification of the signatures within 10 days and Mr. Martinelli happens to hold that post .\\nMr. Martinelli explained that there should be more than enough signatures to assure the scheduling of a vote on the home rule charter and possible election of a nine member charter commission within 70 days .\\nHe explained that by law the council must establish procedures for a vote on the issue within 60 days after the board of canvassers completes its work .\\nA difference of opinion arose between Mr. Martinelli and John P. Bourcier , town solicitor , over the exact manner in which the vote is handled .\\nMr. Martinelli has , in recent weeks , been of the opinion that a special town meeting would be called for the vote , while Mr. Bourcier said that a special election might be called instead .\\nMr. Bourcier said that he had consulted several Superior Court justices in the last week and received opinions favoring both procedures .\\nHe assured Mr. Martinelli and the council that he would study the correct method and report back to the council as soon as possible .\\nMr. Martinelli said yesterday that the Citizens Group of Johnston will meet again July 24 to plan further strategy in the charter movement .\\nHe said that the group has no candidates for the charter commission in mind at present , but that it will undoubtedly endorse candidates when the time comes .\\n`` After inspiring this , I think we should certainly follow through on it '' , he declared .\\n`` It has become our responsibility and I hope that the Citizens Group will spearhead the movement '' .\\nHe said he would not be surprised if some of the more than 30 members of the group are interested in running on the required non-partisan ballot for posts on the charter commission .\\n`` Our most immediate goal is to increase public awareness of the movement '' , he indicated , `` and to tell them what this will mean for the town '' .\\nHe expects that if the present timetable is followed a vote will be scheduled during the last week in September .\\nSome opposition to the home rule movement started to be heard yesterday , with spokesmen for the town's insurgent Democratic leadership speaking out against the home rule charter in favor of the model municipal league charter .\\nIncreasing opposition can be expected in coming weeks , it was indicated .\\nMisunderstanding of the real meaning of a home rule charter was cited as a factor which has caused the Citizens Group to obtain signatures under what were termed `` false pretenses '' .\\nSeveral signers affixed their names , it was learned , after being told that no tax increase would be possible without consent of the General Assembly and that a provision could be included in the charter to have the town take over the Johnston Sanitary District sewer system .\\nAction on a new ordinance permitting motorists who plead guilty to minor traffic offenses to pay fines at the local police station may be taken at Monday's special North Providence Town Council meeting .\\nCouncil president Frank SanAntonio said yesterday he may ask the council to formally request Town Solicitor Michael A. Abatuno to draft the ordinance .\\nAt the last session of the General Assembly , the town was authorized to adopt such an ordinance as a means of making enforcement of minor offenses more effective .\\nNothing has been done yet to take advantage of the enabling legislation .\\nAt present all offenses must be taken to Sixth District Court for disposition .\\nLocal police have hesitated to prosecute them because of the heavy court costs involved even for the simplest offense .\\nPlainfield\\n-- James P. Mitchell and Sen. Walter H. Jones R-Bergen , last night disagreed on the value of using as a campaign issue a remark by Richard J. Hughes , Democratic gubernatorial candidate , that the GOP is `` Campaigning on the carcass of Eisenhower Republicanism '' .\\nMitchell was for using it , Jones against , and Sen. Wayne Dumont Jr. R-Warren did not mention it when the three Republican gubernatorial candidates spoke at staggered intervals before 100 persons at the Park Hotel .\\nThe controversial remark was first made Sunday by Hughes at a Westfield Young Democratic Club cocktail party at the Scotch Plains Country Club .\\nIt was greeted with a chorus of boos by 500 women in Trenton Monday at a forum of the State Federation of Women's Clubs .\\nHughes said Monday , `` It is the apparent intention of the Republican Party to campaign on the carcass of what they call Eisenhower Republicanism , but the heart stopped beating and the lifeblood congealed after Eisenhower retired .\\nNow he's gone , the Republican Party is not going to be able to sell the tattered remains to the people of the state '' .\\nSunday he had added , `` We can love Eisenhower the man , even if we considered him a mediocre president but there is nothing left of the Republican Party without his leadership '' .\\nMitchell said the statement should become a major issue in the primary and the fall campaign .\\n`` How can a man with any degree of common decency charge this '' ? ?\\nHe asked .\\nThe former secretary of labor said he was proud to be an Eisenhower Republican `` and proud to have absorbed his philosophy '' while working in his adminstration .\\nMitchell said the closeness of the outcome in last fall's Presidential election did not mean that Eisenhower Republicanism was a dead issue .\\nRegrets attack\\nJones said he regretted Hughes had made a personal attack on a past president .\\n`` He is wrong to inject Eisenhower into this campaign '' , he said , `` because the primary is being waged on state issues and I will not be forced into re-arguing an old national campaign '' .\\nThe audience last night did not respond with either applause or boos to mention of Hughes' remark .\\nDumont spoke on the merit of having an open primary .\\nHe then launched into what the issues should be in the campaign .\\nState aid to schools , the continuance of railroad passenger service , the proper uses of surplus funds of the Port of New York Authority , and making New Jersey attractive to new industry .\\nDecries joblessness\\nMitchell decried the high rate of unemployment in the state and said the Meyner administration and the Republican-controlled State Senate `` Must share the blame for this '' .\\nNoting that Plainfield last year had lost the Mack Truck Co. plant , he said industry will not come into this state until there is tax reform .\\n`` But I am not in favor of a sales or state income tax at this time '' , Mitchell said .\\nJones , unhappy that the candidates were limited to eight minutes for a speech and no audience questions , saved his barbs for Mitchell .\\nHe said Mitchell is against the centralization of government in Washington but looks to the Kennedy Administration for aid to meet New Jersey school and transportation crises .\\n`` He calls for help while saying he is against centralization , but you can't have it both ways '' , Jones said .\\nThe state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes whether on utilities , real estate or motor vehicles , he said , `` and I challenge Mitchell to tell the people where he stands on the tax issue '' .\\nDefends Ike\\nEarlier , Mitchell said in a statement :\\n`` I think that all Americans will resent deeply the statements made about President Eisenhower by Richard J. Hughes .\\nHis reference to ' discredited carcass ' or ' tattered remains ' of the president's leadership is an insult to the man who led our forces to victory in the greatest war in all history , to the man who was twice elected overwhelmingly by the American people as president of the United States , and who has been the symbol to the world of the peace-loving intentions of the free nations .\\n`` I find it hard to understand how anyone seeking a position in public life could demonstrate such poor judgment and bad taste .\\n`` Such a vicious statement can only have its origin in the desire of a new political candidate to try to make his name known by condemning a man of world stature .\\nIt can only rebound to Mr. Hughes' discredit '' .\\nSees Jones ahead\\nSen. Charles W. Sandman , R-Cape May , said today Jones will run well ahead of his GOP opponents for the gubernatorial nomination .\\nSandman , state campaign chairman for Jones , was addressing a meeting in the Military Park Hotel , Newark , of Essex County leaders and campaign managers for Jones .\\nSandman told the gathering that reports from workers on a local level all over the state indicate that Jones will be chosen the Republican Party's nominee with the largest majority given a candidate in recent years .\\nSandman said : `` The announcement that Sen. Clifford Case Aj , has decided to spend all his available time campaigning for Mr. Mitchell is a dead giveaway .\\nIt is a desperate effort to prop up a sagging candidate who has proven he cannot answer any questions about New Jersey's problems .\\n`` We have witnessed in this campaign the effort to project Mr. Mitchell as the image of a unity candidate from Washington .\\nThat failed .\\n`` We are now witnessing an effort to transfer to Mr. Mitchell some of the glow of Sen. Case's candidacy of last year .\\nThat , too , will fail '' .\\nSandman announced the appointment of Mrs. Harriet Copeland Greenfield of 330 Woodland Ave. , Westfield , as state chairman of the Republican Women for Jones Committee .\\nMrs. Greenfield is president of the Westfield Women's Republican Club and is a Westfield county committeewoman .\\nCounty Supervisor Weldon R. Sheets , who is a candidate for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination , today called for an end to paper ballots in those counties in the state which still use them .\\nThe proposal , Sheets said , represents part of his program for election reforms necessary to make democracy in New Jersey more than a `` lip service word '' .\\nSheets said that his proposed law would offer state financing aid for the purchase of voting machines , enabling counties to repay the loan over a 10-year period without interest or charge .\\nSheets added that he would ask for exclusive use of voting machines in the state by January , 1964 .\\nAlthough he pointed out that mandatory legislation impinging on home rule is basically distasteful , he added that the vital interest in election results transcended county lines .\\nThe candidacy of Mayor James J. Sheeran of West Orange , for the Republican nomination for sheriff of Essex County , was supported today by Edward W. Roos , West Orange public safety commissioner .\\nSheeran , a lawyer and former FBI man is running against the Republican organization's candidate , Freeholder William MacDonald , for the vacancy left by the resignation of Neil Duffy , now a member of the State Board of Tax Appeals .\\n`` My experience as public safety commissioner '' , Roos said , `` has shown me that the office of sheriff is best filled by a man with law enforcement experience , and preferably one who is a lawyer .\\nJim Sheeran fits that description '' .\\nTrenton\\n-- William J. Seidel , state fire warden in the Department of Conservation and Economic Development , has retired after 36 years of service .\\nA citation from Conservation Commissioner Salvatore A. Bontempo credits his supervision with a reduction in the number of forest fires in the state .\\nSeidel joined the department in 1925 as a division fire warden after graduation in 1921 from the University of Michigan with a degree in forestry and employment with private lumber companies .\\nIn October 1944 , he was appointed state warden and chief of the Forest Fire Section .\\nUnder his supervision , the state fire-fighting agency developed such techniques as plowing of fire lines and established a fleet of tractor plows and tractor units for fire fighting .\\nHe also expanded and modernized the radio system with a central control station .\\nHe introduced regular briefing sessions for district fire wardens and first aid training for section wardens .\\nHe is credited with setting up an annual co-operative fire prevention program in co-operation with the Red Cross and State Department of Education .\\nBoonton\\n-- Richard J. Hughes made his Morris County debut in his bid for the Democratic gubernatorial nomination here last night with a pledge `` to carry the issues to every corner of the state '' .\\nHe promised nearly 200 Democratic county committee members at the meeting in the Puddingstone Inn : `` When I come back here after the November election you'll think , ' You're my man -- you're the kind of governor we're glad we elected ' '' .\\nHe said , `` We Democrats must resolve our issues on the test of what is right and just , and not what is expedient at the time '' .\\nAttacks Republicans\\nIn his only attack on the Republicans , Hughes said , `` The three Republican candidates for governor are tripping over their feet for popular slogans to win the primary .\\nBut we'll have a liberal , well planned , forward looking , honest platform .\\nWe'll not talk out of one side of our mouth in Morris County and out of the other side in Hudson .\\n`` We'll take the truth to the people , and the people will like the truth and elect their candidate and party in November '' .\\nHe said , `` You can see signs of the Republicans' feeble attack on the Meyner administration .\\nBut I shall campaign on the Meyner record to meet the needs of the years ahead '' .\\nHe urged New Jersey to `` become a full partner in the courageous actions of President Kennedy '' .\\nHe called for a greater attraction of industry and a stop to the piracy of industry by Southern states , and a strong fight against discrimination in business and industry .\\n`` We must keep the bloodstream of New Jersey clean '' , the former Superior Court judge said .\\n`` To prevent hoodlums from infiltrating the state as they did in the Republican administration in the early 1940s '' .\\nCalling the Democrats the `` party that lives , breathes and thinks for the good of the people '' , Hughes asked , `` a representative Democratic vote in the primary for a springboard toward victory in November '' .\\nHughes supported Gov. Meyner's `` Green Acres '' plan for saving large tracts of open land from the onrush of urban development .\\nHe said legislation for a $60 million bond issue to underwrite the program is expected to be introduced Monday .\\nConservation plan\\nThe plan will provide $45 million for purchase of open land by the state .\\nThe other $15 million is to be alloted to municipalities on a matching fund basis .\\nHughes said , `` This is not a plan to conquer space -- but to conserve it '' , pointing out the state population has increased 125,000 each year since 1950 .\\nHe said `` Morris County is rapidly changing and unless steps are taken to preserve the green areas , there will be no land left to preserve '' .\\nHughes would not comment on tax reforms or other issues in which the Republican candidates are involved .\\nHe said no matter what stand he takes it would be misconstrued that he was sympathetic to one or the other of the Republicans .\\n`` After the primary '' , he promised , `` I'll be explicit on where I stand to bring you a strong , dynamic administration .\\nI'm not afraid to tangle with the Republican nominee '' .\\nTrenton\\n-- Fifteen members of the Republican State Committee who are retiring -- voluntarily -- this year were honored yesterday by their colleagues .\\nThe outgoing members , whose four-year terms will expire a week after the April 18 primary election , received carved wooden elephants , complete with ivory tusks , to remember the state committee by .\\nThere may be other 1961 state committee retirements come April 18 , but they will be leaving by choice of the Republican voters .\\nA special presentation was made to Mrs. Geraldine Thompson of Red Bank , who is stepping down after 35 years on the committee .\\nShe also was the original GOP national committeewoman from New Jersey in the early 1920s following adoption of the women's suffrage amendment .\\nShe served one four-year term on the national committee .\\nResentment welled up yesterday among Democratic district leaders and some county leaders at reports that Mayor Wagner had decided to seek a third term with Paul R. Screvane and Abraham D. Beame as running mates .\\nAt the same time reaction among anti-organization Democratic leaders and in the Liberal party to the Mayor's reported plan was generally favorable .\\nSome anti-organization Democrats saw in the program an opportunity to end the bitter internal fight within the Democratic party that has been going on for the last three years .\\nThe resentment among Democratic organization leaders to the reported Wagner plan was directed particularly at the Mayor's efforts to name his own running mates without consulting the leaders .\\nSome viewed this attempt as evidence that Mr. Wagner regarded himself as bigger than the party .\\nOpposition reported\\nSome Democratic district and county leaders are reported trying to induce State Controller Arthur Levitt of Brooklyn to oppose Mr. Wagner for the Mayoral nomination in the Sept. 7 Democratic primary .\\nThese contend there is a serious question as to whether Mr. Wagner has the confidence of the Democratic rank and file in the city .\\nTheir view is that last-minute changes the Mayor is proposing to make in the Democratic ticket only emphasize the weakness of his performance as Mayor .\\nIn an apparent effort to head off such a rival primary slate , Mr. Wagner talked by telephone yesterday with Representative Charles A. Buckley , the Bronx Democratic leader , and with Joseph T. Sharkey , the Brooklyn Democratic leader .\\nMayor visits Buckley\\nAs usual , he made no attempt to get in touch with Carmine G. De Sapio , the Manhattan leader .\\nHe is publicly on record as believing Mr. De Sapio should be replaced for the good of the party .\\nLast night the Mayor visited Mr. Buckley at the Bronx leader's home for a discussion of the situation .\\nApparently he believes Mr. Buckley holds the key to the Democratic organization's acceptance of his choices for running mates without a struggle .\\nIn talks with Mr. Buckley last week in Washington , the Mayor apparently received the Bronx leader's assent to dropping Controller Lawrence E. Gerosa , who lives in the Bronx , from this year's ticket .\\nBut Mr. Buckley seems to have assumed he would be given the right to pick Mr. Gerosa's successor .\\nScrevane and Beame hailed\\nThe Mayor declined in two interviews with reporters yesterday to confirm or deny the reports that he had decided to run and wanted Mr. Screvane , who lives in Queens , to replace Abe Stark , the incumbent , as the candidate for President of the City Council and Mr. Beame , who lives in Brooklyn , to replace Mr. Gerosa as the candidate for Controller .\\nThe Mayor spoke yesterday at the United Irish Counties Feis on the Hunter College Campus in the Bronx .\\nAfter his speech , reporters asked him about the report of his political intentions , published in yesterday's New York Times .\\nThe Mayor said :\\n`` It didn't come from me .\\nBut as I have said before , if I announce my candidacy , I will have something definite to say about running mates '' .\\nBoston , June 16\\n-- A wave of public resentment against corruption in government is rising in Massachusetts .\\nThere is a tangible feeling in the air of revulsion toward politics .\\nThe taxi driver taking the visitor from the airport remarks that politicians in the state are `` all the same '' .\\n`` It's ' See Joe , see Jim ' '' , he says .\\n`` The hand is out '' .\\nA political scientist writes of the growth of `` alienated voters '' , who `` believe that voting is useless because politicians or those who influence politicians are corrupt , selfish and beyond popular control .\\nThese voters view the political process as a secret conspiracy , the object of which is to plunder them '' .\\nCorruption is hardly a recent development in the city and state that were widely identified as the locale of Edwin O'Connor's novel , `` The Last Hurrah '' .\\nBut there are reasons for the current spotlight on the subject .\\nA succession of highly publicized scandals has aroused the public within the last year .\\nGraft in the construction of highways and other public works has brought on state and Federal investigations .\\nAnd the election of President Kennedy has attracted new attention to the ethical climate of his home state .\\nA reader of the Boston newspapers can hardly escape the impression that petty chicanery , or worse , is the norm in Massachusetts public life .\\nDay after day some new episode is reported .\\nThe state Public Works Department is accused of having spent $8,555 to build a private beach for a state judge on his waterfront property .\\nAn assistant attorney general is directed to investigate .\\nWashington , June 18\\n-- Congress starts another week tomorrow with sharply contrasting forecasts for the two chambers .\\nIn the Senate , several bills are expected to pass without any major conflict or opposition .\\nIn the House , the Southern-Republican coalition is expected to make another major stand in opposition to the Administration's housing bill , while more jockeying is expected in an attempt to advance the aid-to-education bill .\\nThe housing bill is now in the House Rules Committee .\\nIt is expected to be reported out Tuesday , but this is a little uncertain .\\nThe panel's action depends on the return of Representative James W. Trimble , Democrat of Arkansas , who has been siding with Speaker Sam Rayburn's forces in the Rules Committee in moving bills to the floor .\\nMr. Trimble has been in the hospital but is expected back Tuesday .\\nLeadership is hopeful\\nThe housing bill is expected to encounter strong opposition by the coalition of Southern Democrats and conservative Republicans .\\nThe Democratic leadership , however , hopes to pass it sometime this week .\\nThe $6,100,000,000 measure , which was passed last Monday by the Senate , provides for forty-year mortgages at low down-payments for moderate-income families .\\nIt also provides for funds to clear slums and help colleges build dormitories .\\nThe education bill appears to be temporarily stalled in the Rules Committee , where two Northern Democratic members who usually vote with the Administration are balking because of the religious controversy .\\nThey are James J. Delaney of Queens and Thomas P. O'Neill Jr. of Massachusetts .\\nThree groups to meet\\nWhat could rescue the bill would be some quick progress on a bill amending the National Defense Education Act of 1958 .\\nThis would provide for long-term Federal loans for construction of parochial and other private-school facilities for teaching science , languages and mathematics .\\nMr. Delaney and Mr. O'Neill are not willing to vote on the public-school measure until the defense education bill clears the House Education and Labor Committee .\\nAbout half of all Peace Corps projects assigned to voluntary agencies will be carried out by religious groups , according to an official of the corps .\\nIn the $40,000,000 budget that has been submitted for Congressional approval , $26,000,000 would be spent through universities and private voluntary agencies .\\nTwelve projects proposed by private groups are at the contract-negotiation stage , Gordon Boyce , director of relations with the voluntary agencies , said in a Washington interview .\\nSix of these were proposed by religious groups .\\nThey will be for teaching , agriculture and community development in Southeast Asia , Africa , the Middle East and Latin America .\\nQuestion raised\\nInterviews with several church leaders have disclosed that this development has raised the question whether the Peace Corps will be able to prevent confusion for church and state over methods , means and goals .\\nThere are a number of ways this could happen , the churchmen pointed out , and here is an example :\\nLast month in Ghana an American missionary discovered when he came to pay his hotel bill that the usual rate had been doubled .\\nWhen he protested , the hotel owner said :\\n`` Why do you worry ? ?\\nThe U. S. Government is paying for it .\\nThe U. S. Government pays for all its overseas workers '' .\\nMissionary explains\\n`` I don't work for the Government '' , the American said .\\n`` I'm a missionary '' .\\nThe hotel owner shrugged .\\n`` Same thing '' , he said .\\nAnd then , some churchmen remarked , there is a more classical church-state problem :\\nCan religious agencies use Government funds and Peace Corps personnel in their projects and still preserve the constitutional requirement on separation of church and state ? ?\\nR. Sargent Shriver Jr. , director of the corps , is certain that they can .\\nNo religious group , he declared in an interview , will receive Peace Corps funds unless it forswears all proselytizing on the project it proposes .\\nMoscow , June 18\\n-- At a gay party in the Kremlin for President Sukarno of Indonesia , Premier Khrushchev pulled out his pockets and said , beaming : `` Look , he took everything I had '' ! !\\nMr. Khrushchev was jesting in the expansive mood of the successful banker .\\nIndonesia is one of the twenty under-developed countries of Asia , Africa and Latin America that are receiving Soviet aid .\\nThe Soviet Union and other members of the Communist bloc are rapidly expanding their economic , technical and military assistance to the uncommitted nations .\\nThe Communist countries allocated more than $1,000,000,000 in economic aid alone last year , according to Western estimates .\\nThis was the biggest annual outlay since the Communist program for the under-developed countries made its modest beginning in 1954 .\\nIn 1960 more than 6,000 Communist technicians were present in those countries .\\nUnited Nations , N. Y. , June 18\\n-- A committee of experts has recommended that a country's population be considered in the distribution of professional posts at the United Nations .\\nThis was disclosed today by a responsible source amid intensified efforts by the Soviet Union to gain a greater role in the staff and operation of the United Nations .\\nOne effect of the proposal , which puts a premium on population instead of economic strength , as in the past , would be to take jobs from European nations and give more to such countries as India .\\nIndia is the most populous United Nations member with more than 400,000,000 inhabitants .\\nThe new formula for filling staff positions in the Secretariat is one of a number of recommendations made by a panel of eight in a long and detailed report .\\nThe report was completed after nearly eighteen months of work on the question of the organization of the United Nations .\\nFormula is due this week\\nThe Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions is expected to receive the report this week .\\nThe jobs formula is understood to follow these lines :\\nEach of the organization's ninety-nine members would get two professional posts , such as political affairs officer , a department head or an economist , to start .\\nEach member would get one post for each 10,000,000 people in its population up to 150,000,000 people or a maximum of fifteen posts .\\nEach member with a population above 150,000,000 would get one additional post for each additional 30,000,000 people up to an unspecified cut-off point .\\nGeneva , June 18\\n-- The three leaders of Laos agreed today to begin negotiations tomorrow on forming a coalition government that would unite the war-ridden kingdom .\\nThe decision was made in Zurich by Prince Boun Oum , Premier of the pro-Western royal Government ; ;\\nPrince Souvanna Phouma , leader of the nation's neutralists and recognized as Premier by the Communist bloc , and Prince Souphanouvong , head of the pro-Communist Pathet Lao forces .\\nThe latter two are half-brothers .\\nTheir joint statement was welcomed by the Western delegations who will attend tomorrow the nineteenth plenary session of the fourteen-nation conference on the future of Laos .\\nAn agreement among the Princes on a coalition government would ease their task , diplomats conceded .\\nBut no one was overly optimistic .\\nTactics studied in Geneva\\nW. Averell Harriman of the United States , Malcolm MacDonald of Britain , Maurice Couve De Murville , France's Foreign Minister , and Howard C. Green , Canada's Minister of External Affairs , concluded , meanwhile , a round of consultations here on future tactics in the conference .\\nThe pace of the talks has slowed with each passing week .\\nPrincess Moune , Prince Souvanna Phouma's young daughter , read the Princes' statement .\\nThey had a two-hour luncheon together in `` an atmosphere of cordial understanding and relaxation '' , she said .\\nThe three Laotians agreed upon a six-point agenda for their talks , which are to last three days .\\nThe Princess said it was too early to say what would be decided if no agreement was reached after three days .\\nTo deal with principles\\nThe meetings in Zurich , the statement said , would deal only with principles that would guide the three factors in their search for a coalition Government .\\nAppointment of William S. Pfaff Jr. , 41 , as promotion manager of The Times-Picayune Publishing Company was announced Saturday by John F. Tims , president of the company .\\nPfaff succeeds Martin Burke , who resigned .\\nThe new promotion manager has been employed by the company since January , 1946 , as a commercial artist in the advertising department .\\nHe is a native of New Orleans and attended Allen Elementary school , Fortier High school and Soule business college .\\nFrom June , 1942 , until December , 1945 , Pfaff served in the Army Air Corps .\\nWhile in the service he attended radio school at Scott Field in Belleville , Ill. .\\nBefore entering the service , Pfaff for five years did clerical work with a general merchandising and wholesale firm in New Orleans .\\nHe is married to the former Audrey Knecht and has a daughter , Karol , 13 .\\nThey reside at 4911 Miles Dr. .\\nWashington\\n-- Thousands of bleacher-type seats are being erected along Pennsylvania Avenue between the Capitol and the White House for the big inaugural parade on Jan. 20 .\\nAssuming the weather is halfway decent that day , hundreds of thousands of persons will mass along this thoroughfare as President John F. Kennedy and retiring President Dwight D. Eisenhower leave Capitol Hill following the oath-taking ceremonies and ride down this historic ceremonial route .\\nPennsylvania Avenue , named for one of the original 13 states , perhaps is not the most impressive street in the District of Columbia from a commercial standpoint .\\nBut from a historic viewpoint none can approach it .\\nMany buildings\\nWithin view of the avenue are some of the United States government's tremendous buildings , plus shrines and monuments .\\nOf course , 1600 Pennsylvania , the White House , is the most famous address of the free world .\\nWithin an easy walk from Capitol Hill where Pennsylvania Avenue comes together with Constitution Avenue , begins a series of great federal buildings , some a block long and all about seven-stories high .\\nGreat chapters of history have been recorded along the avenue , now about 169 years old .\\nIn the early spring of 1913 a few hundred thousand persons turned out to watch 5000 women parade .\\nThey were the suffragettes and they wanted to vote .\\nIn the 1920 presidential election they had that right and many of them did vote for the first time .\\nSeats on square\\nAlong this avenue which saw marching soldiers from the War Between the States returning in 1865 is the National Archives building where hundreds of thousands of this country's most valuable records are kept .\\nAlso the department of justice building is located where J. Edgar Hoover presides over the federal bureau of investigation .\\nStreet car tracks run down the center of Pennsylvania , powered with lines that are underground .\\nMany spectators will be occupying seats and vantage points bordering Lafayette Square , opposite the White House .\\nIn this historic square are several statues , but the one that stands out over the others is that of Gen. Andrew Jackson , hero of the Battle of New Orleans .\\nMoving past the presidential viewing stand and Lafayette Square will be at least 40 marching units .\\nAbout 16,000 military members of all branches of the armed forces will take part in the parade .\\nDivision one of the parade will be the service academies .\\nDivision two will include the representations of Massachusetts and Texas , the respective states of the President and of Vice-President L. B. Johnson .\\nThen will come nine other states in the order of their admission to the union .\\nDivision three will be headed by the Marines followed by 12 states ; ;\\ndivision four will be headed by the Navy , followed by 11 states ; ;\\ndivision five , by the Air Force followed by 11 states .\\nDivision six will be headed by the Coast Guard , followed by the reserve forces of all services , five states , Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands , Guam , American Samoa , the trust territories and the Canal Zone .\\nJackson , Miss.\\n-- What does 1961 offer in political and governmental developments in Mississippi ? ?\\nEven for those who have been observing the political scene a long time , no script from the past is worth very much in gazing into the state's immediate political future .\\nThis is largely because of the unpredictability of the man who operates the helm of the state government and is the elected leader of its two million inhabitants -- Gov. Ross Barnett .\\nBarnett , who came into office with no previous experience in public administration , has surrounded himself with confusion which not only keeps his foes guessing but his friends as well .\\nConsequently , it is uncertain after nearly 12 months in office just which direction the Barnett administration will take in the coming year .\\nCould be scramble\\nSome predict the administration will settle down during 1961 and iron out the rough edges which it has had thus far .\\nThe builtin headache of the Barnett regime thus far has been the steady stream of job-seekers and others who feel they were given commitments by Barnett at some stage of his eight-year quest for the governor's office .\\nThere are many who predict that should Barnett decide to call the Legislature back into special session , it will really throw his administration into a scramble .\\nCertainly nobody will predict that the next time the lawmakers come back together Barnett will be able to enjoy a re-enactment of the strange but successful `` honeymoon '' he had in the 1960 legislative session .\\nIf Barnett doesn't call a special session in 1961 , it will be the first year in the last decade that the Legislature has not met in regular or special session .\\nThe odds favor a special session , more than likely early in the year .\\nDistricts issue\\nLegislators always get restless for a special session ( whether for the companionship or the $22.50 per diem is not certain ) and if they start agitating .\\nBarnett is not expected to be able to withstand the pressure .\\nThe issue which may make it necessary to have a session is the highly sensitive problem of cutting the state's congressional districts from six to five to eliminate one congressional seat .\\nWith eyes focused on the third congressional district , the historic Delta district , and Congressman Frank E. Smith as the one most likely to go , the redistricting battle will put to a test the longstanding power which lawmakers from the Delta have held in the Legislature .\\nMississippi's relations with the national Democratic party will be at a crossroads during 1961 , with the first Democratic president in eight years in the White House .\\nSplit badly during the recent presidential election into almost equally divided camps of party loyalists and independents , the Democratic party in Mississippi is currently a wreck .\\nAnd there has been no effort since the election to pull it back together .\\nFuture clouded\\nBarnett , as the titular head of the Democratic party , apparently must make the move to reestablish relations with the national Democratic party or see a movement come from the loyalist ranks to completely bypass him as a party functionary .\\nWith a Democratic administration , party patronage would normally begin to flow to Mississippi if it had held its Democratic solidarity in the November election .\\nNow , the picture is clouded , and even US Sens. James O. Eastland and John C. Stennis , who remained loyal to the ticket , are uncertain of their status .\\nReports are that it is more than probable that the four congressmen from Mississippi who did not support the party ticket will be stripped of the usual patronage which flows to congressmen .\\nBaton Rouge , La.\\n-- The Gov. Jimmie H. Davis administration appears to face a difficult year in 1961 , with the governor's theme of peace and harmony subjected to severe stresses .\\nThe year will probably start out with segregation still the most troublesome issue .\\nBut it might give way shortly to another vexing issue -- that of finances in state government .\\nThe transition from segregation to finances might already be in progress , in the form of an administration proposal to hike the state sales tax from 2 per cent to 3 per cent .\\nThe administration has said the sales tax proposal is merely part of the segregation strategy , since the revenues from the increase would be dedicated to a grant in aid program .\\nBut the tardiness of the administration in making the dedication has caused legislators to suspect the tax bill was related more directly to an over-all shortage of cash than to segregation .\\nLegislators weary\\nIndeed , the administration's curious position on the sales tax was a major factor in contributing to its defeat .\\nThe administration could not say why $28 million was needed for a grant-in-aid program .\\nThe effectiveness of the governor in clearing up some of the inconsistencies revolving about the sales tax bill may play a part in determining whether it can muster the required two-thirds vote .\\nThe tax bill will be up for reconsideration Wednesday in the House when the Legislature reconvenes .\\nDavis may use the tax bill as a means to effect a transition from special sessions of the Legislature to normalcy .\\nIf it fails to pass , he can throw up his hands and say the Legislature would not support him in his efforts to prevent integration .\\nHe could terminate special sessions of the Legislature .\\nActually , Davis would have to toss in the towel soon anyway .\\nMany legislators are already weary and frustrated over the so-far losing battle to block token integration .\\nThis is not the sort of thing most politicos would care to acknowledge publicly .\\nThey would like to convey the notion something is being done , even though it is something they know to be ineffectual .\\nUnderlying concern\\nPassage of the sales tax measure would also give Davis the means to effect a transition .\\nHe could tell the Legislature they had provided the needed funds to carry on the battle .\\nThen he could tell them to go home , while the administration continued to wage the battle with the $28 million in extra revenues the sales tax measure would bring in over an eight months period .\\nIt is difficult to be certain how the administration views that $28 million , since the views of one leader may not be the same as the views of another one .\\nBut if the administration should find it does not need the $28 million for a grant-in-aid program , a not unlikely conclusion , it could very well seek a way to use the money for other purposes .\\nThis would be in perfect consonance with the underlying concern in the administration -- the shortage of cash .\\nIt could become an acute problem in the coming fiscal year .\\nIf the administration does not succeed in passing the sales tax bill , or any other tax bill , it could very well be faced this spring at the fiscal session of the Legislature with an interesting dilemma .\\nSince the constitution forbids introduction of a tax bill at a fiscal session , the administration will either have to cut down expenses or inflate its estimates of anticipated revenues .\\nConstant problem\\nIn either case , it could call a special session of the Legislature later in 1961 to make another stab at raising additional revenues through a tax raiser .\\nThe prospect of cutting back spending is an unpleasant one for any governor .\\nIt is one that most try to avoid , as long as they can see an alternative approach to the problem .\\nBut if all alternatives should be clearly blocked off , it can be expected the Davis administration will take steps to trim spending at the spring session of the state Legislature .\\nThis might be done to arouse those who have been squeezed out by the trims to exert pressure on the Legislature , so it would be more receptive to a tax proposal later in the year .\\nA constant problem confronting Davis on any proposals for new taxes will be the charge by his foes that he has not tried to economize .\\nAny tax bill also will revive allegations that some of his followers have been using their administration affiliations imprudently to profit themselves .\\nThe new year might see some house-cleaning , either genuine or token , depending upon developments , to give Davis an opportunity to combat some of these criticisms .\\nCity Controller Alexander Hemphill charged Tuesday that the bids on the Frankford Elevated repair project were rigged to the advantage of a private contracting company which had `` an inside track '' with the city .\\nEstimates of the city's loss in the $344,000 job have ranged as high as $200,000 .\\nShortcuts unnoticed\\nHemphill said that the Hughes Steel Erection Co. contracted to do the work at an impossibly low cost with a bid that was far less than the `` legitimate '' bids of competing contractors .\\nThe Hughes concern then took `` shortcuts '' on the project but got paid anyway , Hemphill said .\\nThe Controller's charge of rigging was the latest development in an investigation which also brought these disclosures Tuesday :\\nThe city has sued for the full amount of the $172,400 performance bond covering the contract .\\nThe Philadelphia Transportation Co. is investigating the part its organization played in reviewing the project .\\nThe signature of Harold V. Varani , former director of architecture and engineering in the Department of Public Property , appeared on payment vouchers certifying work on the project .\\nVarani has been fired on charges of accepting gifts from the contractor .\\nManaging Director Donald C. Wagner has agreed to cooperate fully with Hemphill after a period of sharp disagreement on the matter .\\nThe announcement that the city would sue for recovery on the performance bond was made by City Solicitor David Berger at a press conference following a meeting in the morning with Wagner and other officials of the city and the PTC as well as representatives of an engineering firm that was pulled off the El project before its completion in 1959 .\\nConcern bankrupt\\nThe Hughes company and the Consolidated Industries , Inc. , both of 3646 N. 2d St. , filed for reorganization under the Federal bankruptcy law .\\nOn Monday , the Hughes concern was formally declared bankrupt after its directors indicated they could not draw up a plan for reorganization .\\nBusiness relations between the companies and city have been under investigation by Hemphill and District Attorney James C. Crumlish , Jr. .\\nIntervenes in case\\nThe suit was filed later in the day in Common Pleas Court 7 against the Hughes company and two bonding firms .\\nTravelers Indemnity Co. and the Continental Casualty Co. .\\nAt Berger's direction , the city also intervened in the Hughes bankruptcy case in U. S. District Court in a move preliminary to filing a claim there .\\n`` I am taking the position that the contract was clearly violated '' , Berger said .\\nThe contract violations mostly involve failure to perform rehabilitation work on expansion joints along the El track .\\nThe contract called for overhauling of 102 joints .\\nThe city paid for work on 75 , of which no more than 21 were repaired , Hemphill charged .\\nWide range in bids\\nHemphill said the Hughes concern contracted to do the repairs at a cost of $500 for each joint .\\nThe bid from A. Belanger and Sons of Cambridge , Mass. , which listed the same officers as Hughes , was $600 per joint .\\nBut , Hemphill added , bids from other contractors ranged from $2400 to $3100 per joint .\\nBerger's decision to sue for the full amount of the performance bond was questioned by Wagner in the morning press conference .\\nWagner said the city paid only $37,500 to the Hughes company .\\n`` We won't know the full amount until we get a full report '' , Wagner said .\\n`` We can claim on the maximum amount of the bond '' , Berger said .\\nWagner replied , `` Can't you just see the headline : ' City Hooked for $172,000 ' '' ? ?\\n' know enough to sue '\\nBerger insisted that `` we know enough to sue for the full amount '' .\\nDouglas M. Pratt , president of the PTC , who attended the meeting , said the transit company is reviewing the work on the El .\\n`` We want to find out who knew about it '' , Pratt said .\\n`` Certain people must have known about it '' .\\n`` The PTC is investigating the whole matter '' , Pratt said .\\nSamuel D. Goodis , representing the Philadelphia Hotel Association , objected on Tuesday to a proposed boost by the city in licensing fees , saying that occupancy rates in major hotels here ranged from 48 to 74 percent last year .\\nGoodis voiced his objection before City Council's Finance Committee .\\nFor hotels with 1000 rooms , the increased license fee would mean an expense of $5000 a year , Goodis said .\\nTestifies at hearing\\nHis testimony came during a hearing on a bill raising fees for a wide variety of licenses , permits and city services .\\nThe new fees are expected to raise an additional $740,000 in the remainder of 1961 and $2,330,000 more a year after that .\\nThe ordinance would increase the fee for rooming houses , hotels and multi-family dwellings to $5 a room .\\nThe cost of a license now is $2 , with an annual renewal fee of $1 .\\nGoodis said that single rooms account for 95 percent of the accomodations in some hotels .\\nRevenue estimated\\nThe city expects the higher rooming house , hotel and apartment house fees to bring in an additional $457,000 a year .\\nThe increase also was opposed by Leonard Kaplan , spokesman for the Home Builders Association of Philadelphia , on behalf of association members who operate apartment houses .\\nA proposal to raise dog license fees drew an objection from Councilwoman Virginia Knauer , who formerly raised pedigreed dogs .\\nThe ordinance would increase fees from $1 for males and $2 for females to a flat $5 a dog .\\nCommissioner replies\\nMrs. Knauer said she did not think dog owners should be penalized for the city's services to animal care .\\nIn reply , Deputy Police Commissioner Howard R. Leary said that the city spends more than $115,000 annually to license and regulate dogs but collects only $43,000 in fees .\\nHe reported that the city's contributions for animal care included $67,000 to the Women's S.P.C.A. ; ;\\n$15,000 to pay six policemen assigned as dog catchers and $15,000 to investigate dog bites .\\nBacks higher fees\\nCity Finance Director Richard J. McConnell indorsed the higher fees , which , he said , had been under study for more than a year .\\nThe city is not adequately compensated for the services covered by the fees , he said .\\nThe new fee schedule also was supported by Commissioner of Licenses and Inspections Barnet Lieberman and Health Commissioner Eugene A. Gillis .\\nPetitions asking for a jail term for Norristown attorney Julian W. Barnard will be presented to the Montgomery County Court Friday , it was disclosed Tuesday by Horace A. Davenport , counsel for the widow of the man killed last Nov. 1 by Barnard's hit-run car .\\nThe petitions will be presented in open court to President Judge William F. Dannehower , Davenport said .\\nBarnard , who pleaded no defense to manslaughter and hit-run charges , was fined $500 by Judge Warren K. Hess , and placed on two years' probation providing he does not drive during that time .\\nHe was caught driving the day after the sentence was pronounced and given a warning .\\nVictim of the accident was Robert Lee Stansbery , 39 .\\nHis widow started the circulation of petitions after Barnard was reprimanded for violating the probation .\\nThe City Planning Commission on Tuesday approved agreements between two redevelopers and the Redevelopment Authority for the purchase of land in the $300,000,000 Eastwick Redevelopment Area project .\\nThe commission also approved a novel plan that would eliminate traffic hazards for pedestrians in the project .\\nOne of the agreements calls for the New Eastwick Corp. to purchase a 1311 acre tract for $12,192,865 .\\nThe tract is bounded by Island Ave. , Dicks Ave. , 61st St. , and Eastwick Ave. .\\nFour parks planned\\nIt is designated as Stage 1 Residential on the Redevelopment Authority's master plan and will feature row houses , garden apartments , four small parks , schools , churches , a shopping center and several small clusters of stores .\\nThe corporation was formed by the Reynolds Metal Co. and the Samuel A. and Henry A. Berger firm , a Philadelphia builder , for work in the project .\\nThe second agreement permits the authority to sell a 520-acre tract west of Stage 1 Residential to Philadelphia Builders Eastwick Corp. , a firm composed of 10 Philadelphia area builders , which is interested in developing part of the project .\\nWould bar vehicles\\nThe plan for eliminating traffic hazards for pedestrians was developed by Dr. Constantinos A. Doxiadis , former Minister of Reconstruction in Greece and a consulting planner for the New Eastwick Corp. .\\nThe plan calls for dividing the project into 16 sectors which would be barred to vehicular traffic .\\nIt provides for a series of landscaped walkways and a central esplanade that would eventually run through the center of the entire two-and-a-half-mile length of the project .\\nThe esplanade eliminates Grovers Ave. , which on original plans ran through the center of the development .\\nThe esplanade would feature pedestrian bridges over roads in the project .\\nKansas City , Mo. , Feb. 9 ( UPI )\\n-- The president of the Kansas City local of the International Association of Fire Fighters was severly injured today when a bomb tore his car apart as he left home for work .\\nBattalion Chief Stanton M. Gladden , 42 , the central figure in a representation dispute between the fire fighters association and the teamsters union , suffered multiple fractures of both ankles .\\nHe was in Baptist Memorial hospital .\\nIgnition sets off blast\\nThe battalion chief said he had just gotten into his 1958 model automobile to move it from the driveway of his home so that he could take his other car to work .\\n`` I'd just turned on the ignition when there was a big flash and I was lying on the driveway '' , he said .\\nGladden's wife and two of his sons , John , 17 , and Jim , 13 , were inside the house .\\nThe younger boy said the blast knocked him out of bed and against the wall .\\nHood flies over house\\nThe explosion sent the hood of the car flying over the roof of the house .\\nThe left front wheel landed 100 feet away .\\nPolice laboratory technicians said the explosive device , containing either TNT or nitroglycerine , was apparently placed under the left front wheel .\\nIt was first believed the bomb was rigged to the car's starter .\\nGladden had been the target of threatening telephone calls in recent months and reportedly received one last night .\\nThe fire department here has been torn for months by dissension involving top personnel and the fight between the fire fighters association and the teamsters union .\\nLed fight on teamsters\\nGladden has been an outspoken critic of the present city administration and led his union's battle against the teamsters , which began organizing city firemen in 1959 .\\nThe fire fighters association here offered a $5,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of the person or persons responsible for the bombing .\\nA $500 reward was offered by the association's local in Kansas City , Kas. .\\nThe association said it would post 24 hour guards at Gladden's home and at those of James Mining and Eugene Shiflett .\\nMining is secretary-treasurer of the local and Shiflett is a member of its executive committee .\\nBoth have been active in the association .\\nAnkara , Turkey , Oct. 24 ( AP )\\n-- Turkish political leaders bowed today to military pressure and agreed to form an emergency national front government with Gen. Cemal Gursel as president .\\nAn agreement between the leaders of four parties which contested indecisive elections on Oct. 15 was reached after almost 18 hours of political bargaining under the threat of an army coup d'etat .\\nBy-passing the military junta which has ruled Turkey since the overthrow of Premier Adnan Menderes 17 months ago , the army general staff , led by Gen. Cedvet Sunay , had set a deadline for the parties to join in a national coalition government .\\nThe army leaders threatened to form a new military government if the parties failed to sign an eight point protocol agreeing on Gen. Gursel as president .\\nGen. Gursel has headed the military junta the last 17 months .\\nThe military also had demanded pledges that there would be no changes in the laws passed by the junta and no leaders of the Menderes regime now in prison would be pardoned .\\nParty leaders came out of the final meeting apparently satisfied and stated that complete agreement had been reached on a solution to the crisis created by the elections which left no party with enough strength to form a government on its own .\\nVincent G. Ierulli has been appointed temporary assistant district attorney , it was announced Monday by Charles E. Raymond , District Attorney .\\nIerulli will replace Desmond D. Connall who has been called to active military service but is expected back on the job by March 31 .\\nIerulli , 29 , has been practicing in Portland since November , 1959 .\\nHe is a graduate of Portland University and the Northwestern College of Law .\\nHe is married and the father of three children .\\nHelping foreign countries to build a sound political structure is more important than aiding them economically , E. M. Martin , assistant secretary of state for economic affairs told members of the World Affairs Council Monday night .\\nMartin , who has been in office in Washington , D. C. , for 13 months spoke at the council's annual meeting at the Multnomah Hotel .\\nHe told some 350 persons that the United States' challenge was to help countries build their own societies their own ways , following their own paths .\\n`` We must persuade them to enjoy a way of life which , if not identical , is congenial with ours '' , he said but adding that if they do not develop the kind of society they themselves want it will lack ritiuality and loyalty .\\nPatience needed\\nInsuring that the countries have a freedom of choice , he said , was the biggest detriment to the Soviet Union .\\nHe cited East Germany where after 15 years of Soviet rule it has become necessary to build a wall to keep the people in , and added , `` so long as people rebel , we must not give up '' .\\nMartin called for patience on the part of Americans .\\n`` The countries are trying to build in a decade the kind of society we took a century to build '' , he said .\\nBy leaving our doors open the United States gives other peoples the opportunity to see us and to compare , he said .\\nIndividual help best\\n`` We have no reason to fear failure , but we must be extraordinarily patient '' , the assistant secretary said .\\nEconomically , Martin said , the United States could best help foreign countries by helping them help themselves .\\nPrivate business is more effective than government aid , he explained , because individuals are able to work with the people themselves .\\nThe United States must plan to absorb the exported goods of the country , at what he termed a `` social cost '' .\\nMartin said the government has been working to establish firmer prices on primary products which may involve the total income of one country .\\nThe Portland school board was asked Monday to take a positive stand towards developing and coordinating with Portland's civil defense more plans for the city's schools in event of attack .\\nBut there seemed to be some difference of opinion as to how far the board should go , and whose advice it should follow .\\nThe board members , after hearing the coordination plea from Mrs. Ralph H. Molvar , 1409 SW Maplecrest Dr. , said they thought they had already been cooperating .\\nChairman C. Richard Mears pointed out that perhaps this was not strictly a school board problem , in case of atomic attack , but that the board would cooperate so far as possible to get the children to where the parents wanted them to go .\\nDr. Melvin W. Barnes , superintendent , said he thought the schools were waiting for some leadership , perhaps on the national level , to make sure that whatever steps of planning they took would `` be more fruitful '' , and that he had found that other school districts were not as far along in their planning as this district .\\n`` Los Angeles has said they would send the children to their homes in case of disaster '' , he said .\\n`` Nobody really expects to evacuate .\\nI think everybody is agreed that we need to hear some voice on the national level that would make some sense and in which we would have some confidence in following .\\nMrs. Molvar , who kept reiterating her request that they `` please take a stand '' , said , `` We must have faith in somebody -- on the local level , and it wouldn't be possible for everyone to rush to a school to get their children '' .\\nDr. Barnes said that there seemed to be feeling that evacuation plans , even for a high school where there were lots of cars `` might not be realistic and would not work '' .\\nMrs. Molvar asked again that the board join in taking a stand in keeping with Jack Lowe's program .\\nThe board said it thought it had gone as far as instructed so far and asked for more information to be brought at the next meeting .\\nIt was generally agreed that the subject was important and the board should be informed on what was done , is going to be done and what it thought should be done .\\nSalem ( AP )\\n-- The statewide meeting of war mothers Tuesday in Salem will hear a greeting from Gov. Mark Hatfield .\\nHatfield also is scheduled to hold a public United Nations Day reception in the state capitol on Tuesday .\\nHis schedule calls for a noon speech Monday in Eugene at the Emerald Empire Kiwanis Club .\\nHe will speak to Willamette University Young Republicans Thursday night in Salem .\\nOn Friday he will go to Portland for the swearing in of Dean Bryson as Multnomah County Circuit Judge .\\nHe will attend a meeting of the Republican State Central Committee Saturday in Portland and see the Washington-Oregon football game .\\nBeaverton School District No. 48 board members examined blueprints and specifications for two proposed junior high schools at a Monday night workshop session .\\nA bond issue which would have provided some $3.5 million for construction of the two 900-student schools was defeated by district voters in January .\\nLast week the board , by a 4 to 3 vote , decided to ask voters whether they prefer the 6-3-3 ( junior high school ) system or the 8-4 system .\\nBoard members indicated Monday night this would be done by an advisory poll to be taken on Nov. 15 , the same date as a $581,000 bond election for the construction of three new elementary schools .\\nSecretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg will speak Sunday night at the Masonic Temple at a $25-a-plate dinner honoring Sen. Wayne L. Morse , Aj .\\nThe dinner is sponsored by organized labor and is scheduled for 7 p.m. .\\nSecretary Goldberg and Sen. Morse will hold a joint press conference at the Roosevelt Hotel at 4:30 p.m. Sunday , Blaine Whipple , executive secretary of the Democratic Party of Oregon , reported Tuesday .\\nOther speakers for the fund-raising dinner include Reps. Edith Green and Al Ullman , Labor Commissioner Norman Nilsen and Mayor Terry Schrunk , all Democrats .\\nOak Grove ( special )\\n-- Three positions on the Oak Lodge Water district board of directors have attracted 11 candidates .\\nThe election will be Dec. 4 from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. .\\nPolls will be in the water office .\\nIncumbent Richard Salter seeks re-election and is opposed by Donald Huffman for the five-year term .\\nIncumbent William Brod is opposed in his re-election bid by Barbara Njust , Miles C. Bubenik and Frank Lee .\\nFive candidates seek the place vacated by Secretary Hugh G. Stout .\\nSeeking this two-year term are James Culbertson , Dwight M. Steeves , James C. Piersee , W.M. Sexton and Theodore W. Heitschmidt .\\nA stronger stand on their beliefs and a firmer grasp on their future were taken Friday by delegates to the 29th general council of the Assemblies of God , in session at the Memorial Coliseum .\\nThe council revised , in an effort to strengthen , the denomination's 16 basic beliefs adopted in 1966 .\\nThe changes , unanimously adopted , were felt necessary in the face of modern trends away from the Bible .\\nThe council agreed it should more firmly state its belief in and dependence on the Bible .\\nAt the adoption , the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman , general superintendent , commented , `` The Assemblies of God has been a bulwark for fundamentalism in these modern days and has , without compromise , stood for the great truths of the Bible for which men in the past have been willing to give their lives '' .\\nNew point added\\nMany changes involved minor editing and clarification ; ;\\nhowever , the first belief stood for entire revision with a new third point added to the list .\\nThe first of 16 beliefs of the denomination , now reads :\\n`` The scriptures , both Old and New Testament , are verbally inspired of God and are the revelation of God to man , the infallible , authoritative rule of faith and conduct '' .\\nThe third belief , in six points , emphasizes the Diety of the Lord Jesus Christ , and :\\n-- emphasizes the Virgin birth\\n-- the sinless life of Christ\\n-- His miracles\\n-- His substitutionary work on the cross\\n-- His bodily resurrection from the dead\\n-- and His exaltation to the right hand of God .\\nSuper again elected\\nFriday afternoon the Rev. T. F. Zimmerman was reelected for his second consecutive two-year term as general superintendent of Assemblies of God .\\nHis offices are in Springfield , Mo. .\\nElection came on the nominating ballot .\\nFriday night the delegates heard the need for their forthcoming program , `` Breakthrough '' scheduled to fill the churches for the next two years .\\nIn his opening address Wednesday the Rev. Mr. Zimmerman , urged the delegates to consider a 10-year expansion program , with `` Breakthrough '' the theme for the first two years .\\nThe Rev. R. L. Brandt , national secretary of the home missions department , stressed the need for the first two years' work .\\n`` Surveys show that one out of three Americans has vital contact with the church .\\nThis means that more than 100 million have no vital touch with the church or religious life '' , he told delegates Friday .\\nChurch loses pace\\nTalking of the rapid population growth ( upwards of 12,000 babies born daily ) with an immigrant entering the United States every 1-1/2 minutes , he said `` our organization has not been keeping pace with this challenge '' .\\n`` In 35 years we have opened 7,000 churches '' , the Rev. Mr. Brandt said , adding that the denomination had a national goal of one church for every 10,000 persons .\\n`` In this light we need 1,000 churches in Illinois , where we have 200 ; ;\\n800 in Southern New England , we have 60 ; ;\\nwe need 100 in Rhode Island , we have none '' , he said .\\nTo step up the denomination's program , the Rev. Mr. Brandt suggested the vision of 8,000 new Assemblies of God churches in the next 10 years .\\nTo accomplish this would necessitate some changes in methods , he said .\\n' church meets change '\\n`` The church's ability to change her methods is going to determine her ability to meet the challenge of this hour '' .\\nA capsule view of proposed plans includes :\\n-- Encouraging by every means , all existing Assemblies of God churches to start new churches .\\n-- Engaging mature , experienced men to pioneer or open new churches in strategic population centers .\\n-- Surrounding pioneer pastors with vocational volunteers ( laymen , who will be urged to move into the area of new churches in the interest of lending their support to the new project ) .\\n-- Arranging for ministerial graduates to spend from 6-12 months as apprentices in well-established churches .\\nU.S. Dist. Judge Charles L. Powell denied all motions made by defense attorneys Monday in Portland's insurance fraud trial .\\nDenials were of motions of dismissal , continuance , mistrial , separate trial , acquittal , striking of testimony and directed verdict .\\nIn denying motions for dismissal , Judge Powell stated that mass trials have been upheld as proper in other courts and that `` a person may join a conspiracy without knowing who all of the conspirators are '' .\\nAttorney Dwight L. Schwab , in behalf of defendant Philip Weinstein , argued there is no evidence linking Weinstein to the conspiracy , but Judge Powell declared this is a matter for the jury to decide .\\nProof lack charged\\nSchwab also declared there is no proof of Weinstein's entering a conspiracy to use the U.S. mails to defraud , to which federal prosecutor A. Lawrence Burbank replied :\\n`` It is not necessary that a defendant actually have conpired to use the U.S. mails to defraud as long as there is evidence of a conspiracy , and the mails were then used to carry it out '' .\\nIn the afternoon , defense attorneys began the presentation of their cases with opening statements , some of which had been deferred until after the government had called witnesses and presented its case .\\nMiami , Fla. , March 17\\n-- The Orioles tonight retained the distinction of being the only winless team among the eighteen Major-League clubs as they dropped their sixth straight spring exhibition decision , this one to the Kansas City Athletics by a score of 5 to 3 .\\nIndications as late as the top of the sixth were that the Birds were to end their victory draught as they coasted along with a 3-to-o advantage .\\nSiebern hits homer\\nOver the first five frames , Jack Fisher , the big righthander who figures to be in the middle of Oriole plans for a drive on the 1961 American League pennant , held the A's scoreless while yielding three scattered hits .\\nThen Dick Hyde , submarine-ball hurler , entered the contest and only five batters needed to face him before there existed a 3-to-3 deadlock .\\nA two-run homer by Norm Siebern and a solo blast by Bill Tuttle tied the game , and single runs in the eighth and ninth gave the Athletics their fifth victory in eight starts .\\nHouse throws wild\\nWith one down in the eighth , Marv Throneberry drew a walk and stole second as Hyde fanned Tuttle .\\nCatcher Frank House's throw in an effort to nab Throneberry was wide and in the dirt .\\nThen Heywood Sullivan , Kansas City catcher , singled up the middle and Throneberry was across with what proved to be the winning run .\\nRookie southpaw George Stepanovich relieved Hyde at the start of the ninth and gave up the A's fifth tally on a walk to second baseman Dick Howser , a wild pitch , and Frank Cipriani's single under Shortstop Jerry Adair's glove into center .\\nThe Orioles once again performed at the plate in powderpuff fashion , gathering only seven blows off the offerings of three Kansas City pitchers .\\nThree were doubles , Brooks Robinson getting a pair and Marv Breeding one .\\nHartman impressive\\nBill Kunkel , Bob Hartman and Ed Keegan did the mound chores for the club down from West Palm Beach to play the game before 767 paying customers in Miami Stadium .\\nThe Birds got five hits and all three of their runs off Kunkel before Hartman took over in the top of the fourth .\\nHartman , purchased by the A's from the Milwaukee Braves last fall , allowed no hits in his scoreless three-inning appearance , and merited the triumph .\\nKeegan , a 6-foot-3-inch 158-pounder , gave up the Orioles' last two safeties over the final three frames , escaping a load of trouble in the ninth when the Birds threatened but failed to tally .\\nRobinson doubles again\\nIn the ninth , Robinson led off with his second double of the night , a blast off the fence 375 feet deep into left .\\nWhitey Herzog , performing in right as the Orioles fielded possibly their strongest team of the spring , worked Keegan for a base on balls .\\nThen three consecutive pinch-hitters failed to produce .\\nPete Ward was sent in for House and , after failing in a bunt attempt , popped to Howser on the grass back of short .\\nJohn Powell , batting for Adair , fanned after fouling off two 2-and-2 pitches , and Buddy Barker , up for Stepanovich , bounced out sharply to Jerry Lumpe at second to end the 2-hour-and-27-minute contest .\\nThe Orioles got a run in the first inning when Breeding , along with Robinson , the two Birds who got a pair of hits , doubled to right center , moved to third on Russ Snyder's single to right and crossed on Kunkel's wild pitch into the dirt in front of the plate .\\nThe Flock added a pair of tallies in the third on three straight hits after two were out .\\nJackie Brandt singled deep into the hole at short to start the rally .\\nLumpe errs\\nJim Gentile bounced a hard shot off Kunkel's glove and beat it out for a single , and when Lumpe grabbed the ball and threw it over first baseman Throneberry's head Brandt took third and Gentile second on the error .\\nThen Robinson slammed a long double to left center to score both runners .\\nWhen Robinson tried to stretch his blow into a triple , he was cut down in a close play at third , Tuttle to Andy Carey .\\nThe detailed rundown on the Kansas City scoring in the sixth went like this :\\nLumpe worked a walk as the first batter to face Hyde and romped around as Siebern blasted Hyde's next toss 415 feet over the scoreboard in right center .\\nCarey Singles\\nCarey singled on a slow-bouncing ball to short which Robinson cut across to field and threw wide to first .\\nIt was ruled a difficult chance and a hit .\\nThen Throneberry rapped into a fast double play .\\nBreeding to Adair to Gentile , setting up Tuttle's 390-foot homer over the wall in left center .\\nIf the Orioles are to break their losing streak within the next two days , it will have to be at the expense of the American League champion New York Yankees , who come in here tomorrow for a night game and a single test Sunday afternoon .\\nMiami , Fla. , March 17\\n-- The flavor of Baltimore's Florida Grapefruit League news ripened considerably late today when the Orioles were advised that Ron Hansen has fulfilled his obligations under the Army's military training program and is ready for belated spring training .\\nHansen , who slugged the 1960 Oriole high of 22 homers and drove in 86 runs on a\\nfreshman average , completes the Birds' spring squad at 49 players .\\nThe big , 22-year-old shortstop , the 1960 American league `` rookie-of-the-year '' , flew here late this afternoon from Baltimore , signed his contract for an estimated $15,000 and was a spectator at tonight's 5-to-3 loss to Kansas City -- the winless Birds' sixth setback in a row .\\n15 pounds lighter\\nThe 6-foot 3-inch Hansen checked in close to 200 pounds , 15 pounds lighter than his reporting weight last spring .\\nHe hopes to melt off an additional eight pounds before the Flock breaks camp three weeks hence .\\nWhen he was inducted into the Army at Fort Knox , Ky. , Hansen's weight had dropped to 180 -- `` too light for me to be at my best '' he said .\\n`` I feel good physically '' , Hansen added , `` but I think I'll move better carrying a little less weight than I'm carrying now '' .\\nSeeks `` improved fielding ''\\nThe rangy , Albany ( Cal. ) native , a surprise slugging sensation for the Flock last year as well as a defensive whiz , set `` improved fielding '' as his 1961 goal .\\n`` I think I can do a better job with the glove , now that I know the hitters around the league a little better '' , he said .\\nHansen will engage in his first workout at Miami Stadium prior to the opening tomorrow night of a two-game weekend series with the New York Yankees .\\nSkinny Brown and Hoyt Wilhelm , the Flock's veteran knuckleball specialists , are slated to oppose the American League champions in tomorrow's 8 P.M. contest .\\nDuren , Sheldon on hill\\nRyne Duren and Roland Sheldon , a rookie righthander who posted a 15-1 record last year for the Yanks' Auburn ( N.Y. ) farm club of the Class-D New York-Pennsylvania League , are the probable rival pitchers .\\nTwenty-one-year-old Milt Pappas and Jerry Walker , 22 , are scheduled to share the Oriole mound chores against the Bombers' Art Ditmar in Sunday's 2 P.M. encounter .\\nRalph Houk , successor to Casey Stengel at the Yankee helm , plans to bring the entire New York squad here from St. Petersburg , including Joe Dimaggio and large crowds are anticipated for both weekend games .\\nThe famed Yankee Clipper , now retired , has been assisting as a batting coach .\\nSquad cut near\\nPitcher Steve Barber joined the club one week ago after completing his hitch under the Army's accelerated wintertime military course , also at Fort Knox , Ky. .\\nThe 22-year-old southpaw enlisted earlier last fall than did Hansen .\\nBaltimore's bulky spring-training contingent now gradually will be reduced as Manager Paul Richards and his coaches seek to trim it down to a more streamlined and workable unit .\\n`` Take a ride on this one '' , Brooks Robinson greeted Hansen as the Bird third sacker grabbed a bat , headed for the plate and bounced a third-inning two-run double off the left-centerfield wall tonight .\\nIt was the first of two doubles by Robinson , who was in a mood to celebrate .\\nJust before game time , Robinson's pretty wife , Connie informed him that an addition to the family can be expected late next summer .\\nUnfortunately , Brooks's teammates were not in such festive mood as the Orioles expired before the seven-hit pitching of three Kansas City rookie hurlers .\\nHansen arrived just before nightfall , two hours late , in company with Lee MacPhail ; ;\\nJ. A. W. Iglehart , chairman of the Oriole board of directors , and Public Relations Director Jack Dunn .\\nTheir flight was delayed , Dunn said , when a boarding ramp inflicted some minor damage to the wing of the plane .\\nEx-Oriole Clint Courtney , now catching for the A's is all for the American League's 1961 expansion to the West Coast .\\n`` But they shouldda brought in Tokyo , too '' , added Old Scrapiron .\\n`` Then we'd really have someplace to go '' .\\nBowie , Md. , March 17\\n-- Gaining her second straight victory , Norman B. , Small , Jr.'s Garden Fresh , a 3-year-old filly , downed promising colts in the $4,500 St. Patrick's Day Purse , featured seventh race here today , and paid $7.20 straight .\\nToying with her field in the early stages , Garden Fresh was asked for top speed only in the stretch by Jockey Philip Grimm and won by a length and a half in 1.24 3-5 for the 7 furlongs .\\n8,280 attend races\\nRichard M. Forbes's Paget , which had what seemed to be a substantial lead in the early stages , tired rapidly nearing the wire and was able to save place money only a head in front of Glen T. Hallowell's Milties Miss .\\nA bright sun and brisk wind had the track in a fast condition for the first time this week and 8,280 St. Patty Day celebrants bet $842,617 on the well-prepared program .\\nPrior to the featured race , the stewards announced that apprentice James P. Verrone is suspended ten days for crowding horses and crossing the field sharply in two races on Wednesday .\\nCulmone gets first win\\nGarden Fresh , the result of a mating of Better Self and Rosy Fingered , seems to improve with each start and appeared to win the St. Patrick's Day Purse with some speed in reserve .\\nShe was moving up to the allowance department after winning a $10,000 claiming event .\\nCleveland , March 17 ( AP )\\n-- George Kerr , the swift-striding Jamaican , set a meet record in the 600-yard run in the Knights of Columbus track meet tonight , beating Purdue's Dave Mills in a hot duel in 1.10.1 .\\nKerr , who set the world record earlier this month in New York with a clocking of 1.09.3 , wiped out Mills's early pace and beat the young Big 10 quarter-mile king by 5 yards .\\nBoth were under the meet mark of 1.10.8 set in 1950 by Mal Whitfield .\\nMills shot out in front and kept the lead through two thirds of the race .\\nThen Kerr , a graduate student from Illinois , moved past him on a straightaway and held off Mills's challenge on the final turn .\\nMills was timed in 1.10.4 .\\nThe crowd at the twenty-first annual K. of C. Games , final indoor meet of the season , got a thrill a few minutes earlier when a slender , bespectacled woman broke the one-week-old world record in the half-mile run .\\nMrs. Grace Butcher , of nearby Chardon , a 27-year-old housewife who has two children , finished in 2.21.6 .\\nShe snapped five tenths of a second off the mark set by Helen Shipley , of Wellsley College , in the National A.A.U. meet in Columbus , Ohio .\\nSan Francisco , March 17 ( AP )\\n-- Bobby Waters of Sylvania , Ga. , relief quarterback for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League , will undergo a knee operation tomorrow at Franklin Hospital here .\\nWaters injured his left knee in the last game of the 1960 season .\\nWhile working out in Sylvania a swelling developed in the knee and he came here to consult the team physician .\\nSt. Petersburg , Fla. , March 17 ( AP )\\n-- Two errors by New York Yankee shortstop Tony Kubek in the eleventh inning donated four unearned runs and a 5-to-2 victory to the Chicago White Sox today .\\nAustin , Texas\\n-- A Texas halfback who doesn't even know the team's plays , Eldon Moritz , ranks fourth in Southwest Conference scoring after three games .\\nTime stands still every time Moritz , a 26-year-old Army Signal Corps veteran , goes into the field .\\nAlthough he never gets to play while the clock is running , he gets a big kick -- several every Saturday , in fact -- out of football .\\nMoritz doesn't even have a nose guard or hip pads but he's one of the most valuable members of the Longhorn team that will be heavily favored Saturday over Oklahoma in the Cotton Bowl .\\nThat's because he already has kicked 14 extra points in 15 tries .\\nHe ran his string of successful conversions this season to 13 straight before one went astray last Saturday night in the 41-8 slaughter of Washington State .\\nMoritz is listed on the Longhorn roster as a right halfback , the position at which he lettered on the 1956 team .\\nBut ask coach Darrell Royal what position he plays and you'll get the quick response , `` place-kicker '' .\\nA 208-pound , 6-foot 1-inch senior from Stamford , Moritz practices nothing but place-kicking .\\nLast year , when he worked out at halfback all season , he didn't get into a single game .\\n`` This year , coach Royal told me if I'd work on my place-kicking he thought he could use me '' , said Moritz .\\n`` So I started practicing on it in spring training .\\nMoritz was bothered during the first two games this year by a pulled muscle in the thigh of his right ( kicking ) leg and , as a result , several of his successful conversions have gone barely far enough .\\nMoritz said Monday his leg feels fine and , as a result , he hopes to start practicing field goals this week .\\nHe kicked several while playing at Stamford High School , including one that beat Anson , 3-0 , in a 1953 district game .\\n`` I kicked about 110 extra points in 135 tries during three years in high school '' , he said , `` and made 26 in a row at one time .\\nI never did miss one in a playoff game -- I kicked about 20 in the five playoff games my last two years '' .\\nMoritz came to Texas in 1954 but his freshman football efforts were hampered by a knee injury .\\nHe missed the 1955 season because of an operation on the ailing knee , then played 77 minutes in 1956 .\\nHis statistical record that year , when Texas won only one game and lost nine , was far from impressive : he carried the ball three times for a net gain of 10 yards , punted once for 39 yards and caught one pass for 13 yards .\\nHe went into the Army in March , 1957 , and returned two years later .\\nBut he was scholastically ineligible in 1959 and merely present last season .\\nPlace kicking is largely a matter of timing , Moritz declared .\\n`` Once you get the feel of it , there's not much to it .\\nI've tried to teach some of the other boys to kick and some of them can't seem to get the feel .\\nPractice helps you to get your timing down .\\n`` It's kind of like golf -- if you don't swing a club very often , your timing gets off '' .\\nMoritz , however , kicks only about 10 or 12 extra points during each practice session .\\n`` If you kick too much , your leg gets kinda dead '' , he explained .\\nFootnotes :\\nIn their first three games , the Longhorns have had the ball 41 times and scored 16 times , or 40 per cent ; ;\\ntheir total passing yardage in three games , 447 on 30 completions in 56 attempts , is only 22 yards short of their total passing yardage in 1959 , when they made 469 on 37 completions in 86 tries .\\nTailback James Saxton already has surpassed his rushing total for his brilliant sophomore season , when he netted 271 yards on 55 carries ; ;\\nhe now has 273 yards in 22 tries during three games .\\nSaxton has made only one second-half appearance this season and that was in the Washington State game , for four plays : he returned the kickoff 30 yards , gained five yards through the line and then uncorked a 56-yard touchdown run before retiring to the bench .\\nWingback Jack Collins injured a knee in the Washington State game but insists he'll be ready for Oklahoma .\\nLast week , when Royal was informed that three Longhorns were among the conference's top four in rushing , he said : `` That won't last long '' .\\nIt didn't ; ;\\nMonday , he had four Longhorns in the top four .\\nA good feeling prevailed on the SMU coaching staff Monday , but attention quickly turned from Saturday's victory to next week's problem : Rice University .\\nThe Mustangs don't play this week .\\n`` We're just real happy for the players '' , Coach Bill Meek said of the 9-7 victory over the Air Force Academy .\\n`` I think the big thing about the game was that our kids for the third straight week stayed in there pitching and kept the pressure on .\\nIt was the first time we've been ahead this season ( when John Richey kicked what proved to be the winning field goal ) '' .\\nAssistant coach John Cudmore described victory as `` a good feeling , I think , on the part of the coaches and the players .\\nWe needed it and we got it '' .\\nMeek expressed particular gratification at the defensive performances of end Happy Nelson and halfback Billy Gannon .\\nBoth turned in top jobs for the second straight game .\\n`` Nelson played magnificent football '' , Meek praised .\\n`` He knocked down the interference and made key stops lots of times .\\nAnd he caused the fumble that set up our touchdown .\\nHe broke that boy ( Air Force fullback Nick Arshinkoff ) in two and knocked him loose from the football '' .\\nGannon contributed saving plays on the Falcons' aerial thrusts in the late stages .\\nOne was on a fourth-down screen pass from the Mustang 21 after an incomplete pass into Gannon's territory .\\n`` As soon as it started to form , Gannon spotted it '' , Meek said .\\n`` He timed it just right and broke through there before the boy ( halfback Terry Isaacson ) had time to turn around .\\nHe really crucified him he nailed it for a yard loss '' .\\nThe Air Force's , and the game's , final play , was a long pass by quarterback Bob McNaughton which Gannon intercepted on his own 44 and returned 22 yards .\\n`` He just lay back there and waited for it '' , Meek said .\\n`` He almost brought it back all the way '' .\\nExcept for sophomore center Mike Kelsey and fullback Mike Rice , Meek expects the squad to be physically sound for Rice .\\n`` Kelsey is very doubtful for the Rice game '' , Meek said .\\n`` He'll be out of action all this week .\\nHe got hit from the blind side by the split end coming back on the second play of the game .\\nThere is definitely some ligament damage in his knee '' .\\nRice has not played since injuring a knee in the opener with Maryland .\\n`` He's looking a lot better , and he's able to run '' , Meek explained .\\n`` We'll let him do a lot of running this week , but I don't know if he'll be able to play '' .\\nThe game players saw the Air Force film Monday , ran for 30 minutes , then went in , while the reserves scrimmaged for 45 minutes .\\n`` We'll work hard Tuesday , Wednesday and Thursday '' , Meek said , `` and probably will have a good scrimmage Friday .\\nWe'll work out about an hour on Saturday , then we'll work Monday and Tuesday of next week , then taper off '' .\\nSMU will play the Owls at Rice Stadium in Houston in a night game Saturday , Oct. 21 .\\nHuddle hearsay\\n-- Held out of Texas Tech's sweat-suits drill Monday at Lubbock was tackle Richard Stafford , who is undergoing treatment for a leg injury suffered in the Raiders' 38-7 loss to Texas A & M Because of its important game with Arkansas coming up Saturday , Baylor worked out in the rain Monday -- mud or no mud .\\nEnd Gene Raesz , who broke a hand in the Owl's game with LSU , was back working out with Rice Monday , and John Nichols , sophomore guard , moved back into action after a week's idleness with an ankle injury .\\nThe Texas Aggies got a day off Monday -- a special gift from Coach Jim Myers for its conference victory last Saturday night , but Myers announced that halfback George Hargett , shaken up in the Tech game , would not play against Trinity Saturday .\\nHalfback Bud Priddy , slowed for almost a month by a slowly-mending sprained ankle , joined TCU's workout Monday .\\nThe Dallas Texans were back home Monday with their third victory in four American Football League starts -- a 19-12 triumph over the Denver Broncos -- but their visit will be a short one .\\nThe Texans have two more road games -- at Buffalo and Houston -- before they play for the home folks again , and it looks as if coach Hank Stram's men will meet the Bills just as they are developing into the kind of team they were expected to be in pre-season reckonings .\\nBuffalo coach Buster Ramsey , who has become one of the game's greatest collectors of quarterbacks , apparently now has found a productive pair in two ex-National Football Leaguers , M. C. Reynolds and Warren Rabb .\\nRabb , the former Louisiana State field general , came off the bench for his debut with the Bills Sunday and directed his new team to a 22-12 upset victory over the Houston Oilers , defending league champions .\\n`` Just our luck '' ! !\\nExclaimed Stram .\\n`` Buster would solve that quarterback problem just as we head that way '' .\\nRamsey has a thing or two to mutter about himself , for the Dallas defensive unit turned in another splendid effort against Denver , and the Texans were able to whip the dangerous Broncs without the fullbacking of a top star , Jack Spikes , though he did the team's place-kicking while nursing a knee injury .\\n`` Our interior line and out linebackers played exceptionally well '' , said Stram Monday after he and his staff reviewed movies of the game .\\n`` In fact our whole defensive unit did a good job '' .\\nThe Texans won the game through ball control , with Quarterback Cotton Davidson throwing only 17 passes .\\n`` We always like to keep the ball as much as we can against Denver because they have such an explosive attack '' , explained Stram .\\n`` They can be going along , doing little damage , then bang , bang -- they can hit a couple of passes on you for touchdowns and put you in trouble '' .\\nThe Broncs did hit two quick strikes in the final period against the Texans , but Dallas had enough of a lead to hold them off .\\nThe principal tactic in controlling the ball was giving it to Abner Haynes , the flashy halfback .\\nHe was called upon 26 times -- more than all of the other ball-carriers combined -- and delivered 145 yards .\\nThe Texans made themselves a comforting break on the opening kickoff when Denver's Al Carmichael was jarred loose from the ball when Dave Grayson , the speedy halfback , hit him and Guard Al Reynolds claimed it for Dallas .\\nA quick touchdown resulted .\\n`` That permitted us to start controlling the ball right away '' , said Stram , quipping , `` I think I'll put that play in the book '' .\\nThe early Southwest Conference football leaders -- Texas , Arkansas and Texas A & M -- made a big dent in the statistics last week .\\nTexas' 545-yard spree against Washington State gave the Longhorns a 3-game total offense of 1,512 yards ( 1,065 rushing and 447 passing ) a new SWC high .\\nArkansas combined 280 yards rushing with 64 yards passing ( on 5 completions in 7 tosses ) and a tough defense to whip TCU , and A & M , with a 38-point bulge against Texas Tech ran up its biggest total loop play since 1950 .\\nCompleting 12 of 15 passes for 174 yards , the Aggies had a total offense of 361 yards .\\nTexas leads in per-game rushing averages , 355 yards , and passing 149 ( to Baylor's 126 ) , but idle Baylor has the best defensive record ( 187.5 yards per game to Texas' 189 ) .\\nA & M has the best defense against passes , 34.7 yards per game .\\nNot satisfied with various unofficial checks on the liveliness of baseballs currently in use , the major leagues have ordered their own tests , which are in progress at Massachusetts Institute of Technology .\\nRookie Ron Nischwitz continued his pinpoint pitching Monday night as the Bears made it two straight over Indianapolis , 5-3 .\\nThe husky 6-3 , 205-pound lefthander , was in command all the way before an on-the-scene audience of only 949 and countless of television viewers in the Denver area .\\nIt was Nischwitz' third straight victory of the new season and ran the Grizzlies' winning streak to four straight .\\nThey now lead Louisville by a full game on top of the American Association pack .\\nNischwitz fanned six and walked only Charley Hinton in the third inning .\\nHe has given only the one pass in his 27 innings , an unusual characteristic for a southpaw .\\nThe Bears took the lead in the first inning , as they did in Sunday's opener , and never lagged .\\nDick McAuliffe cracked the first of his two doubles against Lefty Don Rudolph to open the Bear's attack .\\nAfter Al Paschal gruonded out , Jay Cooke walked and Jim McDaniel singled home McAuliffe .\\nAlusik then moved Cooke across with a line drive to left .\\nJay Porter drew a base on balls to fill the bases but Don Wert's smash was knocked down by Rudolph for the putout .\\nThe Bears added two more in the fifth when McAuliffe dropped a double into the leftfield corner , Paschal doubled down the rightfield line and Cooke singled off Phil Shartzer's glove .\\nNischwitz was working on a 3-hitter when the Indians bunched three of their eight hits for two runs in the sixth .\\nChuck Hinton tripled to the rightfield corner , Cliff Cook and Dan Pavletich singled and Gaines' infield roller accounted for the tallies .\\nThe Bears added their last run in the sixth on Alusik's double and outfield flies by Porter and Wert .\\nGaines hammered the ball over the left fence for the third Indianapolis run in the ninth .\\nDespite the 45-degree weather the game was clicked off in 1:48 , thanks to only three bases on balls and some good infield play .\\nChico Ruiz made a spectacular play on Alusik's grounder in the hole in the fourth and Wert came up with some good stops and showed a strong arm at third base .\\nBingles and bobbles :\\nCliff Cook accounted for three of the Tribe's eight hits .\\nIt was the season's first night game and an obvious refocusing of the lights are in order .\\nThe infield was well flooded but the expanded outfield was much too dark .\\nMary Dobbs Tuttle was back at the organ .\\nAmong the spectators was the noted exotic dancer , Patti Waggin who is Mrs. Don Rudolph when off the stage .\\nLefty Wyman Carey , another Denver rookie , will be on the mound against veteran John Tsitouris at 8 o'clock Tuesday night .\\nEd Donnelly is still bothered by a side injury and will miss his starting turn .\\nDallas , Tex. , May 1 -- ( AP )\\n-- Kenny Lane of Muskegon , Mich. , world's seventh ranked lightweight , had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over Rip Randall of Tyler , Tex. , here Monday night .\\nSt. Paul-Minneapolis , May 1 -- ( AP )\\n-- Billy Gardner's line double , which just eluded the diving Minnie Minoso in left field , drove in Jim Lemon with the winning run with two out in the last of the ninth to give the Minnesota Twins a 6-5 victory over the Chicago White Sox Monday .\\nLemon was on with his fourth single of the game , a liner to center .\\nHe came all the way around on Gardner's hit before 5777 fans .\\nIt was Gardner's second run batted in of the game and his only ones of the year .\\nTurk Lown was tagged with the loss , his second against no victories , while Ray Moore won his second game against a single loss .\\nThe Twins tied the score in the sixth inning when Reno Bertoia beat out a high chopper to third base and scored on Lenny Green's double to left .\\nThe White Sox had taken a 5-4 lead in the top of the sixth on a pair of pop fly hits -- a triple by Roy Sievers and single by Camilo Carreon -- a walk and a sacrifice fly .\\nJim Landis' 380-foot home run over left in the first inning gave the Sox a 1-0 lead , but Harmon Killebrew came back in the bottom of the first with his second homer in two days with the walking Bob Allison aboard .\\nAl Smith's 340-blast over left in the fourth -- his fourth homer of the campaign -- tied the score and Carreon's first major league home run in the fifth put the Sox back in front .\\nA double by Green , Allison's run-scoring 2-baser , an infield single by Lemon and Gardner's solid single to center put the Twins back in front in the last of the fifth .\\nOgden , Utah , May 1 -- ( AP )\\n-- Boston Red Sox Outfielder Jackie Jensen said Monday night he was through playing baseball .\\n`` I've had it '' , he told a newsman .\\n`` I know when my reflexes are gone and I'm not going to be any 25th man on the ball club '' .\\nThis was the first word from Jensen on his sudden walkout .\\nJensen got only six hits in 46 at-bats for a batting average in the first 12 games .\\nHe took a midnight train out of Cleveland Saturday , without an official word to anybody , and has stayed away from newsmen on his train trip across the nation to Reno , Nev. , where his wife , former Olympic Diving Champion Zoe Ann Olsen , awaited .\\nShe said , when she learned Jackie was heading home : `` I'm just speculating , but I have to think Jack feels he's hurting Boston's chances '' .\\nThe Union Pacific Railroad streamliner , City of San Francisco , stopped in Ogden , Utah , for a few minutes .\\nSports Writer Ensign Ritchie of the Ogden Standard Examiner went to his compartment to talk with him .\\nThe conductor said to Ritchie : `` I don't think you want to talk to him .\\nYou'll probably get a ball bat on the head .\\nHe's mad at the world '' .\\nBut Jackie had gone into the station .\\nRitchie walked up to him at the magazine stand .\\n`` I told him who I was and he was quite cold .\\nBut he warmed up after a while .\\nI told him what Liston had said and he said Liston was a double-crosser and said anything he ( Liston ) got was through a keyhole .\\nHe said he had never talked to Liston '' .\\nListon is Bill Liston , baseball writer for the Boston Traveler , who quoted Jensen as saying :\\n`` I can't hit anymore .\\nI can't run .\\nI can't throw .\\nSuddenly my reflexes are gone .\\nJust when it seems baseball might be losing its grip on the masses up pops heroics to start millions of tongues to wagging .\\nAnd so it was over the weekend what with 40-year-old Warren Spahn pitching his no-hit masterpiece against the Giants and the Giants' Willie Mays retaliating with a record-tying 4-homer spree Sunday .\\nBoth , of course , were remarkable feats and further embossed the fact that baseball rightfully is the national pastime .\\nOf the two cherished achievements the elderly Spahn's hitless pitching probably reached the most hearts .\\nIt was a real stimulant to a lot of guys I know who have moved past the 2-score-year milestone .\\nAnd one of the Milwaukee rookies sighed and remarked , `` Wish I was 40 , and a top-grade big leaguer .\\nThe modest and happy Spahn waved off his new laurels as one of those good days .\\nBut there surely can be no doubt about the slender southpaw belonging with the all-time great lefthanders in the game's history .\\nYes , with Bob Grove , Carl Hubbell , Herb Pennock , Art Nehf , Vernon Gomez , et al .\\nSpahn not only is a superior pitcher but a gentlemanly fine fellow , a ball player's ball player , as they say in the trade .\\nI remember his beardown performance in a meaningless exhibition game at Bears Stadium Oct. 14 , 1951 , before a new record crowd for the period of 18,792 .\\n`` Spahnie doesn't know how to merely go through the motions '' , remarked Enos Slaughter , another all-out guy , who played rightfield that day and popped one over the clubhouse .\\nThe spectacular Mays , who reaches a decade in the big leagues come May 25 , joined six other sluggers who walloped four home runs in a span of nine innings .\\nIncidentally , only two did it before a home audience .\\nBobby Lowe of Boston was the first to hit four at home and Gil Hodges turned the trick in Brooklyn's Ebbetts Field .\\nEd Delahanty and Chuck Klein of the Phillies , the Braves' Joe Adcock , Lou Gehrig of the Yankees , Pat Seerey of the White Sox and Rocky Colavito , then with Cleveland , made their history on the road .\\nWillie's big day revived the running argument about the relative merits of Mays and Mickey Mantle .\\nThis is an issue which boils down to a matter of opinion , depending on whether you're an American or National fan and anti or pro-Yankee .\\nThe record books , however , would favor the Giants' ace .\\nIn four of his nine previous seasons Mays hit as many as 25 home runs and stole as many as 25 bases .\\nOnce the figure was 30-30 .\\nWillie's lifetime batting average of is 11 points beyond Mickey's .\\nThe Giants who had been anemic with the bat in their windy Candlestick Park suddenly found the formula in Milwaukee's park .\\nIt will forever be a baseball mystery how a team will suddenly start hitting after a distressing slump .\\nThe Denver-area TV audience was privileged to see Mays' four home runs , thanks to a new arrangement made by Bob Howsam that the games are not to be blacked out when his Bears are playing at home .\\nThis rule providing for a blackout of televised baseball 30 minutes before the start of a major or minor league game in any area comes from the game's top rulers .\\nThe last couple of years the Bears management got the business from the `` Living Room Athletic Club '' when games were cut off .\\nActually they were helpless to do anything about the nationwide policy .\\nThis year , I am told , the CBS network will continue to abide by the rule but NBC will play to a conclusion here .\\nThere are two more Sunday afternoons when the situation will arise .\\nIt is an irritable rule that does baseball more harm than good , especially at the minor league level .\\nYou would be surprised how many fans purposely stayed away from Bears Stadium last year because of the television policy .\\nThis dissatisfaction led to Howsam's request that the video not be terminated before the end of the game .\\nCincinnati , Ohio ( AP )\\n-- The powerful New York Yankees won their 19th world series in a 5-game romp over outclassed Cincinnati , crushing the Reds in a humiliating 13-5 barrage Monday in the loosely played finale .\\nWith Mickey Mantle and Yogi Berra both out of action due to injuries , the American League champs still mounted a 15-hit attack against a parade of eight Cincinnati pitchers , the most ever used by one team in a series game .\\nJohnny Blanchard , Mantle's replacement , slammed a 2-run homer as the Yankees routed loser Joey Jay in a 5-run first inning .\\nHector Lopez , subbing for Berra , smashed a 3-run homer off Bill Henry during another 5-run explosion in the fourth .\\nThe Yanks also took advantage of three Cincinnati errors .\\nThe crowd of 32,589 had only two chances to applaud .\\nIn the third Frank Robinson hammered a long home run deep into the corner of the bleachers in right center , about 400 feet away , with two men on .\\nMomentarily the Reds were back in the ball game , trailing only 6-3 , but the drive fizzled when John Edwards fouled out with men on second and third and two out .\\nIn the fifth , Wally Post slashed a 2-run homer off Bud Daley , but by that time the score was 11-5 and it really didn't matter .\\nThe Yankee triumph made Ralph Houk only the third man to lead a team to both a pennant and a World Series victory in his first year as a manager .\\nOnly Bucky Harris , the `` boy-manager '' of Washington in 1924 , and Eddie Dyer of the St. Louis Cardinals in 1946 had accomplished the feat .\\nPhiladelphia , Jan. 23\\n-- Nick Skorich , the line coach for the football champion Philadelphia Eagles , was elevated today to head coach .\\nSkorich received a three-year contract at a salary believed to be between $20,000 and $25,000 a year .\\nHe succeeds Buck Shaw , who retired at the end of last season .\\nThe appointment was announced at a news conference at which Skorich said he would retain two members of Shaw's staff -- Jerry Williams and Charlie Gauer .\\nWilliams is a defensive coach .\\nGauer works with the ends .\\nChoice was expected\\nThe selection had been expected .\\nSkorich was considered the logical choice after the club gave Norm Van Brocklin permission to seek the head coaching job with the Minnesota Vikings , the newest National Football League entry .\\nVan Brocklin , the quarterback who led the Eagles to the title , was signed by the Vikings last Wednesday .\\nPhiladelphia permitted him to seek a better connection after he had refused to reconsider his decision to end his career as a player .\\nWith Skorich at the helm , the Eagles are expected to put more emphasis on running , rather than passing .\\nIn the past the club depended largely on Van Brocklin's aerials .\\nSkorich , however , is a strong advocate of a balanced attack -- split between running and passing .\\nCoach played 3 years\\nSkorich , who is 39 years old , played football at Cincinnati University and then had a three-year professional career as a lineman under Jock Sutherland with the Pittsburgh Steelers .\\nAn injury forced Skorich to quit after the 1948 season .\\nHe began his coaching career at Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School in 1949 .\\nHe remained there for four years before moving to Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy , N. Y. .\\nHe was there one season before rejoining the Steelers as an assistant coach .\\nFour years later he resigned to take a similar job with the Green Bay Packers .\\nThe Eagles signed him for Shaw's staff in 1959 .\\nSkorich began his new job auspiciously today .\\nAt a ceremony in the reception room of Mayor Richardson Dilworth , the Eagles were honored for winning the championship .\\nShaw and Skorich headed a group of players , coaches and team officials who received an engrossed copy of an official city citation and a pair of silver cufflinks shaped like a football .\\nWith the announcement of a `` special achievement award '' to William A. ( ( Bill ) Shea , the awards list was completed yesterday for Sunday night's thirty-eighth annual dinner and show of the New York Chapter , Baseball Writers' Association of America , at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel .\\nShea , the chairman of Mayor Wagner's Baseball Committee , will be joined on the dais by Warren Spahn , the southpaw pitching ace of the Milwaukee Braves ; ;\\nFrank Graham , the Journal-American sports columnist ; ;\\nBill Mazeroski , the World Series hero of the Pittsburgh Pirates , and Casey Stengel , the former manager of the Yankees .\\nStengel will receive the Ben Epstein Good Guy Award .\\nMazeroski , whose homer beat the Yankees in the final series game , will receive the Babe Ruth Award as the outstanding player in the 1960 world series .\\nGraham will be recognized for his meritorious service to baseball and will get the William J. Slocum Memorial Award .\\nTo Spahn will go the Sid Mercer Memorial Award as the chapter's player of the year .\\nShow follows ceremonies\\nA crowd of 1,400 is expected for the ceremonies , which will be followed by the show in which the writers will lampoon baseball personalities in skit , dance and song .\\nThe 53-year-old Shea , a prominent corporation lawyer with a sports background , is generally recognized as the man most responsible for the imminent return of a National League club to New York .\\nNamed by Mayor Wagner three years ago to head a committee that included James A. Farley , Bernard Gimbel and Clint Blume , Shea worked relentlessly .\\nHis goal was to obtain a National League team for this city .\\nThe departure of the Giants and the Dodgers to California left New York with only the Yankees .\\nDespite countless barriers and disappointments , Shea moved forward .\\nWhen he was unable to bring about immediate expansion , he sought to convince another National League club to move here .\\nWhen that failed , he enlisted Branch Rickey's aid in the formation of a third major league , the Continental , with New York as the key franchise .\\nThe Continental League never got off the ground , but after two years it forced the existing majors to expand .\\nFlushing stadium in works\\nThe New York franchise is headed by Mrs. Charles Shipman Payson .\\nA big-league municipal stadium at Flushing Meadow Park is in the works , and once the lease is signed the local club will be formally recognized by Commissioner Ford C. Frick .\\nShea's efforts figure prominently in the new stadium .\\nShea and his wife , Nori , make their home at Sands Point , L. I. .\\nBill Jr. , 20 , Kathy , 15 , and Patricia , 9 , round out the Shea family .\\nShea was born in Manhattan .\\nHe attended New York University before switching to Georgetown University in Washington .\\nHe played basketball there while working toward a law degree .\\nLater , Shea owned and operated the Long Island Indians , a minor league professional football team .\\nHe was the lawyer for Ted Collins' old Boston Yankees in the National Football League .\\nAll was quiet in the office of the Yankees and the local National Leaguers yesterday .\\nOn Friday , Roger Maris , the Yankee outfielder and winner of the American League's most-valuable-player award , will meet with Roy Hamey , the general manager .\\nMaris is in line for a big raise .\\nArnold Palmer and Sam Snead will be among those honored at the national awards dinner of the Metropolitan Golf Writers Association tonight .\\nThe dinner will be held at the Hotel Pierre .\\nPalmer , golf's leading money-winner in 1960 , and Snead will be saluted as the winning team in the Canada Cup matches last June in Dublin .\\nDeane Beman , the National Amateur champion , and all the metropolitan district champions , including Bob Gardner , the amateur title-holder , also will receive awards .\\nThe writers' Gold Tee Award will go to John McAuliffe of Plainfield , N. J. , and Palm Beach , Fla. , for his sponsorship of charity tournaments .\\nHorton Smith of Detroit , a former president of the Professional Golfers Association , will receive the Ben Hogan Trophy for his comeback following a recent illness .\\nThe principal speaker will be Senator Stuart Symington , Democrat of Missouri .\\nGolf's golden boy\\nArnold Palmer has been a blazing figure in golf over the past twelve months .\\nHe won the Masters , the United States Open and a record $80,738 in prize money .\\nHe was heralded as `` Sportsman of the Year '' by Sports Illustrated , and last night was acclaimed in Rochester as the `` Professional Athlete of the Year '' , a distinction that earned for him the $10,000 diamond-studded Hickok Belt .\\nBut he also achieved something that endeared him to every duffer who ever flubbed a shot .\\nA couple of weeks ago , he scored a monstrous 12 on a par-5 hole .\\nIt made him human .\\nAnd it also stayed the hands of thousands of brooding incompetents who were meditating the abandonment of a sport whose frustrations were driving them to despair .\\nIf such a paragon of perfection as Palmer could commit such a scoring sacrilege , there was hope left for all .\\nIt was neither a spirit of self-sacrifice nor a yen to encourage the downtrodden that motivated Arnold .\\nHe merely became victimized by a form of athletics that respects no one and aggravates all .\\nThe world's best golfer , shooting below par , came to the last hole of the opening round of the Los Angeles open with every intention of delivering a final crusher .\\nHe boomed a 280-yard drive .\\nThen the pixies and the zombies took over while the banshees wailed in the distance .\\nNo margin for error\\nOn the narrow fairway of a 508-yard hole , Arnold whipped into his second shot .\\nThe ball went off in a majestic arc , an out-of-bounds slice .\\nHe tried again and once more sliced out of bounds .\\nHe hooked the next two out of bounds on the opposite side .\\n`` It is possible that I over-corrected '' , he said ruefully .\\nEach of the four wayward shots cost him two strokes .\\nSo he wound up with a dozen .\\n`` It was a nice round figure , that 12 '' , he said as he headed for the clubhouse , not too much perturbed .\\nFrom the standpoint of the army of duffers , however , this was easily the most heartening exhibition they had had since Ben Hogan fell upon evil ways during his heyday and scored an 11 in the Texas open .\\nThe idol of the hackers , of course , is Ray Ainsley , who achieved a 19 in the United States Open .\\nTheir secondary hero is another pro , Willie Chisholm , who drank his lunch during another Open and tried to blast his way out of a rock-strewn gully .\\nWillie's partner was Long Jim Barnes , who tried to keep count .\\nStickler for rules\\n`` How many is that , Jim '' ? ?\\nAsked Willie at one stage of his excavation project .\\n`` Thirteen '' , said Long Jim .\\n`` Nae , man '' , said Willie , `` ye must be countin' the echoes '' .\\nHe had a 16 .\\nPalmer's dozen were honestly earned .\\nNor were there any rules to save him .\\nIf there had been , he would have found a loophole , because Arnold is one golfer who knows the code as thoroughly as the man who wrote the book .\\nThis knowledge has come in handy , too .\\nHis first shot in the Open last year landed in a brook that flowed along the right side of the fairway .\\nThe ball floated downstream .\\nA spectator picked up the ball and handed it to a small boy , who dropped this suddenly hot potato in a very playable lie .\\nArnold sent for Joe Dey , the executive secretary of the golf association .\\nJoe naturally ruled that a ball be dropped from alongside the spot where it had originally entered the stream .\\n`` I knew it all along '' , confessed Arnold with a grin , `` but I just happened to think how much nicer it would be to drop one way up there '' .\\nFor a serious young man who plays golf with a serious intensity , Palmer has such an inherent sense of humor that it relieves the strain and keeps his nerves from jangling like banjo strings .\\nYet he remains the fiercest of competitors .\\nHe'll even bull head-on into the rules when he is sure he's right .\\nThat's how he first won the Masters in 1958 .\\nIt happened on the twelfth hole , a 155-yarder .\\nArnold's iron shot from the tee burrowed into the bunker guarding the green , an embankment that had become soft and spongy from the rains , thereby bringing local rules into force .\\nRuling from on high\\n`` I can remove the ball , can't I '' ? ?\\nAsked Palmer of an official .\\n`` No '' , said the official .\\n`` You must play it where it lies '' .\\n`` You're wrong '' , said Arnold , a man who knows the rules .\\n`` I'll do as you say , but I'll also play a provisional ball and get a ruling '' .\\nHe scored a 4 for the embedded ball , a 3 with the provisional one .\\nThe golfing fathers ruled in his favor .\\nSo he picked up a stroke with the provisional ball and won the tournament by the margin of that stroke .\\nUntil a few weeks ago , however , Arnold Palmer was some god-like creature who had nothing in common with the duffers .\\nBut after that 12 at Los Angeles he became one of the boys , a bigger hero than he ever had been before .\\nA formula to supply players for the new Minneapolis Vikings and the problem of increasing the 1961 schedule to fourteen games will be discussed by National Football League owners at a meeting at the Hotel Warwick today .\\nOther items on the agenda during the meetings , which are expected to continue through Saturday , concern television , rules changes , professional football's hall of fame , players' benefits and constitutional amendments .\\nThe owners would like each club in the fourteen-team league to play a home-and-home series with teams in its division , plus two games against teams in the other division .\\nHowever , this would require a lengthening of the season from thirteen to fourteen weeks .\\nPete Rozelle , the league commissioner , pointed out :\\n`` We'll have the problem of baseball at one end and weather at the other '' .\\nNine of the league's teams play in baseball parks and therefore face an early-season conflict in dates .\\nIf the Cardinals heed Manager Gene Mauch of the Phillies , they won't be misled by the Pirates' slower start this season .\\n`` Pittsburgh definitely is the team to beat '' , Mauch said here the other day .\\n`` The Pirates showed they could outclass the field last year .\\nThey have the same men , no age problem , no injuries and they also have Vinegar Bend Mizell for the full season , along with Bobby Shantz '' .\\nTonight at 8 o'clock the Cardinals , who gave the Pirates as much trouble as anyone did in 1960 , breaking even with them , will get their first 1961 shot at baseball's world champions .\\nThe Pirates have a 9-6 record this year and the Redbirds are 7-9 .\\nChange in pitchers .\\nSolly Hemus announced a switch in his starting pitcher , from Bob Gibson to Ernie Broglio , for several reasons : 1 Broglio's 4-0 won-lost record and 1.24 earned-run mark against Pittsburgh a year ago ; ;\\n2 The desire to give Broglio as many starts as possible ; ;\\n3 The Redbirds' disheartening 11-7 collapse against the Phillies Sunday .\\nManager Hemus , eager to end a pitching slump that has brought four losses in the five games on the current home stand , moved Gibson to the Wednesday night starting assignment .\\nAfter Thursday's open date , Solly plans to open with Larry Jackson against the Cubs here Friday night .\\nHarvey Haddix , set back by the flu this season , will start against his former Cardinal mates , who might be playing without captain Kenny Boyer in tonight's game at Busch Stadium .\\nBoyer is suffering from a stiff neck .\\nHaddix has a 13-8 record against the Redbirds , despite only a 1-3 mark in 1960 .\\nPirate Manager Danny Murtaugh said he hadn't decided between Mizell and Vern Law for Wednesday's game .\\nMizell has won both of his starts .\\nNieman kept in lineup .\\nAfter a lengthy workout yesterday , an open date , Hemus said that Bob Nieman definitely would stay in the lineup .\\nThat means Stan Musial probably will ride the bench on the seventh anniversary of his record five-home run day against the Giants .\\n`` I have to stay with Nieman for a while '' , Hemus said .\\n`` Bill White ( sore ankles ) should be ready .\\nWith a lefthander going for Pittsburgh , I may use Don Taussig in center '' .\\n`` Lindy McDaniel threw batting practice about 25 minutes , and he looked good '' , Hemus said .\\n`` He should be getting back in the groove before long .\\nOur pitching is much better than it has shown '' .\\nThe statistics hardly indicated that the Pirates needed extra batting practice , but Murtaugh also turned his men loose at Busch Stadium yesterday .\\nSix Bucks over .\\nUntil the Bucs' bats quieted down a bit in Cincinnati over the weekend , the champions had eight men hitting over .\\nDespite the recession , Pittsburgh came into town with this imposing list of averages : Smoky Burgess , Gino Cimoli , Bill Virdon , Bob Clemente and Dick Groat , each\\n, Dick Stuart , Don Hoak\\nand Bob Skinner\\n.\\nBill Mazeroski with and Hal Smith with were the only Pirates dragging their feet .\\nPerhaps the Pirate who will be the unhappiest over the news that Musial probably will sit out most of the series is Bob Friend , who was beaten by The Man twice last season on dramatic home runs .\\nFriend is off to a great start with a 4-0 record but isn't likely to see action here this week .\\n`` We're getting Friend some runs for a change , and he has been pitching good '' , Murtaugh said .\\n`` Virdon has been blasting the ball .\\nNo plunkers for him '' .\\nSix Bucs over .\\nThe Pirates jumped off to an 11-3 start by May 1 last year , when the Redbirds as well as the Dodgers held them even over the season .\\nOn last May 1 , the Cardinals stood at 7-6 , ending a two-season fall-off on that milestone .\\nIn 1958 , the Birds were 3-10 on May 1 .\\nA year later they were 4-13 .\\nSince 1949 , the St. Louis club has been below on May 1 just four times .\\nThe '49 team was off to a so-so 5-5 beginning , then fell as low as 12-17 on May 23 before finishing with 96 victories .\\nThe '52 Cards were 6-7 on May 1 but ended with 88 triumphs , the club's top since 1949 .\\nThen last season the Birds tumbled as low as 11-18 on May 19 before recovering to make a race of it and total 86 victories .\\nSince 1949 , the only National League club that got off to a hot start and made a runaway of the race was the '55 Dodger team .\\nThose Dodgers won their first 10 games and owned a 21-2 mark and a nine-game lead by May 8 .\\nThe club that overcame the worst start in a comparable period to win the pennant was New York's '51 Giants , who dropped 11 of their first 13 .\\nThey honored the battling Billikens last night .\\nSpeakers at a Tipoff Club dinner dealt lavish praise to a group of St. Louis University players who , in the words of Coach John Benington , `` had more confidence in themselves than I did '' .\\nThe most valuable player award was split three ways , among Glen Mankowski , Gordon Hartweger and Tom Kieffer .\\nIn addition , a special award was given to Bob ( Bevo ) Nordmann , the 6-foot-10 center who missed much of the season because of a knee injury .\\n`` You often hear people talk about team spirit and that sort of thing '' , Benington said in a conversation after the ceremonies , `` but what this team had was a little different .\\nThe boys had a tremendous respect for each other's ability .\\nThey knew what they could do and it was often a little more than I thought they could do .\\n`` Several times I found the players pepping me up , where it usually is the coach who is supposed to deliver the fight talk .\\nWe'd be losing at halftime to a good team and Hartweger would say , ' Don't worry , Coach -- we'll get 'em all right ' '' .\\nThe trio who shared the most-valuable honors were introduced by Bob Broeg , sports editor of the Post-Dispatch .\\nKieffer , the only junior in the group , was commended for his ability to hit in the clutch , as well as his all-round excellent play .\\nMankowski , the ball-hawking defensive expert , was cited for his performance against Bradley in St. Louis U.'s nationally televised victory .\\nBenington said , `` I've never seen a player have a game as great as Mankowski did against Bradley that day '' .\\nBenington recalled that he once told Hartweger that he doubted Gordon would ever play much for him because he seemed to be lacking in all of the accepted basketball skills .\\nAfter the coach listed all the boy's faults , Hartweger said , `` Coach before I leave here , you'll get to like me '' .\\nMrs. Benington admired Gordon's spirit and did what she could to persuade her husband that the boy might help the team .\\nAs Hartweger accepted his silver bowl , he said , `` I want to thank coach's wife for talking him into letting me play '' .\\nBob Burnes , sports editor of the Globe-Democrat , presented Bob Nordmann with his award .\\nBevo was congratulated for his efforts to stay in shape so that he could help the team if his knee healed in time .\\nWithin a week after the injury , suffered in St. Louis's victory in the final game of the Kentucky tournament , Nordmann was sitting on the Bill's bench doing what he could to help Benington .\\nOn the clock given him was the inscription , `` For Outstanding Contribution to Billiken Basketball , 1960-61 '' .\\nOther lettermen from the team that compiled a 21-9 record and finished as runner-up in the National Invitation Tournament were : Art Hambric , Donnell Reid , Bill Nordmann , Dave Harris , Dave Luechtefeld and George Latinovich .\\n`` This team set a precedent that could be valuable in the future '' , Benington pointed out .\\n`` By winning against Bradley , Kentucky and Notre Dame on those teams' home courts , they showed that the home court advantage can be overcome anywhere and that it doesn't take a super team to do it '' .\\nSt. Louis University found a way to win a baseball game .\\nLarry Scherer last night pitched a no-hit game , said to be the first in Billiken baseball history , as the Blue and White beat Southeast Missouri State College , 5-1 , at Crystal City .\\nThe victory was the first of the season for the Billikens after nine defeats and a tie .\\nThe tie was against Southeast Missouri last Friday .\\nScherer also had a big night at bat with four hits in five trips including a double , Len Boehmer also was 4-for-5 with two doubles and Dave Ritchie had a home run and a triple .\\nSt. Louis U. was to be in action again today with a game scheduled at 4 against Washington University at Ligget Field .\\nThe game opened a busy week for Washington .\\nThe Bears are set to play at Harris Teachers College at 3:30 tomorrow and have a doubleheader at Quincy , Ill. , Saturday .\\nHappy hitting\\nIf it's true that contented cows give more milk , why shouldn't happy ball players produce more base hits ? ?\\nThe two top talents of the time , Mickey Mantle and Willie Mays , have hit the ball harder and more successfully so far this early season than at any period in careers which , to be frank about it , never have quite reached expectations .\\nAnd that's meant as a boost , not a knock .\\nMays and Mantle , both 10-year men at 30 , have so much ability that , baseball men agree , they've never hit the heights .\\nTheir heights , that is .\\nMantle , the bull-necked blond switch-hitter , had one sensational triple-crown season , 1959 , when he batted and also led the American League in home runs , 52 , and rbi's , 130 .\\nLike the Yankees' slugger , Mays , the terror of the Giants , has had seasons that would be considered the ultimate by most players , but not by -- or for -- Willie .\\nHis best years were 1954 when he hit with 41 homers and '55 when he belted 51 home runs , drove in 127 and stole 24 bases .\\nNow , apparently happier under new managers , Mays and Mantle , the perfect players , are behaving as though they're going to pass those previous peaks .\\nLabor relations\\nYes , we know , they're professionals , men paid to play , and they shouldn't care how they're handled , just as long as their names are spelled correctly on the first and fifteenth of each month .\\nThe truth is , though , that men react differently to different treatment .\\nFor that matter , Stan Musial is rare , possessing the disposition that enabled him to put out the same for seven managers , reserving his opinions , but not his effort .\\nMantle , it's apparent , resented Casey Stengel's attempts to push and prod him into the perfection the veteran manager saw as a thrilling possibility .\\nThe old man was almost too possessive .\\nStengel inherited DiMaggio , Rizzuto , but he brought up Mantle from Class C to the majors , from Joplin to New York .\\nWith the speed and power of the body beautiful he saw before him , Ol' Case wanted No. 7 to be not only the best homerun hitter , but also the best bunter , base-runner and outfielder .\\nStengel probably preached too much in the early days when the kid wanted to pop his bubble gum and sow his oats .\\nInheriting a more mature Mantle , who now has seen the sights on and off Broadway , Ralph Houk quietly bestowed , no pun intended , the mantle of authority on Mickey .\\nThe Major decided that , rather than be led , the slugger could lead .\\nAnd what leadership a proud Mantle has given so far .\\nThe opinion continues here that with a 162-game schedule , pitching spread thin through a 10-team league and a most inviting target in Los Angeles' Wrigley Field Jr. , Mantle just might break the most glamorous record on the books , Babe Ruth's 60 homers of 1927 .\\nFour for Alvin\\nMays' day came a day earlier for Willie than for the kids and Commies this year .\\nWillie's wonderful walloping Sunday -- four home runs -- served merely to emphasize how happy he is to be playing for Alvin Dark .\\nNext to Leo Durocher , Dark taught Mays the most when he was a grass-green rookie rushed up to the Polo Grounds 10 years ago this month , to help the Giants win a dramatic pennant .\\nRomantic news concerns Mrs. Joan Monroe Armour and F. Lee H. Wendell , who are to be married at 4:30 p.m. tomorrow in the Lake Forest home of her brother , J. Hampton Monroe , and Mrs. Monroe .\\nOnly the families and a dozen close friends will be present .\\nThe bride's brother , Walter D. Monroe Jr. , will give her in marriage .\\nIn the small group will be the junior and senior Mrs. Walter Monroe ; ;\\nthe bridegroom's parents , the Barrett Wendells , who are returning from a winter holiday in Sarasota , Fla. , for the occasion ; ;\\nand his brother , Mr. Wendell Jr. , and his wife , who will arrive from Boston .\\nMr. Wendell Jr. will be best man .\\nAlso present will be the bride's children , Joan , 13 , and Kirkland , 11 .\\nTheir father is Charles B. Armour .\\nThe bridegroom's children were here for the Christmas holidays and can't return .\\nYoung Peter Wendell , a student at the Westminster school , has measles , and his sister , Mrs. Andrew Thomas , and her husband , who live in Missoula , Mont. , have a new baby .\\nTheir mother is Mrs. Camilla Alsop Wendell .\\nMr. Wendell and his bride will live in his Lake Forest house .\\nThey will take a wedding trip later .\\n' back with the Met\\n`` We are back with the ' Met ' again now that the ' Met ' is back in Chicago '' , bulletins Mrs. Frank S. Sims , president of the women's board of the University of Chicago Cancer Research Foundation .\\nThe New York Metropolitan Opera Company will be here in May , and the board will sponsor the Saturday night , May 13 , performance of `` Turandot '' as a benefit .\\nBirgit Nilsson will be starred .\\n`` Housed in the new McCormick Place theater , this should prove to be an exciting evening '' , adds Mrs. Sims .\\nThe board's last money raising event was a performance by Harry Belafonte -- `` quite off-beat for this group '' , decided some of the members .\\nMrs. Henry T. Sulcer of Winnetka , a new board member , will be chairman of publicity for the benefit .\\nHer husband recently was appointed vice president of the university , bringing them back here from the east .\\nParichy-Hamm\\nBecause of the recent death of the bride's father , Frederick B. Hamm , the marriage of Miss Terry Hamm to John Bruce Parichy will be a small one at noon tomorrow in St. Bernadine's church , Forest Park .\\nA small reception will follow in the Oak Park Arms hotel .\\nMrs. Hamm will not come from Vero Beach , Fla. , for the wedding .\\nHowever , Mr. Parichy and his bride will go to Vero Beach on their wedding trip , and will stay in the John G. Beadles' beach house .\\nThe Beadles formerly lived in Lake Forest .\\nHarvey B. Stevens of Kenilworth will give his niece in marriage .\\nMr. and Mrs. Stevens and the bride's other uncles and aunts , the Rush C. Butlers , the Homer E. Robertsons , and the David Q. Porters , will give the bridal dinner tonight in the Stevenses' home .\\nHere and there\\nThe Chicago Press club will fete George E. Barnes , president of the United States Lawn Tennis association , at a cocktail party and buffet supper beginning at 5:30 p.m. tomorrow .\\nLater , a bus will carry members to the Chicago Stadium to see Jack Kramer's professional tennis matches at 8 p.m. .\\nWith loud huzzahs for the artistic success of the Presbyterian-St. Luke's Fashion show still ringing in her ears , its director , Helen Tieken Geraghty ( Mrs. Maurice P. Geraghty ) is taking off tomorrow on a 56 day world trip which should earn her even greater acclaim as director of entertainment for next summer's International Trade fair .\\nArmed with letters from embassies to ministers of countries , especially those in the near and far east , Mrs. Geraghty `` will beat the bushes for oriental talent '' .\\n`` We ( the Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry ) expect to establish closer relations with nations and their cultural activities , and it will be easy as a member of the fair staff to bring in acts '' , explains Mrs. Geraghty .\\n`` For instance , Djakarta , Indonesia , has three groups of dancers interested in coming here .\\nI'm even going to try to get the whirling dervishes of Damascus '' ! !\\nThe last obstacle in Mrs. Geraghty's globe-girdling trip was smoothed out when a representative of Syria called upon her to explain that his brother would meet her at the border of that country -- so newly separated from Egypt and the United Arab Republic that she hadn't been able to obtain a visa .\\nFirst , Honolulu\\nHonolulu will be Mrs. Geraghty's first stop .\\nThen Japan , Hong Kong , Manila , India , Pakistan , Damascus , Beirut , and to Rome , London , and Paris `` to look over wonderful talent '' .\\nDec. 22 is the deadline for Mrs. Geraghty's return ; ;\\nthe Geraghtys' youngest daughter , Molly , bows in the Passavant Debutante Cotillion the next night .\\nMolly already has her cotillion gown , and it's fitted , says her mother .\\nAlso , invitations have been addressed to Molly's debut tea the afternoon of Dec. 29 in the Arts club .\\nIt won't be a `` tea '' , however , but more of an international folk song festival , with singers from Chicago's foreign groups to sing Christmas songs from around the world .\\nThe international theme will be continued with the Balkan strings playing for a dinner the Byron Harveys will give in the Racquet club after the tea .\\nMiss Abra Prentice's debut supper dance in the Casino will wind up the day .\\nBurke-Rostagno\\nThe Richard S. Burkes' home in Wayne may be the setting for the wedding reception for their daughter , Helen Lambert , and the young Italian she met last year while studying in Florence during her junior year at Smith college .\\nHe is Aldo Rostagno , son of the Guglielmo Rostagnos of Florence whom the Burkes met last year in Europe .\\nThe Burkes , who now live in Kankakee , are telling friends of the engagement .\\nMiss Burke , a graduate of Miss Hall's school , stayed on in Florence as a career girl .\\nHer fiance , who is with a publishing firm , translates many books from English into Italian .\\nHe will be coming here on business in December , when the wedding is to take place in Wayne .\\nMiss Burke will arrive in December also .\\nHere and there\\nA farewell supper Mr. and Mrs. Charles H. Sethness Jr. planned Sunday for Italian Consul General and Mrs. Giacomo Profili has been canceled because Mr. Sethness is in Illinois Masonic hospital for surgery .\\nMrs. William Odell , Mrs. Clinton B. King , John Holabird Jr. , Norman Boothby , and Actress Maureen O'Sullivan will judge the costumes in the grand march at the Affaire Old Towne Bal Masque tomorrow in the Germania club .\\nThe party is to raise money for the Old Town Art center and to plant more crabapple trees along the streets of Old Town .\\nLyon around : Columnist Walter Winchell , well and rat-a-tat-tatty again , wheeled thru town between trains yesterday en route to his Phoenix , Ariz. , rancho , portable typewriter in hand .\\nIf W. W.'s retiring soon , as hinted , he ain't talking -- yet .\\nPretty Sunny Ainsworth , the ex-Mrs. Tommy Manville and the ex-Mrs. Bud Arvey , joined Playboy-Show-Biz Illustrated , as a promotional copy writer .\\nShe's a whiz .\\nYou can get into an argument about fallout shelters at the drop of a beer stein in clubs and pubs these nights .\\nEverybody has a different idea on the ethics and morals of driving away neighbors , when and if .\\nComic Gary Morton signed to play the Living Room here Dec. 18 , because that's the only time his heart , Lucille Ball , can come along .\\nAnd watch for a headline from this pair any time now .\\nThe Living Room has another scoop : Jane Russell will make one of her rare night club singing appearances there , opening Jan. 22 .\\nLa Russell's run in `` Skylark '' , debuting next week at Drury Lane , already is a sellout .\\nJohnny Ray , at the same L. R. , has something to cry about .\\nHe's been warbling in severe pain ; ;\\na medico's injection inflamed a nerve , and Johnny can barely walk .\\nCharley Simonelli , top Universal-International film studio exec , makes an honest man out of this column .\\nAs we bulletin'd way back , he'll wed pretty Rosemary Strafaci , of the Golf Mag staff , in N. Y. C. today .\\nHandsome bachelor Charley was a favorite date of many of Hollywood's glamor gals for years .\\nGeorge Simon , exec director of Danny Thomas A. L. S. A. C. ( Aiding Leukemia Stricken American Children ) fund raising group , filled me in on the low-down phonies who are using phones to solicit funds for Danny's St. Jude hospital in Memphis .\\nThere is no such thing as an `` emergency telephone building fund drive '' .\\nThe only current event they're staging is the big show at the Stadium Nov. 25 , when Danny will entertain thousands of underprivileged kids .\\nYou can mail contribs to Danny Thomas , Post Office Box 7599 , Chicago .\\nSo , if anybody solicits by phone , make sure you mail the dough to the above .\\nOlivia De Havilland signed to do a Broadway play for Garson Kanin this season , `` A Gift of Time '' .\\nShe'll move to Gotham after years in Paris .\\nGorgeous Doris Day and her producer-hubby , Marty Melcher , drive in today from a motor tour thru New England .\\nD. D. will pop up with U-I Chief Milt Rackmil at the Carnegie theater tomorrow to toast 300 movie exhibitors .\\nIt'll be an all day affair with screenings of Doris' new one , `` Lover Come Back '' , and `` Flower Drum Song '' .\\nWhee the People : Lovely Thrush Annamorena gave up a promising show biz career to apply glamor touches to her hubby , Ray Lenobel's fur firm here .\\nTypical touch : She sold a $10,000 morning light mink to Sportsman Freddie Wacker for his frau , Jana Mason , also an ex-singer .\\nIn honor of the Wackers' new baby .\\nFur goodness sake ! !\\nEmcee Jack Herbert insists Dick Nixon's campaign slogan for governor of California is , `` Knight Must Fall '' ! !\\nGive generously when you buy candy today for the Brain Research Foundation .\\nIt's one of our town's worthiest charities .\\nBest Bet for Tonight : That darlin' dazzler from Paree , Genevieve , opening in the Empire room .\\nDave Trager , who is quite a showman and boss of Chicago's new pro basketball Packers , is debuting a new International club , for the exclusive use of season ticket holders , in the Stock Yards Inn .\\nJump off is tomorrow night when the Packs meet St. Louis in their season home opener .\\nNobody's mentioned it , but when ol' Casey Stengel takes over as boss of the New York Mets , he'll be the only baseballight ever to wear the uniform of all New York area clubs , past and present : Yankees , Dodgers , Giants , and now the Mets .\\nAnd Bernie Kriss calls the bayonet clashes at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate , `` The Battle of the Sentry '' ! !\\nThe jotted Lyon : This mad world dept. : Khrush and the Kremlin crowd are confident all right .\\nThey're contaminating the earth's atmosphere including their own via mighty megaton bombs but their own peasants still don't know about it ! !\\nMore : On the free world side .\\nAlbert John Luthuli , awarded a Nobel prize for his South African integration struggles , has to get permission to fly to collect his honor .\\nHmpf But on to the frothier side Johnny Weissmuller , the only real Tarzan , telephoned Maureen O'Sullivan , his first `` Jane '' ( now at Drury Lane ) and muttered , `` Me Tarzan , this Jane '' ? ?\\nSnapped Maureen , `` Me Jane '' ! !\\nActually Johnny is a glib , garrulous guy , with a rare sense of humor .\\nEverywhere he went in town , people sidled up , gave him the guttural bit or broke into a frightening Tarzan yodel .\\nHe kids his Tarzan roles more than anyone .\\n`` La Dolce Vita '' , the dynamite Italian flicker , opens at popular prices at the Loop theater Nov. 2 .\\nMy idea of masterful movie making .\\nBill Veeck's health is back to the dynamo stage , but his medics insist he rest for several more months before getting back into the baseball swim .\\nWilliam keeps up with our town's doings daily , via the Tribune , and he tells me he never misses the Ticker .\\nThat's our boy Bill .\\nJean Fardulli's Blue Angel is the first top local club to import that crazy new dance , the Twist .\\nThey'll start lessons , too , pronto .\\nA cheer here for Francis Lorenz , state treasurer , who will meet with the probate advisory board of the Chicago Bar association , for suggestions on how to handle the opening of safety deposit boxes after somebody dies .\\nAfter being closed for seven months , the Garden of the Gods Club will have its gala summer opening Saturday , June 3 .\\nMusic for dancing will be furnished by Allen Uhles and his orchestra , who will play each Saturday during June .\\nMembers and guests will be in for an added surprise with the new wing containing 40 rooms and suites , each with its own private patio .\\nGene Marshall , genial manager of the club , has announced that the Garden of the Gods will open to members Thursday , June 1 .\\nBeginning July 4 , there will be an orchestra playing nightly except Sunday and Monday for the summer season .\\nMrs. J. Edward Hackstaff and Mrs. Paul Luette are planning a luncheon next week in honor of Mrs. J. Clinton Bowman , who celebrates her birthday on Tuesday .\\nMr. and Mrs. Jerry Chase announce the birth of a daughter , Sheila , on Wednesday in Mercy Hospital .\\nGrandparents are Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Chase and Mr. and Mrs. Guy Mullenax of Kittredge .\\nMrs. Chase is the former Miss Mary Mullenax .\\nBack to w. coast\\nMrs. McIntosh Buell will leave Sunday to return to her home in Santa Barbara , Calif. , after spending a week in her Polo Grounds home .\\nMrs. John C. Vroman Jr. of Manzanola is spending several days in her Sherman Plaza apartment .\\nMr. and Mrs. Merrill Shoup have returned to their home in Colorado Springs after spending a few days at the Brown Palace Hotel .\\nBrig. Gen. and Mrs. Robert F. McDermott will entertain at a black tie dinner Wednesday , May 3 , in the Officers' Club at the Air Force Academy .\\nCocktail party\\nMr. and Mrs. Piero De Luise will honor Italian Consul and Mrs. Emilio Bassi at a cocktail party Tuesday , May 2 , from 6 to 8 p.m. in their home .\\nThe Bassis are leaving soon for their new post .\\nThere will be a stag dinner Friday evening at the Denver Country Club which will precede the opening of the 1961 golf season .\\nCocktails will be served from 6 to 7 p.m. , with dinner at 7 and entertainment in the main dining room immediately following .\\nMiss Betsy Parker was one of the speakers on the panel of the Eastern Women's Liberal Arts College panel on Wednesday evening in the Security Life Bldg. .\\nGuests were juniors in the public high schools .\\nFashion show\\nThe committee for the annual Central City fashion show has been announced by Mrs. D. W. Moore , chairman .\\nThe event , staged yearly by Neusteters , will be held in the Opera House Wednesday , Aug. 16 .\\nIt will be preceded by luncheon in the Teter House .\\nMrs. Roger Mead is head of the luncheon table decorations .\\nMrs. Stanley Wright is ticket chairman and Mrs. Theodore Pate is in charge of publicity .\\nMembers of the committee include Mrs. Milton Bernet , Mrs. J. Clinton Bowman , Mrs. Rollie W. Bradford , Mrs. Samuel Butler Jr. , Mrs. Donald Carr Campbell , Mrs. Douglas Carruthers , Mrs. John C. Davis 3 , , Mrs. Cris Dobbins , Mrs. William E. Glass , Mrs. Alfred Hicks 2 , , Mrs. Donald Magarrell , Mrs. Willett Moore , Mrs. Myron Neusteter , Mrs. Richard Gibson Smith , Mrs. James S. Sudier 2 , and Mrs. Thomas Welborn .\\nThe first committee meeting will be held on May 19 .\\nMr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Kelsey of Washington , D.C. , announce the birth of a daughter , Kira Ann Kelsey , on Monday in Washington , D.C. .\\nGrandparents are Mr. and Mrs. R.L. Rickenbaugh and Mr. and Mrs. E.O. Kelsey of Scarsdale , N.Y. .\\nMrs. Kelsey is the former Miss Ann Rickenbaugh .\\nA cheery smile , a compassionate interest in others and a practical down-to-earth approach .\\nThose qualities make Esther Marr a popular asset at the Salvation Army's Social Center at 1200 Larimer St. .\\nThe pert , gray-haired woman who came to Denver three years ago from Buffalo , N.Y. , is a `` civilian '' with the Army .\\nHer position covers a number of daily tasks common to any social director .\\nThe job also covers a number of other items .\\n`` Mom '' Marr , as the more than 80 men at the center call her , is the link that helps to bridge the gulf between alcoholics and the outside world and between parolees and society .\\nHer day starts early , but no matter how many pressing letters there are to be written ( and during May , which is National Salvation Army Week , there are plenty ) , schedules to be made or problems to be solved , Mrs. Marr's office is always open and the welcome mat is out .\\nMrs. Marr is the first contact a Skid Row figure talks to after he decides he wants to pick himself up .\\nShe sees that there is a cup of steaming hot coffee awaiting him and the two chat informally as she presents the rules of the center and explains procedures .\\n`` Usually at this point a man is withdrawn from society and one of my jobs is to see that he relearns to mingle with his fellow men '' , Mrs. Marr explained .\\nThe Denverite has worked out an entire program to achieve this using the facilities of the center .\\n`` And I bum tickets to everything I can '' , she said .\\n`` I've become the greatest beggar in the world '' .\\nIn addition to the tickets to the movies , sporting events and concerts , Mrs. Marr lines up candy and cookies because alcoholics require a lot of sweets to replace the sugar in their system .\\nMrs. Marr also has a number of parolees to `` mother '' , watching to see that they do not break their parole and that they also learn to readjust to society .\\nBy mid-June , millions of Americans will take to the road on vacation trips up and down and back and forth across this vast and lovely land .\\nIn another four weeks , with schools closed across the nation , the great all-American summer safari will be under way .\\nBy July 1 , six weeks from now , motel-keepers all over the nation will , by 6 p.m. , be switching on that bleak -- to motorists -- sign , `` No Vacancy '' .\\nNo matter how many Americans go abroad in summer , probably a hundred times as many gas up the family car , throw suitcases , kids and comic books in the back seat , and head for home .\\nAnd where is `` home '' , that magic place of the heart ? ?\\nAh , that is simple .\\nHome is where a man was born , reared , went to school and , most particularly , where grandma is .\\nThat is where we turn in the good old summertime .\\nThe land lies ready for the coming onslaught .\\nMy husband and I , a month ahead of the rush , have just finished a 7-day motor journey of 2809 miles from Tucson , Ariz. , to New York City :\\nset for influx\\nI can testify that motels , service and comfort stations ( they go together like Scots and heather ) , dog wagons , roadside restaurants , souvenir stands and snake farms are braced and waiting .\\nI hope it can be said without boasting that no other nation offers its vacationing motorists such variety and beauty of scene , such an excellent network of roads on which to enjoy it and such decent , far-flung over-night accommodations .\\nMaybe motel-keeping isn't the nation's biggest industry , but it certainly looks that way from the highway .\\nThere are motels for all purposes and all tastes .\\nThere are even motels for local weather peculiarities in Shamrock , Tex. , as I discovered .\\nThere the Royal Motel advertises `` all facilities , vented heat , air conditioned , carpeted , free TV , storm cellar '' .\\nMany with pools\\nInnumerable motels from Tucson to New York boast swimming pools ( `` swim at your own risk '' is the hospitable sign poised at the brink of most pools ) .\\nSome even boast two pools , one for adults and one for children .\\nBut the Royal Motel in Shamrock was the only one that offered the comfort and security of a storm cellar .\\nMotorists like myself who can remember the old `` tourists accommodated '' signs on farm houses and village homes before World War 2 , can only marvel at the great size and the luxury of the relatively new and fast-grossing motel business .\\nAll for $14 ! !\\nAt the Boxwood Motel in Winchester , Va. , we accidentally drew the honeymoon suite , an elegant affair with wall-to-wall carpeting , gold and white furniture , pink satin brocade chairs , 24-inch TV and a pink tile bath with masses of pink towels .\\nAll for $14 .\\nThat made up for the `` best '' motel in Norman , Okla. , where the proprietor knocked $2 off the $8.50 tab when we found ants in the pressed-paper furniture .\\nOxnard , Calif. , will be the home of the Rev. Robert D. Howard and his bride , the former Miss Judith Ellen Gay , who were married Saturday at the Munger Place Methodist Church .\\nParents of the bride are Mr. and Mrs. Ferris M. Gay , 7034 Coronado .\\nThe bridegroom is the son of Mrs. James Baines of Los Angeles , Calif. , and Carl E. Howard of Santa Monica , Calif. .\\nHe is a graduate of UCLA and Perkins School of Theology , Aj .\\nDr. W. B. I. Martin officiated , and the bride was given in marriage by her father .\\nHonor attendants for the couple were Miss Sandra Branum and Warren V. McRoberts .\\nThe couple will honeymoon in Sequoia National Park , Calif. .\\nMiss Joan Frances Baker , a graduate of SMU , was married Saturday to Elvis Leonard Mason , an honor graduate of Lamar State College of Technology , in the chapel of the First Presbyterian Church of Houston .\\nThe bride , daughter of Rhodes Semmes Baker Jr. of Houston and the late Mrs. Baker , was president of Kappa Kappa Gamma and a member of Mortar Board at Aj .\\nHer husband , who is the son of Alton John Mason of Shreveport , La. , and the late Mrs. Henry Cater Parmer , was president of Alpha Tau Omega and a member of Delta Sigma Pi at Lamar Tech , and did graduate work at Rhodes University in Grahamstown , South Africa , on a Rotary Fellowship .\\nThe Rev. Richard Freeman of Texas City officiated and Charles Pabor and Mrs. Marvin Hand presented music .\\nThe bride was given in marriage by her father .\\nShe wore a court-length gown of organdy designed with bateau neckline and princesse skirt accented by lace appliques .\\nHer veil was caught to a crown , and she carried gardenias and stephanotis .\\nMiss Mary Ross of Baird was maid of honor , and bridesmaids were Miss Pat Dawson of Austin , Mrs. Howard M. Dean of Hinsdale , Ill. , and Mrs. James A. Reeder of Shreveport , La. .\\nCecil Mason of Hartford , Conn. , was best man for his brother , and groomsmen were Rhodes S. Baker 3 , of Houston , Dr. James Carter of Houston and Conrad McEachern of New Orleans , La. .\\nLee Jackson and Ken Smith , both of Houston , and Alfred Neumann of Beaumont seated guests .\\nAfter a reception at The Mayfair , the newlyweds left for a wedding trip to New Orleans , La. .\\nThey will live in Corpus Christi .\\nMiss Shirley Joan Meredith , a former student of North Texas State University , was married Saturday to Larry W. Mills , who has attended Arlington State College .\\nThey will live at 2705 Fitzhugh after a wedding trip to Corpus Christi .\\nParents of the couple are Ray Meredith of Denton and the late Mrs. Meredith and Mrs. Hardy P. Mills of Floresville and the late Mr. Mills .\\nThe Rev. Melvin Carter officiated at the ceremony in Slaughter Chapel of the First Baptist Church .\\nDan Beam presented music and the bride was given in marriage by her father .\\nShe wore a gown of satin designed along princesse lines and featuring a flared skirt and lace jacket with bateau neckline .\\nHer veil was caught to a pearl headdress , and she carried stephanotis and orchids .\\nMiss Glenda Kay Meredith of Denton was her sister's maid of honor , and Vernon Lewelleyn of San Angelo was best man .\\nRobert Lovelace and Cedric Burgher Jr. seated guests .\\nA reception was held at the church .\\nThe First Christian Church of Pampa was the setting for the wedding last Sunday of Miss Marcile Marie Glison and Thomas Earl Loving Jr. , who will live at 8861 Gaston after a wedding trip to New Orleans , La.\\nThe bride , daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Ervin Glison of Pampa , has attended Texas Woman's University and will continue her studies at Aj .\\n`` A Night in New Orleans '' is the gayety planned by members of the Thrift Shop Committee for May 6 at Philmont Country Club .\\nThe women have a reputation for giving parties that are different and are fun and this year's promises to follow in this fine tradition .\\nMrs. H. J. Grinsfelder is chairman .\\nThe Louisiana city is known , of course , for its fine food , good music and its colorful hospitality `` and , when guests arrive at Philmont that night '' , says Mrs. Grinsfelder , `` that is exactly what we expect to offer them .\\nWe've been working for weeks .\\nThe prospects look great .\\nWe are keeping a number of surprises under our hats .\\nBut we can't tell it all now and then have no new excitement later '' .\\nBasin Street Beat\\nBut she does indicate festivities will start early , that a jazz combo will `` give with the Basin Street beat '' during the cocktail and dinner hours and that Lester Lanin's orchestra will take over during the dancing .\\nAs for food , Mrs. Henry Louchheim , chairman of this phase , is a globetrotter who knows good food .\\n`` New Orleans '' ? ?\\nShe says , `` of course I've had the best .\\nIt is just bad luck that we are having the party in a month with no R's , so no oysters .\\nBut we have lots of other New Orleans specialties .\\nI know they will be good .\\nWe've tried them out on the club chef -- or say , he has tried them out on us and we have selected the best '' .\\nScenic effects\\nGuests will be treated to Gulf Coast scenic effects .\\nThere will be masses of flowers , reproductions of the handsome old buildings with their grillwork and other things that are typical of New Orleans .\\nMrs. Harry K. Cohen is chairman of this phase and she is getting an artistic assist from A. Van Hollander , display director of Gimbel Brothers .\\nThe gala is the Thrift Shop's annual bundle party and , as all Thrift Shop friends know , that means the admission is a bundle of used clothing in good condition , contributions of household equipment , bric-a-brac and such to stock the shelves at the shop's headquarters at 1213 Walnut St. .\\nBundle centers\\nFor the convenience of guests bundle centers have been established throughout the city and suburbs where the donations may be deposited between now and the date of the big event .\\nIn addition to the bundles , guests pay the cost of their dinners .\\nMembers of the young set who would like to come to the party only during the dancing time are welcomed .\\nThe Thrift Shop , with Mrs. Bernhard S. Blumenthal as president , is one of the city's most successful fund-raisers for the Federation of Jewish Agencies .\\nSome idea of the competence of the women is indicated in the contribution made by them during the past 25 years that totals $840,000 .\\nIt's big business\\n`` Big business , this little Thrift Shop business '' , say the members .\\nFor most of the 25 years the operation was under feminine direction .\\nIn the past few years the men , mostly husbands of members , have taken an interest .\\nLouis Glazer is chairman of the men's committee that , among other jobs , takes over part of the responsibility for staffing the shop during its evening hours .\\nMrs. Theodore Kapnek is vice chairman of the committee for the gala .\\nMrs. Richard Newburger is chairman of hostesses .\\nMrs. Arthur Loeb is making arrangements for a reception ; ;\\nMrs. Joan Lichtenstein , for publicity ; ;\\nMrs. Harry M. Rose , Jr. , for secretarial duties ; ;\\nMrs. Ralph Taussig , for junior aides ; ;\\nMr. and Mrs. B. Lewis Kaufnabb , for senior aides , and Mrs. Samuel P. Weinberg , for the bundles .\\nIn addition , Mr. and Mrs. Allan Goodman are controllers , Mrs. Paul Stone is treasurer and Mrs. Albert Quell is in charge of admittance for the dancing at 9 P.m. .\\nBesides the bundle centers where contributions may be made there will be facilities at Philmont Country Club for those who would like to bring the bundles on the night of the party .\\nThe women's committee of St. David's Church will hold its annual pre-Fair pink parade , a dessert bridge and fashion show at 1 p.m. on Monday , April 17 , in the chapel assembly room , Wayne .\\nMrs. Robert O. Spurdle is chairman of the committee , which includes Mrs. James A. Moody , Mrs. Frank C. Wilkinson , Mrs. Ethel Coles , Mrs. Harold G. Lacy , Mrs. Albert W. Terry , Mrs. Henry M. Chance , 2d , Mrs. Robert O. Spurdle , Jr. , Mrs. Harcourt N. Trimble , Jr. , Mrs. John A. Moller , Mrs. Robert Zeising , Mrs. William G. Kilhour , Mrs. Hughes Cauffman , Mrs. John L. Baringer and Mrs. Clyde Newman .\\nThe fashion show , by Natalie Collett will have Mrs. John Newbold as commentator .\\nModels will be Mrs. Samuel B. D. Baird , Mrs. William H. Meyle , Jr. , Mrs. Richard W. Hole , Mrs. William F. Harrity , Mrs. Robert O. Spurdle , Mrs. E. H. Kloman , Mrs. Robert W. Wolcott , Jr. , Mrs. Frederick C. Wheeler , Jr. , Mrs. William A Boyd , Mrs F. Vernon Putt .\\nCol. Clifton Lisle , of Chester Springs , who headed the Troop Committee for much of its second and third decades , is now an honorary member .\\nEach year he invites the boys to camp out on his estate for one of their big week ends of the year .\\nThe Troop is proud of its camping-out program -- on year-round schedule and was continued even when sub-zero temperatures were registered during the past winter .\\n`` We worry '' , say the mothers .\\n`` But there never is any need .\\nThe boys love it '' .\\nMrs. John Charles Cotty is chairman of publicity for the country fair and Mrs. Francis G. Felske and Mrs. Francis Smythe , of posters .\\nThey all are of Wayne .\\n`` Meet the Artist '' is the invitation issued by members of the Greater Philadelphia Section of the National Council of Jewish Women as they arrange for an annual exhibit and sale of paintings and sculpture at the Philmont Country Club on April 8 and 9 .\\nA preview party for sponsors of the event and for the artists is set for April 8 .\\nThe event will be open to the public the following day .\\nProceeds will be used by the section to further its program in science , education and social action on local , national and international levels .\\nNoted artist\\nMrs. Monte Tyson , chairman , says the work of 100 artists well known in the Delaware Valley area will be included in the exhibition and sale .\\nAmong them will be Marc Shoettle , Ben Shahn , Nicholas Marsicano , Alfred Van Loen and Milton Avery .\\nMr. Shoettle has agreed to do a portrait of the family of the person who wins the door prize .\\nThe event is the sixth on the annual calendar of the local members of the National Council of Jewish Women .\\nIt originated with the Wissahickon Section .\\nWhen this and other units combined to form the present group , it was taken on as a continuing fund-raiser .\\nOthers assisting\\nMrs. Jerome Blum and Mrs. Meyer Schultz are co-chairmen this year .\\nAssisting as chairmen of various committees are Mrs. Alvin Blum , Mrs. Leonard Malmud , Mrs. Edward Fernberger , Mrs. Robert Cushman .\\nAlso Mrs. Berton Korman , Mrs. Morton Rosen , Mrs. Jacques Zinman , Mrs. Evelyn Rosen , Mrs. Henry Schultz , Mr. and Mrs. I. S. Kamens , Mrs. Jack Langsdorf , Mrs. Leonard Liss , Mrs. Gordon Blumberg , Mrs. Oscar Bregman , Mrs. Alfred Kershbaum and Mrs. Edward Sabol .\\nDr. and Mrs. N. Volney Ludwick have had as guests Mr. and Mrs. John J. Evans , Jr. , of `` Kimbolton House '' , Rockhall , Md. .\\nMrs. Edward App will entertain the members of her Book Club on Tuesday .\\nMrs. A. Voorhees Anderson entertained at a luncheon at her home , on Monday .\\nMr. and Mrs. Anderson were entertained at dinner on Sunday by Mr. and Mrs. Frank Coulson , of Fairless Hills .\\nMr. and Mrs. Major Morris and their son-in-law and daughter , Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Glennon , and their children will spend several days in Brigantine , N. J. .\\nMr. and Mrs. James Janssen announce the birth of a daughter , Patricia Lynn Janssen , on March 2 .\\nMr. and Mrs. Charles Marella announce the engagement of their daughter , Miss Mary Ann Marella , to Mr. Robert L. Orcutt , son of Mr. and Mrs. Donald R. Orcutt , of Drexel Hill .\\nMiss Eileen Grant is spending several weeks visiting in Florida .\\nMr. and Mrs. Frederick Heinze are entertaining Mr. Walter Lehner , of Vienna ; ;\\nMr. Ingo Dussa , of Dusseldorf , Germany , and Mr. Bietnar Haaek , of Brelin .\\nMr. and Mrs. Harry D. Hoaps , Jr. have returned to their home in Drexel Park , after spending some time in Delray Beach Fla. .\\nMr. and Mrs. James F. Mitchell , with their daughter , Anne , and son , James , Jr. are spending several weeks in Florida , and will visit in Clearwater .\\nCmdr. Warren Taylor , USN. , and Mrs. Taylor , of E. Greenwich , R. I. , will have with them for the Easter holidays the latter's parents , Mr. and Mrs. John B. Walbridge , of Drexel Hill .\\nMr. and Mrs. L. DeForest Emmert , formerly of Drexel Hill , and now of Newtown Square , are entertaining Mr. and Mrs. Ashman E. Emmert , of Temple , Pa. .\\nMrs. William H. Merner , of Drexel Park , entertained at a luncheon at her home on Wednesday .\\nMr. and Mrs. Robert Brown will return next week from Bermuda .\\nMrs. H. E. Godwin will entertain the members of her Book Club at her home on Tuesday .\\nDr. and Mrs. Richard Peter Vieth announce the engagement of their daughter , Miss Susan Ann Vieth , to Mr. Conrad Wall 3 , , son of Dr. Conrad Wall 2 , , and Mrs. Nell Kennedy Wall .\\nThe marriage will be quietly celebrated in early February .\\nMiss Vieth was graduated from the Louise S. McGehee school and is attending Wellesley College in Wellesley , Mass. .\\nHer mother is the former Miss Stella Hayward .\\nMr. Wall is a student at Tulane university , where he is a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity .\\nTheir Majesties , The Queen of Carnival and The Queen of Comus , have jointly issued invitations for Shrove Tuesday evening at midnight at which time they will entertain in the grand ballroom of a downtown hotel following the balls of Rex and Comus .\\nMr. and Mrs. Richard B. McConnell and their son-in-law and daughter , Mr. and Mrs. Raymond B. Walker will be hosts this Tuesday evening at dinner at the State St. home of the Walkers honoring Mrs. McConnell's debutante niece , Miss Barbara Williams .\\nDebutante Miss Lady Helen Hardy will be feted at luncheon this Tuesday at which the hostess will be Mrs. Edwin Socola of Waveland , Miss. .\\nShe will entertain at a Vieux Carre restaurant at 1 o'clock in the early afternoon .\\nAnother debutante , Miss Virginia Richmond , will also be the honoree this Wednesday at luncheon at which Mrs. John Dane , will be hostess entertaining at a downtown hotel .\\nMiss Katherine Vickery , who attends Sweet Briar College in Virginia , will rejoin her father , Dr. Eugene Vickery , at the family home in Richmond pl. Wednesday for part of the Carnival festivities .\\nWhen the Achaeans entertained Wednesday last at their annual Carnival masquerade ball , Miss Margaret Pierson was chosen to rule over the festivities , presented at the Muncipal Auditorium and chosen as her ladies in waiting were Misses Clayton Nairne , Eleanor Eustis , Lynn Chapman , Irwin Leatherman of Robinsonville , Miss. and Helene Rowley .\\nThe large municipal hall was ablaze with color , which shown out from the bright array of chic ballgowns worn by those participating in the `` maskers' dances '' .\\nThe mother of young queen , Mrs. G. Henry Pierson Jr. chose a white brocade gown made on slim lines with panels of tomato-red and bright green satin extending down the back .\\nMrs. Thomas Jordan selected a black taffeta frock made with a skirt of fringed tiers and worn with crimson silk slippers .\\nMrs. Clayton Nairne , whose daughter , was among the court maids , chose a deep greenish blue lace gown .\\nMrs. Fenwick Eustis , whose daughter was also a maid to the queen , wore an ashes of roses slipper satin gown .\\nMrs. Peter Feringa Jr. , last year's Achaeans' queen , chose an eggshell white filmy lace short dress made with a wide decolletage trimmed with an edging of tulle .\\nMrs. Eustis Reily's olive-green street length silk taffeta dress was embroidered on the bodice with gold threads and golden sequins and beads .\\nThe Baltimore and Ohio Railroad announced yesterday it would reduce the total amount of its payroll by 10 per cent through salary cuts and lay-offs effective at 12:01 A.M. next Saturday .\\nThe current monthly payroll comes to about $15,000,000 .\\nHoward E. Simpson , the railroad's president , said , `` A drastic decline in freight loading due principally to the severe slump in the movement of heavy goods has necessitated this regrettable action '' .\\nThe reduction in expenses will affect employees in the thirteen states in which the B. & O. operates .\\nSalary cut and lay-offs\\nIt will be accomplished in two ways : 1\\nA flat reduction of 10 per cent in the salary of all officers , supervisors and other employees not belonging to unions .\\nThere are about 3,325 officers and employees in this class .\\n2\\nSufficient lay-offs of union employees to bring about a 10 per cent cut in the union payroll expense .\\nSince the railroad cannot reduce the salary of individual union members under contract , it must accomplish its payroll reduction by placing some of the men on furlough , a B. & O. spokesman said .\\nThose union members kept on their jobs , therefore , will not take a cut in their wages .\\nThe spokesman said the number to be furloughed cannot be estimated since the lay-offs must be carried out in each area depending on what men are most needed on the job .\\nA thug struck a cab driver in the face with a pistol last night after robbing him of $18 at Franklin and Mount Streets .\\nThe victim , Norman B. Wiley , 38 , of the 900 block North Charles Street , was treated for cuts at Franklin Square Hospital after the robbery .\\nThe driver told police he followed as the Negro man got out of the cab with his money .\\nThe victim was beaten when he attempted to stop the bandit .\\nHe said the assailant , who was armed with a automatic , entered the taxi at Pennsylvania Avenue and Gold Street .\\nIn another attack , Samuel Verstandig , 41 , proprietor of a food store in the 2100 block Aiken Street , told police two Negroes assaulted him in his store and stole $150 from the cash register after choking and beating him .\\nA baby was burned to death and two other children were seriously injured last night in a fire which damaged their one-room Anne Arundel county home .\\nThe victim Darnell Somerville , Negro , 1 , was pronounced dead on arrival at Anne Arundel General Hospital in Annapolis .\\nHis sister and brother , Marie Louise , 3 , and John Raymond , Jr. 22 months , were admitted to the hospital .\\nThe girl was in critical condition with burns over 90 per cent of her body .\\nBoy in fair condition\\nThe boy received second-degree burns of the face , neck and back .\\nHis condition was reported to be fair .\\nPolice said the children's mother , Mrs. Eleanor Somerville , was visiting next door when the fire occurred .\\nThe house is on Old Annapolis road a mile south of Severna Park , at Jones Station , police said .\\nAnnapolis , Jan. 7\\n-- The Anne Arundel county school superintendent has asked that the Board of Education return to the practice of recording its proceedings mechanically so that there will be no more question about who said what .\\nThe proposal was made by Dr. David S. Jenkins after he and Mrs. D. Ellwood Williams , Jr. , a board member and long-time critic of the superintendent , argued for about fifteen minutes at this week's meeting .\\nThe disagreement was over what Dr. Jenkins had said at a previous session and how his remarks appeared in the minutes presented at the following meeting .\\nCites discrepancies\\nMrs. Williams had a list which she said contained about nine or ten discrepancies between her memory of Dr. Jenkins's conversation and how they were written up for the board's approval .\\n`` I hate to have these things come up again and again '' , Dr. Jenkins commented as he made his suggestion .\\n`` These are the board's minutes .\\nI'll write what you tell me to '' .\\nFor a number of years the board used a machine to keep a permanent record but abandoned the practice about two years ago .\\nIt was about that time , a board member said later , that Dr. Thomas G. Pullen , Jr. , State superintendent of schools , told Dr. Jenkins and a number of other education officials that he would not talk to them with a recording machine sitting in front of him .\\nThe Board of County Commissioners , the Sanitary Commission , the Planning and Zoning Board and other county official bodies use recording machines for all public business in order to prevent law suits and other misunderstandings about what actually happened at their meetings .\\nDr. Jenkins notes , however , that most of the school boards in the State do not do so .\\nState Senator Joseph A. Bertorelli ( D. , First Baltimore ) had a stroke yesterday while in his automobile in the 200 block of West Pratt Street .\\nHe was taken to University Hospital in a municipal ambulance .\\nDoctors at the hospital said he was partially paralyzed on the right side .\\nHis condition was said to be , `` fair '' .\\nPolice said he became ill while parked in front of a barber shop at 229 West Pratt Street .\\nBarber summoned\\nHe called Vincent L. Piraro , proprietor of the shop , who summoned police and an ambulance .\\nThe vice president of the City Council complained yesterday that there are `` deficiencies '' in the city's snow clearing program which should be corrected as soon as possible .\\nCouncilman William D. Schaefer ( D. , Fifth ) said in a letter to Mayor Grady that plowing and salting crews should be dispatched earlier in storms and should be kept on the job longer than they were last month .\\nWerner criticized\\nConceding that several cities to the north were in worse shape than Baltimore after the last storm , Mr. Schaefer listed several improvements he said should be made in the snow plan here .\\nHe said the snow plan was put in effect too slowly in December .\\nEquipment should be in operation `` almost immediately after the first snowfall '' , Mr. Schaefer said .\\nThe Councilman , who is the Administration floor leader , also criticized Bernard L. Werner , public works director , for `` halting snow operations '' on Tuesday night after the Sunday storm .\\nSent home for rest\\nMr. Werner said yesterday that operations continued through the week .\\nWhat he did , Mr. Werner said , was let manual laborers go home Tuesday night for some rest .\\nWork resumed Wednesday , he said .\\nMr. Schaefer also recommended that the snow emergency route plan , under which parking is banned on key streets and cars are required to use snow tires or chains on them , should be `` strictly enforced '' .\\nAdmitting that main streets and the central business district should have priority , the Councilman said it is also essential that small shopping areas `` not be overlooked if our small merchants are to survive '' .\\nRecounting personal observations of clearance work , the Councilman cited instances of inefficient use of equipment or supplies by poorly trained workers and urged that plow blades be set so they do not leave behind a thin layer of snow which eventually freezes .\\nAnnapolis , Jan. 7 ( special )\\n-- The 15-year-old adopted son of a Washington attorney and his wife , who were murdered early today in their Chesapeake Bay-front home , has been sent to Spring Grove State Hospital for detention .\\nThe victims were H. Malone Dresbach , 47 , and his wife , Shirley , 46 .\\nEach had been shot in the back several times with a\\nautomatic rifle , according to Capt. Elmer Hagner , chief of Anne Arundel detectives .\\nJudge Benjamin Michaelson signed the order remanding the boy to the hospital because of the lack of juvenile accommodations at the Anne Arundel County Jail .\\nThe Circuit Court jurist said the boy will have a hearing in Juvenile Court .\\nYounger son calls police\\nSoon after 10 A.M. , when police reached the 1-1/2-story brick home in the Franklin Manor section , 15 miles south of here on the bay , in response to a call from the Dresbach's other son , Lee , 14 , they found Mrs. Dresbach's body on the first-floor bedroom floor .\\nHer husband was lying on the kitchen floor , police said .\\nThe younger son told police his brother had run from the house after the shootings and had driven away in their mother's car .\\nThe description of the car was immediately broadcast throughout Southern Maryland on police radio .\\nTwo brothers adopted\\nPolice said the boys are natural brothers and were adopted as small children by the Dresbachs .\\nTrooper J. A. Grzesiak spotted the wanted car , with three boys , at a Route 2 service station , just outside Annapolis .\\nThe driver admitted he was the Dresbachs' son and all three were taken to the Edgewater Station , police said .\\nAnnapolis , Jan. 7\\n-- Governor Tawes today appointed Lloyd L. Simpkins , his administrative assistant , as Maryland's Secretary of State .\\nMr. Simpkins will move into the post being vacated by Thomas B. Finan , earlier named Attorney General to succeed C. Ferdinand Sybert , who will be elevated to an associate judgeship on the Maryland Court of Appeals .\\nGovernor Tawes announced that a triple swearing-in ceremony will be held in his office next Friday .\\nSimpkins from Somerset\\nMr. Simpkins is a resident of Somerset county , and he and the Governor , also a Somerset countian , have been friends since Mr. Simpkins was a child .\\nNow 38 , Mr. Simpkins was graduated from the University of Maryland's College of Agriculture in 1947 .\\nFive years later , he was awarded the university's degree in law .\\nMr. Simpkins made a name for himself as a member of the House of Delegates from 1951 through 1958 .\\nFrom the outset of his first term , he established himself as one of the guiding spirits of the House of Delegates .\\nMaryland contracts for future construction during October totaled $77,389,000 , up to 10 per cent compared to October , 1960 , F. W. Dodge , Dodge Corporation , reported .\\nDodge reported the following breakdown :\\nNonresidential at $20,447,000 , down 28 per cent ; ;\\nresidential at $47,101,000 , up 100 per cent ; ;\\nand heavy engineering at $9,841,000 , down 45 per cent .\\nThe cumulative total of construction contracts for the first ten months of 1961 amounted to $634,517,000 , a 4 per cent increase compared to the corresponding period of last year .\\nA breakdown of the ten-month total showed :\\nNonresidential at $253,355,000 , up 22 per cent ; ;\\nresidential at $278,877,000 , up 12 per cent ; ;\\nand heavy engineering at $102,285,000 , down 33 per cent .\\nResidential building consists of houses , apartments , hotels , dormitories and other buildings designed for shelter .\\nThe share of the new housing market enjoyed by apartments , which began about six years ago , has more than tripled within that span of time .\\nIn 1961 , it is estimated that multiple unit dwellings will account for nearly 30 per cent of the starts in residential construction .\\nWhile availability of mortgage money has been a factor in encouraging apartment construction , the generally high level of prosperity in the past few years plus rising consumer income are among the factors that have encouraged builders to concentrate in the apartment-building field .\\nAlthough economic and personal circumstances vary widely among those now choosing apartments , Leo J. Pantas , vice president of a hardware manufacturing company , pointed out recently that many apartment seekers seem to have one characteristic in common : a desire for greater convenience and freedom from the problems involved in maintaining a house .\\nConvenience held key\\n`` Convenience is therefore the key to the housing market today .\\nTrouble-free , long-life , quality components will play an increasingly important part in the merchandising of new housing in 1960 '' , Pantas predicted .\\nSixty-seven living units are being added to the 165-unit Harbor View Apartments in the Cherry Hill section .\\nUltimately the development will comprise 300 units , in two-story and three-story structures .\\nVarious of the apartments are of the terrace type , being on the ground floor so that entrance is direct .\\nOthers , which are reached by walking up a single flight of stairs , have balconies .\\nThe structures housing the apartments are of masonry and frame construction .\\nHeating is by individual gas-fired , forced warm air systems .\\nConstruction in 1962 will account for about 15 per cent of the gross national product , according to a study by Johns-Manville Corporation .\\nLondon , Feb. 9\\n-- Vital secrets of Britain's first atomic submarine , the Dreadnought , and , by implication , of the entire United States navy's still-building nuclear sub fleet , were stolen by a London-based soviet spy ring , secret service agents testified today .\\nThe Dreadnought was built on designs supplied by the United States in 1959 and was launched last year .\\nIt is a killer sub -- that is , a hunter of enemy subs .\\nIt has a hull patterned on that of the United States navy's Nautilus , the world's first atomic submarine .\\nIts power unit , however , was derived from the reactor of the more modern American nuclear submarine Skipjack .\\nFive held for trial\\nThe announcement that the secrets of the Dreadnought had been stolen was made in Bow St. police court here at the end of a three day hearing .\\nA full trial was ordered for :\\nTwo British civil servants , Miss Ethel Gee , 46 , and her newly devoted friend , Harry Houghton , 55 , and divorced .\\nThey are accused of whisking secrets out of naval strongrooms over which they kept guard .\\nGordon A. Lonsdale , 37 , a mystery man presumed to be Russian although he carries a Canadian passport .\\nWhen arrested , he had the submarine secrets on a roll of candid camera film as well as anti-submarine secrets in Christmas gift wrapping , it was testified .\\nFlashed to Moscow\\nA shadowy couple who call themselves Peter Kroger , bookseller , and wife , Joyce .\\n( In Washington , the Federal Bureau of Investigation identified the Krogers as Morris and Lola Cohen , an American couple formerly of New York City )\\n.\\nIn their suburban cottage the crown charges , the Krogers received secrets from the mystery man , usually on the first Saturday evening of each month , and spent much of the week-end getting the secrets off to Moscow , either on a powerful transmitter buried under the kitchen floor or as dots posted over period marks in used books .\\nEach dot on magnification resumed its original condition as a drawing , a printed page , or a manuscript .\\nAll five pleaded innocent .\\nOnly Miss Gee asked for bail .\\nHer young British lawyer , James Dunlop , pleaded that she was sorely needed at her Portland home by her widowed mother , 80 , her maiden aunt , also 80 and bedridden for 20 years , and her uncle , 76 , who once ran a candy shop .\\nRefuses to grant bail\\n`` I am not prepared to grant bail to any of them '' , said the magistrate , K.J.P. Baraclough .\\nThe trial will be held , probably the first week of March , in the famous Old Bailey central criminal court where Klaus Fuchs , the naturalized British German born scientist who succeeded in giving American and British atomic bomb secrets to Russia and thereby changed world history during the 1950s , was sentenced to 14 years in prison .\\nFourteen years is the maximum penalty now faced by the new five , who may have altered history in the 1960s .\\nFuchs , after nine and a half years , was released , being given time off for good behavior .\\nHe promptly went to communist East Germany .\\nThe magistrate tonight refused to return to the five $29,000 in American and British currency , mostly $20 bills , and in British government bonds and stocks .\\n`` This is Russian money '' , said Mervin Griffith-Jones for the attorney general's office .\\nHe asserted that the Krogers were the bankers for Moscow , Lonsdale the Red paymaster , and the two civil servants the recipients for selling their country's secrets .\\n`` Of highest value ''\\nThe fact that secrets of the Dreadnought , and thereby of the American undersea fleet , were involved in the spy case had been hinted at earlier .\\nBut just before luncheon today the fact was announced grimly by the British navy's chief adviser to the cabinet on underwater warfare , Capt. George Symonds .\\nHe said that drawings of the Dreadnought and printed details about the ship were found reproduced in an undeveloped roll of film taken from Lonsdale when he was arrested with the two civil servants outside the Old Vic theater Saturday afternoon , Jan. 7 .\\nThe information , he said , would have been of the highest value to a potential enemy .\\nCourt cleared\\nJust how many sub secrets were being handed over when the ring , watched for six months , was broken remained untold .\\nThe British defending lawyers , who today increased from three to four , demanded to know if they could make the information involved seem of little value to a jury , the chances of their clients would improve .\\nSo in the name of justice the magistrate cleared the court of all except officials to allow the captain to elaborate for almost an hour .\\nAlmost any information about the Dreadnought would also reveal secrets about the American underwater fleet .\\nBritain began designing the ship in 1956 but got nowhere until the American government decided to end a ban on sharing military secrets with Britain that had been imposed after Fuchs blabbed .\\nThe United States offered to supply a complete set of propelling equipment like that used in the Skipjack .\\nWith the machinery went a complete design for the hull .\\nThe Skipjack was a second generation atomic sub , much advanced on the Nautilus and the other four which preceded it .\\nNavy's future involved\\n`` Much of the navy's future depends upon her '' , an American naval announcement said on the Skipjack's first arrival in British waters in August , 1959 , for exhibition to selected high officers at Portland underwater research station .\\nIt was there that the two accused civil servants were at work .\\n`` Her basic hull form ( a teardrop ) and her nuclear power plant will be used for almost all new submarines , including the potent Polaris missile submarines '' , the statement went on .\\nThe atom reactor , water cooled , was the result of almost a decade of research at the naval reactors branch of the atomic energy commission and Westinghouse Electric Corp. .\\nThru development , the reactor and its steam turbines had been reduced greatly in size , and also in complexity , allowing a single propeller to be used , the navy said .\\nThe hull was also a result of almost a decade of work .\\nIt was first tried out on a conventional submarine , the Albacore , in 1954 .\\nThe Skipjack became the fastest submarine ever built .\\nReputedly it could outrun , underwater , the fastest destroyers .\\nIt could , reputedly , go 70,000 miles without refueling and stay down more than a month .\\nIt was of the hunter-killer type , designed to seek out ships and other submarines with its most advanced gear and destroy them with torpedoes .\\nThe navy captain disclosed also that a list of questions found in Miss Gee's purse would , if completed and handed back , have given the Kremlin a complete picture `` of our current anti-submarine effort and would have shown what we are doing in research and development for the future '' .\\nInterested in detector\\nThe spy ring also was particularly interested in ASDIC , the underwater equipment for detecting submarines , it was testified .\\nRange was a vital detail .\\nDesigns of parts were sought .\\nSix radiomen told how , twice on two days after the ring was nabbed , a transmitter near Moscow was heard calling , using signals , times and wavelengths specified on codes found hidden in cigaret lighters in Lonsdale's apartment and the Krogers' house and also fastened to the transmitter lid .\\nOddly , the calls were still heard 11 days after the five were arrested .\\nThe charge that the federal indictment of three Chicago narcotics detail detectives `` is the product of rumor , combined with malice , and individual enmity '' on the part of the federal narcotics unit here was made yesterday in their conspiracy trial before Judge Joseph Sam Perry in federal District court .\\nThe three -- Miles J. Cooperman , Sheldon Teller , and Richard Austin -- and eight other defendants are charged in six indictments with conspiracy to violate federal narcotic laws .\\nIn his opening statement to a jury of eight women and four men , Bernard H. Sokol , attorney for the detectives , said that evidence would show that his clients were `` entirely innocent '' .\\n' had to know peddlers '\\n`` When they became members of the city police narcotics unit '' , Sokol said , `` they were told they would have to get to know certain areas of Chicago in which narcotics were sold and they would have to get to know people in the narcotics racket .\\nThey , on occasion , posed as addicts and peddlers '' .\\nAlthough federal and city narcotic agents sometimes worked together , Sokol continued , rivalries developed when they were `` aiming at the same criminals '' .\\nThis , he added , brought about `` petty jealousies '' and `` petty personal grievances '' .\\n`` In the same five year period that the United States says they ( the detectives ) were engaged in this conspiracy '' , Sokol continued , `` these three young men received a total of 26 creditable mentions and many special compensations , and were nominated for the Lambert Tree award and the mayor's medal '' .\\nNo comments by U.S.\\nIn opening , D. Arthur Connelly , assistant United States attorney , read the indictment , but made no comments .\\nAttorneys for the eight other defendants said only that there was no proof of their clients' guilt .\\nCooperman and Teller are accused of selling $4,700 worth of heroin to a convicted narcotics peddler , Otis Sears , 45 , of 6934 Indiana Av. .\\nAmong other acts , Teller and Austin are accused of paying $800 to Sears .\\nThe first witness , Moses Winston Mardis , 5835 Michigan Av. , a real estate agent and former bail bondsman , took the stand after opening statements had been made .\\nBut court adjourned after he testified he introduced James White and Jeremiah Hope Pullings , two of the defendants , and also introduced Pullings to Jessy Maroy , a man mentioned in the indictment but not indicted .\\nBuaford Robinson , 23 , of 7026 Stewart Av. , a CTA bus driver , was slugged and robbed last night by a group of youths at 51st Street and South Park Way .\\nRobinson was treated at a physician's office for a cut over his left eyebrow and a possible sprained knee .\\nHis losses included his money bag , containing $40 to $50 and his $214 paycheck .\\nRobinson told Policemen James Jones and Morgan Lloyd of the Wabash Avenue district that 10 youths boarded his south bound express bus in front of Dunbar Vocational High School , 30th Street and South Park Way , and began `` skylarking '' .\\nWhen 51st Street was reached , Robinson related , he stopped the bus and told the youths he was going to call the CTA supervisor .\\nAs he left the bus with his money bag , Robinson added , the largest youth accosted him , a quarrel ensued , and the youth knocked him down .\\nThen the youths fled with his money .\\nMrs. Blanche Dunkel , 60 , who has spent 25 years in the Dwight reformatory for women for the murder in 1935 of her son-in-law , Ervin Lang , then 28 , appealed for a parole at a hearing yesterday before two Illinois pardon and parole board members , John M. Bookwalter and Joseph Carpentier .\\nShe had been sentenced to 180 years in prison , but former Gov. Stratton commuted her term to 75 years , making her eligible for parole , as one of his last acts in office .\\nMrs. Dunkel admitted the slaying and said that the son-in-law became her lover after the death of her daughter in 1934 .\\nIt was when he attempted to end the relationship that the murder took place .\\nThe son of a wealthy Evanston executive was fined $100 yesterday and forbidden to drive for 60 days for leading an Evanston policeman on a high speed chase over icy Evanston and Wilmette streets Jan. 20 .\\nThe defendant , William L. Stickney 3 , 23 , of 3211 Park pl. , Evanston , who pleaded guilty to reckless driving , also was ordered by Judge James Corcoran to attend the Evanston traffic school each Tuesday night for one month .\\nStickney is a salesman for Plee-Zing , Inc. , 2544 Green Bay Rd. , Evanston , a food brokerage and grocery chain firm , of which his father , William L. Jr. , is president .\\nPatrolman James F. Simms said he started in pursuit when he saw young Stickney speeding north in Stewart Avenue at Central Street .\\nAt Jenks Street , Simms said , the car skidded completely around , just missed two parked cars , and sped east in Jenks .\\nThe car spun around again , Simms said , before Stickney could turn north in Prairie Avenue , and then violated two stop lights as he traveled north into Wilmette in Prairie .\\nSt. Johns , Mich. , April 19 .\\n-- A jury of seven men and five women found 21-year-old Richard Pohl guilty of manslaughter yesterday in the bludgeon slaying of Mrs. Anna Hengesbach .\\nPohl received the verdict without visible emotion .\\nHe returned to his cell in the county jail , where he has been held since his arrest last July , without a word to his court-appointed attorney , Jack Walker , or his guard .\\nStepson vindicated\\nThe verdict brought vindication to the dead woman's stepson , Vincent Hengesbach , 54 , who was tried for the same crime in December , 1958 , and released when the jury failed to reach a verdict .\\nMrs. Hengesbach was killed on Aug. 31 , 1958 .\\nHengesbach has been living under a cloud ever since .\\nWhen the verdict came in against his young neighbor , Hengesbach said :\\n`` I am very pleased to have the doubt of suspicion removed .\\nStill , I don't wish to appear happy at somebody else's misfortune '' .\\nLives on welfare\\nHengesbach , who has been living on welfare recently , said he hopes to rebuild the farm which was settled by his grandfather in Westphalia , 27 miles southwest of here .\\nHengesbach has been living in Grand Ledge since his house and barn were burned down after his release in 1958 .\\nPohl confessed the arson while being questioned about several fires in the Westphalia area by State Police .\\nHe also admitted killing Mrs. Hengesbach .\\nHowever , the confession , which was the only evidence against him , was retracted before the trial .\\nCharges in doubt\\nAssistant Prosecutor Fred Lewis , who tried both the Hengesbach and Pohl cases , said he did not know what would be done about two arson charges pending against Pohl .\\nCircuit Judge Paul R. Cash did not set a date for sentencing .\\nPohl could receive from 1 to 15 years in prison or probation .\\nWalker said he was considering filing a motion for a new trial which would contend that the verdict was against the weight of the evidence and that there were several errors in trial procedure .\\nLocked in motel\\nA verdict against Pohl came at 4:05 p.m. after almost 13-1/2 hours of deliberation .\\nThe jury , which was locked up in a motel overnight , was canvassed at the request of Walker after the verdict was announced .\\nThe jury foreman , Mrs. Olive Heideman , of rural Elsie , said that a ballot was not even taken until yesterday morning and that the first day of deliberation was spent in going over the evidence .\\nShe said the jurors agreed that Pohl's confession was valid .\\nThe jury asked Judge Cash to send in his written definition of the difference between first and second-degree murder and manslaughter .\\nThe verdict came three hours later .\\nSome 30 spectators remained in the court during the day and were on hand to hear the verdict read .\\nThe trial had packed the large courtroom for more than a week .\\nA Sterling Township family of six surviving children , whose mother died yesterday as the aftermath to a fire that also killed one of the children , found today they had the help of hundreds of neighbors and school friends .\\nWhile neighbor women assumed some of the dead mother's duties , fund-raising events were being planned by a homeowners association and a student council for the hard-hit Henry Kowalski family , 34220 Viceroy .\\nMrs. Eleanor Kowalski , 42 , died yesterday afternoon in Holy Cross Hospital of burns suffered in a fire that followed a bottled gas explosion Saturday night at the flat of her widowed mother , Mrs. Mary Pankowski , in the adjoining suburb of Warren .\\nServices tomorrow\\nFuneral services for Mrs. Kowalski and her daughter , Christine , 11 , who died of burns at the same hospital Monday , have been scheduled for 10 a.m. tomorrow in St. Anne's Catholic Church , 31978 Mound , in Warren .\\nThe mother and daughter , who will be buried side by side in Mt. Olivet Cemetery , rested together today in closed caskets at the Lyle Elliott Funeral Home , 31730 Mound , Warren .\\nMrs. Pankowski , 61 , remained in Holy Cross Hospital as a result of the explosion , which occurred while Mrs. Kowalski fueled a cook stove in the grandmother's small upstairs flat at 2274 Eight Mile Road East .\\nHeld candle\\nAssistant Fire Chief Chester Cornell said gas fumes apparently were ignited by a candle which one of the three Kowalski girls present held for her mother , because the flat lacked electricity .\\nChristine's twin sister , Patricia , and Darlene Kowalski , 8 , escaped with minor burns .\\nThey are home now with the other Kowalski children , Vicky , 14 ; ;\\nDennis , 6 ; ;\\nEleanor , 2 ; ;\\nand Bernardine , 1 .\\n`` All we have left in the world is one another , and we must stay together the way Mother wanted '' , Kowalski said in telling his children of their mother's death yesterday afternoon .\\nKowalski , a roofer who seldom worked last winter , already was in arrears on their recently purchased split-level home when the tragedy staggered him with medical and funeral bills .\\nA135 donated\\nNeighbor women , such as Mrs. Sidney Baker , 2269 Serra , Sterling Township , have been supplying the family with meals and handling household chores with Kowalski's sister-in-law , Mrs. Anna Kowalski , 22111 David , East Detroit .\\nAnother neighbor , Mrs. Frank C. Smith , 2731 Pall Mall , Sterling Township , surprised Kowalski by coming to the home yesterday with $135 collected locally toward the $400 funeral costs .\\nJohn C. Houghton , president of the Tareytown Acres Homeowners Association , followed that by announcing plans last night for a door-to-door fund drive throughout their subdivision on behalf of the Kowalski family .\\nStudents help out\\nHoughton said 6 p.m. Friday had been set for a canvass of all 480 homes in the subdivision , which is located northeast of Dequindre and 14 Mile Road East .\\nHe said contributions also could be mailed to Post Office Box 553 , Warren Village Station .\\nVicky Kowalski meanwhile learned that several of her fellow students had collected almost $25 for her family during the lunch hour yesterday at Fuhrmann Junior High School , 5155 Fourteen Mile road east .\\nPrincipal Clayton W. Pohly said he would allow a further collection between classes today , and revealed that Y-Teen Club past surpluses had been used to provide a private hospital nurse Monday for Mrs. Kowalski .\\nFunds from dances\\nStudent Council officers announced today the Kowalski family would be given the combined proceeds from a school dance held two weeks ago , and another dance for Fuhrmann's 770 students this Friday night .\\n`` Furhmann's faculty is proud that this has been a spontaneous effort , started largely among the students themselves , because of fondness for Vicky and sympathy for her entire family , Pohly said .\\nThere also were reports of a collection at the County Line Elementary School , 3505o Dequindre , which has been attended this year by four of the Kowalski children including Christine .\\nExpresses thanks\\nKowalski has spoken but little since the fire last Saturday .\\nBut today he wanted to make a public statement .\\n`` I never knew there were such neighbors and friends around me and my family .\\nI wasn't sure there were such people anywhere in the world .\\nI'll need more than a single day to find the words to properly express my thanks to them '' .\\nAn alert 10-year-old safety patrol boy was congratulated by police today for his part in obtaining a reckless driving conviction against a youthful motorist .\\nPatrolman George Kimmell , of McClellan Station , said he would recommend a special safety citation for Ralph Sisk , 9230 Vernor east , a third grader at the Scripps School , for his assistance in the case .\\nKimmell said he and Ralph were helping children across Belvidere at Kercheval Monday afternoon when a car heading north on Belvidere stopped belatedly inside the pedestrian crosswalk .\\nGets car number\\nKimmell ordered the driver to back up , watched the children safely across and was approaching the car when it suddenly `` took off at high speed '' , he said , narrowly missing him .\\nCommandeering a passing car , Kimmell pursued the fleeing vehicle , but lost it in traffic .\\nReturning to the school crossing , the officer was informed by the Sisk boy that he recognized the driver , a neighbor , and had obtained the license number .\\nThe motorist later was identified as Richard Sarkees , 17 , of 2433 McClellan , currently on probation and under court order not to drive .\\nGiven 15 days\\nHe was found guilty of reckless driving yesterday by Traffic Judge George T. Murphy , who continued his no-driving probation for another year and ordered him to spend 15 days in the Detroit House of Correction .\\nThe jail sentence is to begin the day after Sarkees graduates from Eastern High School in June .\\nThe long crisis in Laos appeared nearing a showdown today .\\nBritain announced that it is asking the Soviet Union to agree tomorrow to an immediate cease-fire .\\nHelp asked\\nIn Vientiane , the royal Laotian government decided today to ask its `` friends and neighbors '' for help in fighting what it called a new rebel offensive threatening the southeast Asian kingdom .\\nBritain's plans to press Russia for a definite cease-fire timetable was announced in London by Foreign Secretary Lord Home .\\nHe said Britain also proposed that the international truce commission should be reconvened , sent to New Delhi and from there to Laos to verify the cease-fire .\\nA 14-power conference on Laos should then meet on May 5 , he said .\\nPlea for arms\\nThe Laos government plea for help was made by Foreign Minister Tiao Sopsaisana .\\nHe indicated that requests would be made for more U.S. arms and more U.S. military advisers .\\nHe declared the government is thinking of asking for foreign troops if the situation worsens .\\nOne of the first moves made after a cabinet decision was to request the United States to establish a full-fledged military assistance group instead of the current civilian body .\\nA note making the request was handed to U.S. Ambassador Winthrop G. Brown .\\nHeavy support\\nThe Laos government said four major Pathet Lao rebel attacks had been launched , heavily supported by troops from Communist North Viet Nam .\\nThe minister , describing the attacks which led up to the appeal , said that 60,000 Communist North Vietnamese were fighting royal army troops on one front -- near Thakhek , in southern-central Laos .\\nThere was no confirmation of such massive assaults from independent sources .\\nIn the past such government claims have been found exaggerated .\\nHavana , April 19 .\\n-- Two Americans and seven Cubans were executed by firing squads today as Castro military tribunals began decreeing the death penalty for captured invasion forces and suspected collaborators .\\nA Havana radio broadcast identified the Americans as Howard Anderson and August Jack McNair .\\nThe executions took place at dawn only a few hours after Havana radio announced their conviction by a revolutionary tribunal at Pinar Del Rio , where the executions took place .\\nArms plot charged\\nThe broadcast said Anderson , a Seattle ex-marine and Havana businessman , and McNair , of Miami , were condemned on charges of smuggling arms to Cuban rebels .\\nAnderson operated three Havana automobile service stations and was commander of the Havana American Legion post before it disbanded since the start of Fidel Castro's regime .\\nAnderson's wife and four children live in Miami .\\nMcNair , 25 , was seized March 20 with four Cubans and accused of trying to land a boatload of rifles in Pinar Del Rio , about 35 miles from Havana .\\nReport others held\\nAt least 20 other Americans were reported to have been arrested in a mass political roundup .\\nAmong them were a number of newsmen , including Henry Raymont , of United Press International , and Robert Berrellez , of Associated Press .\\nSo many Cubans were reported being swept into the Castro dragnet that the massive Sports Palace auditorium and at least one hotel were converted into makeshift jails .\\nMore than 1,000 were said to have been arrested -- 100 of them Roman Catholic priests .\\nOf the millions who have served time in concentration camps in Siberia as political prisoners of the Soviet state , few emerge in the West to tell about it .\\nM. Kegham -- the name is a pseudynom -- was a teacher in Bucharest and a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation ( ARF ) -- two reasons the Communists put him away when they arrived in 1945 .\\nToday , M. Kegham was in Detroit , en route to join his wife and children in California .\\nEmory University's Board of Trustees announced Friday that it was prepared to accept students of any race as soon as the state's tax laws made such a step possible .\\n`` Emory University's charter and by-laws have never required admission or rejection of students on the basis of race '' , board chairman Henry L. Bowden stated .\\nBut an official statement adopted by the 33-man Emory board at its annual meeting Friday noted that state taxing requirements at present are a roadblock to accepting Negroes .\\nThe statement explained that under the Georgia Constitution and state law , tax-exempt status is granted to educational institutions only if they are segregated .\\n`` Emory could not continue to operate according to its present standards as an institution of higher learning , of true university grade , and meet its financial obligations , without the tax-exemption privileges which are available to it only so long as it conforms to the aforementioned constitutional and statutory provisions '' , the statement said .\\nThe statement did not mention what steps might be taken to overcome the legal obstacles to desegregation .\\nAn Emory spokesman indicated , however , that the university itself did not intend to make any test of the laws .\\nThe Georgia Constitution gives the Legislature the power to exempt colleges from property taxation if , among other criteria , `` all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people , and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people '' .\\nAt least two private colleges in the Atlanta area now or in the past have had integrated student bodies , but their tax-exempt status never has been challenged by the state .\\nEmory is affiliated with the Methodist Church .\\nSome church leaders , both clerical and lay , have criticized the university for not taking the lead in desegregation .\\nUrged in 1954\\nThe student newspaper , The Emory Wheel , as early as the fall of 1954 called for desegregation .\\n`` From its beginning '' , the trustees' statement said Friday , `` Emory University has assumed as its primary commitment a dedication to excellence in Christian higher learning .\\nTeaching , research and study , according to highest standards , under Christian influence , are paramount in the Emory University policy .\\n`` As a private institution , supported by generous individuals , Emory University will recognize no obligation and will adopt no policy that would conflict with its purpose to promote excellence in scholarship and Christian education .\\n`` There is not now , nor has there ever been in Emory University's charter or by-laws any requirement that students be admitted or rejected on the basis of race , color or creed .\\nInsofar as its own governing documents are concerned , Emory University could now consider applications from prospective students , and others seeking applications from prospective students , and others seeking the opportunity to study or work at the university , irrespective of race , color or creed .\\nCorporate existence\\n`` On the other hand , Emory University derives its corporate existence from the State of Georgia .\\n`` When and if it can do so without jeopardizing constitutional and statutory tax-exemption privileges essential to the maintenance of its educational program and facilities , Emory University will consider applications of persons desiring to study or work at the University without regard to race , color or creed , continuing university policy that all applications shall be considered on the basis of intellectual and moral standards and other criteria designed to assure the orderly and effective conduct of the university and the fulfillment of its mission as an institution of Christian higher education '' .\\nA young man was killed and two others injured at midnight Friday when the car they were riding slid into a utility pole on Lake Avenue near Waddell Street , NE , police said .\\nThe dead youth was identified as Robert E. Sims , 19 , of 1688 Oak Knoll Cir. , Aj .\\nPatrolman G. E. Hammons said the car evidently slid out of control on rain-slick streets and slammed into the pole .\\nThe other occupants were James Willard Olvey , 18 , of 963 Ponce De Leon Ave. , NE , and Larry Coleman Barnett , 19 , of 704 Hill St. , SE , both of whom were treated at Grady Hospital for severe lacerations and bruises .\\nThe Atlanta Negro student movement renewed its demands for movie theater integration Friday and threatened picketing and `` stand-ins '' if negotiations failed .\\nThe demands were set forth in letters to seven owners of first-run theaters by the Committee on Appeal for Human Rights .\\n' intend to attend '\\n`` We intend to attend the downtown theaters before the first of the year '' , the identically worded letters said .\\nThe letters set a Nov. 15 deadline for the start of negotiations .\\nThey indicated that stand-ins and picketing would be started if theater owners failed to cooperate .\\nDowntown and art theater managers and owners , contacted Friday night for comment on the COAHR request , said they had no knowledge of such a letter , and that it was not in the Friday mail .\\nHowever , three of the managers did say that they would agree to attend the proposed meeting if all of the other managers decided to attend .\\nGather here\\nThe COAHR letter comes on the eve of a large gathering of theater managers and owners scheduled to begin here Sunday .\\nSeveral theater operators said , however , that there is little likelihood of the subject being discussed during the three-day affair .\\nStudent leaders began sporadic efforts to negotiate theater integration several months ago .\\nCharles A. Black , COAHR chairman , said Friday that three theater representatives had agreed to meet with the students on Oct. 31 but had failed to show up .\\nHe declined to name the three .\\nFriday's letters asked for a Nov. 15 meeting .\\nFailure to attend the meeting or explain inability to attend , the letters said , would be considered a `` sign of indifference '' .\\nBlack said COAHR `` hoped to be able to integrate the theaters without taking direct action , but we are pledged to using every legal and nonviolent means at our disposal ''\\nA prepared statement released by the student group Friday stated that `` extensive research by COAHR into techniques and methods of theater integration in other cities indicated that the presence of picket lines and stand-ins before segregated theaters causes a drop in profits ''\\nBesides managers of downtown theaters , the students sent letters to owners of art theaters in the uptown area and Buckhead .\\nR. E. Killingsworth\\nRaymond E. Killingsworth , 72 , died Sunday at his home at 357 Venable St. , Aj .\\nMr. Kililngsworth was a foreman with S and W Cafeteria .\\nHe was born in Pittsboro , Miss. , and was a veteran of World War 1 .\\nHe was a member of the Baptist church .\\nSurvivors include two brothers , C. E. Killingsworth , Atlanta , and John Killingsworth , Warren , Ohio ; ;\\nand two sisters , Miss Minnie Kililngsworth and Mrs. Bessie Bloom , both of Gettysburg , Pa. .\\nJohn W. Ball\\nJohn William Ball , 68 , of 133 Marietta St. NW , Apartment 101b , died Sunday at his home .\\nMr. Ball was a house painter .\\nHe was a member of the Oakland City Methodist Church and a native of Atlanta .\\nFuneral services will be at 2 p.m. Tuesday at Blanchard's Chapel with the Rev. J. H. Hearn officiating .\\nSurvivors include his sister , Mrs. Emma B. Odom of Atlanta .\\nMrs. Lola Harris\\nMrs. Lola M. Harris , a native of Atlanta , died Sunday at her home in Garland , Tex. .\\nSurvivors include a son , Charles R. Fergeson , Memphis , Tenn. ; ;\\ntwo daughters , Mrs. Gene F. Stoll and Miss Nancy Harris , both of Garland ; ;\\nher father , H. T. Simpson , Greenville , S.C. , and three sisters , Mrs. W. E. Little and Mrs. Hal B. Wansley , both of Atlanta , and Mrs. Bill Wallace , Wilmington , N.C. .\\nA 24-year-old Atlanta man was arrested Sunday after breaking into the home of relatives in search of his wife , hitting his uncle with a rock and assaulting two police officers who tried to subdue him , police said .\\nPatrolmen J. W. Slate and A. L. Crawford Jr. said they arrested Ronald M. Thomas , of 1671 Nakoma St. , NW , after he assaulted the officers .\\nPolice account\\nThe officers gave this account :\\nThomas early Sunday went to the home of his uncle and aunt , Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Thomas , 511 Blanche St. , NW , looking for his wife , Margaret Lou Thomas , 18 , and their 11-month-old baby .\\nThe younger Thomas ripped a screen door , breaking the latch , and after an argument struck his uncle with a rock , scratching his face .\\nHe also struck his aunt and wife , and during the melee the baby also suffered scratches .\\nWhen police arrived the man was still violent , Slate said .\\nAttacks officer\\nHe attacked one of the officers and was restrained .\\nAbout five minutes later he jumped up , Slate said , and struck the two policemen again .\\nHe was then subdued and placed in the police car to be taken to Grady Hospital for treatment of scratches received in the melee .\\nThen he attacked the two officers again and was again restrained , Slate related .\\nSlate said he and Crawford received cuts and scratches and their uniforms were badly torn .\\nThomas was charged with four counts of assault and battery .\\nTwo counts of assault on an officer , resisting arrest , disturbance and cursing , police said .\\nA hearing was set for 30 a.m. Tuesday .\\nMrs. Mary Self , who knows more than any other person about the 5,000 city employes for whom she has kept personnel records over the years , has closed her desk and retired .\\nOver the weekend , Mrs. Self , personnel clerk , was a feted and honored guest of the Atlanta Club , organization of women employes at City Hall .\\nAfter 18 years in the personnel office , she has taken a disability pension on advice of her doctors .\\nAs personnel clerk , she handled thousands of entries , ranging from appointments to jobs , to transfers to other employments , to pensions .\\n`` I have enjoyed it and will feel a bit lost at least for a while '' , she said wistfully Friday .\\nOne of the largest crowds in the club's history turned out to pay tribute to Mrs. Self and her service .\\nGeorgia's Department of Agriculture is intensifying its fire ant eradication program in an effort to stay ahead of the fast-spreading pest .\\nThe department is planning to expand its eradication program soon to four additional counties -- Troup , Pierce , Bryan and Bulloch -- to treat 132,000 acres infested by the ants , according to W. E. Blasingame state entomologist .\\nLow-flying planes will spread a granular-type chemical , heptachlor , over 30,000 acres in Troup , 37,000 acres in Pierce and 65,000 acres in Bulloch and Bryan counties .\\nThe eradication effort is being pushed in Bibb and Jones counties , over 37,679 acres .\\nThe department has just finished treating 20,000 acres in urban areas of Macon .\\nAlso being treated are Houston , Bleckley , Tift , Turner and Dodge counties , Blasingame said .\\nThe fire ant is thought to infest approximately two million acres of land in Georgia , attacking crops , young wildlife and livestock and can be a serious health menace to humans who are allergic to its venom , Blasingame said .\\nThe north-bound entrance to the Expressway at 14th Street will be closed during the afternoon rush traffic hours this week .\\nThis is being done so that Georgia Tech can complete the final phase of a traffic survey on the North Expressway .\\nStudents have been using electric computers and high speed movie cameras during the study .\\nPerhaps the engineers can find out what causes all the congestion and suggest methods to eliminate it .\\nIncidentally , 14th Street and the Expressway is the high accident intersection during daylight hours .\\nIt is followed by Cain Street and Piedmont Avenue , NE ; ;\\nthe junction of the Northeast and Northwest Expressways and Jones Avenue and Marietta Street , Aj .\\nFour persons died in Georgia weekend traffic crashes , two of them in a fiery crash near Snellville , the State Patrol said Sunday .\\nThe latest death reported was that of 4-year-old Claude Douglas Maynor of Calvary .\\nTroopers said the child ran into the path of a passing car a half-mile north of Calvary on Georgia 111 in Grady County .\\nThat death occurred at 50 p.m. Friday and was reported Sunday , the patrol said .\\nBursts into flames\\nAn auto overturned , skidding into a stopped tractor-trailer and burst into flames near Snellville , the patrol said .\\nBobby Bester Hammett , 21 , of Rte. 3 , Lawrenceville , and Mrs. Lucille Herrington Jones , 23 , of Lawrenceville , died in the flaming car , the patrol said .\\nSalem ( special )\\n-- For a second month in a row , Multnomah County may be short of general assistance money in its budget to handle an unusually high summer month's need , the state public welfare commission was told Friday .\\nIt is the only county in the state so far this month reporting a possible shortage in GA category , for which emergency allotment can be given by the state if necessary .\\nWilliam Smythe , director of field service , told the commissioners that Multnomah , as of Aug. 22 , had spent $58,918 out of its budgeted $66,000 in the category , leaving only $7,082 for the rest of the month .\\nAt the rate of need indicated in the early weeks of the month , this could mean a shortage of as high as $17,000 .\\nBut it probably will be less because of a usual slackening during the last weeks of each month , Smythe said .\\nNo request for emergency allotment had yet been received , however .\\nBoard oks pact\\nThe commission , meeting for the first time with both of its newly-appointed commissioners , Roy Webster , of Hood River , and Dr. Ennis Keizer , of North Bend , approved a year's contract for a consultant in the data processing department who has been the center of considerable controversy in the past .\\nThe contract with Ray Field , who has been converting the agencies electronic data processing program to magnetic tape , would renew his present salary of $8 an hour up to a maximum of 200 hours a month .\\nField does the planning for the machine operations and fiscal processes and the adapting of the data processing system to new programs as they are made necessary by legislative and policy changes .\\nActing Administrator Andrew F. Juras said that because of Field's unique position and knowledge in the program , the agency now would be seriously handicapped if he was not continued for a period .\\nBut he emphasized that the agency must train people within its own employ to fulfill what Field handles , and he said he personally `` regrets very much that the agency has not done this in the past '' .\\nHe pointed out to the commissioners that the agency was literally dependent now on the machine processing , `` and the whole wheels of the agency would stop if it broke down or the three or four persons directing it were to leave '' .\\nSalary termed modest\\nJuras said he insisted Field be continued on a consultant basis only and be answerable directly to the administrator of the agency and not to other agencies of the government .\\nHe also said that the salary , in terms of going rates in the field , was `` modest '' in terms of the man's responsibility .\\nThe conversion to magnetic tape is not yet completed , he said , and added Field's long service in state government and welfare employ gave him familiarity with the welfare program .\\n`` Do you feel you can stand up to the next legislative session and defend this contract '' ? ?\\nAsked Mrs. Grace O. Peck , representative from Multnomah County , of the commission chairman , Joseph E. Harvey Jr. .\\n`` My feeling at the moment '' , he said , `` is that we have no alternative , irrespective of some of the arguments about him .\\nThe continued operation of this program depends on having his service '' .\\nHarvey criticized\\nMrs. Peck , later joined by the commission's vice-chairman , Mrs. Lee Patterson , took Harvey to task for comments he had made to the North Portland Rotary Club Tuesday .\\nA publicity release from Oregon Physicians Service , of which Harvey is president , quoted him as saying the welfare office move to Salem , instead of `` crippling '' the agency , had provided an avenue to correct administrative weaknesses , with the key being improved communications between F & A and the commission staff .\\n`` I rather resent '' , she said , `` you speaking to those groups in Portland as though just the move accomplished this .\\nI think you fell short of the real truth in the matter : That the move is working out through the fine cooperation of the staff and all the people .\\nThe staff deserves a lot of credit working down here under real obstacles '' .\\nHarvey said his objective was to create a better public image for welfare '' .\\nThe wife of convicted bank robber Lawrence G. Huntley was arrested in Phoenix , Ariz. , last week and will be returned to Portland to face charges of assault and robbery , Portland detectives said Friday .\\nMrs. Lavaughn Huntley is accused of driving the getaway car used in a robbery of the Woodyard Bros.' Grocery , 2825 E. Burnside St. , in April of 1959 .\\nHer husband , who was sentenced to 15 years in the federal prison at McNeil Island last April for robbery of the Hillsdale branch of Multnomah Bank , also was charged with the store holdup .\\nSecret Grand Jury indictments were returned against the pair last week , Detective Murray Logan reported .\\nThe Phoenix arrest culminates more than a year's investigation by Detective William Taylor and other officers .\\nTaylor said Mrs. Huntley and her husband also will be questioned about a series of 15 Portland robberies in spring of 1959 in which the holdup men bound their victims with tape before fleeing .\\nMrs. Huntley was held on $20,000 bond in Phoenix .\\nShe was arrested by Phoenix Police after they received the indictment papers from Portland detectives .\\nA 12-year-old girl , Susan Elaine Smith , 9329 NE Schuyler St. was in serious condition Friday at Bess Kaiser Hospital , victim of a bicycle-auto collision in the Gateway Shopping Center , parking area , Deputy Sheriff W. H. Forsyth reported .\\nFuneral for William Joseph Brett , 1926 NE 50th Ave. , who died Thursday in Portland , will be Monday 1 p.m. at the Riverview Abbey .\\nMr. Brett , born in Brooklyn , N.Y. , Dec. 15 , 1886 , came to Portland in 1920 .\\nHe owned a logging equipment business here from 1923 to 1928 , and later became Northwest district manager for Macwhyte Co. .\\nHe retired in 1958 .\\nSurvivors are his widow , Alice ; ;\\na son , William , Seattle , Wash. ; ;\\nthree sisters , Mrs. Eugene Horstman , Los Angeles , Mrs. Lucy Brett Andrew , New York City , and Mrs. Beatrice Kiefferm , New York City , and five grandchildren .\\nEmployes of Montgomery Ward & Co. at The Dalles , in a National Labor Relations Board election Thursday voted to decertify Local 1565 , Retail Clerks International Association , AFL-CIO , as their collective bargaining agent .\\nThe NLRB said that of 11 potentially eligible voters eight voted against the union , two voted for it , and one vote was challenged .\\nMonte Brooks , 67 , theatrical producer and band leader , collapsed and died Thursday in a Lloyd Center restaurant .\\nHe lived at 6124 N. Willamette Blvd. .\\nFor many years he had provided music and entertainment for functions throughout the Northwest .\\nThese included Oregon State Fair , for which he had been booked on and off , for 30 years .\\nHe collaborated with many of the big name entertainers visiting Portland , among the most recent being Jimmy Durante and Phil Silvers .\\nHe had conducted the 20-piece band in a series of concerts at Blue Lake park during the summer months .\\nMr. Brooks was born in New York , and came to Portland in 1920 .\\nHe planned at one time to enter the legal profession , but gave up the plan in favor of the entertainment field .\\nHe was a member of Harmony lodge , No. 12 , AF & AM , Scottish Rite ; ;\\nAl Kader Temple of the Shrine ; ;\\nOrder of Elks , Lodge No. 142 ; ;\\n40 & 8 Voiture , No. 25 , Musician's Union , Local 99 .\\nHe was a former commander of Willamette Heights , Post , and a member of Nevah Sholom Congregation .\\nSurvivors are his widow , Tearle ; ;\\na son , Sheldon Brooks ; ;\\na daughter , Mrs. Sidney S. Stein Jr. , Dorenzo , Calif. ; ;\\na sister , Mrs. Birdie Gevurtz ; ;\\ntwo brothers , Charley and Aaron Cohn , San Francisco ; ;\\nand five grandchildren .\\nServices will be at 30 p.m. Monday at Holman & Son Funeral Home , with interment in Neveh Zebek cemetery .\\nThe family requests that flowers be omitted .\\nA 16-year-old Portland businessman and his Junior Achievement company , have been judged the `` Company of the Year '' in national competition completed this week at Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio .\\nTim Larson , a junior at Wilson High School and president of Spice-Nice , is the young executive who guided his firm to the top-ranking position over the 4,500 other Junior Achievement companies in the United States and Canada .\\nThe award is the first such honor in the 11-year history of JA activities in Portland , according to Ralph Scolatti , local executive director for Junior Achievement .\\nSpice-Nice , counseled by Georgia-Pacific Corp. , had previously taken first-place honors in both local competition and the regional conference at San Francisco .\\nThe `` pocket-size '' company set records with $2,170 in sales of its products , a selection of barbecue spices , and paid stockholders a 20 per cent dividend on their investment .\\nYoungsters do business\\nThe Junior Achievement program is designed to give teenagers practical experience in business by allowing them actually to form small companies , under the guidance and sponsorship of business firms .\\nThe youngsters sell stock , produce and sell a product , pay taxes , and show a profit or loss just like full-scale businesses .\\nNational competition was the culmination of work which began with the school year last fall and continued until just before summer vacation .\\nParticipants in the 27 Portland companies worked one night a week through the school year , guided and counseled by adult advisors drawn from local business and industry .\\nOver 400 Portland firms contributed funds for the maintenance of Junior Achievement headquarters here .\\nFor winning Larson will receive a $100 U.S. Savings Bond from the Junior Achievement national organization .\\nHis company , Spice-Nice , will receive a $250 award , which will be distributed among the 16 charter members .\\ng-p men served\\nAdvisors for the `` national champion '' company were John K. Morgan , William H. Baker , Leonard Breuer and William F. Stephenson , all of Georgia-Pacific Corp. .\\nYoung Larson is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Larson , 5847 SW Nevada Ct. , Portland .\\nOther members of the Portland delegation attending the conference in Columbus are : Kathleen Mason , Jefferson high school ; ;\\nPhil Reifenrath , Madison high school ; ;\\nAnn Wegener , Madison ; ;\\nRichard E. Cohn , Grant ; ;\\nKaren Kolb , Franklin ; ;\\nand Shelby Carlson , Cleveland .\\nHillsboro ( special )\\n-- Washington County's 36th annual fair will close Saturday evening with 4-H and FFA awards program at 7 , public dance at 8 and variety show at 8:30 .\\nOn the day's schedule are a flower show , 4-H horsemanship contest and clown shows , the latter at 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. .\\nAttendance continued to run ahead of last year's during the five-day show , with clear skies helping attract fairgoers .\\nExhibition ballroom dancers from the studio of Helen Wick Walters of Hillsboro won the all-county talent contest .\\nBill Davis quartet of Hillsboro was second and baton twirler Sue Ann Nuttall of Reedville third .\\nFinalists from the county's east end failed to place .\\nResults :\\nJanet Jossy of North Plains won grand champion honors of the 4-H sheep showman contest .\\nBlue ribbons went to Stephanie Shaw of Hillsboro , Larry Hinton of Beaverton .\\nJoan Zurcher of Hillsboro , Phyllis Jossy of North Plains , Jane Cox of North Plains .\\nKathy Jossy of Hillsboro , Carol Jossy of North Plains and Lorlyn and Tom Zurcher of Hillsboro .\\nTom Day of Beaverton exhibited the grand champion 4-H market hog , a Chester White .\\nAlso winning blue ribbons were Bob Day of Beaverton , Tony Traxel of Beaverton and Steve Hutchins of Banks .\\nSwine showmanship championship went to Bob Day , with Tom Day and Hutchins winning other blues .\\nCharles Reynolds of Pumpkin Ridge was rabbit showmanship champion .\\nIn poultry judging , blues were won by John Nyberg of Tualatin , Anne Batchelder of Hillsboro , Jim Shaw of Hillsboro , Stephanie Shaw of Hillsboro and Lynn Robinson of Tigard .\\nBlue ribbon for one dozen white eggs was taken by Nyberg .\\nIn open class poultry , Donald Wacklin of Sherwood had the champion male and female bird and grand champion bird .\\nJohn Haase & Son of Corneilus was the only entrant in open class swine and swept all championships .\\nCarol Strong , 13 , of Cedar Mill cooked the championship junior dollar dinner .\\nMillie Jansen , high school senior from Verboort , had the championship dollar dinner , and Jody Jaross of Hillsboro also won a blue ribbon .\\nBarbara Borland of Tigard took top senior individual home economics honors with a demonstration called filbert hats .\\nAbout 70 North Providence taxpayers made appeals to the board of tax assessors for a review of their 1961 tax assessments during the last two days at the town hall in Centredale .\\nThese were the last two days set aside by the board for hearing appeals .\\nAppeals were heard for two days two weeks ago .\\nAbout 75 persons appeared at that time .\\nLouis H. Grenier , clerk of the board , said that the appeals will be reviewed in December at the time the board is visiting new construction sites in the town for assessment purposes .\\nThey also will visit properties on which appeals have been made .\\nAny adjustments which are made , Mr. Grenier said earlier this month , will appear on the balance of the tax bill since most of the town's taxpayers take the option of paying quarterly with the balance due next year .\\nJohn Pezza , 69 , of 734 Hartford Avenue , Providence , complained of shoulder pains after an accident in which a car he was driving collided with a car driven by Antonio Giorgio , 25 , of 12 DeSoto St. , Providence , on Greenville Avenue and Cherry Hill Road in Johnston yesterday .\\nMr. Giorgio had started to turn left off Greenville Avenue onto Cherry Hill Road when his car was struck by the Pezza car , police said .\\nBoth cars were slightly damaged .\\nMr. Pezza was taken to a nearby Johnston physician , Dr. Allan A. DiSimone , who treated him .\\nMr. Giorgio was uninjured .\\nThieves yesterday ransacked a home in the Garden Hills section of Cranston and stole an estimated $3,675 worth of furs , jewels , foreign coins and American dollars .\\nMr. and Mrs. Stephen M. Kochanek reported the theft at their home on 41 Garden Hills Drive at about 6 last night .\\nThey told police the intruders took a mink coat worth $700 , a black Persian lamb jacket worth $450 ; ;\\na wallet with $450 in it ; ;\\na collection of English , French and German coins , valued at $500 ; ;\\nfour rings , a watch and a set of pearl earrings .\\nOne of the rings was a white gold band with a diamond setting , valued at $900 .\\nThe others were valued at $325 , $75 and $65 .\\nThe watch was valued at $125 and the earrings at $85 .\\nThe Kochaneks told police they left home at 8 a.m. and returned about 45 p.m. and found the house had been entered .\\nPatrolman Robert J. Nunes , who investigated , said the thieves broke in through the back door .\\nDrawers and cabinets in two bedrooms and a sewing room were ransacked .\\nThe city sewer maintenance division said efforts will be made Sunday to clear a stoppage in a sewer connection at Eddy and Elm Streets responsible for dumping raw sewage into the Providence River .\\nThe division said it would be impossible to work on the line until then because of the large amount of acid sewage from jewelry plants in the area flowing through the line , heavy vehicle traffic on Eddy Street and tide conditions .\\nA two-family house at 255 Brook Street has been purchased by Brown University from Lawrence J. Sullivan , according to a deed filed Monday at City Hall .\\nF. Morris Cochran , university vice president and business manager , said the house has been bought to provide rental housing for faculty families , particularly for those here for a limited time .\\nEmployes of Pawtucket's garbage and rubbish collection contractor picketed the firm's incinerator site yesterday in the second day of a strike for improved wages and working conditions .\\nThomas Rotelli , head of Rhode Island Incinerator Service , Inc. , said four of the company's eight trucks were making collections with both newly hired and regular workers .\\nSydney Larson , a staff representative for the United Steel Workers , which the firm's 25 workers joined before striking , said the state Labor Relations Board has been asked to set up an election to pick a bargaining agent .\\nA 62-year-old Smithfield man , Lester E. Stone of 19 Beverly Circle , was in satisfactory condition last night at Our Lady of Fatima Hospital , North Providence , with injuries suffered when a car he was driving struck a utility pole on Woonasquatucket Avenue in North Providence near Stevens Street .\\nMr. Stone suffered fractured ribs and chest cuts , hospital authorities said .\\nHe was taken to the hospital by the North Providence ambulance .\\nBefore hitting the pole , Mr. Stone's car brushed against a car driven by Alva W. Vernava , 21 , of 23 Maple Ave. , North Providence , tearing away the rear bumper and denting the left rear fender of the Vernava car , police said .\\nMr. Vernava was uninjured .\\nThe impact with the utility pole caused a brief power failure in the immediate area of the accident .\\nOne house was without power for about half an hour , a Narragansett Electric Co. spokesman said .\\nThe power was off for about five minutes in houses along Smith Street as far away as Fruit Hill Avenue shortly before 5 p.m. when the accident occurred .\\nThe fight over the Warwick School Committee's appointment of a coordinator of audio-visual education may go to the state Supreme Court , it appeared last night .\\nTwo members of the Democratic-endorsed majority on the school board said they probably would vote to appeal a ruling by the state Board of Education , which said yesterday that the school committee acted improperly in its appointment of the coordinator , Francis P. Nolan 3rd , the Democratic-endorsed committee chairman , could not be reached for comment .\\nIn its ruling , the state Board of Education upheld Dr. Michael F. Walsh , state commissioner of education , who had ruled previously that the Warwick board erred when it named Maurice F. Tougas as coordinator of audio-visual education without first finding that the school superintendent's candidate was not suitable .\\nSupt. Clarence S. Taylor had recommended Roger I. Vermeersch for the post .\\nMilton and Rosella Lovett of Cranston were awarded $55,000 damages from the state in Superior Court yesterday for industrial property which they owned at 83 Atwells Ave. , Providence , and which was condemned for use in construction of Interstate Route 95 .\\nThe award was made by Judge Fred B. Perkins who heard their petition without a jury by agreement of the parties .\\nThe award , without interest , compared with a valuation of $57,500 placed on the property by the property owners' real estate expert , and a valuation of $52,500 placed on it by the state's expert .\\nThe property included a one-story brick manufacturing building on 8,293 square feet of land .\\nSaul Hodosh represented the owners .\\nAtty. Gen. J. Joseph Nugent appeared for the state .\\nSanta's lieutenants in charge of the Journal-Bulletin Santa Claus Fund are looking for the usual generous response this year from Cranston residents .\\nPersons who find it convenient may send their contributions to the Journal-Bulletin's Cranston office at 823 Park Avenue .\\nAll contributed will be acknowledged .\\nThe fund's statewide quota this year is $8,250 to provide Christmas gifts for needy youngsters .\\nScores of Cranston children will be remembered .\\nCranston residents have been generous contributors to the fund over the years .\\nPublic school children have adopted the fund as one of their favorite Christmas charities and their pennies , nickels , dimes and quarters aid greatly in helping Santa to reach the fund's goal .\\nBernard Parrillo , 20 , of 19 Fletcher Ave. , Cranston , was admitted to Roger Williams Hospital shortly before 11:30 a.m. yesterday after a hunting accident in which a shotgun he was carrying discharged against his heel .\\nMr. Parrillo was given first aid at Johnston Hose 1 .\\n( Thornton ) where he had been driven by a companion .\\nThe two had been hunting in the Simmonsville area of town and Mr. Parrillo dropped the gun which fired as it struck the ground .\\nHospital officials said the injury was severe but the youth was in good condition last night .\\nA check for $4,177.37 representing the last payment of a $50,000 federal grant to Rhode Island Hospital was presented to the hospital administrator , Oliver G. Pratt , yesterday by Governor Notte .\\nThe hospital has used the money to assist in alterations on the fifth floor of the Jane Brown Hospital , part of Rhode Island Hospital .\\nThe work added eight beds to the hospital , giving it a total capacity of 646 general beds .\\nVincent Sorrentino , founder and board chairman of the Uncas Mfg. Co. , has been designated a Cavaliere of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Italy .\\nThe decoration will be presented by A. Trichieri , Italian consul general in Boston , at a ceremony at 30 p.m. on Dec. 7 at the plant , which this year is celebrating its golden anniversary .\\nAbout 500 employes of the firm will be on hand to witness bestowal of the honor upon Mr. Sorrentino .\\nMr. Sorrentino will be honored on the evening of Dec. 7 at a dinner to be given by the Aurora Club at the Sheraton-Biltmore Hotel .\\nThe Newport-based destroyer picket escort Kretchmer has arrived back at Newport after three months' patrol in North Atlantic waters marked by mercy jobs afloat and ashore .\\nOn Sept. 6 , the Kretchmer rescued the crew of a trawler they found drifting on a life raft after they had abandoned a sinking ship .\\nIn August while stopping in Greenock , Scotland , three members of the crew on liberty rendered first aid to a girl who fell from a train .\\nLocal authorities credited the men with saving the girl's life .\\nBirmingham , Ala. -- ( AP )\\n-- The FBI yesterday arrested on a perjury charge one of the members of the jury that failed to reach a verdict in the `` Freedom Rider '' bus burning trial four weeks ago .\\nU.S. Attorney Macon Weaver said the federal complaint , charged that the juror gave false information when asked about Ku Klux Klan membership during selection of jury .\\nHe identified the man as Lewis Martin Parker , 59 , a farmer of Hartselle , Ala. .\\nEight men were tried together in U.S. District Court in Anniston , Ala. , on charges of interfering with interstate transportation and conspiracy growing out of a white mob's attack on a Greyhound bus carrying the first of the Freedom Riders .\\nThe bus was burned outside Anniston .\\nOne of the eight defendants was freed on a directed verdict of acquittal .\\nA mistrial was declared in the case against the other seven when the jury was unable to agree on a verdict .\\nThe arrest of Mr. Parker marks the third charge of wrongdoing involving the jury that heard the case .\\nThe first incident occurred before the trial got under way when Judge H. Hobart Grooms told the jury panel he had heard reports of jury-tampering efforts .\\nHe asked members of the panel to tell him if anyone outside the court had spoken to them about the case .\\nTwo members of the panel later told in court about receiving telephone calls at their homes from anonymous persons expressing interest in the trial .\\nNeither was seated on the jury .\\nThen , when the case went to the jury , the judge excused one of the jurors , saying the juror had told him he had been accosted by masked men at his motel the night before the trial opened .\\nThe juror said the masked men had advised him to be lenient .\\nThe judge replaced the juror with an alternate .\\nNo formal charges have been filed as a result of either of the two reported incidents .\\nAt the opening of the trial , the jury panel was questioned as a group by Mr. Weaver about Ku Klux Klan connections .\\nOne member of the panel -- not Mr. Parker -- indicated he had been a member of the KKK at one time .\\nHe was not seated on the jury .\\nThe perjury charge against Mr. Parker carries a maximum penalty of $2,000 fine and five years imprisonment on conviction .\\nNew York -- ( UPI )\\n-- The New York University Board of Trustees has elected the youngest president in the 130-year history of NYU , it was announced yesterday .\\nThe new president is 37-year-old Dr. James McN. Hester , currently dean of the NYU Graduate School of Arts and Sciences .\\nHe will take over his new post Jan. 1 .\\nDr. Hester , also one of the youngest men ever to head a major American university , succeeds Dr. Carroll V. Newsom who resigned last September to join Prentice-Hall Inc. publishing firm .\\nDr. Hester , of Princeton , N.J. , is a native of Chester , Pa. He joined NYU in September , 1960 .\\nPrior to that he was associated with Long Island University in Brooklyn .\\nAsilomar , March 26\\nVast spraying programs conducted by `` technicians with narrow training and little wisdom '' are endangering crops and wildlife , Carl W. Buchheister , president of the National Audubon Society , said today .\\n`` It is like handing a loaded automatic to an 8-year-old and telling him to run out and play '' , he commented .\\nBuchheister told delegates to the West Coast Audubon Convention that aerial spraying in Louisiana failed to destroy its target , the fire ant .\\n`` But it did destroy the natural controls of a borer and released a new plague that wrecked a sugar cane crop '' , he said .\\nThe conservation leader said other mistakes in spraying had caused serious damage in Ohio and Wyoming .\\nThere have even been serious errors in the U. S. Forest Service , whose officials pride themselves in their scientific training , he added .\\n`` The news of their experiments reaches the farmers who , forgetting that birds are the most efficient natural enemies of insects and rodents , are encouraged to try to get rid of all birds that occasionally peck their grapes or their blueberries '' , Buchheister told the delegates .\\nIn addition to urging greater restrictions on aerial spraying , Buchheister called for support of the Wilderness bill , creation of national seashore parks , including Point Reyes ; ;\\npreservation of the wetlands where birds breed ; ;\\na pesticides co-ordination act ; ;\\nstronger water pollution control programs , and Federal ratification of an international convention to halt pollution of the sea by oil .\\nThe Reed Rogers Da Fonta Wild Life Sanctuary in Marin county on Friday officially became the property of the National Audubon Society .\\nMrs. Norman Livermore , president of the Marin Conservation League , handed over the deed to the 645-acre tidelands tract south of Greenwood Beach to Carl W. Buchheister , president of the Society .\\nThe presentation was made before several hundred persons at the annual meeting of the League at Olney Hall , College of Marin , Kentfield .\\nBuchheister pledged the land would be an `` inviolate '' sanctuary for all birds , animals and plants .\\nSeventeen years ago today , German scientist Willy Fiedler climbed into a makeshift cockpit installed in a V-1 rocket-bomb that was attached to the underbelly of a Heinkel bomber .\\nThe World War 2 , German bomber rolled down a runway and took off .\\nThe only way Fiedler could get back to earth alive was to fly the pulse jet missile and land it on the airstrip .\\nThis had never been done before .\\nNow a quiet-spoken , middle-aged man , Fiedler is an aeronautical engineer for Lockheed's Missiles and Space Division at Sunnyvale , where he played a key role in the development of the Navy's Polaris missile .\\nHe sat in his office yesterday and recalled that historic flight in 1944 .\\n`` The first two pilots had crashed '' , he said .\\n`` I had developed the machines and therefore knew them .\\nIt was time to go up myself '' .\\nFiedler was then technical director of Hitler's super-secret `` Reichenberg project '' , which remained unknown to the Allies until after the war .\\nAbout 200 of the special V-1 rocket-bombs were to be made ready for manned flight with an explosive warhead .\\nThe target was Allied shipping -- a desperate effort to stave off the Allied invasion of Europe .\\nThe success of the project depended upon Fiedler's flight .\\nSqueezed into the few cubic feet normally filled by the rocket's automatic guidance mechanism , the scientist waited while the bomber gained altitude .\\nAt 12,000 feet , Fiedler signaled `` release '' , and started the roaring pulse-jet engine -- then streaked away from beneath the Heinkel .\\nTo the German pilot in the bomber the rocket became a faint black speck , hurtling through the sky at the then incredible speed of 420 m.p.h. .\\nIt was probably man's first successful flight in a missile .\\n`` She flew beautifully '' , said Fiedler .\\n`` There was only one power control -- a valve to adjust the fuel flow .\\nI had exactly 20 minutes to get down to the test strip '' .\\nUsing a steering system that controlled the modified rocket's tail surfaces and wings equipped with ailerons , Fiedler was to land the missile on a skid especially bolted under the fuselage .\\nHe managed to maneuver the missile to a landing speed of 200 m.p.h. -- fast even for a modern jet plane touchdown -- and banked into the airfield .\\nMoments later the V-1 skimmed across the landing strip , edging closer and closer to a touchdown -- then in a streamer of dust it landed .\\nFiedler went on to make several other test flights before German pilots took over the Reichenberg missiles .\\nThe missiles were to be armed with an underwater bomb .\\nPilots would steer them in a suicide dive into the water , striking below the waterline of individual ships .\\nA crack corps of 50 pilots was formed from the ranks of volunteers , but the project was halted before the end of the war , and the missiles later fell into Allied hands .\\nNow a family man with three children , Fiedler lives in a quiet residential area near the Lockheed plant at Sunnyvale .\\nHis spare time is spent in soaring gliders .\\n`` It's so quiet '' , he said , `` so slow , serene -- and so challenging '' .\\nJohn Di Massimo has been elected president of the 1961 Columbus Day Celebration Committee , it was announced yesterday .\\nOther officers are Angelo J. Scampini , vice president , Joseph V. Arata , treasurer , and Fred J. Casassa , secretary .\\nJudge John B. Molinari was named chairman of the executive committee .\\nElected to the board of directors were :\\nElios P. Anderlini , Attilio Beronio , Leo M. Bianco , Frederic Campagnoli , Joseph Cervetto , Armond J. De Martini , Grace Duhagon , John P. Figone , John P. Figone Jr. , Stephen Mana , John Moscone , Calude Perasso , Angelo Petrini , Frank Ratto , and George R. Reilly .\\nDr. Albert Schweitzer , world-famous theologian and medical missionary , has endorsed an Easter March for Disarmament which begins tomorrow in Sunnyvale .\\nMembers of the San Francisco American Friends Service , a Quaker organization , will march to San Francisco for a rally in Union Square at 2 p.m. Saturday .\\nIn a letter to the American Friends Service , Dr. Schweitzer wrote :\\n`` Leading Nations of the West and of the East keep busy making newer nuclear weapons to defend themselves in the event the constantly threatening nuclear war should break out .\\n`` They cannot do otherwise than live in dread of each other since these weapons imply the possibility of such grisly surprise attack .\\nThe only way out of this state of affairs is agreement to abolish nuclear weapons ; ;\\notherwise no peace is possible .\\n`` Governments apparently do not feel obligated to make the people adequately aware of this danger ; ;\\ntherefore we need guardians to demonstrate against the ghastly stupidity of nuclear weapons and jolt the people out of their complacency '' .\\nA federal grand jury called 10 witnesses yesterday in an investigation of the affairs of Ben Stein , 47 , who collected big fees as a `` labor consultant '' and operator of a janitors' service .\\nBefore he testified for 20 minutes , Stein , who lives at 3300 Lake Shore Dr. , admitted to reporters that he had a wide acquaintance with crime syndicate hoodlums .\\nGlimco a buddy\\nAmong his gangland buddies , he said , were Joseph ( Joey ) Glimco , a mob labor racketeer , and four gang gambling chiefs , Gus ( Slim ) Alex , Ralph Pierce , Joe ( Caesar ) DiVarco , and Jimmy ( Monk ) Allegretti .\\nAnother hoodlum , Louis Arger , drew $39,000 from Stein's janitor firm , the National Maintenance company , in three years ending in 1959 , Stein disclosed in an interview .\\n`` I put Arger on the payroll because he promised to get my firm the stevedore account at Navy pier '' , Stein said .\\n`` But Arger never was able to produce it , so I cut him off my payroll '' .\\nConnection is sought\\nOther witnesses , after appearances before the jury , which reportedly is probing into possible income tax violations , disclosed that government prosecutors were attempting to connect Stein and his company with a number of gangsters , including Glimco and Alex .\\nThe federal lawyers , according to their witnesses , also were tracing Stein's fees as a labor consultant .\\nUnder scrutiny , two of the witnesses said , were payments and loans to Stein's National Maintenance company at 543 Madison St. .\\nThe company supplies janitors and workmen for McCormick Place and factories , liquor firms , and other businesses .\\nLee a witness\\nAmong the witnesses were Ed J. Lee , director of McCormick Place ; ;\\nJerome Leavitt , a partner in the Union Liquor company , 3247 S. Kedzie Av. , Dominic Senese , a teamster union slugger who is a buddy of Stein and a cousin of Tony Accardo , onetime gang chief ; ;\\nand Frank W. Pesce , operator of a Glimco dominated deodorant firm , the Best Sanitation and Supply company , 1215 Blue Island Av. .\\nLee said he had told the jury that he made an agreement in April with Stein to supply and supervise janitors in McCormick Place .\\nStein's fee , Lee said , was 10 per cent of the janitors' pay .\\nStein estimated this amount at `` about $1,500 or $1,600 a month '' .\\nA $12,500 payment\\nLeavitt , as he entered the jury room , said he was prepared to answer questions about the $12,500 his liquor firm paid to Stein for `` labor consultant work '' with five unions which organized Leavitt's workers .\\nLeavitt identified the unions as a warehouseman's local , the teamsters union , a salesman's union , the janitors' union , and a bottling workers' union .\\nGovernment attorneys , Leavitt said , have questioned him closely about `` five or six loans '' totaling about $40,000 which the liquor company made to Stein in the last year .\\nAll of the loans , in amounts up to $5,000 each , have been repaid by Stein , according to Leavitt .\\nStein said he needed the money , Leavitt said , to `` meet the payroll '' at National Maintenance company .\\nThe deodorant firm run by Pesce has offices in the headquarters of Glimco's discredited taxi drivers' union at 1213-15 Blue Island Av. .\\nThe radiation station of the Chicago board of health recorded a reading of 1 micro-microcurie of radiation per cubic meter of air over Chicago yesterday .\\nThe reading , which has been watched with interest since Russia's detonation of a super bomb Monday , was 4 on Tuesday and 7 last Saturday , a level far below the danger point , according to the board of health .\\nThe weather bureau has estimated that radioactive fallout from the test might arrive here next week .\\nA board of health spokesman said there is no reason to believe that an increase in the level here will occur as a result of the detonation .\\nCurtis Allen Huff , 41 , of 1630 Lake Av. , Wilmette , was arrested yesterday on a suppressed federal warrant charging him with embezzling an undetermined amount of money from the First Federal Savings and Loan association , 1 S. Dearborn St. , where he formerly was employed as an attorney .\\nFederal prosecutors estimated that the amount may total $20,000 , altho a spokesman for the association estimated its loss at approximately $10,000 .\\nLien payments involved\\nHuff's attorney , Antone F. Gregorio , quoted his client as saying that part of the embezzlement represented money paid to Huff , as attorney for the loan association , in satisfaction of mechanic's liens on property on which the association held mortgages .\\nHuff told Gregorio that he took the money to pay `` the ordinary bills and expenses of suburban living '' .\\nHuff , who received a salary of $109 a week from the loan association from October of 1955 until September of this year , said that his private practice was not lucrative .\\nHuff lives with his wife , Sue , and their four children , 6 to 10 years old , in a $25,000 home with a $17,000 mortgage .\\nCharge lists 3 checks\\nThe complaint on which the warrant was issued was filed by Leo Blaber , an attorney for the association .\\nThe shortage was discovered after Huff failed to report for work on Sept. 18 .\\nOn that date , according to Gregorio , Huff left his home and took a room in the New Lawrence hotel at 1020 Lawrence Av. .\\nThere , Gregorio said , Huff wrote a complete statement of his offense .\\nLater , Huff cashed three checks for $100 each at the Sherman House , using a credit card .\\nAll bounced .\\nWhen Huff attempted to cash another $100 check there Monday , hotel officials called police .\\nBonn , Oct. 24 ( UPI )\\n-- Greece and West Germany have ratified an agreement under which Germany will pay $28,700,000 to Greek victims of Nazi persecution , it was announced today .\\nProbably the hottest thing that has hit the Dallas investment community in years was the Morton Foods stock issue , which was sold to the public during the past week .\\nFor many reasons , the demand to buy shares in the Dallas-headquartered company was tremendous .\\nIt was not a case of the investment bankers having to sell the stock ; ;\\nit was more one of allotting a few shares to a number of customers and explaining to others why they had no more to sell .\\nInvestors who wanted 100 shares in many cases ended up with 25 , and customers who had put in a bid to buy 400 shares found themselves with 100 and counted themselves lucky to get that many .\\nIn fact , very few customers , anywhere in the nation , were able to get more than 100 shares .\\nSome Dallas investment firms got only 100 shares , for all of their customers .\\nA measure of how hot the stock was , can be found in what happened to it on the market as soon as trading began .\\nThe stock was sold in the underwriting at a price of $12.50 a share .\\nThe first over-the-counter trade Wednesday afternoon at Eppler , Guerin & Turner , the managing underwriter , was at $17 a share .\\nAnd from that the stock moved right on up until it was trading Thursday morning at around $22 a share .\\nBut the Morton Foods issue was hot long before it was on the market .\\nIndeed , from the moment the reports of the coming issue first started circulating in Dallas last January , the inquiries and demand for the stock started building up .\\nLetters by the reams came in from investment firms all over the nation , all of them wanting to get a part of the shares that would be sold ( 185,000 to the public at $12.50 , with another 5,000 reserved for Morton Foods employes at $11.50 a share ) .\\nThere was even a cable in French from a bank in Switzerland that had somehow learned about the Dallas stock offering .\\n`` We subscribe 500 shares of Morton Foods of Texas .\\nCable confirmation '' , it said translated .\\nBut E.G.T. could not let the Swiss bank have even 10 shares .\\nAfter it allotted shares to 41 underwriters and 52 selling group members from coast to coast there were not many shares for anyone .\\nBut the result of it all was , E.G.T. partner Dean Guerin believes , an effective distribution of the stock to owners all over the nation .\\n`` I feel confident the stock will qualify for the ' national list ' '' , he said , meaning its market price would be quoted regularly in newspapers all over the country .\\nHe was also pleased with the wide distribution because he thought it proved again his argument that Dallas investment men can do just as good a job as the big New York investment bankers claim only they can do .\\nBut what made the Morton Foods stock issue such a hot one ? ?\\nThe answer is that it was a combination of circumstances .\\nFirst , the general stock market has been boiling upward for the last few months , driving stocks of all kinds up .\\nAs a result , it is not easy to find a stock priced as the Morton issue was priced ( at roughly 10 times 1960 earnings , to yield a little over 5 per cent on the 64-cent anticipated dividend ) .\\nSecond , the `` potato chip industry '' has caught the fancy of investors lately , and until Morton Foods came along there were only two potato chip stocks -- Frito and H. W. Lay -- on the market .\\nBoth of those have had dynamic run-ups in price on the market in recent months , both were selling at higher price-earnings and yield bases than Morton was coming to market at , and everyone who knew anything about it expected the Morton stock to have a fast run-up .\\nAnd third , the potato chip industry has taken on the flavor of a `` growth '' industry in the public mind of late .\\nFoods , which long had been considered `` recession resistant '' but hardly dynamic stocks , have been acting like growth stocks , going to higher price-earnings ratios .\\nThe potato chip industry these days is growing , not only as a result of population increase and public acceptance of convenience foods , but also because of a combination of circumstances that has led to growth by merger .\\nThe history of the U.S. potato chip industry is that many of today's successful companies got started during the deep depression days .\\nThose that remain are those that were headed by strong executives , men with the abilities to last almost 30 years in the competitive survival of the fittest .\\nBut today many of those men are reaching retirement age and suddenly realizing that they face an estate tax problem with their closely held companies and also that they have no second-echelon management in their firms .\\nSo they go looking for mergers with other firms that have publicly quoted stock , and almost daily they pound on the doors of firms like Frito .\\nAll those things combined to make the Morton Foods stock the hot issue that it was and is .\\nNow , if Morton's newest product , a corn chip known as Chip-o's , turns out to sell as well as its stock did , the stock may turn out to be worth every cent of the prices that the avid buyers bid it up to .\\nDallas and North Texas is known world-wide as the manufacturing and distribution center of cotton gin machinery and supplies , valued in the millions of dollars .\\nMore than 10 companies maintain facilities in Dallas and one large manufacturer is located to the north at Sherman .\\nIt is no coincidence that the Texas Cotton Ginner's Association is meeting here this week for the 46th time in their 52-year history .\\nThe exhibition of cotton ginning machinery at the State Fair grounds is valued at more than a million dollars .\\nIt weighs in the tons , so the proximity of factory and exhibition area makes it possible for an outstanding exhibit each year .\\nA modern cotton gin plant costs in the neighborhood of $250,000 , and it's a safe assumption that a large percentage of new gins in the U.S. and foreign countries contain machinery made in this area .\\nThe Murray Co. of Texas , Inc. , originated in Dallas in 1896 .\\nThey've occupied a 22-acre site since the early 1900's .\\nMore than 700 employees make gin machinery that's sold anywhere cotton is grown .\\nMurray makes a complete line of ginning equipment except for driers and cleaners , and this machinery is purchased from a Dallas-based firm .\\nThe Continental Gin Co. began operations in Dallas in 1899 .\\nThe present company is a combination of several smaller ones that date back to 1834 .\\nHeadquarters is in Birmingham , Ala. .\\nFactories are located here and in Prattville , Ala. .\\nAbout 40 per cent of the manufacturing is done at the Dallas plant by more than 200 employes .\\nThe company sells a complete line of gin machinery all over the cotton-growing world .\\nHardwicke-Etter Co. of Sherman makes a full line of gin machinery and equipment .\\nThe firm recently expanded domestic sales into the Southeastern states as a result of an agreement with Cen-Tennial Gin Co. .\\nThey export also .\\nThe company began operation in 1900 with hardware and oil mill supplies .\\nIn 1930 , they began making cotton processing equipment .\\nPresently , Hardwicke-Etter employs 300-450 people , depending on the season of the year .\\nThe Lummus Cotton Gin Co. has had a sales and service office in Dallas since 1912 .\\nFactory operations are in Columbus , Ga. .\\nThe district office here employs about 65 .\\nThe Moss Gordin Lint Cleaner Co. and Gordin Unit System of Ginning have joint headquarters here .\\nThe cleaner equipment firm began operations in 1953 and the unit system , which turns out a complete ginning system , began operations in 1959 .\\nGordin manufacturing operations are in Lubbock .\\nThe John E. Mitchell Co. began work in Dallas in 1928 .\\nThe firm is prominent in making equipment for cleaning seed cotton , driers , and heaters , and they lay claim to being the first maker ( 1910 ) of boil extraction equipment .\\nThe increase in mechanical harvesting of cotton makes cleaning and drying equipment a must for modern gin operation .\\nMitchell employs a total of about 400 people .\\nThey export cotton ginning machinery .\\nThe Hinckley Gin Supply Co. is a maker of `` overhead equipment '' .\\nThis includes driers , cleaners , burr extractors , separators and piping that's located above gin stands in a complete gin .\\nThe firm began operations back in 1925 and sells equipment in the central cotton belt , including the Mississippi Delta .\\nThe Cen-Tennial Gin Supply Co. has home offices and factory facilities here .\\nThey make gin saws and deal in parts , supplies and some used gin machinery .\\nThe Stacy Co. makes cleaning and drying equipment for sale largely in Texas .\\nThey've been in Dallas since 1921 .\\nCotton Belt Gin Service , Inc. of Dallas makes gin saws and started here 14 years ago .\\nThey distribute equipment in 11 states .\\nThe firm also handles gin and oil mill supplies such as belting , bearings , etc. .\\nCotton processing equipment is a sizable segment of Dallas business economy .\\nNew car sales in Dallas County during March showed slight signs of recovering from the doldrums which have characterized sales this year .\\nRegistrations of new cars in Dallas County cracked the 3,000 mark in March for the first time this year .\\nTotaling 3,399 , sales jumped 14 per cent over February's 2,963 .\\nHowever , compared with March 1960 new car sales of 4,441 , this March was off 23 per cent .\\nOn a quarter-to-quarter comparison , the first quarter of 1961 total of 9,273 cars was 21 per cent behind the previous year's 3-month total of 11,744 .\\nThis year-to-year decline for Dallas County closely follows the national trend -- estimated sales of domestic cars in the U.S. for first three months of 1961 were about 1,212,000 or 80 per cent of the total in the first quarter a year earlier .\\nWith the March pickup , dealers are optimistic that the April-June quarter will equal or top last year .\\nThe March gain plus this optimism has been encouraging enough to prompt auto makers to boost production schedules for the next quarter .\\nOn the local level , compacts continue to grab a larger share of the market at the expense of lower-priced standard models and foreign cars .\\nOnly three standard models -- Buick , Chrysler , and Mercury -- had slight year-to-year gains in March sales in the county .\\nThe top 3 students from 11 participating Dallas County high schools will be honored by the Dallas Sales Executives Club at a banquet at 6 p.m. Tuesday in the Sam Houston Room of the Sheraton-Dallas Hotel as the club winds up its annual Distributive Education project .\\nNow in its third year , the program is designed to provide a laboratory for those youngsters seeking careers in marketing and salesmanship .\\nBusiness firms provide 20 weeks of practical employment to supplement classroom instruction in these fields .\\nMore than 500 juniors and seniors are taking part in the program and 100 firms offer jobs on an educational rather than a need basis .\\nPrincipal address will be delivered by Gerald T. Owens , national sales manager for Isodine Pharmical Corp. of New York .\\nThe 33 honored students are : Mike Trigg , Raymond Arrington , and Ronald Kaminsky of Bryan Adams , Janice Whitney , Fil Terral , and Carl David Page of W. H. Adamson ; ;\\nBill Burke , Tommie Freeman , and Lawrence Paschall of N. R. Crozier Tech. Paulah Thompson , Gerald Kestner , and Nancy Stephenson of Hillcrest ; ;\\nArnold Hayes , Mary Ann Shay , and Lloyd Satterfield of Thomas Jefferson ; ;\\nWilliam Cluck , Deloris Carrel Carty , and Edna Earl Eaton of North Dallas ; ;\\nPatricia Ann Neal , Johnny Carruthers , and David McLauchlin of Rylie of Seagoville ; ;\\nDavid Wolverton , Sharon Flanagan , and James Weaver of W. W. Samuels ; ;\\nWilliam Austin , Gary Hammond , and Ronnie Davis of South Oak Cliff ; ;\\nBill Eaton , Carolyn Milton , and Ronnie Bert Stone of Sunset ; ;\\nand Charles Potter , Ronnie Moore , and Robert Bailey of Woodrow Wilson .\\nThe Kennedy administration's new housing and urban renewal proposals , particularly their effect on the Federal Housing Administration , came under fire in Dallas last week .\\nThe Administration's proposals , complex and sweeping as they are , all deal with fringe areas of the housing market rather than its core , stated Caron S. Stallard , first vice-president of the Mortgage Bankers Association of America .\\nSanta Barbara\\n-- `` The present recovery movement will gather steady momentum to lift the economy to a new historic peak by this autumn '' , Beryl W. Sprinkel , economist of Harris Trust & Savings Bank , Chicago , predicted at the closing session here Tuesday of Investment Bankers Assn. , California group , conference .\\nAnother speaker , William H. Draper , Jr. , former Under Secretary of the Army and now with the Palo Alto venture capital firm of Draper , Gaither & Anderson , urged the U.S. to `` throw down the gauntlet of battle to communism and tell Moscow bluntly we won't be pushed around any more '' .\\nHe urged support for President Kennedy's requests for both defense and foreign aid appropriations .\\n' not flash in pan '\\nSprinkel told conferees that the recent improvement in economic activity was not a `` temporary flash in the pan '' but the beginning of a substantial cyclical expansion that will carry the economy back to full employment levels and witness a renewal of our traditional growth pattern .\\n`` In view of the current expansion , which promises to be substantial '' he said the odds appear to favor rising interest rates in coming months , but `` there is reason to believe the change will not be as abrupt as in 1958 nor as severe as in late 1959 and 1960 '' .\\nThesis refuted\\nSprinkel strongly refuted the current neo-stagnationist thesis that we are facing a future of limited and slow growth , declaring that this pessimism `` is based on very limited and questionable evidence '' .\\nRather than viewing the abortive recovery in 1959-60 as a reason for believing we have lost prospects for growth '' , he said `` it should be viewed as a lesson well learned which will increase the probability of substantial improvement in this recovery '' .\\nDanger cited\\nHe cautioned that `` the greater danger in this recovery may be excessive stimulation by government which could bring moderate inflation '' .\\nThe economist does not look for a drastic switch in the budget during this recovery and believes it `` even more unlikely that the Federal Reserve will aggressively tighten monetary policy in the early phases of the upturn as was the case in 1958 '' .\\nThe unsatisfactory 1958-60 expansion , he said , was not due to inadequate growth forces inherent in our economy but rather to the adverse effect of inappropriate economic policies combined with retrenching decisions resulting from the steel strike .\\nSacrifices needed\\nDraper declared , `` As I see it , this country has never faced such great dangers as threaten us today .\\nWe must justify our heritage .\\nWe must be ready for any needed sacrifice '' .\\nHe said that from his experience of two years with Gen. Clay in West Berlin administration , that `` Russia respects our show of strength , but that presently we're not acting as we should and must '' .\\nHe called the Cuban tractor plan an outright blackmail action , and noted that in war `` you can't buy yourself out and that's what we're trying to do '' .\\nWhile he declined to suggest , how , he said that sooner or later we must get rid of Castro , `` for unless we do we're liable to face similar situations in this hemisphere .\\nIts the start of a direct threat to our own security and I don't believe we can permit that '' .\\nNew York ( AP )\\n-- Stock market Tuesday staged a technical recovery , erasing all of Monday's losses in the Associated Press average and making the largest gain in about two weeks .\\nAnalysts saw the move as a continuation of the recovery drive that got under way late Monday afternoon when the list sank to a hoped-for `` support level '' represented by around 675 in the Dow Jones industrial average .\\nIt was a level at which some of the investors standing on the sidelines were thought likely to buy the pivotal issues represented in the averages .\\nSome good news\\nAlthough it looked like a routine technical snapback to Wall Streeters it was accompanied by some good news .\\nA substantial rise in new orders and sales of durable goods was reported for last month .\\nTreasury Secretary Douglas Dillon said the economy is expected to advance by a whopping 8% next year , paving the way for lower taxes .\\nThe Dow Jones industrial average advanced 7.19 to 687.87 .\\nOf 1,253 issues traded , 695 advanced and 354 declined .\\nNew highs for the year totaled nine and new lows 14 .\\nTrading was comparatively dull throughout the day .\\nVolume dipped to 3.28 million shares from 3.98 million Monday .\\nA $25 billion advertising budget in an $800 billion economy was envisioned for the 1970s here Tuesday by Peter G. Peterson , head of one of the world's greatest camera firms , in a key address before the American Marketing Assn. .\\nHowever , Peterson , president of Bell & Howell , warned 800 U.S. marketing leaders attending a national conference at the Ambassador , that the future will belong to the industrialist of creative and `` unconventional wisdom '' .\\nCreations needed\\n`` As we look to the $800 billion economy that is predicted for 1970 and the increase of about 40% in consumer expenditures that will be required to reach that goal , management can well be restless about how this tremendous volume and number of new products will be created and marketed '' , Peterson said .\\n`` With this kind of new product log-jam , the premium for brilliant product planning will obviously go up geometrically '' .\\nThe executive paid tribute to research and development and technology for their great contributions in the past , but he also cautioned industry that they tend to be great equalizers because they move at a fairly even pace within an industry and fail to give it the short-term advantage which it often needs .\\nNothing to fear\\nPeterson said America has nothing to fear in world competition if it dares to be original in both marketing and product ideas .\\nHe cited , as an example , how the American camera industry has been able to meet successfully the competition of Japan despite lower Japanese labor costs , by improving its production know-how and technology .\\nHe also used as an example the manufacturer who introduced an all-automatic camera in Germany , with the result that it became the best selling camera in the German market .\\nElection of Howard L. Taylor to membership in Pacific Coast Stock Exchange , effective Tuesday , has been announced by Thomas P. Phelan , president of the exchange .\\nTaylor , president and voting stockholder of Taylor and Co. , Beverly Hills , has been active in the securities business since 1925 .\\nUnion Oil Co. of California Tuesday offered $120 million in debentures to the public through a group of underwriters headed by Dillon , Read & Co. , to raise money to retire a similar amount held by Gulf Oil Corp. .\\nGulf's holdings could have been converted into 2,700,877 shares of Union Oil common upon surrender of debentures plus cash , according to Union .\\nUnder the new offering , only $60 million in debentures are convertible into 923,076 common shares .\\nDue in 1986\\nThe new offering Tuesday consisted of $60 million worth of 4-7/8 debentures , due June 1 , 1986 , at 100% , and $60 million of 4-1/2% convertible subordinated debentures due June 1 , 1991 , at 100% .\\nThe convertible debentures are convertible into common shares at $65 a share by June 1 , 1966 ; ;\\n$70 by 1971 ; ;\\n$75 by 1976 ; ;\\n$80 by 1981 ; ;\\n$85 by 1986 , and $90 thereafter .\\nNew York ( AP )\\n-- American Stock Exchange prices enjoyed a fairly solid rise but here also trading dwindled .\\nVolume was 1.23 million shares , down from Monday's 1.58 million .\\nGains of 2-3/4 were posted for Teleprompter and Republic Foil .\\nFairchild Camera and Kawecki Chemical gained 2-1/2 each .\\nQuestion\\n-- I bought 50 shares of Diversified Growth Stock Fund on Oct. 23 , 1959 , and 50 more shares of the same mutual fund on Feb. 8 , 1960 .\\nSomething has gone wrong some place .\\nI am getting dividends on only 50 shares .\\nIn other words , I am getting only half the dividends I should .\\nAnswer\\n-- Write to the fund's custodian bank -- the First National Bank of Jersey City , N.J. .\\nThat bank handles most of the paper work for Diversified Growth Stock Fund , Fundamental Investors , Diversified Investment Fund and Television-Electronics Fund .\\nThe bank installed a magnetic tape electronic data processing system to handle things .\\nBut it seems that this `` electronic brain '' wasn't `` programmed '' correctly .\\nThis resulted in a great number of errors .\\nAnd letters began to come in to this column from irate shareholders .\\nI visited the bank in March and wrote a story about the situation .\\nAt that time , the people at the bank said they felt that they had the situation in hand .\\nThey indicated that no new errors were being made and that all old errors would be corrected `` within 60 days '' .\\nThat 60-day period is over and letters are still coming in from shareholders of these four funds , complaining about mistakes in their accounts .\\nMaybe it's taking longer to get things squared away than the bankers expected .\\nAny shareholder of any of these funds who finds a mistake in his account certainly should get in touch with the bank .\\nDoyle cannot undertake to reply to inquiries .\\nHe selects queries or general interest to answer .\\nWashington ( AP )\\n-- Alfred Hayes , president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York , said Tuesday `` there is no present need for far-reaching reforms '' which would basically alter the international financial system .\\nHayes said that if a way can be found to deal effectively with short-term capital movements between nations , `` there is no reason , in my judgment why the international financial system cannot work satisfactorily for at least the foreseeable future '' .\\nWashington ( UPI )\\n-- New York Central Railroad president Alfred E. Perlman said Tuesday his line would face the threat of bankruptcy if the Chesapeake & Ohio and Baltimore & Ohio Railroads merge .\\nPerlman said bankruptcy would not be an immediate effect of the merger , but could possibly be an ultimate effect .\\nThe railroad president made the statement in an interview as the Interstate Commerce Commission opened Round 2 of its hearing into the C & O's request to control and then merge with the B & Aj .\\n`` All these kind of things weaken us '' , Perlman said .\\nBad condition\\nBoard Chairman Howard Simpson of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. , testified the B & O was in its worst financial condition since the depression years and badly needed the economic lift it would get from consolidation with the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad .\\n`` The financial situation of the Baltimore & Ohio , has become precarious -- much worse than at any time since the depression of the 1930s '' , he told the hearing .\\nC & O president Walter J. Tuohy was summoned back for cross-examination by New York Central attorneys before examiner John Bradford who is hearing the complex case .\\nThe New York Central also has asked the ICC to permit it to gain control of the B & Aj .\\nCentral was rebuffed by the other two railroads in previous attempts to make it a three-way merger .\\nThe proposed C & O-B & O railroad would make it the hemisphere's second largest .\\nWashington ( AP )\\n-- The government's short-term borrowing costs rose with Tuesday's weekly offering of Treasury bills .\\nOn $1.1 billion of 90-day bills , the average yield was 2.325% .\\nThe rate a week ago was 2.295% .\\nWashington , March 11 ( UPI ) .\\n-- `` Consumer uncertain about economic conditions '' .\\nThis was the chief reason for a so-so sales outlook given by two-thirds of 56 builders polled by the National Housing Center .\\nOther reasons mentioned by one-third or more of the builders were `` resistance to high interest rates , cost advantage of buying over renting has narrowed , shelter market nearing saturation and prospects unable to qualify '' .\\nIncrease expected\\nThe poll was taken at the Center's annual builders' intentions conference .\\nIt disclosed that the builders :\\nExpect their own production volume , and presumably sales , to jump 30 percent in 1961 .\\nLook for home building nationally to advance less than 10 percent this year from 1960's 1,257,700 non-farm housing starts .\\nThe industry has said 1960 was a poor year .\\nStarts were down 20 percent from 1959 .\\nWhy the discrepancy between the builders' forecasts for themselves and for the industry ? ?\\nLeaders of industry\\nThe reason , says the Housing Center , is that the builders invited to the intentions conference `` are generally among the more successful businessmen , and usually do somewhat better than their fellow builders '' .\\nElburn , Ill.\\n-- Farm machinery dealer Bob Houtz tilts back in a battered chair and tells of a sharp pickup in sales : `` We've sold four corn pickers since Labor Day and have good prospects for 10 more .\\nWe sold only four pickers all last year '' .\\nGus Ehlers , competitor of Mr. Houtz in this farm community , says his business since August 1 is running 50% above a year earlier .\\n`` Before then , my sales during much of the year had lagged behind 1960 by 20% '' , he says .\\nThough the sales gains these two dealers are experiencing are above average for their business , farm equipment sales are climbing in most rural areas .\\nParadoxically , the sales rise is due in large measure to Government efforts to slash farm output .\\nAlthough the Administration's program cut crop acreage to the lowest point since 1934 , farmers , with the help of extra fertilizer and good weather , are getting such high yields per acre that many are being forced to buy new harvesting machines .\\nFields of corn and some other crops in many cases are so dense that older equipment cannot handle them efficiently .\\nThe higher price supports provided by the new legislation , together with rising prices for farm products , are pushing up farm income , making it possible for farmers to afford the new machinery .\\nSeven of the eight companies that turn out full lines of farm machinery say sales by their dealers since the start of August have shown gains averaging nearly 10% above last year .\\n`` In August our dealers sold 13% more farm machinery than a year earlier and in September retail sales were 14% higher than last year '' , says Mark V. Keeler , farm equipment vice president of International Harvester Co. .\\nFor the year to date , sales of the company's farm equipment dealers still lag about 5% behind 1960 .\\nTwo of three report gains\\nAmong individual dealers questioned in nearly a score of states , two out of three report their sales since August 1 show sizable gains from a year earlier , with the increases ranging from 5% to 50% .\\nNot all sections are showing an upswing , however ; ;\\nthe drought-seared North Central states are the most notable exceptions to the uptrend .\\nThe significance of the pickup in farm machinery sales extends beyond the farm equipment industry .\\nThe demand for farm machinery is regarded as a yardstick of rural buying generally .\\nFarmers spend more of their income on tractors and implements than on any other group of products .\\nMore than 20 million people live on farms and they own a fourth of the nation's trucks , buy more gasoline than any other industry and provide a major market for home appliances , chemicals and other products .\\nFarmers are so eager for new machinery that they're haggling less over prices than they did a year ago , dealers report .\\n`` Farmers aren't as price conscious as last year so we can get more money on a sale '' , says Jack Martin , who sells J. I. Case tractors and implements in Sioux City , Iowa .\\n`` This morning , we allowed a farmer $600 on the old picker he traded in on a new $2,700 model .\\nLast year , we probably would have given him $700 for a comparable machine '' .\\nMr. Martin sold 21 tractors in August ; ;\\nin August of 1960 , he sold seven .\\nDealers' stocks down\\nWith dealer stocks of new equipment averaging about 25% below a year ago , the affects of the rural recovery are being felt almost immediately by the country's farm equipment manufacturers .\\nFor example , farm equipment shipments of International Harvester in August climbed about 5% above a year earlier , Mr. Keeler reports .\\nTractor production at Massey-Ferguson , Ltd. , of Toronto in July and August rose to 2,418 units from 869 in the like period a year earlier , says John Staiger , vice president .\\nWith the lower dealer inventories and the stepped-up demand some manufacturers believe there could be shortages of some implements .\\nMerritt D. Hill , Ford Motor Co. vice president , says his company is starting to get calls daily from dealers demanding immediate delivery or wanting earlier shipping dates on orders for corn pickers .\\nExcept for a few months in late 1960 and early 1961 , retail farm equipment sales have trailed year-earlier levels since the latter part of 1959 .\\nThe rise in sales last winter was checked when the Government's new feed grain program was adopted ; ;\\nthe program resulted in a cutback of around 20% in planted acreage and , as a result , reduced the immediate need for machines .\\nNearly all of the farm equipment manufacturers and dealers say the upturn in sales has resulted chiefly from the recent improvement in crop prospects .\\nTotal farm output for this year is officially forecast at 129% of the 1947-49 average , three points higher than the July 1 estimate and exactly equal to the final figure for 1960 .\\nThe Government also is aiding farmers' income prospects .\\nAgriculture Department economists estimate the Government this year will hand farmers $1.4 billion in special subsidies and incentive payments , well above the record $1.1 billion of 1958 and about double the $639 million of 1960 .\\nPrice support loans may total another $1 billion this year .\\nWith cash receipts from marketings expected to be slightly above 1960 , farmers' gross income is estimated at $39.5 billion , $1.5 billion above 1960's record high .\\nNet income may reach $12.7 billion , up $1 billion from 1960 and the highest since 1953 .\\nThe Government reported last week that the index of prices received by farmers rose in the month ended at mid-September for the third consecutive month , reaching 242% of the 1910-14 average compared with 237% at mid-July .\\nKennedy opposes any widespread relief from a High Court depletion ruling .\\nThe Supreme Court decision in mid-1960 was in the case of a company making sewer pipe from clay which it mined .\\nThe company , in figuring its taxable earnings , deducted a percentage of the revenue it received for its finished products .\\nSuch `` depletion allowances '' , in the form of percentages of sales are authorized by tax law for specified raw materials producers using up their assets .\\nThe High Court held that the company must apply its percentage allowance to the value of the raw materials removed from the ground , not to the revenue from finished products .\\nA measure passed by Congress just before adjourning softened the ruling's impact , on prior-year returns still under review , for clay-mining companies that make brick and tile products .\\nThe measure allows such companies in those years to apply their mineral depletion allowances to 50% of the value of the finished products rather than the lower value of raw clay alone .\\nPresident Kennedy , in signing the relief measure into law , stressed he regarded it as an exception .\\n`` My approval of this bill should not be viewed as establishing a precedent for the enactment of similar legislation for other mineral industries '' , the President said .\\nCharitable deductions come in for closer scrutiny by the I.R.S. .\\nThe Service announced that taxpayers making such claims may be called on to furnish a statement from the recipient organization showing the date , purpose , amount and other particulars of the contribution .\\nRequests for substantiation , the Service indicated , can be especially expected in cases where it suspects the donor received some material benefit in return , such as tickets to a show .\\nIn such an instance , revenuers stressed , the deduction must be reduced by the value of the benefit received .\\nA rule on the Federal deductibility of state taxes is contested .\\nA realty corporation in Louisiana owed no tax , under Federal law , on its gain from the sale of property disposed of in line with a plan of liquidation .\\nLouisiana , however , collected an income tax on the profits from the sale .\\nThe corporation , in filing its final Federal income return , claimed the state tax payment as a deductible expense , as permitted under U.S. tax law .\\nThe Revenue Service disallowed the claim , invoking a law provision that generally bars deductions for expenses incurred in connection with what it said was tax-exempt income .\\nThe Tax Court rejected this view .\\nIt said the tax-freedom of the gain in this case stemmed not from the exempt status of the income but from a special rule on corporate liquidations .\\nThe Tax Court decision and a similar earlier finding by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals challenges a year-old I.R.S. ruling on the subject .\\nThe Service has not said what its next step will be .\\nPeace Corps volunteers are assured a tax benefit under the law creating the agency .\\nIt provides that the $1,800 termination payment each cadet is to get , after serving a two-year hitch without pay , will be spread over both years , not taxed in its entirety at a possibly higher rate in the year received .\\nThe owner of a public relations firm owed no income tax on payments he received from a client company and `` kicked back '' to the company's advertising manager , the Tax Court ruled .\\nThe taxpayer testified that in order to retain the account he had to pad his invoices and pay the excess to the manager .\\nThe Court upheld the taxpayer's contention that these `` kickbacks '' were not his income though they passed through his hands .\\nThe Court limited its decision to the tax issue involved , commenting : `` It is not our province to pass judgment on the morality of the transaction '' .\\nA portable kerosene range designed for use aboard boats is sold with a special railing to keep it from moving with the motion of the vessel .\\nThe Revenue Service said the addition of the attachment does not keep the range from coming under the Federal manufacturers' excise tax on household-type appliances .\\nHiring the wife for one's company may win her tax-aided retirement income .\\nA spouse employed by a corporation her husband controls , for example , may be entitled to distributions under the company's pension plan as well as to her own Social Security coverage .\\nShe would be taxed on the pensions when received , of course , but the company's contributions would be tax-free .\\nA frequent pitfall in this sort of arrangement , experts warn , is a tendency to pay the wife more than her job is worth and to set aside an excessive amount for her as retirement income .\\nIn that event , they note , the Revenue Service might declare the pension plan is discriminatory and deny it tax privileges under the law .\\nPossible upshots : The company could be denied a deduction for its pension payments , or those payments for the wife and other employes could be ruled taxable to them in the year made .\\nState briefs : Voters in four counties containing and bordering Denver authorized the imposition of an additional 2% sales tax within that area .\\nColorado has a 2% sales tax .\\nDenver itself collects a 1% sales tax which is to be absorbed in the higher area tax .\\nThe Washington state supreme court ruled that the state's occupation tax applied to sales , made at cost to an oil company , by a wholly-owned subsidiary set up to purchase certain supplies without divulging the identity of the parent .\\nThe state's occupation tax is computed on gross sales .\\nThe court held that the tax applied to non-profit sales because the corporations realized economic benefits by doing business as two separate entities .\\nWashington\\n-- Consumer spending edged down in April after rising for two consecutive months , the Government reported .\\nThe Commerce Department said seasonally adjusted sales of retail stores dropped to slightly under $18 billion in April , down 1% from the March level of more than $18.2 billion .\\nApril sales also were 5% below those of April last year , when volume reached a record for any month , $18.9 billion ( see chart on Page One ) .\\nThe seasonal adjustment takes into account such factors as Easter was on April 2 this year , two weeks earlier than in 1960 , and pre-Easter buying was pushed into March .\\nCommerce Department officials were inclined to explain the April sales decline as a reaction from a surge of consumer buying in March .\\nAdjusted sales that month were up a relatively steep 2.5% from those of the month before , which in turn were slightly higher than the January low of $17.8 billion .\\nGreer Garson , world-famous star of stage , screen and television , will be honored for the high standard in tasteful sophisticated fashion with which she has created a high standard in her profession .\\nAs a Neiman-Marcus award winner the titian-haired Miss Garson is a personification of the individual look so important to fashion this season .\\nShe will receive the 1961 `` Oscar '' at the 24th annual Neiman-Marcus Exposition , Tuesday and Wednesday in the Grand Ballroom of the Sheraton-Dallas Hotel .\\nThe only woman recipient , Miss Garson will receive the award with Ferdinando Sarmi , creator of chic , beautiful women's fashions ; ;\\nHarry Rolnick , president of the Byer-Rolnick Hat Corporation and designer of men's hats ; ;\\nSydney Wragge , creator of sophisticated casuals for women and Roger Vivier , designer of Christian Dior shoes Paris , France , whose squared toes and lowered heels have revolutionized the shoe industry .\\nThe silver and ebony plaques will be presented at noon luncheons by Stanley Marcus , president of Neiman-Marcus , Beneficiary of the proceeds from the two showings will be the Dallas Society for Crippled Children Cerebral Palsy Treatment Center .\\nThe attractive Greer Garson , who loves beautiful clothes and selects them as carefully as she does her professional roles , prefers timeless classical designs .\\nOccasionally she deserts the simple and elegant for a fun piece simply because `` It's unlike me '' .\\nIn private life , Miss Garson is Mrs. E. E. Fogelson and on the go most of the time commuting from Dallas , where they maintain an apartment , to their California home in Los Angeles' suburban Bel-Air to their ranch in Pecos , New Mexico .\\nTherefore , her wardrobe is largely mobile , to be packed at a moment's notice and to shake out without a wrinkle .\\nHer creations in fashion are from many designers because she doesn't want a complete wardrobe from any one designer any more than she wants `` all of her pictures by one painter '' .\\nA favorite is Norman Norell , however .\\nShe likes his classic chemise .\\nHer favorite cocktail dress is a Norell , a black and white organdy and silk jersey .\\nIrene suits rate high because they are designed for her long-bodied silhouette .\\nShe also likes the femininity and charm of designs by Ceil Chapman and Helen Rose .\\nBalenciaga is her favorite European designer .\\n`` I bought my first dress from him when I was still a struggling young actress '' , she reminisces .\\n`` I like his clothes for their drama and simplicity and appreciate the great impact he has on fashion '' .\\nBlack and white is her favorite color combination along with lively glowing pinks , reds , blues and greens .\\nOf Scotch-Irish-Scandinavian descent , Greer Garson was born in County Down , Ireland .\\nHer mother was a Greer and her father's family came from the Orkney Isles .\\nReared in England , she studied to be a teacher , earned several scholarships and was graduated with honors from the University of London .\\nShe took postgraduate work at the University of Grenoble in France and then returned to London to work on market research with an advertising firm .\\nHer acting began with the Birmingham Repertory Company and she soon became the toast of the West End .\\nAmong stage performances was a starring role in `` Golden Arrow '' directed by Noel Coward .\\nIt was during `` Old Music '' at the St. James Theater that Hollywood's Louis B. Mayer spotted her .\\nAfter signing a motion-picture contract , she came to America and had `` Goodbye , Mr. Chips '' as her first assignment after a year's wait .\\nOther triumphs include `` Random Harvest '' , `` Madame Curie '' , `` Pride and Prejudice '' , `` The Forsythe Saga '' and `` Mrs. Miniver '' ( which won her the Academy Award in 1943 ) .\\nHonors that have come to Greer Garson are countless .\\nJust this April she was nominated for the seventh time for an Academy Award for her portrayal of Eleanor Roosevelt in `` Sunrise at Campobello '' .\\nShe gave a fine portrayal of Auntie Mame on Broadway in 1958 and has appeared in live television from `` Captain Brassbound's Conversion '' to `` Camille '' .\\nShe is in Madame Tussard's Waxworks in London , a princess of the Kiowa tribe and an honorary colonel in many states .\\nShe is adept at skeet shooting , trout fishing , Afro-Cuban and Oriental dancing and Southwestern archaeology .\\nShe now serves on the board of directors of the Dallas Symphony Orchestra and the Dallas Theater Center and on the board of trustees of the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts .\\nShe is state chairman for the New Mexico Tuberculosis and Cancer Associations .\\nBoth Miss Garson and her oilman-rancher husband are active supporters of Boys Clubs of America and patrons of the vivid art and opera colony that flourishes in New Mexico .\\nBack in college , today's handsome Gander was the only male member of a Texas Tech class on food .\\nThe pretty coeds must have ogled him all day long -- but he dutifully kept his eye on the gravy .\\nLast October he gave a public speech in Washington , D.C. entitled `` Are Women Here To Stay '' ? ?\\nSo you can see that Gerald G. Ramsey , director of SMU's food services , is not the ordinary type of craven , women-trodden chef .\\nHe is apt to rear back and claim his rights .\\nRamsey , as SMU's food wrangler , buys enough groceries to serve 32,000 meals a week .\\nTell that to the little wife when she moans at the woman's burden ! !\\nHe also dishes up 3,000 snacks .\\nAnd he operates three cafeterias in the Student Center , along with McElvaney Dining Hall and the athlete's tables .\\nRamsey , 6-3 , 195 and ruggedly slim , says , `` I can't remember when I didn't pester my mother to teach me to cook '' .\\nHe was in charge of the Hockaday School meals from 1946 to 1950 , before he moved to Aj .\\nAnd you'll notice that in both places , there are acres of charming young ladies who with little effort spice up any chow line .\\nWhat does he feed his SMU football mastodons at the training table ? ?\\n`` Mostly meat and potatoes -- they have to have that go-go-go without getting too fat '' , says Ramsey .\\nSo he hides the mayonnaise .\\nAnd to keep athletes' stomachs from getting jumpy under physical duress , he bans all highly flavored condiments .\\nWhat do the pretty SMU girls like on their plates ? ?\\n`` Pretty much hamburger , hotdogs , steak and , at night , maybe pizza '' , says the handsome food expert .\\n`` Unfortunately , there is still little demand for broccoli and cauliflower '' .\\nRamsey has stoked up Harry Truman , Henry Cabot Lodge , the King of Morocco , Clement Atlee and other shiny characters .\\nOnce four Tibetan monks , in their saffron robes , filed through the cafeteria line .\\n`` They aren't supposed to look at women , you know '' , Ramsey recalled .\\n`` What with all those pretty girls around , they had a hard time '' .\\nChicken Cadillac\\nUse one 6-ounce chicken breast for each guest .\\nSalt and pepper each breast .\\nDip in melted butter and roll in flour .\\nPlace side by side in a 2-inch deep baking pan .\\nBake slowly about one hour at 250-275 F. until lightly brown .\\nAdd enough warmed cream , seasoned to taste with onion juice , to about half cover the chicken breasts .\\nBake slowly at least one-half hour longer .\\nWhile this is baking , saute mushrooms , fresh or canned , in butter .\\nSprinkle over top of chicken breasts .\\nServe each breast on a thin slice of slow-baked ham and sprinkle with Thompson seedless grapes .\\n( Leave off the ham and you call it Chicken Pontiac , says Ramsey .\\n)\\nContemporary furniture that is neither Danish nor straight-line modern but has sculptured pattern , many design facets , warmth , dignity and an effect of utter comfort and livability .\\nThat is the goal of two new collections being introduced in Dallas this month .\\nThough there has been some avant garde indication that contemporary furniture might go back to the boxy look of the '20's and '40's , two manufacturers chose to take the approach of the sophisticated , but warm look in contemporary .\\nThese two , Heritage and Drexel , chose too not to produce the exactly matching design for every piece , but a collection of correlated designs , each of which could stand alone .\\nThe Heritage collection , to be shown by Sanger-Harris and Anderson's Studio , has perhaps more different types of woods and decorations than any one manufacturer ever assembled together at one time .\\nCalled Perennian , to indicate its lasting , good today and tomorrow quality , the collection truly avoids the monotony of identical pieces .\\nWalnut , wormy chestnut , pecan , three varieties of burl , hand-woven Philippine cane , ceramic tiles , marble are used to emphasize the feeling of texture and of permanence , the furniture to fit into rooms with tiled floors , brick or paneled walls , windows that bring in the outdoors .\\nIt is a collection with a custom-design look , offering simplicity with warmth , variety and vitality .\\nThe Drexel collection , called Composite , to be shown by Titche's offers a realistic approach to decorating , a mature modern that is a variation of many designs .\\nRounded posts give a soft , sculptured look , paneled doors have decorative burl panels or cane insets plus softening arches , table tops are inlaid in Macassar ebony or acacia .\\nA high-legged buffet provides easy-to-reach serving , a cocktail table has small snack tables tucked under each end , recessed arched panels decorate a 60-inch long chest .\\nAn interesting approach to the bedroom is presented , with a young , basic , functional group of chests , dressers and corner units and a canted headboard .\\nThe other bedroom has heavier styling , door-fronted dressers with acacia panels , a poster bed or a bed with arched acacia panels and matching mirror .\\nColorful , bright Eastman Chromspun fabrics , with the magenta , pink and white tones predominating as well as golden shades are used with Composite .\\nThe fabrics have Scotchgard finish to resist soil and wrinkles .\\nDesign elements closely rooted to traditional forms but wearing a definite contemporary label keynote Drexel's fall 1961 group , Composite .\\nThe spider-leg pedestal table has a base finished in an ebony , to set off the lustrous brown of the walnut top .\\nSee-through design of the chairs combines both the nostalgic ladder back and an Oriental shoji flavor .\\nTo bring warmth to the dining area , golden orange tones are used in the fabrics .\\nDignity and comfort , in a contemporary manner , reflecting the best aspects of today's design , with substance and maturity , keynote the Perennian collection from Heritage .\\nCenter panel , hand-screened wood , actually is a back of one of the tall bookcases .\\nMellow bronzy-green-gold fabrics and the gleam of copper and hand-crafted ceramic accessories reiterate the mood as does the Alexander Smith carpet in all wool loop pile .\\nThe Vagabonds are `` on the road '' again .\\nMembers are on their way to Saledo , not by stage coach , but in air-conditioned cars .\\nThis coming weekend they have reserved the entire Stagecoach Inn and adjoining country club , Saledo , for festivities .\\nInvitations have been extended to some Austin dignitaries including Gov. and Mrs. Price Daniel .\\nStagecoach Days is the theme for the weekend on the Old Chisholm Trail .\\nThe get-together Friday night will be a banquet at the country club patio and pool , and an orchestra will play for dancing .\\nGuests will wear costumes typical of the Chisholm Trail Days .\\nGinghams and calico will be popular dress for the women .\\nThe men will be in western attire , including Stetsons and colored vests .\\nDecorating the ballroom will be the yellow rose of Texas , in tall bushes ; ;\\nbluebonnets and stagecoach silhouettes .\\nThere will be a large drawing of a sunbonnet girl with eyes that flash at the guests .\\nMr. and Mrs. Phil G. Abell are chairmen for the Saledo trip .\\nCommittee members aiding them in planning the entertainment are Messrs and Mmes Roy McKee , George McElyee , Jack Fanning , W. H. Roquemore and Joe Darrow .\\nThe travel club is comprised of 75 fun-loving couples who have as their motto `` Go Somewhere , Anywhere , Everywhere '' .\\nTheir activities will be climaxed in the spring of 1962 when they go to Europe .\\nIn the past , the men and women have chartered planes to Las Vegas and Jamaica , buses to Mineral Wells and Kerrville and private railway coaches to Shreveport and Galveston .\\nFour parties are given a year .\\nTwo of these are in or near Dallas and the others away from the vicinity .\\nServing on the club's board are Mmes R. P. Anderson , president ; ;\\nA. F. Schmalzried , secretary ; ;\\nW. H. Roquemore , treasurer , and the following chairmen : Mmes McKee , publicity ; ;\\nLawrence B. Jones , yearbook , and Sam Laughlin , scrapbook .\\nA cookie with caramel filling and chocolate frosting won $25,000 for a Minneapolis housewife in the 13th annual Pillsbury Bake-Off Tuesday .\\nMrs. Alice H. Reese , wife of an engineer and mother of a 23-year-old son , was awarded the top prize at a luncheon in the Beverly Hilton Hotel .\\nMrs. Reese entered 10 past bake-offs before she got into the finals .\\nSecond grand prize of $5,000 went to Mrs. Clara L. Oliver for her Hawaiian coffee ring , a rich yeast bread with coconut filling and vanilla glaze .\\nMother of five\\nMrs. Oliver is mother of five children and wife of a machinist .\\nShe lives in Wellsville , Mo. .\\nMrs. Reese baked her cookies for only the third time in the Bake-off finals .\\nAnd the third time was the charm .\\nShe dreamed up the cookie recipe , tried it , liked it and entered it in the contest .\\nThe second baking was for photographing when told she was a finalist .\\nThe third time was on the floor of the Beverly Hilton ballroom and for the critical eyes and tongues of judges .\\nMr. and Mrs. Joseph R. Bolker will give a dinner on Friday at their home in Beverly Hills to honor Mrs. Norman Chandler , chairman of the Music Center Building Fund Committee , and Mr. Chandler .\\nMr. Bolker heads a group within the building and development industry to raise funds in support of this cultural center for the performing arts .\\nA feature of the party will be a presentation by Welton Becket , center architect , of color slides and renderings of the three-building complex .\\nFoliage will glow at formal fall party\\nFall foliage and flowers will decorate Los Angeles Country Club for the annual formal party Saturday evening .\\nMore than 200 are expected at the autumn event which is matched in the spring .\\nAmong those with reservations are Messrs. and Mmes. William A. Thompson , Van Cott Niven , A. B. Cox , David Bricker , Samuel Perry and Robert D. Stetson .\\nOthers are Drs. and Mmes. Alfred Robbins , and J. Lafe Ludwig and Gen. and Mrs. Leroy Watson .\\nGuests from across U.S. honor Dr. Swim\\nWhen Dr. W. A. Swim celebrated his 75th birthday at the Wilshire Country Club , guests came by chartered plane from all over the country .\\nA flight originating in Florida picked up guests on the East Coast and Midwest and a plane left from Seattle taking on passengers at West Coast points .\\nCocktails and a buffet supper were served to more than 100 persons who had known Dr. Swim when he practiced in Los Angeles .\\nHe started practice in 1917 , and served on the State Board of Medical Examiners .\\nGiving up the violin opened a whole new career for Ilona Schmidl-Seeberg , a tiny Hungarian who Fritz Kreisler had predicted would have a promising career on the concert stage .\\nA heart attack when she was barely 20 put an end to the 10-hour daily practicing .\\nShe put the violin away and took out some linen , needles and yarn to while away the long , idle days in Budapest .\\nNow her modern tapestries have been exhibited on two continents and , at 26 , she feels she is on the threshold of a whole new life in Los Angeles .\\nHer days as an art student at the University of Budapest came to a sudden end during the Hungarian uprisings in 1957 and she and her husband Stephen fled to Vienna .\\nThere they continued their studies at the university , she in art , he in architecture .\\nAnd there she had her first showing of tapestry work .\\nThere's a lot of talk about the problem of education in America today .\\nWhat most people don't seem to realize , if they aren't tied up with the thing as I am , is that 90% of the problem is transportation .\\nI never dreamed of the logistical difficulties involved until , at long last , both of my boys got squeezed into high school .\\nIt seems like only last year that we watched them set out up the hill hand in hand on a rainy day in their yellow raincoats to finger-paint at the grammar school .\\nGetting to and from school was no problem .\\nThey either walked or were driven .\\nNow they go to a high school that is two miles away .\\nOne might think the problem would be similar .\\nThey could walk , ride on a bus or be driven .\\nIt's much more complex than that .\\nGenerally , they go to school with a girl named Gloriana , who lives down the block , and has a car .\\nThis is a way of getting to school , but , I understand , it entails a certain loss of social status .\\nA young man doesn't like to be driven up in front of a school in a car driven by a girl who isn't even in a higher class than he is , and is also a girl .\\n`` Why don't you walk to school then '' ? ?\\nI suggested .\\n`` My father walked , through two miles of snow , in Illinois '' .\\n`` Did you '' ? ?\\nI was asked .\\n`` No '' , I said , `` I didn't happen to grow up in Illinois '' .\\nI explained , however , that I had my share of hardship in making my daily pilgrimage to the feet of wisdom .\\nI had to ride a streetcar two miles .\\nSometimes the streetcar was late .\\nSometimes there weren't even any seats .\\nI had to stand up , with the ladies .\\nSometimes I got on the wrong car and didn't get to school at all , but wound up at the ocean , or some other dismal place , and had to spend the day there .\\nI've tried to compromise by letting them take the little car now and then .\\nWhen they do that my wife has to drive me to work in the big car .\\nShe has to have at least one car herself .\\nI feel a certain loss of status when I am driven up in front of work in a car driven by my wife , who is only a woman .\\nEven that isn't satisfactory .\\nIf they have to take any car , they'd rather take the big one .\\nThey say that when they take a car , Gloriana doesn't take her car , but rides with them .\\nBut when Gloriana rides with them they also have to take the two girls who usually ride with her , so the little car isn't big enough .\\nThe logic of that is impeccable , of course , except that I feel like a fool being driven up to work in a little car , by my wife , when everybody knows I have a big car and am capable of driving myself .\\nThe solution , naturally , is the bus .\\nHowever , it's a half-mile walk down a steep hill from our house to the bus , and it's too hard on my legs .\\nMy wife could drive us down the hill and we could all walk from there .\\nBut that's hardly realistic .\\nNobody walks anymore but crackpots and Harry Truman , and he's already got an education .\\nAdvance publicity on the Los Angeles Blue Book does not mention names dropped as did the notices for the New York Social Register which made news last week .\\nPublished annually by William Hord Richardson , the 1962 edition , subtitled Society Register of Southern California , is scheduled to arrive with Monday morning's postman .\\nPublisher Richardson has updated the Blue Book `` but it still remains the compact reference book used by so many for those ever-changing telephone numbers , addresses , other residences , club affiliations and marriages '' .\\nStars for marriage\\nStars throughout the volume denote dates of marriages during the past year .\\nLast two to be added before the book went to press were the marriages of Meredith Jane Cooper , daughter of the Grant B. Coopers , to Robert Knox Worrell , and of Mary Alice Ghormley to Willard Pen Tudor .\\nOthers are Carla Ruth Craig to Dan McFarland Chandler Jr. ; ;\\nJoanne Curry , daughter of the Ellsworth Currys , to James Hartley Gregg , and Valerie Smith to James McAlister Duque .\\nAlso noted are the marriages of Elizabeth Browning , daughter of the George L. Brownings , to Austin C. Smith Jr. ; ;\\nCynthia Flower , daughter of the Ludlow Flowers Jr. , to Todd Huntington , son of the David Huntingtons .\\nPasadena listings\\nListed as newly wed in the Pasadena section of the new book are Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Moody Haskins 3 .\\nShe is the former Judy Chapman , daughter of John S. Chapman of this city .\\nThe young couple live in Pasadena .\\nAnother marriage of note is that of Jane McAlester and William Louis Pfau .\\nChanges in address are noted .\\nFor instance , the Edwin Pauleys Jr. , formerly of Chantilly Rd. , are now at home on North Arden Dr. in Beverly Hills .\\nMr. and Mrs. Robert Moulton now live on Wilshire and the Franklin Moultons on S. Windsor Blvd. .\\nThe Richard Beesemyers , formerly of Connecticut , have returned to Southern California and are now residing on South Arden Blvd. .\\nBut the Raoul Esnards have exchanged their residence in Southern California for Mexico City .\\nMore new addresses\\nJudge and Mrs. Julian Hazard are now at Laguna Beach , while the Frank Wangemans have moved from Beverly Hills to New York , where he is general manager of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel .\\nAnd Lawrence Chase , son of the Ransom Chases , is listed at his new address in Oxford , Eng. .\\nOthers listed at new addresses are the Richard T. Olerichs , the Joseph Aderholds Jr. , the Henri De La Chapelles , the John Berteros and Dr. and Mrs. Egerton Crispin , the John Armisteads , the Allen Chases , the Howard Lockies , the Thomas Lockies , and Anthony Longinotti .\\nNewcomers of social note from other parts of the country are the Ray Carbones , formerly of Panama ; ;\\nthe Geddes MacGregors , formerly of Scotland , and Mr. and Mrs. Werner H. Althaus , formerly of Switzerland .\\nHere's an idea for a child's room that is easy to execute and is completely charming , using puppets for lamp bases .\\nMost children love the animated puppet faces and their flexible bodies , and they prefer to see them as though the puppets were in action , rather than put away in boxes .\\nDisplayed as lamps , the puppets delight the children and are decorative accent .\\nTo create such a lamp , order a wired pedestal from any lamp shop .\\nMeasure the puppet to determine the height of the light socket , allowing three to four inches above the puppet's head .\\nMake sure that the metal tube through which the wire passes is in the shape of an inverted `` L '' , the foot of the `` L '' about three inches long , so that the puppet can hang directly under the light .\\nPulling strings\\nUsing the strings that manipulate the puppet , suspend him from the light fixture by tying the strings to the lamp base .\\nIn this way , you can arrange his legs and arms in any desired position , with feet , or one foot , barely resting on the pedestal .\\nIf the puppets are of uniform size , you can change them in accord with your child's whims .\\nAlthough a straight drum shade would be adequate and sufficiently neutral that the puppets could be changed without disharmony , it is far more fun to create shades in the gay spirit of a child's playtime .\\nThose illustrated are reminiscent of a circus top or a merry-go-round .\\nThe scalloped edge is particularly appealing .\\nToday's trend toward furniture designs from America's past is teaching home-owners and decorators a renewed respect for the shrewd cabinetmakers of our Colonial era .\\nA generation ago there were plenty of people who appreciated antiques and fine reproductions .\\nIn the background lurked the feeling , however , that these pieces , beautiful as they were , lacked the utilitarian touch .\\nSo junior's bedroom was usually tricked out with heavy , nondescript pieces that supposedly could take the `` hard knocks '' , while the fine secretary was relegated to the parlor where it was for show only .\\nThis isn't true of the many homemakers of the 1960's , according to decorator consultant , Leland Alden .\\nHousewives are finding literally hundreds of ways of getting the maximum use out of traditional designs , says Mr. Alden and they are doing it largely because Colonial craftsmen had `` an innate sense of the practical '' .\\nSolid investment\\nThere are a number of reasons why the Eighteenth Century designer had to develop `` down to earth '' designs -- or go out of business .\\nHotel Escape's Bonanza room has a real bonanza in its new attraction , the versatile `` Kings 4 , Plus Two '' .\\nThis is the strongest act to hit the area in a long while -- a well integrated , fast moving outfit specializing in skits , vocals , comedy and instrumentals all of it distinctly displaying the pro touch .\\nShow spotlights the Kings -- George Worth , Bill Kay , Frank Ciciulla and Gene Wilson , flanked by Dave Grossman and Ron Stevens .\\nThe Plus Two remain at a fixed position with drums and guitar but the quartet covers the stage with a batch of instruments ranging from tuba to tambourine , and the beat is solid .\\nIn the comedy division , the Kings simply augment talent and imagination with a few props .\\nNet result is some crazy-wonderful nonsense , part of which can be classed as pure slapstick .\\nKings 4 , have rated as a popular act in Vegas and Western nightclubs .\\nIf they can't chalk up big business here then let's stop this noise about how hip we are , and stick to our community singing ,\\nelsewhere\\nAndy Bartha and his trio have booked into Oceania Lounge .\\nThe Cumbancheros , Latin combo , open Tuesday at the Four O'Clock Club .\\n`` Flip '' Phillips for a return engagement at Fireside Steak Ranch Wednesday ; ;\\nsame date , Johnny LaSalle trio to the Jolly Roger .\\nDick Carroll and his accordion ( which we now refer to as `` Freida '' ) held over at Bahia Cabana where `` Sir '' Judson Smith brings in his calypso capers Oct. 13 .\\nJohnny Leighton picked up some new numbers out in Texas which he's springing on the ringsiders in the Rum House at Galt Ocean Mile Hotel .\\n`` Skip '' Hovarter back in town from a summer in the Reno-Lake Tahoe area where he ran into Rusty Warren , Kay Martin , the Marskmen and Tune Toppers -- all pulling good biz , he says .\\nWe like Fike\\nAl Fike , an ex-schoolteacher from Colorado , is currently pursuing the three R's -- rhythm , reminiscence and repartee -- in a return class session at the Trade Winds Hotel .\\nAl has added some sidemen to the act which makes for a smoother operation but it's substantially the same format heard last spring .\\nNewcomers are Ernie Kemm on piano , Wes Robbins , bass and trumpet , and Jack Kelly on drums .\\nIt's a solid show but , except for some interim keyboarding by Ernie , it's Al's all the way .\\nMaestro's biggest stock in trade is his personality , and ability to establish a warm rapport with his audience .\\nHe skips around from jazz , to blues to boogie -- accompanying himself on piano and frequently pulling the customers in on the act .\\nThis is a bouncy show which may get a little too frantic at times , but is nevertheless worth your appraisal .\\nNew owners\\nCafe Society opens formally this afternoon under its new ownership .\\nGeorge Kissak is the bossman ; ;\\nTerry Barnes has been named manager .\\nSpot retains the same decor although crystal chandeliers have been installed above the terrace dining area , and the kitchen has undergone a remodeling job .\\nLatter domain , under the guidance of Chef Tom Yokel , will specialize in steaks , chops , chicken and prime beef as well as Tom's favorite dish , stuffed shrimp .\\nBandstand features Hal DeCicco , pianist , for both dinner hour and the late trade .\\nThe Tic-Tac-Toe trio is the club's new show group which also plays for dancing .\\nHere and there\\nHerbert Heilman in town for a day .\\nHubie's restaurant activities up in Lorain , Ohio , may preclude his return here until after Oct. 20 , date set for reopening the Heilman Restaurant on Sunman Restaurant on Sunrise .\\nLouise Franklin cornering the gift shop market in Lauderdale .\\nVivacious redhead debuts another shop , her sixth , in the Governor's Club Hotel this week .\\nSunday New Orleans brunches continue at the Trade Winds but the daily French buffets have been called off .\\nMackey Airline's new Sunshine Inn at Bimini set to open some time this month , according to Hank Johnson .\\nStudent Prince Lounge on Atlantic Blvd. plotting a month-long `` festival '' throughout October , with special features .\\nDon Drinkhouse of Pal's Restaurant planning a reunion with the Miami Playboy Club's pianist , Julian Gould .\\nTwo were in the same band 18 years ago ; ;\\nDon , who played drums , hasn't seen his chum since .\\nSteak House has such a run on beer to wash down that Mexican food `` Tex '' Burgess had to call the draft man twice in one day .\\n( Which is understandable -- if you've ever sampled the exotic , peppery fare .\\n)\\nfaces in places\\nPualani and Randy Avon , Dave Searles , George ( Papa ) Gill , Al Bandish , Jim Morgart , Bob Neil at the Mouse Trap .\\nBilly and Jean Moffett at the Rickshaw .\\nBea Morley , Jimmy Fazio , Jim O'Hare , Ralph Michaels , Bill and Evelyn Perry at the Escape .\\nMurphy honors\\nhear that Patricia Murphy flies up to St. John's Newfoundland , next Sunday to attend the government's special ceremonies at Memorial University honoring distinguished sons and daughters of the island province .\\nMiss Murphy was born in Placentia , Newfoundland .\\nHer invitation from Premier Joseph Smallwood is reported to be the only one extended to a woman .\\nFort Lauderdale\\n-- The first in a series of five productions will be held in War Memorial Auditorium Thursday , Oct. 26 .\\n`` Le Theatre D'Art Du Ballet '' , of Monte Carlo , will present a program of four ballets including `` Francesca Da Rimini '' .\\nPerformers include a company of 46 dancers and a symphony orchestra .\\nThe series of ballets is sponsored by the Milenoff Ballet Foundation , Inc. , a non-profit foundation with headquarters in Coral Gables .\\nAlso set for appearances at the auditorium this season are : `` American Ballet Theatre '' on Jan. 27 , `` Ximenez-Vargas Ballet Espagnol '' on Feb. 2 ; ;\\nJorge Bolet , pianist , on Feb. 23 ; ;\\nand `` Dancers of Bali '' on March 8 .\\nHollywood\\n-- A Southeast Library Workshop will be held here Oct. 9 , conducted by Mrs. Gretchen Schenk of Summerdale , Ala. , author , lecturer and library leader .\\nThe workshop will begin at 10 a.m. and end at 3 p.m. in the auditorium of the Library and Fine Arts Building .\\nThere is no registration fee but there will be a charge of $2.50 for the luncheon to be held in the library and fine arts building .\\nAnyone interested in attending the meeting may have reservations with Mrs. John Whelan at the Hollywood Public Library .\\nAt the workshop , Mrs. Schenk will discuss `` the board and the staff , librarian-board relationships , personnel policies , how good is our librarian and staff , how good am I as a library board member and how good is our library '' .\\nOther workshops will be in Tallahassee Oct. 5 ; ;\\nJacksonville , Oct. 6 ; ;\\nOrlando , Oct. 10 ; ;\\nPlant City Oct. 11 .\\nFort Lauderdale\\n-- A series of high school assemblies to acquaint junior and senior students with the Junior Achievement program begins at St. Thomas Aquinas Monday .\\nSubsequent assemblies will be held at Stranahan High School Tuesday , at Pompano Beach High Wednesday , and at Fort Lauderdale high Thursday .\\nThe business education program operates with the cooperation of local high schools and business firms .\\nIs there anything a frustrated individual can do about Communism's growing threat on our doorstep and around the world ? ?\\nMore than 300 teenagers last Sunday proved there is and as many more are expected to prove it again for Jim Kern and his wife Lynn from 4 to 8 p.m. Sunday at First Presbyterian Church .\\nAt that time the second half of the Christian Youth Crusade against Communism will be staged .\\nA young real estate salesman , Kern first got seriously interested in the problems posed by Communism when in the Navy Air Force .\\nHe was particularly struck by a course on Communist brainwashing .\\nKern began reading a lot about the history and philosophy of Communism , but never felt there was anything he , as an individual , could do about it .\\nWhen he attended the Christian Anti-Communist Crusade school here about six months ago , Jim became convinced that an individual can do something constructive in the ideological battle and set out to do it .\\nThe best approach , he figured , was to try to influence young people like the high schoolers he and his wife serve as advisors at First Presbyterian Church .\\nAnd he wanted to be careful that the kids not only learn about Communist but also about what he feels is the only antidote -- a Biblically strong Christianity .\\nSo the Christian Youth Crusade against Communisn developed and more than 300 top teenagers and 65 adult advisers from Presbyterian churches of the area sat enthralled at the four-hour program .\\nThis Sunday those attending the second session will hear a lecture by Kern on the world situation ; ;\\na review of the philosophy of Communist leaders by Ted Slack , another real estate agent who became interested as a philosophy major at the University of Miami ; ;\\nand talks on how their Christian faith can guide them in learning about and fighting Communism during high school and college days , by Ted Place , director of Greater Miami Youth for Christ , and Jon Braun , director of Campus Crusade for Christ .\\nThe second half of the film `` Communism on the Map '' and the movie `` Operation Abolition '' also will be shown .\\nResponse to the program has been so encouraging , Kern said , that a city-wide youth school at Dade County Auditorium may be set up soon .\\nAnd to encourage other churches to try their own programs , Kern said this Sunday's sessions -- including the free dinner -- will be open to anyone who makes reservations .\\nThe need for and the way to achieve a Christian home will be stressed in special services marking National Christian Family Week in Miami area churches next week .\\nOf particular meaning to the Charles MacWhorter family , 3181 SW 24th Ter. , will be the Family Dedication Service planned for 10:50 a.m. Sunday at First Christian Church .\\nIt will be the second time the assistant manager of a Coral Gables restaurant and his wife have taken part in the twice-a-year ceremonies for families with new babies .\\nThe first one , two years ago , changed the routine of their home life .\\n`` When you stand up in public and take vows to strive to set an example before your children and to teach them the fundamentals of the Christian faith , you strive a little harder to uphold those vows '' , explains the slender vice president of the young couples Sunday school class .\\nUntil that first dedication service , he and Lois felt their children were too young to take part in any religious life at home .\\nThey have five daughters -- Coral Lee , 5 , Glenda Rae , 4 , Pamela , 3 , Karen , 2 , and Shari , five months .\\nBut after that service , they decided to try to let the girls say grace at the table , have bedtime prayers , and Bible stories .\\nTo their surprise , the children all were eager and quite able to take part .\\nEven the two-year-old feels miffed if the family has a prayer-time without her .\\nDade's chief probation officer , Jack Blanton , will lead a discussion on `` The Changes in the American Family '' at 7:30 p.m. Sunday at Christ Lutheran Church .\\nMr. and Mrs. George Treadwell will be honored at a Family Week supper and program at 6 p.m. Sunday at Trinity Methodist Church .\\nHe is the sexton of the church .\\nA family worship service will follow the program at 7:45 p.m. .\\nThe outstanding family of Central Nazarene Church will be picked by ballot from among eight families during the 10:45 a.m. Sunday service marking National Family Week .\\nEvery family of Riviera Presbyterian Church has been asked to read the Bible and pray together daily during National Christian Family Week and to undertake one project in which all members of the family participate .\\nTo start the week of special programs at the church , the Rev. John D. Henderson will preach on `` A Successful Marriage '' at 9:40 and 11 a.m. Sunday .\\nNew officers of the church will be ordained and installed at the 7:30 p.m. service .\\nA father and son dinner sponsored by the Men's Club will be held at 6:15 p.m. Monday and the annual church picnic at 4 p.m. next Saturday .\\nThe week will end with the Rev. Mr. Henderson preaching on `` The Marriage Altar '' at 7:30 p.m. Sunday , May 14 .\\nThe resignation of the Rev. Warren I. Densmore , headmaster of St. Stephen's Episcopal Day School in Coconut Grove , becomes effective July 15 .\\nEnrique Jorda , conductor and musical director of the San Francisco Symphony , will fulfill two more guest conducting engagements in Europe before returning home to open the symphony's Golden Anniversary season , it was announced .\\nThe guest assignments are scheduled for November 14 and 18 , with the Orchestra Sinfonica Siciliana in Palermo and the Orchestra of Radio Cologne .\\nThe season in San Francisco will open with a special Gala Concert on November 22 .\\nDuring his five-month visit abroad , Jorda recently conducted the Orchestre Philharmonique De Bordeau in France , and the Santa Cecilia Orchestra in Rome .\\nIn announcing Jorda's return , the orchestra also announced that the sale of single tickets for the 50th anniversary season will start at the Sherman Clay box office on Wednesday .\\nGuest performers and conductors during the coming season will include many renowned artists who began their careers playing with the orchestra , including violinists Yehudi Menuhin , Isaac Stern , Ruggiero Ricci and David Abel ; ;\\npianists Leon Fleisher , Ruth Slenczynka and Stephen Bishop and conductor Earl Bernard Murray .\\nThe Leningrad Kirov Ballet , which opened a series of performances Friday night at the Opera House , is , I think , the finest `` classical '' ballet company I have ever seen , and the production of the Petipa-Tschaikowsky `` Sleeping Beauty '' with which it began the series is incomparably the finest I have ever had the pleasure of witnessing .\\nThis work is no favorite of mine .\\nI am prepared to demonstrate at anytime that it represents the spirit of Imperial Russia in its most vulgar , infantile , and reactionary aspect ; ;\\nthat its persistent use by ballet companies of the Soviet regime indicates that that old spirit is just as stultifying alive today as it ever was ; ;\\nthat its presentation in this country is part of a capitalist plot to boobify the American people ; ;\\nthat its choreography is undistinguished and its score a shapeless assemblage of self-plagiarisms .\\nAll of this is true and all of it is totally meaningless in the face of the Kirov's utterly captivating presentation .\\nPrecise\\nThe reasons for this enchantment are numerous , but most of them end in `` ova '' , `` eva '' , or `` aya '' .\\nIn other words , no merely male creature can resist that corps de ballet .\\nIt seems to have been chosen exclusively from the winners of beauty contests -- Miss Omsk , Miss Pinsk , Miss Stalingr oops , skip it .\\nThese qualities alone , however , would not account for their success , and it took me a while to discover the crowning virtue that completes this company's collective personality .\\nIt is a kind of friendliness and frankness of address toward the audience which we have been led to believe was peculiar to the American ballet .\\nOh-the-pain-of-it , that convention of Russian ballet whereby the girls convey the idea that they are all the daughters of impoverished Grand Dukes driven to the stage out of filial piety , is totally absent from the Kirov .\\nThis is all the more remarkable because the Kirov is to ballet what Senator Goldwater is to American politics .\\nBut , obviously , at least some things have changed for the better in Russia so far as the ballet is concerned .\\nIrina Kolpakova , the Princess Aurora of Friday's performance , would be a change for the better anywhere , at any time , no matter who had had the role before .\\nShe is the most beautiful thing you ever laid eyes on , and her dancing has a feminine suavity , lightness , sparkle , and refinement which are simply incomparable .\\nHit\\nAlla Sizova , who seems to have made a special hit in the East , was delightful as the lady Bluebird and her partner , Yuri Soloviev , was wonderfully virile , acrobatic , and poetic all at the same time , in a tradition not unlike that of Nijinsky .\\nVladilen Semenov , a fine `` danseur noble '' ; ;\\nKonstantin Shatilov , a great character dancer ; ;\\nand Inna Zubkovskaya , an excellent Lilac Fairy , were other outstanding members of the cast , but every member of the cast was magnificent .\\nThe production , designed by Simon Virsaladze , was completely traditional but traditional in the right way .\\nIt was done with great taste , was big and spacious , sumptuous as the dreams of any peasant in its courtly costumes , but sumptuous in a muted , pastel-like style , with rich , quiet harmonies of color between the costumes themselves and between the costumes and the scenery .\\nEvegeni Dubovskoi conducted an exceptionally large orchestra , one containing excellent soloists -- the violin solos by the concertmaster , Guy Lumia , were especially fine -- but one in which the core of traveling players and the body of men added locally had not had time to achieve much unity .\\nMail orders are now being received for the series of concerts to be given this season under the auspices of the San Francisco Chamber Music Society .\\nThe season will open at the new Hall of Flowers in Golden Gate Park on November 20 at 8:30 p.m. with a concert by the Mills Chamber Players .\\nSustaining members may sign up at $25 for the ten-concert season ; ;\\nannual members may attend for $16 .\\nParticipating members may attend five of the concerts for $9 ( not all ten concerts as was erroneously announced earlier in The Chronicle ) .\\nMail orders for the season and orders for single tickets at $2 , may be addressed to the society , 1044 Chestnut Street , San Francisco 9 .\\nSan Francisco firemen busied themselves last week with their annual voluntary task of fixing up toys for distribution to needy children .\\nFire Fighters Local 798 , which is sponsoring the toy program for the 12th straight year , issued a call for San Franciscans to turn in discarded toys , which will be repaired by off-duty firemen .\\nToys will not be collected at firehouses this year .\\nThey will be accepted at all branches of the Bay View Federal Savings and Loan Association , at a collection center in the center of the Stonestown mall , and at the Junior Museum , 16th Street and Roosevelt Way .\\nFrom the collection centers , toys will be taken to a warehouse at 198 Second street , where they will be repaired and made ready for distribution .\\nAny needy family living in San Francisco can obtain toys by writing to Christmas Toys , 676 Howard street , San Francisco 5 , and listing the parent's name and address and the age and sex of each child in the family between the ages of 1 and 12 .\\nRequests must be mailed in by December 5 .\\nFamed cellist Pablo Casals took his instrument to the East Room of the White House yesterday and charmed the staff with a two-hour rehearsal .\\nHe was getting the feel of the room for a concert tomorrow night for Puerto Rico Governor Luis Munoz Marin .\\nPresident Kennedy's invitation to the Spanish-born master said , `` We feel your performance as one of the world's greatest artists would lend distinction to the entertainment of our guests '' .\\nFor A good many seasons I've been looking at the naughty stuff on television , so the other night I thought I ought to see how immorality is doing on the other side of the fence in movies .\\nAfter all , this year's movies are next year's television shows .\\nSo I went to see `` La Dolce Vita '' .\\nIt has been billed as a towering monument to immorality .\\nAll the sins of ancient Rome are said to be collected into this three-hour film .\\nIf that's all the Romans did , it's a surprise to me that Rome fell .\\nAfter television , `` La Dolce Vita '' seems as harmless as a Gray Line tour of North Beach at night .\\nI cannot imagine a single scene that isn't done in a far naughtier manner on TV every week .\\nI believe TV watchers will be bored .\\n`` La Dolce Vita '' has none of the senseless brutality or sadism of the average TV Western .\\nWeek in , week out , there is more sex to be seen in `` The Adventures Of Ozzie And Harriet '' .\\nThere is more decadence on `` 77 Sunset Strip '' .\\nThere are more obvious nymphomaniacs on any private-eye series .\\nIn another respect , television viewers will feel right at home because most of the actors are unknowns .\\nWith the exception of Lex Barker and Anita Ekberg , the credits are as unfamiliar as you'll find on the Robert Herridge Theater .\\nMost of the emphasis has been placed on a `` wild party '' at a seaside villa .\\nProducer Fellini should have looked at some of the old silent films where they really had parties ! !\\nThe Dolce Vita get-together boasted a strip tease ( carried as far as a black slip ) ; ;\\na lady drunk on her hands and knees who carries the hero around on her back while he throws pillow feathers in her face ; ;\\na frigid beauty , and three silly fairies .\\nPut them all together and they spell out the only four-letter word I can think of : dull .\\nApparently Fellini caught the crowd when its parties had begun to pall .\\nWhat a swinging group they must have been when they first started entertaining ! !\\nAs A moral shocker it is a dud .\\nBut this doesn't detract from its merit as an interesting , if not great , film .\\nThe Chronicle's Paine Knickerbocker summed it up neatly :\\n`` This is a long picture and a controversial one , but basically it is a moral , enthralling and heartbreaking description of humans who have become unlinked from life as perhaps Rome has from her traditional political , cultural and religious glories '' .\\nAnd when they sell it to television in a couple of years , it can be shown without editing .\\nTonight Atlantic Monthly editor Edward Weeks moderates a round table of four Russian writers in a discussion of Soviet literature .\\nAmong the subjects discussed will be Russian restrictions on poets and writers in the USSR ( Channel 9 at 9:30 ) .\\nPerson To Person ventilates the home lives of Johnny Mercer and Joan Collins -- both in Southern California ( Channel 5 at 10:30 ) KQED Summer Music Festival features a live concert by the Capello De Musica ( Channel 9 at 8:30 ) .\\nNBC plans a new series of three long programs exploring America's scientific plans titled `` Threshold '' , to start in the fall .\\n`` Science In Action '' , San Francisco's venerable television program , will be seen in Hong Kong this fall in four languages : Mandarin , Cantonese , Chiuchow and English , according to a tip from Dr. Robert C. Miller .\\nAnd you think you have language problems .\\nThe week went along briskly enough .\\nI bought a new little foreign bomb .\\nIt is a British bomb .\\nVery austere yet racy .\\nIt is very chic to drive foreign cars .\\nWith a foreign car you must wear a cap -- it has a leather band in the back .\\nYou must also wear a car coat .\\nThe wardrobe for a foreign bomb is a little expensive .\\nBut we couldn't really get along without it .\\n`` Where do you put the lighter fluid , ha , ha '' ? ?\\nAsked the gas station man .\\nThe present crop of small cars is enriching American humor .\\nGas station people are very debonair about small cars .\\nWhen I drove a car with tail fins , I had plenty status at the wind-and-water oases .\\nMy car gulped 20 gallons without even wiping its mouth .\\nThis excellent foreign bomb takes only six .\\nWhen I had my big job with the double headlights and yards of chrome , the gas people were happy to see me .\\n`` Tires OK ? ?\\nCheck the oil and water , sir ? ?\\n''\\nThey polished the windshield .\\nThey had a loving touch .\\nThe man stuck the nozzle in the gas tank .\\n`` What kind of car is it '' ? ?\\nHe asked gloomily .\\n`` It is a British Austin , the smallest they make '' .\\n`` Get much mileage '' ? ?\\n`` About 35 '' .\\nThe gas station man sighed unhappily .\\n`` What I always say is what if somebody clobbers you in a little car like that ? ?\\nCrunch , that's all she wrote '' .\\n`` I will die rich '' .\\n`` That will be $1.80 '' , said the gas station man .\\n`` The windshield looks pretty clean '' .\\nAh , the fair-weather friends of yesteryear ! !\\nWhen I wheeled about , finned fore and aft , I was the darling of the doormen .\\nDollar bills skidded off my hands and they tipped their caps politely .\\nWith a small bomb , I tuck it between Cadillacs .\\n( The last doorman that saw me do that should calm himself .\\nHigh blood pressure can get the best of any of us .\\n)\\nAt last the White House is going to get some much-copied furniture by that master American craftsman , Duncan Phyfe , whose designs were snubbed in his lifetime when the U. S. Presidents of the 19th Century sent abroad for their furnishings .\\nThe American Institute of Decorators has acquired a rare complete set of sofas and chairs which are to be placed in the Executive Mansion's library .\\nThe suite has been in the same family since the early 1800's .\\nThe gift is being presented by `` heirs and descendants of the Rutherford family of New Jersey , whose famous estate , `` Tranquility '' , was located near the Duncan Phyfe workshop at Andover , N. J. .\\nAuthenticated pieces of Duncan Phyfe furniture are uncommon , although millions of American homes today display pieces patterned after the style trends he set 150 years ago .\\nThis acquisition is a matched , perfect set -- consisting of two sofas six feet long , plus six sidechairs and two armchairs .\\nThe AID has undertaken the redecoration of the White House library as a project in connection with the work being done by First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy's Fine Arts Advisory Committee to secure antiques for the presidential home .\\nIt is the AID's intention to create in the library `` a miniature museum of Americana '' before completed refurbishing is unveiled early this fall .\\nThe room will also feature another rarity many antiquarians would consider more important than the Duncan Phyfe furniture .\\nThe AID has found a mantlepiece attributed to Samuel McIntyre of Salem , Mass. , an architect and woodcarver who competed for the designing of the Capitol here in 1792 .\\nThe mantel was found in a recently demolished Salem house and is being fitted over the White House library fireplace .\\nIt will be painted to match the paneling in the room .\\nThe AID committee's chairman in charge of the redecoration , Mrs. Henry Francis Lenygon , was in town yesterday to consult with White House staff members on the project .\\nMrs. Lenygon's committee associates , announced formally yesterday by the AID in New York , include Mrs. Allen Lehman McCluskey and Stephen J. Jussel , both wellknown Manhattan decorators .\\nRegional representatives appointed to serve from each section of the country include Frank E. Barnes of Boston .\\nPresident Kennedy couldn't stay away from his desk for the 75-minute young people's concert played on the White House lawn yesterday by the 85-piece Transylvania Symphony Orchestra from Brevard , N. C. .\\nBut he left the doors to his office open so he could hear the music .\\nAt 4 p.m. the President left the White House to welcome the young musicians , students from the ages of 12 to 18 who spend six weeks at the Brevard Music Center summer camp , and to greet the 325 crippled , cardiac and blind children from the District area who were special guests at the concert .\\nIt was the first in the series of `` Concerts for Young People by Young People '' to be sponsored by First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy at the White House .\\nShe was not present yesterday , however , to enjoy the music or watch the faces of the delighted audience .\\nShe is vacationing at the Kennedy summer home in Hyannis Port , Mass. , and in his welcoming remarks , the President said he was representing her .\\nAs he approached the open bandstand , erected facing the South entrance to the Executive Mansion , the band struck up the `` Star Spangled Banner '' and followed it with `` Hail To The Chief '' .\\n`` I think they played Hail To The Chief better than the Marine Corps Band , and we are grateful to them '' , President Kennedy remarked after mounting the bandstand and shaking hands with conductor James Christian Pfohl .\\nAfter paying tribute to the conductor and his white-clad youthful students , President Kennedy said , `` As an American I have the greatest possible pride in the work that is being done in dozens of schools stretching across the United States -- schools where devoted teachers are studying with interested young men and women and opening up the whole wide horizon of serious music '' .\\nHe added `` I think that sometimes in this country we are not aware as we should be of the extraordinary work that is being done in this field '' .\\nDisplaying his knowledge of music , the New England-born President remarked that `` probably the best chamber music in the world is played in Vermont , by young Americans -- and here in this school where they have produced extraordinary musicians and teachers , and their work is being duplicated all across the United States .\\n`` This is a great national cultural asset , and therefore it is a great source of satisfaction to me , representing as I do today my wife , to welcome all of you here today at the White House '' .\\nAs he left the bandstand to return to his office , the slender , sun-tanned Chief Executive paused along the way to shake hands with the members of the audience in wheel chairs forming the first row under the field tent set up for the guests .\\nHe expressed surprise to learn that pretty , blonde Patricia Holbrook , 16 , of Mount Rainier , had attended the Joseph P. Kennedy School for the Handicapped in Boston .\\n`` The nuns there do a wonderful work '' , the President commented .\\nPatricia now attends the C. Melvin Sharpe Health School in the District .\\nEach of the children invited to the concert wore a name tag marked with a red , white and blue ribbon .\\nThey enjoyed lemonade and cookies served before and during the concert by teenage sons and daughters of members of the White House staff .\\nMany of the music-loving members of the President's staff gathered around the tent listening and watching the rapt attention given by the young seated audience .\\nAnd it turned out to be more of a family affair than expected .\\nHenry Hall Wilson , a student at the music camp 25 years ago and now on the President's staff as liaison representative with the House of Representatives , turned guest conductor for a Sousa march , the `` Stars and Stripes Forever '' .\\nTransylvania Symphony Conductor Pfohl said yesterday that Mrs. Kennedy's Social Secretary , Letitia Baldrige , told about plans for White House youth concerts before the National Symphony Orchestra League in Philadelphia last spring .\\nHe said he contacted a friend , Henry Hall Wilson , on the President's staff and asked whether his orchestra could play , in the series .\\nA flow of correspondence between Pfohl and Miss Baldrige resulted in an invitation to the 85-student North Carolina group to play the first concert .\\nOne of the most interested `` students '' on the tour which the Brevard group took at the National Gallery yesterday following their concert at the White House , was Letitia Baldrige , social secretary to First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy .\\n`` I was an art major in college '' , Miss Baldrige explained .\\n`` I've been here so many times I couldn't count them '' .\\nShe turned out to be a fan , too , of Margaret Bouton , the Gallery's associate curator of education .\\nMiss Bouton headed up one of the four groups that went on simultaneous tours after the Gallery had closed at 5 p.m. .\\nThe Brevard group of 85 arrived at the Gallery at 6 p.m. , remaining for about 45 minutes .\\nThe Brevard visitors had very little to say at the beginning of the tour but warmed up later .\\nThey decided that they thought Rembrandt's self-portrait made him look `` sad '' ; ;\\nthey noticed Roman buildings in the background of Raphael's `` Alba Madonna '' and `` texture '' in a Monet painting of Rheims Cathedral .\\nEverybody had heard of Van Gogh , the French impressionist .\\nGallery Director John Walker greeted the group , standing on one of the benches in the downstairs lobby to speak to them .\\nHe pointed out to the young musicians that the National Gallery `` is the only museum in the country to have a full-time music director , Richard Bales .\\nI'm sure you've heard of him and his record , ' The Confederacy ' '' .\\nAlong with the gallery aide who explained the various paintings and sculptures to each group , went one of the Gallery's blue-uniformed guards .\\nIn 45 minutes , the Gallery leaders had given the students a quick rundown on art from the Renaissance to the late 19th Century .\\nA few of them said they `` preferred contemporary art '' .\\nAmong the other artists , whose paintings were discussed were Boucher , Courbet , Fra Angelico .\\nThe thing that impressed one of the visitors the most was the Gallery's rotunda fountain `` because it's on the second floor '' .\\nThat imposing , somewhat austere , and seemingly remote collonaded building with the sphynxes perched on its threshold at 1733 16th St. nw. took on bustling life yesterday .\\nMore than 250 Scottish Rite Masons and guests gathered in their House of the Temple to pay tribute to their most prominent leader , Albert Pike , who headed the Scottish Rite from 1859 to 1891 .\\nThey came together in the huge , high-ceilinged Council Chamber to hear the late leader eulogized .\\nC. Wheeler Barnes of Denver , head of the Scottish Rite in Colorado , praised Pike as a historian , author , poet , journalist , lawyer , jurist , soldier and musician , who devoted most of his mature years to the strengthening of the Masonic Order .\\nThe ceremony ended with the laying of a wreath at the crypt of Pike in the House of the Temple .\\nA reception and tea followed .\\nAbout 1500 delegates are expected to register today for the biennial session of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States .\\nThe opening session of the 5-day session will begin at 10 a.m. today .\\nThere will be a pilgrimage to Mount Vernon at 2:30 p.m. .\\nA wreath will be placed at the tomb of George Washington , one of this Nation's first Masons -- a past master of Washington-Alexandria Lodge 22 in Alexandria .\\nThe marriage of John and Mary Black had clearly reached the breaking point after eight years .\\nJohn had a job in a small firm where the work was dull and monotonous .\\nHe would come home in the evening tired and discouraged -- in no frame of mind to play with their three children , or spend much time chatting with his wife .\\nHurt by his lack of interest and attention , Mary complained often that he didn't help around the house , and that he didn't really care about the family .\\nShe accused him of ignoring her .\\nHe in turn told her she demanded too much .\\nThey were both discouraged , disgusted and miserable .\\nMary decided she had had enough .\\nWithout any definite plan in mind , she went to a judge to see what could be done .\\nThe judge listened quietly as the young woman poured out her frustrations -- then discussing with her the possibility of seeking aid from Family Service before going to a lawyer .\\nFamily Service , sharing in UGF , has five agencies in the Washington area .\\nThey offer to the people of this community case work service and counseling on a wide variety of family problems .\\nBecause neither of them really wanted their marriage to break up , Mr. and Mrs. Black agreed to a series of interviews at Family Service of Northern Virginia , the agency nearest them .\\nFor nearly a year , they have been receiving counseling , separately and together , in an effort to understand and overcome the antagonisms which had given rise to the possibility of divorce .\\nThe interviews have led each of them to a new appreciation of the problems confronting the other .\\nThey are now working together toward solving their difficulties .\\nJohn received a promotion in his firm .\\nHe gives credit for the promotion to his new outlook on life .\\nMary is cheery and gay when her husband comes home in the evenings , and the children's bed-time is frequently preceeded by a session of happy , family rough-housing .\\nTo outsiders , the Blacks seem to be an ordinary , happy family , and they are -- but with a difference .\\nThey know the value of being just that -- an ordinary , happy family .\\nFamily Service has helped hundreds of families in this area .\\nPerhaps to some their work does not seem particularly vital .\\nBut to the families it serves , their help cannot be measured .\\nFamily Service could not open its doors to a single family without the financial support of the United Givers Fund .\\nAnticipated heavy traffic along the Skyline Drive failed to materialize yesterday , park rangers said , and those who made the trip got a leisurely view of the fall colors through skies swept clear of haze .\\nFor crucial encounter\\nOne of the initial questions put to President Kennedy at his first news conference last January was about his attitude toward a meeting with Premier Khrushchev .\\nMr. Kennedy replied :\\n`` I'm hopeful that from more traditional exchanges we can perhaps find greater common ground '' .\\nThe President knew that a confrontation with Mr. Khrushchev sooner or later probably was inevitable and even desirable .\\nBut he was convinced that the realities of power -- military , economic and ideological -- were the decisive factors in the struggle with the Communists and that these could not be talked away at a heads of government meeting .\\nHe wanted to buy time to strengthen the U. S. and its allies and to define and begin to implement his foreign policy .\\nLast Friday the White House announced :\\nPresident Kennedy will meet with Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev in Vienna June 3 and 4 .\\nThe announcement came after a period of sharp deterioration in East-West relations .\\nThe heightened tension , in fact , had been a major factor in the President's change of view about the urgency of a meeting with the Soviet leader .\\nHe was not going to Vienna to negotiate -- the simultaneous announcements in Washington and Moscow last week stressed that no formal negotiations were planned .\\nBut Mr. Kennedy had become convinced that a personal confrontation with Mr. Khrushchev might be the only way to prevent catastrophe .\\nThat objective set the high stakes and drama of the Vienna meeting .\\nDespite efforts by Washington last week to play down the significance of the meeting , it clearly was going to be one of the crucial encounters of the cold war .\\nRoad to Vienna\\nThe U. S. and Soviet heads of Government have met three times since Sir Winston Churchill in 1953 introduced a new word into international diplomacy with his call for a fresh approach to the problem of peace `` at the summit of the nations '' .\\nThe first time was in 1955 when a full-dress Big Four summit meeting produced the `` spirit of Geneva '' .\\nThe spirit served chiefly to lull the West while Moscow made inroads into the Middle East .\\nIn 1959 President Eisenhower and Premier Khrushchev held an informal session in the U. S. .\\nThat meeting produced the `` spirit of Camp David '' -- a spirit , it later turned out , that masked a basic misunderstanding about progress toward a Berlin settlement .\\nOn the third occasion -- another Big Four summit session at Paris a year ago -- there was no problem of an illusory `` spirit '' .\\nPremier Khrushchev wrecked the conference at its initial session with a bitter denunciation of the U. S. for the U-2 incident .\\nThe episode tended to confirm the U. S. belief that propaganda , the hope of one-sided concessions , and the chance to split the Allies , rather than genuine negotiation , were the Soviet leader's real aims in summitry .\\nPre-inaugural position\\nThus when Premier Khrushchev intimated even before inauguration that he hoped for an early meeting with the new President , Mr. Kennedy was confronted with a delicate problem .\\nShortly before his nomination he had set forth his basic view about the problem of negotiations with the Soviet leader in these words :\\n`` As long as Mr. Khrushchev is convinced that the balance of world power is shifting his way , no amount of either smiles or toughness , neither Camp David talks nor kitchen debates , can compel him to enter fruitful negotiations '' .\\nThe President had set for himself the task , which he believed vital , of awakening the U. S. and its allies to the hard and complex effort necessary to shift that balance .\\nHe did not want the effort weakened by any illusion that summit magic might make it unnecessary .\\nHe wanted time , too , to review the United States' global commitments and to test both the policies he had inherited and new ones he was formulating .\\nAbove all , he did not want to appear to be running hat in hand to Premier Khrushchev's doorstep .\\nAttitude flexible\\nAt the same time the President took pains not to rule out an eventual meeting with the Soviet leader .\\nIdeally , he knew , it should be preceded by concrete progress at lower levels .\\nBut Mr. Kennedy saw value even in an informal meeting , provided that undue hopes were not raised in connection with it .\\nIt would give him an opportunity to take the measure of his chief adversary in the cold war , to try to probe Mr. Khrushchev's intentions and to make clear his own views .\\nMoreover , an eventual meeting was desirable if for no other reason than to satisfy world opinion that the U. S. was not inflexible and was sparing no effort to ease international tensions .\\nBoth elements -- the caution about a meeting , the willingness eventually to hold one -- were reflected in a letter from the President which Ambassador Llewellyn E. Thompson brought back to Russia late in February .\\nThe letter , dated Feb. 22 , was delivered to Premier Khrushchev in Novosibirsk , Siberia , on March 9 .\\nIt dealt mainly with a broad range of East-West issues .\\nBut it also briefly suggested the possibility of a meeting with Mr. Khrushchev before the end of the year if the international climate were favorable and schedules permitted .\\nDevelopments over the next two months , however , caused the President to reconsider the question of the timing .\\nThere were intense discussions in the inner councils of the White House about the advisability of an early meeting , not because the international climate was improving , but precisely because it was deteriorating alarmingly .\\nDeadlock on tests\\nThe President was especially concerned about the deadlock in the nuclear test ban negotiations at Geneva .\\nThe deadlock has been caused by the Russians' new demand for a three-man ( East , West and neutral ) directorate , and thus a veto , over the control machinery .\\nIn the U. S. , strong pressures have been building up for a resumption of tests on grounds that the Russians may be secretly testing .\\nMr. Kennedy was less troubled by that possibility than by the belief that a Geneva breakdown , or even continued stalemate , would mean an unchecked spread of nuclear weapons to other countries as well as a fatal blow to any hope for disarmament .\\nThere was reason to believe that Premier Khrushchev was also concerned about a possible spread of nuclear weapons , particularly to Communist China .\\nThe question arose as to whether a frank discussion of that danger with the Soviet leader had not become urgent .\\nMoreover , Moscow appeared determined to apply the tripartite veto principle to the executive organs of all international bodies , including the U. N. Secretariat and the International Control Commission for Laos .\\nMr. Kennedy was convinced that insistence on the demand would make international agreements , or even negotiations , impossible .\\nDevelopments in Cuba and Laos also suggested the advisability of an early summit meeting .\\nInitially the White House reaction was that the bitter exchanges with Moscow over Cuba and the conflict in Laos had dampened prospects for a meeting .\\nAt the same time , there was increased reason for a quick meeting lest the Soviet leader , as a result of those episodes , come to a dangerously erroneous conclusion about the West's ability and determination to resist Communist pressure .\\nIn Cuba , the U. S. had blundered badly and created the impression of impotency against Communist penetration even on its own doorstep .\\nIn Laos , the picture was almost equally bad .\\nU. S. willingness to accept a neutral Laos may have led Premier Khrushchev to believe that other areas could be `` neutralized '' on Soviet terms .\\nBeyond that , Allied disagreement about military intervention in Laos -- despite warnings that they might do so -- allowed Moscow to carry out with impunity a series of military and diplomatic moves that greatly strengthened the pro-Communist forces .\\nAs a result , the West is in a poor bargaining position at the current Geneva negotiations on Laos , and South Vietnam and other nations in Southeast Asia are under increased pressure .\\nIn the light of those events , there appeared to be a real danger that Premier Khrushchev might overreach himself .\\nAmbassador Thompson reported from Moscow that the Soviet leader's mood was cocky and aggressive .\\nHe has indicated that he plans new moves on Berlin before the year is out .\\nThe President and his advisers felt that the time might have come to warn Premier Khrushchev against a grave miscalculation in areas such as Berlin , Iran or Latin America from which there would be no turning back .\\nIt was in the midst of such White House deliberations that Premier Khrushchev on May 4 made new inquiries through the U. S. Embassy in Moscow about a meeting with the President in the near future .\\nMr. Kennedy told Moscow he would give his answer by May 20 after consultation with the Allies .\\nThe response from London , Paris and Bonn was favorable .\\nFirm arrangements for the meeting in Vienna were worked out in a final exchange between Moscow and Washington last week .\\nApparently at the insistence of the U. S. , the simultaneous announcements issued in Washington and Moscow last Friday emphasized the `` informal '' nature of the meeting .\\nThe Washington announcement said :\\n`` The President and Chairman Khrushchev understand that this meeting is not for the purpose of negotiating or reaching agreement on the major international problems that involve the interest of many other countries .\\nThe meeting will , however , afford a timely and convenient opportunity for the first personal contact between them and a general exchange of views on the major issues which affect the relationships between the two countries '' .\\nThe outlook\\nThe Vienna meeting will bring together a seasoned , 67-year-old veteran of the cold war who , in Mr. Kennedy's own words , is `` shrewd , tough , vigorous , well-informed and confident '' , and a 44-year-old President ( his birthday is May 29 ) with a demonstrated capacity for political battle but little experience in international diplomacy .\\nThe announcement last week of the forthcoming encounter produced strong reactions in the U. S. of both approval and disapproval .\\nThe approval did not arise from an expectation of far-reaching agreements at Vienna .\\nThe inclination was to accept the statement that there would be no formal negotiations .\\nBut those who were in favor of the meeting felt that a frank exchange between the two men and an opportunity to size one another up would prove salutary .\\nMr. Khrushchev is known to rely heavily on his instincts about his adversaries and to be a shrewd judge of men .\\nThe feeling was that he would sense an inner core of toughness and determination in the President and that plain talk by Mr. Kennedy would give him pause .\\nApart from the personal equation , another reason advanced in favor of the meeting was that too often in the past the U.S. appeared to have been dragged reluctantly to the summit .\\nPremier Khrushchev has made propaganda capital out of that fact and in the end got his summit meeting anyway .\\nThis time the initiative came , in part at least , from Washington .\\nOther allies consulted\\nThere was also the fact that by the time he meets Mr. Khrushchev , the President will have completed conversations with all the other principal Allied leaders .\\nThus he will be in a position to disabuse the Soviet leader of any notions he may have about grave Allied disunity .\\nFinally , there was a wide area of agreement on the value of the President's making a final effort in the summit spotlight for a nuclear test accord .\\nThere is no single issue that has aroused stronger feelings throughout the world .\\nIf tests are to be resumed , the argument went , it is vital that the U. S. make plain that the onus belongs to the Soviet Union .\\nDisapproval of the meeting was based largely on the belief that the timing could hardly be worse .\\nAfter Cuba and Laos , it was argued , Mr. Khrushchev will interpret the President's consent to the meeting as further evidence of Western weakness -- perhaps even panic -- and is certain to try to exploit the advantage he now believes he holds .\\nMoreover , the President is meeting the Soviet leader at a time when the Administration has still not decided on the scope of America's firm foreign policy commitments .\\nThe question was raised , for example , as to what attitude the President would take if Mr. Khrushchev proposes a broad neutral belt extending from Southeast Asia to the Middle East .\\nThere are , so my biologist friends tell me , mechanisms of adaptation and defense that are just too complete and too satisfactory .\\nMollusks are a case in point .\\nThe shell , which served the strain so well at a relatively early stage in the evolutionary scheme , tended to cancel out the possibility of future development .\\nThough this may or may not be good biology , it does aptly illustrate the strength and the weakness of American Catholic higher education .\\nThere can be no doubt that the American Catholic accomplishment in the field of higher education is most impressive : our European brethren never cease to marvel at the number and the size of our colleges and universities .\\nThe deeper wonder is how this miracle was accomplished in decades , rather than in centuries and by immigrant minorities at that .\\nBy way of explanation we ourselves are prone to imagine that this achievement stems from the same American Catholic zeal and generosity which brought the parochial school system into existence .\\nThere is , however , one curious discrepancy in this broad and flattering picture .\\nViewing the American Catholic educational achievement in retrospect , we may indeed see it as a unified whole extending from grade school to university .\\nBut the simple truth is that higher education has never really been an official American Catholic project ; ;\\ncertainly not in the same sense that the establishment of a parochial school system has been a matter of official policy .\\nOfficial encouragement is one thing , but the down-to-earth test is the allocation of diocesan and parochial funds .\\nAmerican Catholics have responded generously to bishops' and pastors' appeals for the support necessary to create parochial schools but they have not contributed in a similar fashion to the establishment of institutions of higher learning .\\nThey have not done so for the simple reason that such appeals have hardly ever been made .\\nDiocesan authorities generally have not regarded this as their direct responsibility .\\nAll of this may be understandable enough : it is , however , in fact difficult to see how diocesan authorities could have acted otherwise .\\nYet for better or for worse , the truth of the matter is that most American Catholic colleges do not owe their existence to general Catholic support but rather to the initiative , resourcefulness and sacrifices of individual religious communities .\\nCommunity esprit de corps has been the protective shell which has made the achievement possible .\\nTo understand the past history -- and the future potential -- of American Catholic higher education , it is necessary to appreciate the special character of the esprit de corps of the religious community .\\nIt is something more than the arithmetical sum of individual totals of piety and detachment .\\nA religious community with a vital sense of mission achieves a degree of group orientation and group identification seldom found elsewhere .\\nThe fact that the group orientation and group identification are founded on supernatural principles and nourished by the well-springs of devotion simply give them a deeper and more satisfying dimension .\\nThe net result is a uniquely satisfying sense of comradeship , the kind of comradeship which sparks enthusiasm and blunts the cutting edge of sacrifice and hardship .\\nAmerican Catholic colleges and universities are , in a very real sense , the product of `` private enterprise '' -- the `` private enterprise '' of religious communities .\\nHad it not been for such private enterprise , diocesan authorities might of course have been goaded into establishing institutions subsidized by diocesan funds and parish collections and staffed by religious as paid employees .\\nThere is however no point in speculating about such a possibility : the fact of the matter is that our institutions of higher learning owe their existence to a spirit not unlike that which produces the `` family business '' .\\nThis `` family-community '' spirit is the real explanation of the marvel of our achievement .\\nIt is this spirit which explains some of the anomalies of American Catholic higher education , in particular the wasteful duplication apparent in some areas .\\nI think for example of three women's colleges with pitifully small enrollments , clustered within a few miles of a major Catholic university , which is also co-educational .\\nThis is not an isolated example ; ;\\nthis aspect of the total picture has been commented upon often enough .\\nIt would seem to represent esprit de corps run riot .\\nApart , however , from the question of wasteful duplication , there is another aspect of the `` family business '' spirit in American Catholic higher education which deserves closer scrutiny .\\nFor while the past needs of the Church in this country may have been adequately met by collegiate institutions , which in temper and tone closely resembled junior colleges and finishing schools , it would seem that today's need is for the college which more closely resembles the university in its `` pursuit of excellence '' .\\nAt the earlier `` pre-academic excellence '' stage of Catholic education , the operation could be conducted on an intra-mural community basis .\\nBut with today's demand for professional qualifications and specialized training , the need for `` outsiders '' becomes more pressing .\\nThe problem is not merely that more `` outside teachers '' are needed but that a different brand is called for .\\nCommenting on the earlier stage , the Notre Dame Chapter of the American Association of University Professors ( in a recent report on the question of faculty participation in administrative decision-making ) noted that the term `` teacher-employee '' ( as opposed to , e.g. , `` maintenance employee '' ) was a not inapt description .\\nToday however , the `` outsider '' is likely to have professional qualifications of the highest order ( otherwise the college would not be interested in hiring him ) and to be acclimatized to the democratic processes of the secular or state university .\\nAnd while no one expects total democracy on the academic scene , the scholar will be particularly sensitive to a line between first and second class citizenship drawn on any basis other than that of academic rank or professional achievement .\\nIn the above mentioned report of the Notre Dame Chapter of the American Association of University Professors , the basic outlook of the new breed of lay faculty emerges very clearly in the very statement of the problem as the members see it : `` Even with the best of intentions he ( the President of the university ) is loath to delegate such authority and responsibility to a group the membership of which , considered ( as it must be by him ) in individual terms , is inhomogeneous , mortal and of extremely varying temperament , interests and capabilities .\\nIt is natural that he should turn for his major support to a select and dedicated few from the organization which actually owns the university and whose goals are , in their opinion , identified with its highest good and ( to use that oft-repeated phrase ) ' the attainment of excellence ' '' .\\nThe pattern here pictured is clearly not peculiar to Notre Dame : it is simply that the paradox involved in this kind of control of the institution by `` the organization which actually owns '' it , becomes more obvious where there is a larger and more distinguished `` outside '' faculty .\\nIt is particularly interesting that those who framed the report should refer to `` the organization which actually owns the university '' : this seems to show an awareness of the fact that there is more to the problem than the ordinary issue of clerical-lay tension .\\nBut in any case , one does not have to read very closely between the lines to realize that the situation is not regarded as a particularly happy one .\\n`` Outside '' faculty members want to be considered partners in the academic enterprise and not merely paid employees of a family business .\\nThere are two reasons why failure to come to grips with this demand could be fatal to the future of the Catholic university .\\nIn the first place there is the obvious problem of recruiting high caliber personnel .\\nWord spreads rapidly in the tightly knit academic profession , much given to attending meetings and conferences .\\nExpressions of even low-key dissatisfaction by a Catholic college faculty member has the effect of confirming the already existing stereotype .\\nIn the academic world there is seldom anything so dramatic as a strike or a boycott : all that happens is that the better qualified teacher declines to gamble two or three years of his life on the chance that conditions at the Catholic institution will be as good as those elsewhere .\\nTo appreciate the nature of the gamble , it should be realized that while college teaching is almost a public symbol of security , that security does not come as quickly or as automatically as it does in an elementary school system or in the Civil Service .\\nMuch has been made of the fact that major Catholic institutions now guarantee firm tenure .\\nThis is a significant advance but its import should not be exaggerated .\\nWhen a man invests a block of his years at a university without gaining the coveted promotion , not only is he faced with the problem of starting over but there is also a certain depreciation in the market value of his services .\\nA man does not make that kind of gamble if he suspects that one or more of the limited number of tenure positions is being reserved for members of the `` family '' .\\nJust as it is possible to exaggerate the drawing power of the new tenure practices , it is also possible to exaggerate the significance of the now relatively adequate salaries paid by major Catholic institutions .\\nAdequate compensation is indispensable .\\nYet adequate compensation -- and particularly merely adequate compensation is no substitute for those intangibles which cause a man to sacrifice part of his earning potential by taking up college teaching in the first place .\\nBroadly speaking the total Catholic atmosphere is such an intangible but the larger demand is for a sense of creative participation and mature responsibility in the total work of the university .\\nReligious who derive their own sense of purpose through identification with the religious community rather than the academic community are prone to underestimate both the layman's reservoir of idealism and his need for this identification .\\nThere is no need here to spell out the conditions of creative teaching except to point out that , at the college level , the sense of community and of community responsibility is even more necessary than it is at other levels .\\nThe college teacher needs the stimulus of communication with other faculty members but he also needs to feel that such communication , even informal debates over the luncheon table , are a contribution to the total good of the institution .\\nBut this in turn means that decisions are not merely imposed from the top but that there be some actual mechanism of faculty participation .\\nThe second reason for being concerned with the dichotomy between faculty members who are part of the `` in-group '' that owns and operates the institution and those who are merely paid employees , is , therefore , the baneful effect on the caliber of the teaching itself .\\nThis is a problem that goes considerably beyond questions of salary and tenure .\\nYet though it may seem difficult to envision any definitive resolution of the problem of ownership and control , there are nevertheless certain suggestions which seem to be in order .\\nThe first is a negative warning : there is no point in the creation of faculty committees and advisory boards with high-sounding titles but no real authority .\\nIn the case of academic personnel the `` feeling '' of participation can hardly be `` faked '' .\\nCompetent teachers are well versed in the technique of leading students to pre-set conclusions without destroying the students' illusion that they are making their own decisions .\\nThose who have served as faculty advisers are too familiar with the useful but artificial mechanisms of student government to be taken in by `` busy-work '' and ersatz decision making .\\nIn any case it is by no means clear that formally structured organs of participation are what is called for at all .\\nIn the Notre Dame report , reference was made to the fact that faculty members were reduced to `` luncheon-table communication '' .\\nIn itself there is nothing wrong with this form of `` participation '' : the only difficulty on the Catholic campus is that those faculty members who are in a position to implement policy , i.e. , members of the religious community which owns and administers the institution , have their own eating arrangements .\\nSen. John L. McClellan of Arkansas and Rep. David Martin of Nebraska are again beating the drums to place the unions under the anti-monopoly laws .\\nOnce more the fallacious equation is advanced to argue that since business is restricted under the anti-monopoly laws , there must be a corresponding restriction against labor unions : the law must treat everybody equally .\\nOr , in the words of Anatole France , `` The law in its majestic equality must forbid the rich , as well as the poor , from begging in the streets and sleeping under bridges '' .\\nThe public atmosphere that has been generated which makes acceptance of this law a possibility stems from the disrepute into which the labor movement has fallen as a result of Mr. McClellan's hearings into corruption in labor-management relations and , later , into the jurisdictional squabbles that plagued industrial relations at the missile sites .\\nThe Senator was shocked by stoppages over allegedly trivial disputes that delayed our missile program .\\nIn addition , disclosures that missile workers were earning sums far in excess of what is paid for equivalent work elsewhere provoked his indignation on behalf of the American taxpayer who was footing the bill .\\nIt is now disclosed that the taxpayer not only pays for high wages , but he pays the employers' strike expenses when the latter undertakes to fight a strike .\\nBusiness Week ( Aug. 9 , 1961 ) reports that the United Aircraft Company , against which the International Association of Machinists had undertaken a strike , decided to keep its plants operating .\\nThe company incurred some $10 million of expenses attributable to four factors : advertising to attract new employees , hiring and training them , extra overtime , and defective work performed by the new workers .\\nThe company has billed the United States Government for $7,500,000 of these expenses under the Defense Department regulation allowing costs of a type generally recognized as ordinary and necessary for the conduct of the contractor's business .\\nRep. Frank Kowalski of Connecticut has brought this problem to the attention of the Armed Services Committee .\\nThe committee remains unresponsive .\\nNeither has Congressman Martin nor Senator McClellan been heard from on the matter ; ;\\nthey are preoccupied with ending labor abuses by extending the anti-monopoly laws to the unions .\\nThe recent publicity attending the successful federal prosecution of a conspiracy indictment against a number of electrical manufacturers has evoked a new respect for the anti-trust laws that is justified neither by their rationale nor by the results they have obtained .\\nThe anti-trust laws inform a business that it must compete , but along completely undefined lines ; ;\\nit must play a game in which there never is a winner .\\nThe fact is that any business that wants to operate successfully cannot follow the law .\\nHypocrisy thus becomes the answer to a foolish public policy .\\nLet us look at the heavy-electrical-goods industry in which General Electric , Westinghouse and a number of other manufacturers were recently convicted of engaging in a conspiracy to rig prices and allocate the market .\\nThe industry is so structured that price-setting by a multi-product company will vary with the way overhead charges are allocated -- whether marginal or average pricing is applied .\\nThe problem becomes even more complex where an enterprise is engaged in the manufacture of a wide variety of other goods in addition to the heavy electrical equipment .\\nAccounting procedures can be varied to provide a rationale for almost any price .\\nNaturally , enterprises of the size of General Electric are in a position to structure their prices in such a way that the relatively small competitors can be forced to the wall in a very short time .\\nShould these giants really flex their competitive muscles , they would become the only survivors in the industry .\\nUncle Sam would then accuse them of creating a monopoly by `` unfair competition '' .\\nBut if they show self-restraint , they don't get the orders .\\nUnder the circumstances , the only protection for the relatively small manufacturers is to engage in exactly the kind of conspiracy with the giants for which the latter were convicted .\\nEngaging in such a conspiracy was an act of mercy by the giants .\\nThe paradox implicit in the whole affair is shown by the demand of the government , after the conviction , that General Electric sign a wide-open consent decree that it would not reduce prices so low as to compete seriously with its fellows .\\nIn other words , the anti-trust laws , designed to reduce prices to the consumer on Monday , Wednesday and Friday , become a tool to protect the marginal manufacturer on Tuesday , Thursday and Saturday .\\nAnd which theory would govern the enforcers of the law on Sunday ? ?\\nThe question might be asked : `` Don't the managements of the heavy-electrical-goods manufacturers know these facts ? ?\\nWhy did they engage in a flood of mea culpas , throw a few scapegoats to the dogs and promise to be good boys thereafter , expressing their complete confidence in the laws '' ? ?\\nThe past usefulness of the anti-trust laws to management was explained by Thurman Arnold , in The Folklore of Capitalism , back in 1937 .\\nHe wrote : `` ( P. 211 ) the anti-trust laws were the answer of a society which unconsciously felt the need of great organizations , and at the same time had to deny them a place in the moral and logical ideology of the social structure .\\n( P. 214 ) anti-trust laws became the greatest protection to uncontrolled business dictatorship .\\n( P. 215 ) when corporate abuses were attacked , it was done on the theory that criminal penalties would be invoked rather than control .\\nIn this manner , every scheme for direct control broke to pieces on the great protective rock of the anti-trust laws .\\n( Pp. 228-229 ) in any event , it is obvious that the anti-trust laws did not prevent the formation of some of the greatest financial empires the world has ever known , held together by some of the most fantastic ideas , all based on the fundamental notion that a corporation is an individual who can trade and exchange goods without control by the government '' .\\nThis escape from control has led to management's evaluating the risk of occasional irrational prosecution as worth while .\\nA plea of nolo contendere , followed by a nominal fine , after all is a small price to pay for this untrammeled license .\\n( The penalties handed out in the electrical case , which included jail sentences , were unprecedented in anti-trust prosecutions , perhaps because the conspirators had displayed unusual ineptness in their pricing activities .\\n)\\nIf a substitute mechanism is needed for the control of a fictitious impersonal market , quite obviously some method must be devised for representing the public interest .\\nA secret conspiracy of manufacturers is hardly such a vehicle .\\nHowever , one can argue that no such control is necessary as long as one pretends that the anti-trust laws are effective and rational .\\nQuite clearly the anti-trust laws are neither effective nor rational -- and yet the argument goes that they should be extended to the labor union .\\nThose who favor placing trade unions under anti-trust laws imply that they are advocating a brand new reform .\\nBefore 1933 , individuals who opposed trade unions and collective bargaining said so in plain English .\\nThe acceptance of collective bargaining as a national policy in 1934 , implicit in the writing of Section 7A of the National Industrial Recovery Act , has made it impolitic to oppose collective bargaining in principle .\\nThe Wagner Act , the Taft-Hartley Act and the Landrum-Griffin Act all endorse the principle of collective bargaining .\\nThe basic purpose of an effective collective-bargaining system is the removal of wages from competition .\\nIf a union cannot perform this function , then collective bargaining is being palmed off by organizers as a gigantic fraud .\\nThe tortured reasoning that unions use to deny their ambition to exercise monopoly power over the supply and price of labor is one of the things that create a legal profession .\\nThe problem must be faced squarely .\\nIf laborers are merely commodities competing against each other in a market place like so many bags of wheat and corn ( unsupported , by the way , by any agricultural subsidy ) , then they may be pardoned for reacting with complete antagonism to a system that imposes such status upon them .\\nHuman labor was exactly that -- a commodity -- in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century America .\\nAs early as 1776 , Adam Smith wrote in The Wealth Of Nations : `` We have no acts of Parliament against combining to lower the price of work ; ;\\nbut many against combining to raise it '' .\\nEighteenth-century England , upon whose customs our common law was built , had outlawed unions as monopolies and conspiracies .\\nIn 1825 , the Boston house carpenters' strike for a ten-hour day was denounced by the organized employers , who declared : `` It is considered that all combinations by any classes of citizens intended to effect the value of labor tend to convert all its branches into monopolies '' .\\nThere were no pious hypocrisies then about being for collective bargaining , but against labor monopoly .\\nThe courts shared the opinion of the employers .\\nIn People vs. Fisher , Justice Savage of the New York Supreme Court declared :\\n`` Without any officious and improper interference on the subject , the price of labor or the wages of mechanics will be regulated by the demand for the manufactured article and the value of that which is paid for it ; ;\\nbut the right does not exist to raise the wages of the mechanic by any forced and artificial means '' .\\nCompare this statement of a nineteenth-century judge with how Congressman Martin , according to the Daily Labor Report of Sept. 19 , 1961 , defends the necessity of enacting anti-trust legislation in the field of labor `` if we wish to prevent monopolistic fixing of wages , production or prices and if we wish to preserve the freedom of the employer and his employees to contract on wages , hours and conditions of employment '' .\\nSenator McClellan is proposing the application of anti-trust measures to unions in transportation .\\nHis bill , allegedly aimed at Hoffa , would amend the Sherman , Clayton and Norris-LaGuardia acts to authorize the issuance of federal injunctions in any transportation strike and would make it illegal for any union to act in concert with any other union -- even a sister local in the same international .\\nParadoxically , the same week in which Senator McClellan was attempting to extend the anti-trust act to labor in transportation , the Civil Aeronautics Board was assuring the airlines that if they met in concert to eliminate many costly features of air travel , the action would not be deemed a violation of the anti-trust act .\\nIndeed , it is in the field of transportation that Congress has most frequently granted employers exemption from the anti-trust laws ; ;\\nfor example , the organization of steamship conferences to set freight rates and the encouragement of railroads to seek mergers .\\nAt the very moment that every attempt is being made to take management out from under the irrationality of anti-trust legislation , a drive is on to abolish collective bargaining under the guise of extending the anti-monopoly laws to unions who want no more than to continue to set wages in the same way that ship operators set freight rates .\\nThe passage of the Sherman Act was aimed at giant monopolies .\\nIt was most effective against trade unions .\\nIn the famous Danbury Hatters case , a suit was brought against the union by the Loewe Company for monopolistic practices , e.g. , trying to persuade consumers not to purchase the product of the struck manufacturer .\\nThe suit against the union was successful and many workers lost their homes to pay off the judgment .\\nIn 1914 , the Clayton Act attempted to take labor out from under the anti-trust legislation by stating that human labor was not to be considered a commodity .\\nThe law could not suspend economics .\\nLabor remained a commodity -- but presumably a privileged one granted immunization from the anti-trust laws .\\nThe courts , by interpretation , emasculated the act .\\nIn 1922 , the United Mine Workers struck the Coronado Coal Company .\\nThe company sued under the anti-trust laws , alleging that the union's activity interfered with the movement of interstate commerce .\\n( What other purpose could a striking union have but to interrupt the flow of commerce from the struck enterprise ? ?\\n) The court first ruled that the strike constituted only an indirect interference with commerce .\\nThe nation\\nthe three-front war\\nAt a closed-door session on Capitol Hill last week , Secretary of State Christian Herter made his final report to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on U.S. affairs abroad .\\nAfterward , Tennessee's Democratic Senator Albert Gore summed it up for newsmen .\\nWhat Herter presented , said Gore , was `` not a very encouraging review '' .\\nThat was something of an understatement in a week when the underlying conflict between the West and Communism erupted on three fronts .\\nWhile Communists were undermining United Nations efforts to rescue the Congo from chaos , two other Communist offensives stirred the Eisenhower Administration into emergency conferences and serious decisions .\\n1 ) Cuba .\\nHours after a parade of his new Soviet tanks and artillery , Dictator Fidel Castro suddenly confronted the U.S. with a blunt and drastic demand : within 48 hours , the U.S. had to reduce its embassy and consulate staffs in Cuba to a total of eleven persons ( the embassy staff alone totaled 87 U.S. citizens , plus 120 Cuban employees ) .\\nPresident Eisenhower held an 8:30 a.m. meeting with top military and foreign-policy advisers , decided to break off diplomatic relations immediately .\\n`` There is a limit to what the United States in self-respect can endure '' , said the President .\\n`` That limit has now been reached '' .\\nThrough Secretary Herter , Ike offered President-elect Kennedy an opportunity to associate his new Administration with the breakoff decision .\\nKennedy , through Secretary-designate of State Dean Rusk , declined .\\nHe thus kept his hands free for any action after Jan. 20 , although reaction to the break was generally favorable in the U.S. and Latin America ( see the hemisphere ) .\\n2 ) Laos .\\nAfter a White House huddle between the President and top lieutenants , the Defense Department reacted sharply to a cry from the pro-Western government of Laos that several battalions of Communist troops had invaded Laos from North Viet Nam .\\n`` In view of the present situation in Laos '' , said the Pentagon's announcement , `` we are taking normal precautionary actions to increase the readiness of our forces in the Pacific '' .\\nCutting short a holiday at Hong Kong , the aircraft carriers Lexington and Bennington steamed off into the South China Sea , accompanied by a swarm of destroyers , plus troopships loaded with marines .\\nOn the U.S.'s island base of Okinawa , Task Force 116 , made up of Army , Navy , Marine and Air Force units , got braced to move southward on signal .\\nBut by week's end the Laotian cry of invasion was read as an exaggeration ( see foreign news ) , and the U.S. was agreeing with its cautious British and French allies that a neutralist -- rather than a pro-Western -- government might be best for Laos .\\nFrench & Indians .\\nThere was a moral of sorts in the Laotian situation that said much about all other cold-war fronts .\\nPolitical , economic and military experts were all agreed that chaotic , mountainous little Laos was the last place in the world to fight a war -- and they were probably right .\\n`` It would be like fighting the French and Indian War all over again '' , said one military man .\\nBut why was Laos the new Southeast Asian battleground ? ?\\nAt Geneva in 1954 , to get the war in Indo-China settled , the British and French gave in to Russian and Communist Chinese demands and agreed to the setting up of a Communist state , North Viet Nam -- which then , predictably , became a base for Communist operations against neighboring South Viet Nam and Laos .\\nThe late Secretary of State John Foster Dulles considered the 1954 Geneva agreement a specimen of appeasement , saw that resolution would be needed to keep it from becoming a calamity for the West .\\nHe began the diplomatic discussions that resulted in the establishment of Aj .\\n`` The important thing from now on '' , he said , `` is not to mourn the past but to seize the future opportunity to prevent the loss in northern Viet Nam from leading to the extension of Communism throughout Southeast Asia '' .\\nRussian tanks and artillery parading through the streets of Havana , Russian intrigue in the Congo , and Russian arms drops in Laos ( using the same Ilyushin transports that were used to carry Communist agents to the Congo ) made it plain once more that the cold war was all of a piece in space and time .\\nSoviet Premier Khrushchev sent New Year's hopes for peace to President-elect Kennedy , and got a cool acknowledgment in reply .\\nConsidering the state of the whole world , the cold war's three exposed fronts did not seem terribly ominous ; ;\\nbut , in Senator Gore's words , it was `` not a very encouraging '' situation that would confront John F. Kennedy on Inauguration Day .\\nThe Congress\\nturmoil in the House\\nAs the 87th Congress began its sessions last week , liberal Democrats were ready for a finish fight to open the sluice gates controlled by the House Rules Committee and permit the free flow of liberal legislation to the floor .\\nThe liberal pressure bloc ( which coyly masquerades under the name Democratic Study Group ) had fought the committee before , and had always lost .\\nThis time , they were much better prepared and organized , and the political climate was favorable .\\nThey had the unspoken support of President-elect Kennedy , whose own legislative program was menaced by the Rules Committee bottleneck .\\nAnd counting noses , they seemed to have the votes to work their will .\\nDeadly deadlock .\\nThere were two possible methods of breaching the conservative barriers around the Rules Committee : 1 ) to pack it with additional liberals and break the conservative-liberal deadlock , or 2 ) to remove one of the conservatives -- namely Mississippi's 14-term William Meyers Colmer ( pronounced Calmer ) .\\nCaucusing , the liberals decided to go after Colmer , which actually was the more drastic course , since seniority in the House is next to godliness .\\nA dour , gangling man with a choppy gait , Colmer looks younger than his 70 years , has gradually swung from a moderate , internationalist position to that of a diehard conservative .\\nHe is generally and initially suspicious of any federal project , unless it happens to benefit his Gulf Coast constituents .\\nHe is , of course , a segregationist , but he says he has never made an `` anti-Negro '' speech .\\nFor 20 years he has enjoyed his power on the Rules Committee .\\nThere his vote , along with those of Chairman Howard Smith , the courtly Virginia judge , and the four Republican members , could and often did produce a 6-6 deadlock that blocked far-out , Democratic-sponsored welfare legislation ( a tactic often acceptable to the Rayburn-Johnson congressional leadership to avoid embarrassing votes ) .\\nEqual treatment .\\nThere was sufficient pretext to demand Colmer's ouster : he had given his lukewarm support to the anti-Kennedy electors in Mississippi .\\nReprisals are not unheard of in such situations , but the recent tendency has been for the Congress to forgive its prodigal sons .\\nIn 1949 the Dixiecrats escaped unscathed after their 1948 rebellion against Harry Truman , and in 1957 , after Congressman Adam Clayton Powell campaigned for Dwight Eisenhower in 1956 , his fellow Democrats did not touch his committee assignments , although they did strip him temporarily of his patronage .\\n( In the heat of the anti-Colmer drive last week , Judge Smith threatened reprisal against Powell .\\nSaid he : `` We will see whether whites and Negroes are treated the same around here '' .\\n) But Speaker Sam Rayburn , after huddling in Palm Beach with President-elect Kennedy , decided that this year something had to be done about the Rules Committee -- and that he was the only man who could do anything effective .\\nIn a tense , closed-door session with Judge Smith , Rayburn attempted to work out a compromise : to add three new members to the Rules Committee ( two Democrats , including one Southerner , and one Republican ) .\\nSmith flatly rejected the offer , and Mister Sam thereupon decided to join the rebels .\\nThe next morning he summoned a group of top Democrats to his private office and broke the news : he would lead the fight to oust Colmer , whom he is said to regard as `` an inferior man '' .\\nNews of Rayburn's commitment soon leaked out .\\nWhen Missouri's Clarence Cannon got the word , he turned purple .\\n`` Unconscionable '' ! !\\nHe shouted , and rushed off to the Speaker's Room to object : `` A dangerous precedent '' ! !\\nCannon , a powerful , conservative man , brought welcome support to the Smith-Colmer forces : as chairman of the Appropriations Committee , he holds over each member the dreadful threat of excluding this or that congressional district from federal pork-barrel projects .\\nSitting quietly on an equally big pork barrel was another Judge Smith ally , Georgia's Carl Vinson , chairman of the Armed Services Committee .\\nThreat of war .\\nAs the battle raged in the cloakrooms and caucuses , it became clear that Judge Smith could lose .\\nHis highest count of supporters numbered 72 -- and he needed nearly twice that number to control the 260-member Democratic caucus .\\nThe liberals , smelling blood , were faced with the necessity of winning three big votes -- in the Democratic Committee on Committees , in the full party caucus , and on the floor of the House -- before they could oust Colmer .\\n( One big question : If Colmer was to be purged , what should the House do about the other three senior Mississippians who supported the maverick electors ? ?\\n) In all three arenas , they seemed certain of victory -- especially with Sam Rayburn applying his whiplash .\\nBut in the prospect of winning the battle loomed the specter of losing a costlier war .\\nIf the Southerners were sufficiently aroused , they could very well cut the Kennedy legislative program to ribbons from their vantage point of committee chairmanships , leaving Sam Rayburn leading a truncated , unworkable party .\\nWith that possibility in mind , Arkansas' Wilbur Mills deliberately delayed calling a meeting of the Committee on Committees , and coolheaded Democrats sought to bring Rayburn and Smith together again to work out some sort of face-saving compromise .\\n`` Here are two old men , mad at each other and too proud to pick up the phone '' , said a House Democratic leader .\\n`` One wants a little more power , and the other doesn't want to give up any '' .\\nBattle in the senate\\nThe Senate launched the 87th Congress with its own version of an ancient liberal-conservative battle , but in contrast with the House's guerrilla war it seemed as pro forma as a Capitol guide's speech .\\nQuestion at issue : How big a vote should be necessary to restrict Senate debate -- and thereby cut off legislation-delaying filibusters ? ?\\nA wide-ranging , bipartisan force -- from Minnesota's Democratic Hubert Humphrey to Massachusetts' Republican Leverett Saltonstall -- was drawn up against a solid phalanx of Southern Democrats , who have traditionally used the filibuster to stop civil rights bills .\\nNew Mexico's Clint Anderson offered a resolution to change the Senate's notorious Rule 22 to allow three-fifths of the Senators present and voting to cut off debate , instead of the current hard-to-get two-thirds .\\nFair Dealer Humphrey upped the ante , asked cloture power for a mere majority of Senators .\\nGeorgia's Dick Russell objected politely , and the battle was joined .\\nPrivately , the liberals admitted that the Humphrey amendment had no chance of passage .\\nPrivately , they also admitted that their hopes for Clint Anderson's three-fifths modification depended on none other than Republican Richard Nixon .\\nIn 1957 Nixon delivered a significant opinion that a majority of Senators had the power to adopt new rules at the beginning of each new Congress , and that any rules laid down by previous Congresses were not binding .\\nArmed with the Nixon opinion , the Senate liberals rounded up their slim majority and prepared to choke off debate on the filibuster battle this week .\\nHopefully , the perennial battle of Rule 22 then would be fought to a settlement once and for all .\\nRepublicans\\nlast act\\nSince Election Day , Vice President Richard Nixon had virtually retired -- by his own wish -- from public view .\\nBut with the convening of the new Congress , he was the public man again , presiding over the Senate until John Kennedy's Inauguration .\\nOne day last week , Nixon faced a painful constitutional chore that required him to officiate at a joint session of Congress to hear the official tally of the Electoral College vote , and then to make `` sufficient declaration '' of the election of the man who defeated him in the tight 1960 presidential election .\\nNixon fulfilled his assignment with grace , then went beyond the required `` sufficient declaration '' .\\n`` This is the first time in 100 years that a candidate for the presidency announced the result of an election in which he was defeated '' , he said .\\nThe Masters golf tournament proved last Monday what it can do to the strongest men and the staunchest nerves .\\nGary Player , the small , trim South African , was the eventual winner , but in all his 25 years he never spent a more harrowing afternoon as he waited for the victory to drop in his lap .\\nArnold Palmer , the defending champion , lost his title on the 72nd hole after a few minutes of misfortune that left even his fellow pros gaping in disbelief .\\n`` Just when you think you have it licked , this golf course can get up and bite you '' , Player had said one afternoon midway through the tournament .\\nAnd that is just what happened on the last few holes .\\nThe Augusta National Golf Club Course got up and bit both Player and Palmer .\\nPlayer was the first to feel its teeth .\\nAfter playing a splendid first nine holes in 34 -- two strokes under par -- on this fifth and final day of the tournament ( Sunday's fourth round had been washed out by a violent rainstorm when it was only half completed ) , Player's game rapidly fell to pieces .\\nHe bogeyed the 10th .\\nAfter a journey through woods and stream he double-bogeyed the 13th .\\nHe bogeyed the 15th by missing a short putt and finally scrambled through the last three holes without further mishap for a 2-over-par 74 and a 72-hole total of 280 .\\nAs he signed his scorecard and walked off the course , Player was almost in tears .\\nHe could read on the nearby scoreboard that Palmer , by then playing the 15th hole , was leading him by a stroke .\\nPalmer had started the round four strokes behind Player , and at one point in the afternoon had trailed by as many as six strokes .\\nNow all he had to do was finish in even par to collect the trophy and the biggest single paycheck in golf .\\nWhen Palmer hit a good straight drive up the fairway on the 72nd hole , he seemed to have the championship won .\\nBut the seven-iron shot he used to approach the green strayed into a bunker and lodged in a slight depression .\\nIn trying to hit it out with a sand wedge Palmer bounced the ball over the green , past spectators and down the slope toward a TV tower .\\nAfterwards , Palmer told Charlie Coe , his last-round partner , that he simply played the hole too fast .\\nHe did seem hasty on his second and third shots , but then there was an agonizing wait of several minutes while Coe graciously putted out , giving Palmer a chance to recover his composure , which he had quite visibly lost .\\nWhen the shaken Palmer finally did hit his fourth shot , he overshot the hole by 15 feet .\\nPalmer was now putting merely for a tie , and Player , who was sitting beside his wife and watching it all on television in Tournament Chairman Clifford Roberts' clubhouse apartment , stared in amazement when Palmer missed the putt .\\nPalmer's 281 for the four rounds at Augusta was a comfortable four strokes ahead of the next closest pro , but it was barely good enough for a second-place tie with Coe .\\nThe lean and leathery Oklahoma amateur , who has been playing topnotch tournament golf for many years , refused to let the Masters jitters overtake him and closed the tournament with his second straight 69 .\\nEnd at seven\\nUntil late last Saturday afternoon Palmer had played seven consecutive rounds of golf at the Masters -- four last year and three this -- without ever being out of first place .\\nAs evening approached and Palmer finished his Saturday round with a disappointing one-over-par 73 , this remarkable record was still intact , thanks to his Thursday and Friday rounds of 68 and 69 .\\nHis three-round total of 210 was three strokes better than the next best score , a 213 by Bill Collins , the tall and deliberate Baltimorean who had been playing very well all winter long .\\nBut Palmer knew , as did everybody else at Augusta , that his streak was about to be broken .\\nHalf an hour after he finished his round , Player holed out at the 18th green with a 69 and a three-round total of 206 , four strokes ahead of Palmer .\\nMore than a streak had ended .\\nLong after the erratic climate and the washed-out final round on Sunday have become meteorological footnotes , the 1961 Masters will be remembered as the scene of the mano a mano between Arnold Palmer and Gary Player .\\nUnlike most such sports rivalries , it appeared to have developed almost spontaneously , although this was not exactly the case .\\nWhen the winter tour began at Los Angeles last January there was no one in sight to challenge Palmer's towering prestige .\\nAs if to confirm his stature , he quickly won three of the first eight tournaments .\\nPlayer won only one .\\nBut as the tour reached Pensacola a month ago , Player was leading Palmer in official winnings by a few hundred dollars , and the rest of the field was somewhere off in nowhere .\\nOn the final round at Pensacola , the luck of the draw paired Palmer and Player in the same threesome and , although it was far from obvious at the time , the gallery was treated to the first chapter of what promises to be one of the most exciting duels in sport for a long time to come .\\nOn that final Sunday at Pensacola neither Palmer nor Player was leading the tournament and , as it turned out , neither won it .\\nBut whichever of these two finished ahead of the other would be the undisputed financial leader of the tour .\\nPlayer immediately proved he was not in the least awed by the dramatic proximity of Palmer .\\nHe outplayed Palmer all around the course and finished with a tremendous 65 to Palmer's 71 .\\nThereafter , until the Masters , Player gradually increased his lead over Palmer in winnings and added one more tournament victory at Miami .\\nWhen they reached Augusta last week , together they had won five of the 13 tournaments to date .\\nInstant rivalry\\nOn Thursday , the first day of the Masters , the contest between Palmer and Player developed instantly .\\nIt was a dismal , drizzly day but a good one on which to score over the Augusta National course .\\nThe usually skiddy greens were moist and soft , so the golfers were able to strike their approach shots boldly at the flag-stick and putt firmly toward the hole without too much worry about the consequences .\\nPalmer's 4-under-par 68 got him off to an early lead , which he shared with Bob Rosburg .\\nBut Player was only one stroke back , with a 69 .\\nEven so , it was still not clear to many in the enormous horde of spectators -- unquestionably the largest golf crowd ever -- that this tournament was to be , essentially , a match between Palmer and Player .\\nA lot of people were still thinking about Jack Nicklaus , the spectacular young amateur , who had a 70 ; ;\\nor Ken Venturi , who had a somewhat shaky 72 but was bound to do better ; ;\\nor Rosburg , whose accurate short game and supersensitive putter can overcome so many of Augusta's treacheries ; ;\\nor even old Byron Nelson , whose excellent 71 made one wonder if he had solved the geriatric aspects of golf .\\n( On Thursday nobody except Charlie Coe was thinking of Charlie Coe .\\n)\\nOn Friday , a day as cloudless and lovely as Thursday had been gray and ugly , the plot of the tournament came clearly into focus .\\nRosburg had started early in the day , and by the time Palmer and Player were on the course -- separated , as they were destined to be for the rest of the weekend , by about half an hour -- they could see on the numerous scoreboards spotted around the course that Rosburg , who ended with a 73 , was not having a good day .\\nAs Player began his second round in a twosome with amateur Bill Hyndman , his share of the gallery was not conspicuously large for a contender .\\nPlayer began with a birdie on the first hole , added five straight pars and then another birdie at the 9th .\\nOn the back nine he began to acquire the tidal wave of a gallery that stayed with him the rest of the tournament .\\nHe birdied the 13th , the 15th and the 18th -- five birdies , one bogey and 12 pars for a 68 .\\nStarting half an hour behind Player in company with British Open Champion Kel Nagle , Palmer birdied the 2nd , the 9th , the 13th and the 16th -- four birdies , one bogey and 13 pars for a 69 .\\nThe roar of Palmer's gallery as he sank a thrilling putt would roll out across the parklike landscape of Augusta , only to be answered moments later by the roar of Player's gallery for a similar triumph .\\nAt one point late in the day , when Palmer was lining up a 25-foot putt on the 16th , a thunderous cheer from the direction of the 18th green unmistakably announced that Player had birdied the final hole .\\nWithout so much as a grimace or a gesture to show that he had noticed ( although he later admitted that he had ) Palmer proceeded to sink his 25-footer , and his gallery sent its explosive vocalization rolling back along the intervening fairways in reply .\\nThe boldness of champions\\nAnyone who now doubted that a personal duel was under way had only to watch how these exceptionally gifted golfers were playing this most difficult golf course .\\nIt is almost axiomatic that golfers who dominate the game of golf for any period of time attack their shots with a vehemence bordering on violence .\\nThe bad luck that can so often mar a well-played round of golf is simply overpowered and obliterated by the contemptuous boldness of these champions .\\nBob Jones played that way .\\nByron Nelson did , Hogan did .\\nAnd last week at the Masters Palmer and Player did .\\nAs the third round of the tournament began on Saturday and the duel was resumed in earnest , it was Player's superior aggressiveness that carried him into the lead .\\nThis day Palmer had started first .\\nAs Player stepped on the first tee he knew that Palmer had birdied the first two holes and already was 2 under par for the day .\\nPlayer immediately proceeded to follow suit .\\nIn fact , he went on to birdie the 6th and 8th as well , to go 4 under par for the first eight holes .\\nBut Player's real test came on the ninth hole , a downhill dogleg to the left measuring 420 yards .\\nHe hit a poor tee shot , pulling it off into the pine woods separating the 9th and first fairways .\\nHaving hit one of the trees , the ball came to rest not more than 160 yards out .\\nPlayer then had the choice of punching the ball safely out of the woods to the 9th fairway and settling for a bogey 5 , or gambling .\\nThe latter involved hitting a full four-wood out to the first fairway and toward the clubhouse , hoping to slice it back to the deeply bunkered 9th green .\\n`` I was hitting the ball well '' , Player said later , `` and I felt strong .\\nWhen you're playing like that you'd better attack '' .\\nPlayer attacked with his four-wood and hit a shot that few who saw it will ever forget .\\nIt struck the 9th green on the fly and stopped just off the edge .\\nFrom there he chipped back and sank his putt for a par 4 .\\nPalmer , meanwhile , had been having his troubles .\\nThey started on the 4th hole , a 220-yard par-3 .\\nOn this day the wind had switched 180-degrees from the northwest to the southeast , and nearly every shot on the course was different from the previous few days .\\nAt the 4th tee Palmer chose to hit a one-iron when a three-wood was the proper club , so he put the ball in a bunker in front of the green .\\nHis bogey 4 on this hole and subsequent bogeys at 5 and 7 along with a birdie at 8 brought him back to even par .\\nStarting the second nine , Palmer was already four strokes behind Player and knew it .\\nWhen Mickey Charles Mantle , the New York Yankees' man of muscle , drives a home run 450 feet into the bleachers , his feat touches upon the sublime .\\nWhen Roger Eugene Maris , Mantle's muscular teammate , powers four home runs in a double-header , his performance merits awe .\\nBut when tiny , 145-pound Albert Gregory Pearson of the Los Angeles Angels , who once caught three straight fly balls in center field because , as a teammate explained , `` the other team thought no one was out there '' , hits seven home runs in four months ( three more than his total in 1958 , 1959 , and 1960 ) , his achievement borders on the ridiculous .\\nThis is Baseball 1961 .\\nThis is the year home runs ranged from the sublime to the ridiculous .\\nIt is the year when ( 1 ) amiable Jim Gentile of the Baltimore Orioles ambled to the plate in consecutive innings with the bases loaded and , in unprecedented style , delivered consecutive grand-slam home runs ; ;\\n( 2 ) Willie Mays of the San Francisco Giants borrowed a teammate's bat and became the ninth big leaguer to stroke four home runs in a game ; ;\\n( 3 ) the Milwaukee Braves tied a major-league record with fourteen home runs in three games and lost two of them ; ;\\nand ( 4 ) catcher Johnny Blanchard of the New York Yankees matched a record with home runs in four successive times at bat , two of them as a pinch-hitter .\\nPitchers grumble about lively balls and lively bats , the shrinking strike zone , and the fact that the knock-down pitch is now illegal .\\nExperts point to the thinning of pitching talent in the American League caused by expansion .\\nWhatever the reasons , not in 30 years has a single season produced such thunderous assaults upon the bureau of baseball records , home-run division .\\nOf all the records in peril , one stands apart , dramatic in its making , dramatic in its endurance , and now , doubly dramatic in its jeopardy .\\nThis , of course , is baseball's most remarkable mark : The 60 home runs hit in 1927 by the incorrigible epicure , the incredible athlete , George Herman ( Babe ) Ruth of the Yankees .\\nSince 1927 , fewer than a dozen men have made serious runs at Babe Ruth's record and each , in turn , has been thwarted .\\nWhat ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruth's amazing September surge .\\nIn the final month of the 1927 season , he hit seventeen home runs , a closing spurt never matched .\\nDouble threat :\\nAlways , in the abortive attacks upon Ruth's record , one man alone -- a Jimmy Foxx ( 58 in 1932 ) or a Hank Greenberg ( 58 in 1938 ) or a Hack Wilson ( 56 in 1930 ) -- made the bid .\\nBut now , for the first time since Lou Gehrig ( with 47 home runs ) spurred Ruth on in 1927 , two men playing for the same team have zeroed in on 60 .\\nTheir names are Mantle and Maris , their team is the Yankees , and their threat is real .\\nAfter 108 games in 1927 , Ruth had 35 home runs .\\nAfter 108 games in 1961 , Mickey Mantle has 43 , Roger Maris 41 .\\nExtend Mantle's and Maris's present paces over the full 1961 schedule of 162 games , and , mathematically , each will hit more than 60 home runs .\\nThis is the great edge the two Yankees have going for them .\\nTo better Ruth's mark , neither needs a spectacular September flourish .\\nAll Mantle needs is eight more home runs in August and ten in September , and he will establish a new record .\\nIn Ruth's day -- and until this year -- the schedule was 154 games .\\nBaseball commissioner Ford Frick has ruled that Ruth's record will remain official unless it is broken in 154 games .\\n)\\n`` Even on the basis of 154 games , this is the ideal situation '' , insists Hank Greenberg , now vice-president of the Chicago White Sox .\\n`` It has to be easier with two of them .\\nHow can you walk Maris to get to Mantle '' ? ?\\nRoommates :\\nNeither Mantle nor Maris , understandably , will predict 60 home runs for himself .\\nAlthough both concede they would like to hit 60 , they stick primarily to the baseball player's standard quote : `` The important thing is to win the pennant '' .\\nBut one thing is for certain : There is no dissension between Mantle , the American League's Most Valuable Player in 1956 and 1957 , and Maris , the MVP in 1960 .\\nEach enjoys seeing the other hit home runs ( `` I hope Roger hits 80 '' , Mantle says ) , and each enjoys even more seeing himself hit home runs ( `` and I hope I hit 81 '' ) .\\nThe sluggers get along so well in fact , that with their families at home for the summer ( Mantle's in Dallas , Maris's in Kansas City ) , they are rooming together .\\nMantle , Maris , and Bob Cerv , a utility outfielder , share an apartment in Jamaica , Long Island , not far from New York International Airport .\\nThe three pay $251 a month for four rooms ( kitchen , dining room , living room , and bedroom ) , with air-conditioning and new modern furniture .\\nMantle and Cerv use the twin beds in the bedroom ; ;\\nMaris sleeps on a green studio couch in the living room .\\nThey divide up the household chores : Cerv does most of the cooking ( breakfast and sandwich snacks , with dinner out ) , Mantle supplies the transportation ( a white 1961 Oldsmobile convertible ) , and Maris drives the 25-minute course from the apartment house to Yankee Stadium .\\nMantle , Maris , and Cerv probably share one major-league record already : Among them , they have fifteen children -- eight for Cerv , four for Mantle , and three for Maris .\\nAs roommates , teammates , and home-run mates , Mantle , 29 , who broke in with the Yankees ten years ago , and Maris , 26 , who came to the Yankees from Kansas City two years ago , have strikingly similar backgrounds .\\nBoth were scholastic stars in football , basketball , and baseball ( Mantle in Commerce , Okla. , Maris in Fargo , N.D. ) ; ;\\nas halfbacks , both came close to playing football at the University of Oklahoma ( `` Sometimes in the minors '' , Maris recalls , `` I wished I had gone to Oklahoma '' ) .\\nTo an extent , the two even look alike .\\nBoth have blue eyes and short blond hair .\\nBoth are 6 feet tall and weigh between 195 and 200 pounds , but Mantle , incredibly muscular ( he has a 17-1/2-inch neck ) , looks bigger .\\nWith their huge backs and overdeveloped shoulders , both must have their clothes made to order .\\nMaris purchases $100 suits from Simpson's in New York .\\nMantle , more concerned with dress , buys his suits four at a time at Neiman-Marcus in Dallas and pays as much as $250 each .\\nLight reading :\\nNeither Mantle nor Maris need fear being classified an intellectual , but lately Mantle has shown unusual devotion to an intellectual opus , Henry Miller's `` Tropic of Cancer '' .\\nMantle so appreciated Miller's delicate literary style that he broadened teammates' minds by reading sensitive passages aloud during road trips .\\nMantle is not normally given to public speaking -- or , for that matter , to private speaking .\\n`` What do you and Mickey talk about at home '' ? ?\\nA reporter asked Maris recently .\\n`` To tell you the truth '' , Maris said , `` Mickey don't talk much '' .\\nThis is no surprising trait for a ballplayer .\\nWhat is surprising and pleasant is that Mantle and Maris , under constant pressure from writers and photographers , are trying to be cooperative .\\nOf the two , Mantle is by nature the less outgoing , Maris the more outspoken .\\nBut last week , when a reporter was standing near Mantle's locker , Mickey walked up and volunteered an anecdote .\\n`` See that kid '' ? ?\\nHe said , pointing to a dark-haired 11-year-old boy .\\n`` That's ( Yogi ) Berra's .\\nI'll never forget one time I struck out three times , dropped a fly ball , and we lost the game .\\nI came back , sitting by my locker , feeling real low , and the kid walks over to me , looks up , and says : ' You stunk ' '' .\\nMaris , in talking to reporters , tries to answer all questions candidly and fully , but on rare occasions , he shuns newsmen .\\n`` When I've made a dumb play '' , he says , `` I don't want to talk to anyone .\\nI'm angry '' .\\nBy his own confession , Maris is an angry young man .\\nBenched at Tulsa in 1955 , he told manager Dutch Meyer : `` I can't play for you .\\nSend me where I can play '' .\\n( Meyer sent him to Reading , Pa. .\\n) Benched at Indianapolis in 1956 , he told manager Kerby Farrell : `` I'm not learning anything on the bench .\\nPlay me '' .\\n( Farrell did -- and Maris led the team to victory in the Little World Series .\\n) `` That's the way I am '' , he says .\\n`` I tell people what I think .\\nIf you're a good ballplayer , you've got to get mad .\\nGive me a team of nine angry men and I'll give you a team of nine gentlemen and we'll beat you nine out of ten times '' .\\nIdols' idols :\\nOne good indication of the two men's personalities is the way they reacted to meeting their own heroes .\\nMaris's was Ted Williams .\\n`` When I was a kid '' , Maris told a sportswriter last week , `` I used to follow Williams every day in the box score , just to see whether he got a hit or not '' .\\n`` When you came up to the majors , did you seek out Williams for advice '' ? ?\\n`` Are you kidding '' ? ?\\nSaid Maris .\\n`` You're afraid to talk to a guy you idolize '' .\\nMantle's hero was Joe DiMaggio .\\n`` When Mickey went to the Yankees '' , says Mark Freeman , an ex-Yankee pitcher who sells mutual funds in Denver , `` DiMaggio still was playing and every day Mickey would go by his locker , just aching for some word of encouragement from this great man , this hero of his .\\nBut DiMaggio never said a word .\\nIt crushed Mickey .\\nHe told me he vowed right then that if he ever got to be a star , this never would be said of him '' .\\nMantle has kept the vow .\\nAmong all the Yankees , he is the veteran most friendly to rookies .\\nNeither Mantle nor Maris is totally devoted to baseball above all else .\\nIf laying ties on a railroad track , which he once did for $1 an hour , paid more than playing right field for the Yankees , Maris would lay ties on a railroad track .\\nIf working in a zinc mine , which he once did for 87-1/2 cents an hour , paid more than playing center field for the Yankees , Mantle would work in a zinc mine .\\nBut since railroading and mining are not the highest paid arts , Mantle and Maris concentrate on baseball .\\nThey try to play baseball the best they can .\\nEach is a complete ballplayer .\\nMantle , beyond any question , can do more things well .\\n( `` One of the reasons they get along fine '' , says a sportswriter who is friendly with the two men , `` is that both realize Mantle is head-and-shoulders above Maris '' .\\n) Hitting , Mantle has an immediate advantage because he bats both left-handed and right-handed , Maris only left-handed .\\nThey both possess near classic stances , dug in firmly , arms high , set for fierce swings .\\nMantle is considerably better hitting for average (\\n, fourth in the league , to\\nfor Maris so far this year ) .\\nBoth are good bunters : Maris once beat out eighteen of nineteen in the minor leagues ; ;\\nMantle is a master at dragging a bunt toward first base .\\nBoth have brilliant speed : Mantle was timed from home plate ( batting left-handed ) to first base in 3.1 seconds , faster than any other major leaguer ; ;\\nMaris ran the 100-yard dash in ten seconds in high school and once won a race against Luis Aparicio , the swift , base-stealing shortstop of the White Sox .\\nBoth are good , daring fielders : Mantle covers more ground ; ;\\nMaris's throwing arm is stronger .\\nYet with all their skills , the appeal of Mantle and Maris in 1961 comes down to one basic : The home run .\\nWith this ultimate weapon , the two Yankees may have saved baseball from its dullest season .\\n( American League expansion created , inevitably , weaker teams .\\nOnly two teams in each league ( the Yankees and Detroit , the Dodgers and Cincinnati ) are battling for first place .\\nAppropriately , the emphasis on the home run , at a peak this year , came into being at baseball's lowest moment .\\nIn 1920 , as the startling news that the 1919 White Sox had conspired to lose the World Series leaked out , fans grew disillusioned and disinterested in baseball .\\nSomething was needed to revive interest ; ;\\nthe something was the home run .\\nInto Washington on President-elect John F. Kennedy's Convair , the Caroline , winged Actor-Crooner Frank Sinatra and his close Hollywood pal , Cinemactor Peter Lawford , Jack Kennedy's brother-in-law .\\nAlso included in the entourage : a dog in a black sweater , Frankie and Peter had an urgent mission : to stage a mammoth Inauguration Eve entertainment gala in the capital's National Guard Armory .\\nFrankie was fairly glutted with ideas , as he had hinted upon his arrival : `` It's really tremendous when you think Ella Fitzgerald is coming from Australia .\\nI could talk to you for three hours and still not be able to give you all of our plans '' ! !\\nAs the plans were laid , some several thousand fat cats were to be ensconced in the armory's $100 seats and in 68 ringside boxes priced at $10,000 each .\\nThe biggest single act would doubtless be staged by Frankie himself : his Inaugural wardrobe had been designed by Hollywood Couturier Don Loper , who regularly makes up ladies' ensembles .\\nSoon after Loper leaked the news that Frankie had ordered `` two of everything '' just `` in case he spills anything '' , Frankie got so mad at the chic designer that he vowed he would not wear a stitch of Loper clothing .\\nA year after he was catapulted over nine officers senior to him and made commandant of the Marine Corps , General David M. Shoup delivered a peppery annual report in the form of a `` happy , warless New Year '' greeting to his Pentagon staff .\\nSaid Leatherneck Shoup : `` A year ago I took the grips of the plow in my hands .\\nAfter pushing an accumulation of vines and weeds from the moldboard , I lifted the lines from the dust and found hitched to that plow the finest team I ever held a rein on .\\nLittle geeing and hawing have been necessary '' .\\nBut Shoup also gave the Corps a tilling in spots .\\nSpeaking of `` pride '' , he deplored the noncommissioned officer `` whose uniform looks like it belonged to someone who retired in 1940 ; ;\\nthe officer with the yellow socks or the bay window .\\nA few of these people are still around '' .\\nOld and new briefly crossed paths in the U.S. Senate , then went their respective ways .\\nAt a reception for new members of Congress , Oregon Democrat Maurine Neuberger , taking the Senate seat held by her husband Richard until his death last March , got a brotherly buss from Democratic Elder Statesman Adlai Stevenson , U.S. Ambassador-designate to the U.N. .\\nMeanwhile , after 24 years in the Senate , Rhode Island's durable Democrat Theodore Francis Greene -- having walked , swum and cerebrated himself to the hearty age of 93 -- left that august body ( voluntarily , because he could surely have been re-elected had he chosen to run again last November ) , as the oldest man ever to serve in the Senate .\\nThe most famous undergraduate of South Philadelphia High School is a current bobby-sox idol , Dreamboat Cacophonist Fabian ( real name : Fabian Forte ) , 17 , and last week it developed that he will remain an undergraduate for a while .\\nThe principal of the school announced that -- despite the help of private tutors in Hollywood and Philadelphia -- Fabian is a 10-o'clock scholar in English and mathematics .\\nLacking his needed credits in those subjects , Fabian will not graduate with his old classmates next week .\\nSouth Philadelphia High's principal added that the current delay was caused by the `` pressure '' of a movie that the toneless lad was making .\\nTo Decathlon Man Rafer Johnson ( Time cover , Aug. 29 ) , whose gold medal in last summer's Olympic Games was won as much on gumption as talent , went the A.A.U.'s James E. Sullivan Memorial Trophy as the outstanding U.S. amateur athlete of 1960 .\\nAs the world's top sportsman -- pro or amateur -- Sports Illustrated tapped golf's confident Arnold Palmer ( Time cover , May 2 ) , who staged two cliffhanging rallies to win both the Masters and U.S. Open crowns , went on to win a record $80,738 for the year .\\nTooling through Sydney on his way to race in the New Zealand Grand Prix , Britain's balding Ace Driver Stirling Moss , 31 , all but smothered himself in his own exhaust of self-crimination .\\n`` I'm a slob '' , he announced .\\n`` My taste is gaudy .\\nI'm useless for anything but racing cars .\\nI'm ruddy lazy , and I'm getting on in years .\\nIt gets so frustrating , but then again I don't know what I could do if I gave up racing '' .\\nHas Moss no stirling virtues ? ?\\n`` I appreciate beauty '' .\\nOne of Nikita Khrushchev's most enthusiastic eulogizers , the U.S.S.R.'s daily Izvestia , enterprisingly interviewed Red-prone Comedian Charlie Chaplin at his Swiss villa , where he has been in self-exile since 1952 .\\nChaplin , 71 , who met K. when the Soviet boss visited England in 1956 , confided that he hopes to visit Russia some time this summer because `` I have marveled at your grandiose experiment and I believe in your future '' .\\nThen Charlie spooned out some quick impressions of the Nikita he had glimpsed : `` I was captivated by his humor , frankness and good nature and by his kind , strong and somewhat sly face '' .\\nG. David Thompson is one of those names known to the stewards of transatlantic jetliners and to doormen in Europe's best hotels , but he is somewhat of an enigma to most people in his own home town of Pittsburgh .\\nThere the name vaguely connotes new-rich wealth , a reputation for eccentricity , and an ardor for collecting art .\\nLast week , in the German city of Dusseldorf , G. David Thompson was making headlines that could well give Pittsburgh pause .\\nOn display were 343 first-class paintings and sculptures from his fabled collection -- and every single one of them was up for sale .\\nLike Philadelphia's late Dr. Albert C. Barnes who kept his own great collection closed to the general public ( Time , Jan. 2 ) , Thompson , at 61 , is something of a legend in his own lifetime .\\nHe made his fortune during World War 2 , when he took over a number of dying steel plants and kept them alive until the boom .\\nEven before he hit big money , he had begun buying modern paintings .\\nHe gave the impression of never having read a word about art , but there was no doubt that he had an eye for the best .\\nHe was able to smell a bargain -- and a masterpiece -- a continent away , and the Museum of Modern Art's Alfred Barr said of him : `` I have never mentioned a new artist that Thompson didn't know about '' .\\nHe might barge into a gallery , start haggling over prices without so much as a word of greeting .\\nHe could be lavishly generous with friends , cab drivers and bellboys , but with dealers he was tough .\\nHe bought up Cezannes , Braques , Matisses , Legers , a splendid Picasso series , more than 70 Giacometti sculptures .\\nHe gathered one of the biggest collections of Paul Klees in the world .\\nAll these he hung in his burglarproof home called Stone's Throw , outside Pittsburgh , and only people he liked and trusted ever got to see them .\\nTwo years ago Thompson offered his collection to the city .\\nBut he insisted that it be housed in a special museum .\\nPittsburgh turned him down , just as Pittsburgh society had been snubbing him for years .\\nHe went then to a 40-year-old Basel art dealer named Ernst Beyeler , with whom he had long been trading pictures .\\nLast year Beyeler arranged to sell $1,500,000 worth of Klees to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia , which will house them in a museum that is yet to be built .\\nLast week most of the other prizes , once offered to Pittsburgh , went on the block .\\nAt the opening of the Dusseldorf show , Thompson himself scarcely glanced at the treasures that he was seeing together for the last time .\\nIn fact he seemed delighted to get rid of them .\\nSome observers speculated that this might be his revenge on his home town .\\nThompson himself said : `` I want to enjoy once more the pleasure of bare walls waiting for new pictures '' .\\nBreak in Georgia\\nThe University of Georgia has long claimed that it does not discriminate against any applicant on the basis of race or color .\\nBut in all its 175 years , not a single Negro student has entered its classrooms .\\nLast week Federal District Judge William A. Bootle ordered the university to admit immediately a `` qualified '' Negro boy and girl .\\nTheir entry will crack the total segregation of all public education , from kindergarten through graduate school , in Georgia -- and in Alabama , Mississippi and South Carolina as well .\\nFor 18 months , Hamilton Holmes , 19 , and Charlayne Hunter , 18 , had tried to get into the university .\\nThey graduated together from Atlanta's Turner High School , where Valedictorian Holmes was first in the class and Charlayne third .\\nThe university rejected them on a variety of pretexts , but was careful never to mention the color of their skins .\\nHolmes went to Atlanta's Morehouse ( Negro ) College , where he is a B student and star halfback .\\nCharlayne studied journalism at Detroit's Wayne State University .\\nLast fall , after they took their hopes for entering Georgia to court , Judge Bootle ordered them to apply again .\\nCharlayne was `` tentatively '' admitted for next fall , after state investigators questioned her white roommate at Wayne State .\\nBut Holmes was rejected again `` on the basis of his record and interview '' .\\nThe evidence in court was testimony about the interview , which for Holmes lasted an hour , although at least one white student at Georgia got through this ritual by a simple phone conversation .\\nHolmes was asked if he had ever visited a house of prostitution , or a `` beatnik parlor or teahouse '' .\\nNo , said he , but officials still called him `` evasive '' .\\nThey also said he lied in saying that he had never been `` arrested '' .\\nTheir reason : Holmes once paid a $20 speeding fine , had his license suspended .\\nNegro lawyers dug into the records of 300 white students , found that many were hardly interviewed at all -- and few had academic records as good as Hamilton Holmes .\\nThe real reason for his rejection , they argued , is the fact that Georgia law automatically cuts off funds for any desegregated school .\\nJudge Bootle's decision : `` The two plaintiffs are qualified for admission to said university and would already have been admitted had it not been for their race and color '' .\\nThe state will appeal -- but few think it will actually try to close the university .\\n`` Surprised and pleased '' , Students Holmes and Hunter may enter the University of Georgia this week .\\nCatch for Chicago\\nWhen the University of Chicago's Chancellor Lawrence A. Kimpton submitted his resignation last March , a mighty talent hunt gripped the Midway .\\nOut went letters to 60,000 old grads , asking for suggestions .\\nSuch academic statesmen as James B. Conant were consulted .\\nTwo committees pondered 375 possible Kimpton successors , including Adlai Stevenson , Richard Nixon , and Harvard's Dean McGeorge Bundy .\\nThe debate led to a decision that Chicago needed neither a big name nor an experienced academic administrator , but rather , as Trustee Chairman Glen A. Lloyd put it , `` a top scholar in his own right '' -- a bright light to lure other top scholars to Chicago .\\nLast week Chicago happily found its top scholar in Caltech's acting dean of the faculty : dynamic Geneticist George Wells Beadle , 57 , who shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology for discovering how genes affect heredity by controlling cell chemistry ( Time , Cover , July 14 , 1958 ) .\\nIt fell to Chancellor Kimpton , now a Standard Oil ( Indiana ) executive , to spend his nine-year reign tidying up Chicago after the 21-year typhoon of Idealist Robert Maynard Hutchins .\\nHe threw out some of Hutchins' more wildly experimental courses , raised sagging undergraduate enrollment to 2,100 , nearly doubled endowment to $139.3 million .\\nBut though Kimpton put Chicago in what he felt was working order , some old grads feel that it still needs the kind of lively teachers who filled it in the heady Hutchins era .\\nAt Caltech , Geneticist Beadle has stuck close to his research as head of the school's famous biology division since 1946 .\\nBut he has shown a sixth-sense ability to spot , recruit and excite able researchers , and has developed unexpected talents in fund raising and speech-making .\\nBeadle is even that rare scientist who takes an interest in money matters ; ;\\nhe avidly reads the Wall Street Journal , and took delight in driving a $250 model A Ford for 22 years , then selling it for $300 .\\nA philosopher may point out that the troubles of the Congo began with the old Adam and consequently will never end .\\nBut a historian might put his finger on a specific man and date , and hold out the hope that the troubles will sometime pass away .\\nThe man was King Leopold 2 , of the Belgians , who in 1885 concluded that he had better grab a colony while the grabbing was still good .\\nBy force , he took under his protection , or stole , 900,000 square miles of wilderness in Central Africa .\\nThis is an area nearly as large as Western Europe ; ;\\nand it was filled then as now by quarreling tribes with no political or historical unity .\\nIts boundaries had nothing to do with geography or ethnic groupings ; ;\\nthey were determined by the points at which Leopold's explorers and gunmen got tired of walking .\\nThe population of the Congo is 13.5 million , divided into at least seven major `` culture clusters '' and innumerable tribes speaking 400 separate dialects .\\nThe religions of the people include Christianity , Mohammedanism , paganism , ancestor worship and animism .\\nThe climate ranges from the steamily equatorial to the temperate .\\nThe hospitals contain patients trampled by elephants or run over by sports cars .\\nTo make one nation out of these disparities would be a problem large enough in any case ; ;\\nit has been made far more difficult by what the Belgians have done , or failed to do , in the Congo since 1885 .\\nAt first the Belgian royal family administered the Congo as its own private property .\\nBut by 1908 its record of brutality had touched the national conscience .\\nThe Belgian government itself took over administration , commencing a program of paternalism unmatched in the history of colonialism .\\nOne definition of paternalism is `` The principle or practice , on the part of a government , of managing the affairs of a country in the manner of a father dealing with his children '' .\\nThe honor of the Belgians in this matter is not to be questioned -- only their judgment .\\nOrdinarily a father permits his children to grow up in due time -- but when the colony received independence in 1960 the Congolese child , if one imagines him to have been born in 1908 , was 52 and had until then been treated as an infant .\\nThe Belgians were interested primarily in the economic development of the Congo , which is rich in copper , tin , cobalt , manganese , zinc , and uranium , and cotton and palm oil .\\nThe colony was administered from Brussels , with neither the Congolese nor the resident Belgians having any vote .\\nThe beneficiaries of this administration were a number of huge cartels in which both individuals and the Belgian government itself held stock .\\nIn Inside Africa , John Gunther describes one of these , the Societe Generale , as `` the kind of colossus that might be envisaged if , let us say , the House of Morgan , Anaconda Copper , the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York , the Pennsylvania Railroad , and various companies producing agricultural products were lumped together , with the United States government as a heavy partner '' .\\nHad they been truly ruthless , the Belgians might have exploited the Congolese without compassion .\\nBut they were not .\\nThey provided a social security system which covered all their African employes ; ;\\ntheir program of mass medical care was doubtless the best on the continent ; ;\\nthey put much effort into public housing .\\nThey also instituted a ration system under which all employers in the Congo were required to furnish their employes with clothing and adequate food .\\nBut instead of delivering the ration -- either in actual commodities or in cash -- at intervals of perhaps two weeks or a month , the Belgians felt obliged to dole it out more often .\\nWould not the children , if they received all their food on the first day of the month , eat it up immediately , and later go hungry ? ?\\nThe Belgians also placed great emphasis on education .\\nDuring the 1950s there were as many as 25,000 schools in the Congo .\\nBut almost all the schools were primary .\\nThe average Congolese can do little more than puzzle out the meaning of `` la chatte '' and `` le chien '' and write his name .\\nSome schools were technical -- the Belgians needed carpenters and mechanics to help exploit the land , and trained many .\\nBut they did not believe in widespread secondary education , much less in college .\\nIt was their conviction that the people should be `` brought up together '' , a grade at a time , until in some indefinite future some might be ready to tackle history , economics and political science .\\nIndeed , the Belgians discouraged higher education , fearing the creation of a native intellectual elite which might cause unrest .\\nWhen the Congo received its independence in 1960 there were , among its 13.5 million people , exactly 14 university graduates .\\nWhy did the Belgians grant independence to a colony so manifestly unprepared to accept it ? ?\\nIn one large oversimplification , it might be said that the Belgians felt , far too late , the gale of nationalism sweeping Africa .\\nThey lacked time to prepare the Congo , as the British and French had prepared their colonies .\\nThe Congolese were clamoring for their independence , even though most were unsure what it meant ; ;\\nand in Brussels , street crowds shouted , `` Pas une goutte de sang ! !\\n'' ( Not one drop of blood ! !\\n) .\\nThe Belgians would not fight for the privilege of being the detested pedagogue ; ;\\nrather than teach where teaching was not wanted , they would wash their hands of the mess .\\nIt is hard to blame them for this .\\nYet there were other motivations and actions which the Belgians took after independence for which history may not find them guiltless .\\nAs the time for independence approached there were in the Congo no fewer than 120 political parties , or approximately eight for each university graduate .\\nThere were four principal ones .\\nFirst , there were those Congolese ( among them Joseph Kasavubu ) who favored splitting the country into small independent states , Balkanizing it .\\nSecond , there were those ( Moise Tshombe ) who favored near-Balkanization , a loose federalism having a central government of limited authority , with much power residing in the states .\\nThird , there were those ( notably Patrice Lumumba ) who favored a unified Congo with a very strong central government .\\nAnd fourth , there were moderates who were in no hurry for independence and wished to wait until the Congo grew up .\\nHowever , the positions of all parties and leaders were constantly shifting .\\nA final factor which contributed greatly to the fragmentation of the Congo , immediately after independence , was the provincial structure that had been established by the Belgians for convenience in administration .\\nThey had divided the Congo into six provinces -- Leopoldville , Kasai , Kivu , Katanga , Equator and Eastern -- unfortunately with little regard for ethnic groupings .\\nThus some provinces contained tribes which detested each other , and to them independence meant an opportunity for war .\\nThe Belgian Congo was granted its independence with what seemed a workable Western-style form of government : there were to be a president and a premier , and a bicameral legislature elected by universal suffrage in the provinces .\\nWell-wishers around the world hoped that the Congo would quickly assume a respectable position in the society of nations .\\nIf internal frictions arose , they could be handled by the 25,000-man Congolese army , the Force Publique , which had been trained and was still officered by white Belgians .\\nThe president , Joseph Kasavubu , seemed an able administrator and the premier , Patrice Lumumba , a reasonable man .\\nTwenty-four hours after independence the wild tribesmen commenced fighting each other .\\nPresently the well-armed members of the Force Publique -- many of them drawn from savage and even cannibalistic tribes , erupted in mutiny , rioting , raping and looting .\\nTerror engulfed the thousands of Belgian civilians who had remained in the country .\\nThe Belgian government decided to act , and on July 10 dispatched paratroops to the Congo .\\nOn July 11 the head of the mineral-rich province of Katanga , Moise Tshombe , announced that his province had seceded from the country .\\nConfusion became chaos ; ;\\neach succeeding day brought new acts of violence .\\nLumumba and Kasavubu blamed it all on the military intervention by the Belgians , and appealed to the United Nations to send troops to oust them .\\nOn July 14 the Security Council -- with France and Great Britain abstaining -- voted the resolution which drew the U.N. into the Congo .\\nVague in wording , it called for withdrawal of Belgian troops and authorized the Secretary-General `` to take the necessary steps to provide the ( Congolese ) Government with such military assistance as may be necessary , until , through the efforts of the Congolese Government with the technical assistance of the United Nations , the national security forces may be able , in the opinion of the Government , to meet fully their tasks .\\n''\\nSecretary-General Hammarskjold decided that it would be preferable if the U.N. troops sent into the Congo were to come from African , or at least nonwhite , nations -- certainly not from the U.S. , Russia , Great Britain or France .\\nHe quickly called on Ghana , Tunisia , Morocco , Guinea and Mali , which dispatched troops within hours .\\nUltimately the U.N. army in the Congo reached a top strength of 19,000 , including about 5,000 from India and a few soldiers from Eire and Sweden , who were the only whites .\\nIt took the U.N. three months to bring a modest form of order to the Congo .\\nThe Belgians were reluctant to withdraw their troops and often obstructed U.N. efforts .\\nThe wildly erratic nature of Patrice Lumumba caused constant problems -- he frequently announced that he wanted the U.N. to get out of the Congo along with the Belgians , and appealed to Russia for help .\\n( However , there is little evidence that the late Lumumba was a Communist .\\nBefore appealing to the U.N. or to Russia , he first appealed to the U.S. for military help , and was rejected .\\n) Lumumba further complicated the U.N.'s mission by initiating small `` wars '' with the secessionist province of Katanga and with South Kasai which , under Albert Kalonji , wanted to secede as well .\\nMeanwhile Russia took every opportunity to meddle in the Congo , sending Lumumba equipment for his `` wars '' , dispatching `` technicians '' and even threatening , on occasion , to intervene openly .\\nBut by the end of the three-month period , in October 1960 , something approaching calm settled on the Congo .\\nPresident Kasavubu became exasperated with Lumumba and fired him .\\nLumumba fired Kasavubu .\\nControl of the government -- such control as there was and such government as there was -- passed into the hands of Joseph Mobutu , chief of staff of the Congolese army .\\nMobutu promptly flung out the Russians , who have not since played any significant part on the local scene , although they have redoubled their obstructionist efforts at U.N. headquarters in New York .\\nThe Belgians -- at least officially -- departed from the Congo as well , withdrawing all of their uniformed troops .\\nBut they left behind them large numbers of officers , variously called `` volunteers '' or `` mercenaries '' , who now staff the army of Moise Tshombe in Katanga , the seceded province which , according to Tshombe , holds 65% of the mineral wealth of the entire country .\\nFrom October 1960 to February 1961 , the U.N. forces in the Congo took little action .\\nThere was no directive for it -- the Security Council's resolution had not mentioned political matters , and in any case the United Nations by the terms of its charter may not interfere in the political affairs of any nation , whether to unify it , federalize it or Balkanize it .\\nDuring the five-month lull , civil war smoldered and flickered throughout the Congo .\\nIn February the murder of Patrice Lumumba , who had been kidnaped into Katanga and executed on order of Tshombe , again stirred the U.N. to action .\\nOn Feb. 21 the council passed another resolution urging the taking of `` all appropriate measures to prevent the occurrence of civil war in the Congo , including the use of force , if necessary , in the last resort '' .\\nAlthough the resolution might have been far more specific , it was considerably tougher than the earlier one .\\nIt also urged that the U.N. eject , and prevent the return of , all Belgian and other foreign military and political advisers ; ;\\nordered an investigation of Lumumba's death ; ;\\nurged the reconvention of the Congolese Parliament and the reorganization of the army .\\nThe presidency : talking and listening\\nThough President John F. Kennedy was primarily concerned with the crucial problems of Berlin and disarmament adviser McCloy's unexpected report from Khrushchev , his new enthusiasm and reliance on personal diplomacy involved him in other key problems of U.S. foreign policy last week .\\nHigh up on the President's priority list was the thorny question of Bizerte .\\nOn this issue , the President received a detailed report from his U.N. Ambassador Adlai Stevenson , who had just returned from Paris , and Mr. Kennedy asked Stevenson to search for a face-saving way -- for both Paris and Tunis -- out of the imbroglio .\\nIdeally , the President would like the French to agree on a `` status quo ante '' on Bizerte , and accept a new timetable for withdrawing their forces from the Mediterranean base .\\nTo continue their important conversations about the Tunisian issue and the whole range of other problems , Mr. Kennedy invited Stevenson to Cape Cod for the weekend .\\nThe President also discussed the Bizerte deadlock with the No. 2 man in the Tunisian Government , Defense Minister Bahi Ladgham , who flew to Washington last week to seek U.S. support .\\nThe conversation apparently convinced Mr. Kennedy that the positions of France and Tunisia were not irreconcilable .\\nThrough Ladgham , Mr. Kennedy sent a message along those lines to Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba ; ;\\nand one U.S. official said : `` The key question now is which side picks up the phone first '' .\\nOn the Latin American front , the President held talks with Secretary of the Treasury Douglas Dillon before sending him to Uruguay and the Inter-American Economic and Social Council ( which the President himself had originally hoped to attend ) .\\nMain purpose of the meeting : To discuss President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress .\\nAnd that was not all .\\nIn conferences with Nationalist China's dapper , diminutive Vice President Chen Cheng , Mr. Kennedy assured Chiang Kai-shek's emissary that the U.S. is as firmly opposed as ever to the admission of Red China to the United Nations .\\nChen was equally adamant in his opposition to the admission of Outer Mongolia ; ;\\nhowever the President , who would like to woo the former Chinese province away from both Peking and Moscow , would promise Chen nothing more than an abstention by the U.S. if Outer Mongolia's admission comes to a vote .\\nThe President also conferred with emissaries from Guatemala and Nepal who are seeking more foreign aid .\\nTo Africa , he sent his most trusted adviser , his brother , Attorney General Robert Kennedy , on a good-will mission to the Ivory Coast .\\nAll week long the President clearly was playing a larger personal role in foreign affairs ; ;\\nin effect , he was practicing what he preached in his Berlin message two weeks ago when he declared : `` We shall always be prepared to discuss international problems with any and all nations that are willing to talk , and listen , with reason '' .\\nCrime : ' skyjacked '\\nFrom International Airport in Los Angeles to International Airport in Houston , as the great four-jet Boeing 707 flies , is a routine five hours and 25 minutes , including stopovers at Phoenix , El Paso , and San Antonio .\\nWhen Continental Airlines night-coach Flight 54 took off at 11:30 one night last week , there was no reason to think it would take any longer .\\nThe plane put down on schedule at 1:35 a.m. in Phoenix .\\nThirty-one minutes later , when it took off for El Paso , hardly anyone of the crew of six or the 65 other passengers paid any attention to the man and teen-age boy who had come aboard .\\nAt 3:57 a.m. , with the plane about twenty minutes out of El Paso , passenger Robert Berry , a San Antonio advertising man , glanced up and saw the man and boy , accompanied by a stewardess , walking up the aisle toward the cockpit .\\n`` The man was bent over with his hand on his stomach '' , Berry said .\\n`` I figured he was sick '' .\\nJohn Salvador , a farmer from Palm Desert , Calif. , was sitting up front and could see through the door as the trio entered the cockpit .\\n`` The kid had a automatic , like they issue in the Army '' , he said .\\n`` The other fellow had a '' .\\nSalvador saw the youth hold his against the head of stewardess Lois Carnegey ; ;\\nthe man put his at the head of Capt. Byron D. Rickards .\\nTo Rickards , a 52-year-old veteran 30 years in the air , it was an old story : His plane was being hijacked in mid-flight again much as it had happened in 1930 , when Peruvian rebels made him land a Ford tri-motor at Arequipa .\\nBut last week's pirates , like the Cuban-American who recently hijacked an Eastern Airlines Electra ( Newsweek , Aug. 7 ) , wanted to go to Havana .\\nStalling :\\n`` Tell your company there are four of us here with guns '' , the elder man told Rickards .\\nThe pilot radioed El Paso International Airport with just that message .\\nBut , he told the `` skyjackers '' , the 707 didn't carry enough fuel to reach Havana ; ;\\nthey would have to refuel at El Paso .\\nMost passengers didn't know what had happened until they got on the ground .\\nJerry McCauley of Sacramento , Calif. , one of some twenty Air Force recruits on board , awoke from a nap in confusion .\\n`` The old man came from the front of the plane and said he wanted four volunteers to go to Cuba '' , McCauley said , `` and like a nut I raised my hand .\\nI thought he was the Air Force recruiter '' .\\nWhat the man wanted was four persons to volunteer as hostages , along with the crew .\\nThey chose four : Jack Casey , who works for Continental Airlines in Houston ; ;\\nFred Mullen from Mercer Island , Wash. ; ;\\nPfc. Truman Cleveland of St. Augustine .\\nFla. , and Leonard Gilman , a former college boxer and veteran of the U.S. Immigration Service Border Patrol .\\nEverybody else was allowed to file off the plane after it touched down at El Paso at 4:18 a.m. .\\nThey found a large welcoming group -- El Paso policemen , Border Patrol , sheriff's deputies , and FBI men , who surged around the plane with rifles and submachine guns .\\nOther FBI men , talking with the pilot from the tower , conspired with him to delay the proposed flight to Havana .\\nThe ground crew , which ordinarily fuels a 707 in twenty minutes , took fully three hours .\\nStill more time was consumed while the pilot , at the radioed suggestion of Continental president Robert Six , tried to persuade the armed pair to swap the Boeing jet for a propeller-driven Douglas Aj .\\nActually , the officers on the ground had no intention of letting the hijackers get away with any kind of an airplane ; ;\\nthey had orders to that effect straight from President Kennedy , who thought at first , as did most others , that it was four followers of Cuba's Fidel Castro who had taken over the 707 .\\nMr. Kennedy had been informed early in the day of the attempt to steal the plane , kept in touch throughout by telephone .\\nAt one time , while still under the impression that he was dealing with a Cuban plot , the President talked about invoking a total embargo on trade with Cuba .\\nAs the morning wore on and a blazing West Texas sun wiped the shadows off the Franklin Mountains , police got close enough to the plane to pry into the baggage compartment .\\nFrom the luggage , they learned that the two air pirates , far from being Cubans , were native Americans , subsequently identified as Leon Bearden , 50-year-old ex-convict from Coolidge , Ariz. , and his son , Cody , 16 , a high-school junior .\\nTension\\nThe heat and strain began to tell on the Beardens .\\nThe father , by accident or perhaps to show , as he said , `` we mean business '' , took the and fired a slug between the legs of Second Officer Norman Simmons .\\nAt 7:30 a.m. , more than three hours after landing , the Beardens gave an ultimatum :\\nTake off or see the hostages killed .\\nThe tower cleared the plane for take-off at 8 a.m. , and Captain Rickards began taxiing toward the runway .\\nSeveral police cars , loaded with armed officers , raced alongside , blazing away at the tires of the big jet .\\nThe slugs flattened ten tires and silenced one of the inboard engines ; ;\\nthe plane slowed to a halt .\\nAmbulances , baggage trucks , and cars surrounded it .\\nThe day wore on .\\nAt 12:50 p.m. a ramp was rolled up to the plane .\\nA few minutes later , FBI agent Francis Crosby , talking fast , eased up the ramp to the plane , unarmed .\\nWhile Crosby distracted the Beardens , stewardesses Carnegey and Toni Besset dropped out of a rear door .\\nSo did hostages Casey , Cleveland , and Mullen .\\nThat left only the four crew members , Crosby , and Border Patrolman Gilman , all unarmed , with the Beardens .\\nThe elder Bearden had one pistol in his hand , the other in a hip pocket .\\nGilman started talking to him until he saw his chance .\\nHe caught officer Simmons' eye , nodded toward young Bearden , and -- `` I swung my right as hard as I could .\\nSimmons and Crosby jumped the boy and it was all over '' .\\nFrog-marched off the airplane at 1:48 p.m. , the Beardens were held in bail of $100,000 each on charges of kidnapping and transporting a stolen plane across state lines .\\n( Bearden reportedly hoped to peddle the plane to Castro , and live high in Cuba .\\n) Back home in Coolidge , Ariz. , his 36-year-old wife , Mary , said : `` I thought they were going to Phoenix to look for jobs '' .\\nCongress : more muscle\\nTaking precedence over all other legislation on Capitol Hill last week was the military strength of the nation .\\nThe Senate put other business aside as it moved with unaccustomed speed and unanimity to pass -- 85 to 0 -- the largest peacetime defense budget in U.S. history .\\nWith the money all but in hand , however , the Administration indicated that , instead of the 225,000 more men in uniform that President Kennedy had requested , the armed forces would be increased by only 160,000 .\\nThe `` hold-back '' , as Pentagon mutterers labeled it , apparently was a temporary expedient intended to insure that the army services are built up gradually and , thus , the new funds spent prudently .\\nIn all , the Senate signed a check for $46.7 billion , which not only included the extra $3.5 billion requested the week before by President Kennedy , but tacked on $754 million more than the President had asked for .\\n( The Senate , on its own , decided to provide additional B-52 and other long-range bombers for the Strategic Air Command .\\n) The House , which had passed its smaller appropriation before the President's urgent call for more , was expected to go along with the increased defense budget in short order .\\nIn other areas , Congressional action last week included :\\nThe Senate ( by voice vote ) and the House ( by 224-170 ) passed and sent to the White House the compromise farm bill which the President is expected to sign , not too unhappily .\\nThe Senate also voted $5.2 billion to finance the government's health , welfare , and labor activities .\\nDebate on the all-important foreign-aid bill , with its controversial long-range proposals , had just begun on the Senate floor at the weekend .\\nWhite House legislative aides were still confident the bill would pass intact .\\nFood : stew a la Mulligatawny\\nMost members of the U.S. Senate , because they are human , like to eat as high on the hog as they can .\\nBut , because they are politicians , they like to talk as poor-mouth as the lowliest voter .\\nAs a result , ever since 1851 when the Senate restaurant opened in the new wing of the Capitol Building , the senators have never ceased to grumble about the food -- even while they opposed every move that might improve it .\\nOver the years , enlivened chiefly by disputes about the relative merits of Maine and Idaho potatoes , the menu has pursued its drab all-American course .\\nIndividual senators , with an eye to the voters back home , occasionally introduced smelts from Michigan , soft-shell crabs from Maryland , oysters from Washington , grapefruit from Florida .\\nBut plain old bean soup , served daily since the turn of the century ( at the insistence of the late Sen. Fred Dubois of Idaho ) , made clear to the citizenry that the Senate's stomach was in the right place .\\nIn a daring stroke , the Senate ventured forth last week into the world of haute cuisine and hired a $10,000-per-year French-born maitre d'hotel .\\nHolders of toll-road bonds are finding improvements in monthly reports on operation of the turnpikes .\\nLong-term trend of traffic on these roads seems clearly upward .\\nHigher toll rates also are helping boost revenues .\\nResult is a better prospect for a full payoff by bonds that once were regarded as highly speculative .\\nThings are looking up these days for many of the State turnpikes on which investors depend for income from their toll-road bonds .\\nTraffic on nearly all the turnpikes has been growing .\\nThat added traffic means rising streams of dimes and quarters at toll gates .\\nAs a result of the new outlook for turnpikes , investors who bought toll-road bonds when these securities ranked as outright speculations are now finding new hope for their investments .\\nAnother result is that buyers are tending to bid up the prices of these tax-exempt bonds .\\nOther tax-exempt bonds of State and local governments hit a price peak on February 21 , according to Standard & Poor's average .\\nOn balance , prices of those bonds have slipped a bit since then .\\nHowever , in the same three-month period , toll-road bonds , as a group , have bucked this trend .\\nOn these bonds , price rises since February 21 easily outnumber price declines .\\nTax-free returns .\\nInvestors , however , still see an element of more-than-ordinary risk in the toll-road bonds .\\nYou find the evidence of that in the chart on this page .\\nMany of the toll-road bonds still are selling at prices that offer the prospect of an annual yield of 4 per cent , or very close to that .\\nAnd this is true in the case of some turnpikes on which revenues have risen close to , or beyond , the point at which the roads start to pay all operating costs plus annual interest on the bonds .\\nThat 4 per cent yield is well below the return to be had on good corporation bonds .\\nIt's not much more , in fact , than the return that is offered on U. S. Treasury bonds .\\nFor investors whose income is taxed at high rates , though , a tax-free yield of 4 per cent is high .\\nIt is the equivalent of 8 per cent for an unmarried investor with more than $16,000 of income to be taxed , or for a married couple with more than $32,000 of taxed income .\\nSwelling traffic .\\nA new report on the earnings records of toll roads in the most recent 12-month period -- ending in February or March -- shows what is happening .\\nThe report is based on a survey by Blyth & Company , investment bankers .\\nNearly all the turnpikes show gains in net revenues during the period .\\nAnd there is the bright note : The gains were achieved in the face of temporary traffic lags late in 1960 and early in 1961 as a result of business recession .\\nMany of the roads also were hit by an unusually severe winter .\\nIndication : The long-term trend of turnpike traffic is upward .\\nLook , for example , at the Ohio Turnpike .\\nTraffic on that road slumped sharply in January and February , as compared with those same months in 1960 .\\nThen March brought an 18 per cent rise in net revenues -- after operating costs .\\nAs a result , the road's net revenues in the 12 months ending March 31 were 186 per cent of the annual interest payments on the turnpike bonds .\\nThat was up from 173 per cent in the preceding 12 months .\\nThat same pattern of earnings shows up on the Massachusetts Turnpike .\\nOperating revenues were off in the first three months of 1961 , but up for the 12 months ending in March .\\nCosts were held down , despite a bitter winter .\\nFor the year , the road earned 133 per cent of its interest costs , against 121 per cent in the preceding period .\\nThe road's engineers look for further improvement when the turnpike is extended into Boston .\\nSlow successes .\\nSome turnpikes have not been in full operation long enough to prove what they can do .\\nThe 187-mile Illinois State Toll Highway , for example , was not opened over its entire length until December , 1958 .\\nIn the 12 months ended in February , 1960 , the highway earned enough to cover 64 per cent of its interest load -- with the remainder paid out of initial reserves .\\nIn the 12 months ended in February , 1961 , this highway earned 93 per cent of its interest .\\nThat improvement is continuing .\\nIn the first two months of 1961 , earnings of the Illinois highway available for interest payments were up 55 per cent from early 1960 .\\nSuccess , for many turnpikes , has come hard .\\nTraffic frequently has failed to measure up to engineers' rosy estimates .\\nIn these cases , the turnpike managements have had to turn to toll-rate increases , or to costly improvements such as extensions or better connections with other highways .\\nMany rate increases already have been put into effect .\\nHigher tolls are planned for July 1 , 1961 , on the Richmond-Petersburg , Va. , Turnpike , and proposals for increased tolls on the Texas Turnpike are under study .\\nEasier access .\\nProgress is being made , too , in improving motorists' access to many turnpikes .\\nThe Kansas Turnpike offers an illustration .\\nNet earnings of that road rose from 62 per cent of interest requirements in calendar 1957 to 86 per cent in the 12 months ended Feb. 28 , 1961 .\\nFurther improvements in earnings of the Kansas Turnpike are expected late in 1961 , with the opening of a new bypass at Wichita , and still later when the turnpike gets downtown connections in both Kansas City , Kans. , and Kansas City , Mo. .\\nMeanwhile , there appears to be enough money in the road's reserve fund to cover the interest deficiency for eight more years .\\nFor some roads , troubles .\\nInvestors studying the toll-road bonds for opportunities find that not all roads are nearing their goals .\\nTraffic and revenues on the Chicago Skyway have been a great disappointment to planners and investors alike .\\nIf nothing is done , the prospect is that that road will be in default of interest in 1962 .\\nWest Virginia toll bonds have defaulted in interest for months , and , despite recent improvement in revenues , holders of the bonds are faced with more of the same .\\nThese , however , are exceptions .\\nThe typical picture at this time is one of steady improvement .\\nIt's going to take time for investors to learn how many of the toll-road bonds will pay out in full .\\nAlready , however , several of the turnpikes are earning enough to cover interest requirements by comfortable margins .\\nMany others are attracting the traffic needed to push revenues up to the break-even point .\\nA top American official , after a look at Europe's factories , thinks the U.S. is in a `` very serious situation '' competitively .\\nCommerce Secretary Luther Hodges , accompanied by a member of our staff , on May 10 toured plants of two of Italy's biggest companies -- Fiat , the auto producer , and Olivetti , maker of typewriters and calculating machines .\\nOur staff man cabled from Turin as follows --\\n`` Follow Secretary Hodges through the Fiat plant , and you learn this :\\n`` One , modern equipment -- much of it supplied under the Marshall Plan -- enables Fiat to turn out 2,100 cars a day .\\nAbout half of these are exported .\\n`` Two , wage costs are a fraction of the U.S. costs .\\nA skilled worker on the assembly line , for example , earns $37 a week .\\n`` Three , labor troubles are infrequent .\\nFiat officials say they have had no strikes for more than six years .\\n`` Said Secretary Hodges : ' It's a tough combination for the U.S. to face .\\n`` Olivetti had a special interest for Hodges .\\nOlivetti took over Underwood , the U.S. typewriter maker , in late 1959 .\\nWithin a year , without reducing wages , Underwood's production costs were cut one third , prices were slashed .\\nThe result has been that exports of Underwood products have doubled .\\n`` The Olivetti plant near Turin has modern layout , modern machinery .\\nThe firm is design-conscious , sales-conscious , advertising-conscious .\\n`` Hodges is trying to get more foreign business to go to the U.S. .\\nThe inflow of foreign capital would help the U.S. balance of payments .\\n`` Hodges predicted : ' I think we will see more foreign firms coming to the U.S. .\\nThere are many places where we can use their vigor and new ideas ' '' .\\nForeign competition has become so severe in certain textiles that Washington is exploring new ways of handling competitive imports .\\nThe recently unveiled Kennedy moves to control the international textile market can be significant for American businessmen in many lines .\\nImportant aspects of the Kennedy textile plans are these :\\nAn international conference of the big textile-importing and textile-exporting countries will be called shortly by President Kennedy .\\nChief aims of the proposed conference are worth noting .\\nThe U.S. will try to get agreement among the industrialized countries to take more textile imports from the less-developed countries over the years .\\nPoint is that developing countries often build up a textile industry first , need encouragement to get on their feet .\\nIf they have trouble exporting , international bill for their support will grow larger than it otherwise would .\\nIdea is to let these countries earn their way as much as possible .\\nAt the same time , another purpose of the conference will be to get certain low-wage countries to control textile exports -- especially dumping of specific products -- to high-wage textile-producing countries .\\nJapan , since 1957 , has been `` voluntarily '' curbing exports of textiles to the U.S. .\\nHong Kong , India and Pakistan have been limiting exports of certain types of textiles to Britain for several years under the `` Lancashire Pact '' .\\nNone of these countries is happy with these arrangements .\\nThe Japanese want to increase exports to the U.S. While they have been curbing shipments , they have watched Hong Kong step in and capture an expanding share of the big U.S. market .\\nHong Kong interests loudly protest limiting their exports to Britain , while Spanish and Portuguese textiles pour into British market unrestrictedly .\\nThe Indians and Pakistanis are chafing under similar restrictions on the British market for similar reasons .\\nThe Kennedy hope is that , at the conference or through bilateral talks , the low-wage textile-producing countries in Asia and Europe will see that `` dumping '' practices cause friction all around and may result in import quotas .\\nGradual , controlled expansion of the world's textile trade is what President Kennedy wants .\\nThis may point the way toward international stabilization agreements in other products .\\nIt's an important clue to Washington thinking .\\nNote , too , that the Kennedy textile plan looks toward modernization or shrinkage of the U.S. textile industry .\\n`` Get competitive or get out '' .\\nIn veiled terms , that's what the Kennedy Administration is saying to the American textile industry .\\nThe Government will help in transferring companies and workers into new lines , where modernization doesn't seem feasible .\\nSpecial depreciation on new textile machinery may be allowed .\\nGovernment research will look into new products and methods .\\nImport quotas aren't ruled out where the national interest is involved .\\nBut the Kennedy Administration doesn't favor import quotas .\\nRather , they are impressed with the British Government's success in forcing -- and helping -- the British textile industry to shrink and to change over to other products .\\nWhat's happening in textiles can be handwriting on the wall for other lines having difficulty competing with imports from low-wage countries .\\nAmong the highest-paid workers in the world are U.S. coal miners .\\nYet U.S. coal is cheap enough to make foreign steelmakers' mouths water .\\nSteel Company of Wales , a British steelmaker , wants to bring in Virginia coal , cut down on its takings of Welsh coal in order to be able to compete more effectively -- especially in foreign markets .\\nVirginia coal , delivered by ship in Wales , will be about $2.80 a ton cheaper than Welsh coal delivered by rail from nearby mines .\\nU.S. coal is cheap , despite high wages , because of widespread mechanization of mines , wide coal seams , attactive rates on ocean freight .\\nMany of the coal seams in the nationalized British mines are twisting , narrow and very deep .\\nProductivity of U.S. miners is twice that of the British .\\nWelsh coal miners , Communist-led , are up in arms at the suggestion that the steel company bring in American coal .\\nThey threaten to strike .\\nThe British Government will have to decide whether to let U.S. coal in .\\nThe British coal industry is unprofitable , has large coal stocks it can't sell .\\nEvery library borrower , or at least those whose taste goes beyond the five-cent fiction rentals , knows what it is to hear the librarian say apologetically , `` I'm sorry , but we don't have that book .\\nThere wouldn't be much demand for it , I'm afraid '' .\\nBehind this reply , and its many variations , is the ever-present budget problem all libraries must face , from the largest to the smallest .\\nWhat to buy out of the year's grist of nearly 15,000 book titles ? ?\\nWhat to buy for adult and child readers , for lovers of fiction and nonfiction , for a clientele whose wants are incredibly diversified , when your budget is pitifully small ? ?\\nMost library budgets are hopelessly inadequate .\\nA startlingly high percentage do not exceed $500 annually , which includes the librarian's salary , and not even the New York Public has enough money to meet its needs -- this in the world's richest city .\\nThe plight of a small community library is proportionately worse .\\nConfronted with this situation , most libraries either endure the severe limitations of their budgets and do what they can with what they have , or else depend on the bounty of patrons and local governments to supplement their annual funds .\\nIn some parts of the country , however , a co-operative movement has begun to grow , under the wing of state governments , whereby , with the financial help of the state , libraries share their book resources on a county-wide or regional basis .\\nNew York State has what is probably the most advanced of these co-operative systems , so well developed that it has become a model for others to follow .\\nBecause it is so large a state , with marked contrasts in population density , the organization of the New York co-operative offers a cross-section of how the plan works .\\nAt one extreme are the systems of upper New York State , where libraries in two or more counties combine to serve a large , sparsely populated area .\\nAt the other are organizations like the newly formed Nassau Library System , in a high-density area , with ample resources and a rapidly growing territory to serve .\\nBoth these types , and those in between , are in existence by reason of a legislative interest in libraries that began at Albany as early as 1950 , with the creation by the legislature of county library systems financed by county governments with matching funds from the state .\\nIt was a step in the right direction , but it took an additional act passed in 1958 to establish fully the thriving systems of today .\\nUnder this law annual grants are given to systems in substantial amounts .\\nAn earlier difficulty was overcome by making it clear that individual libraries in any area might join or not , as they saw fit .\\nSome library boards are wary of the plan .\\nA large , well-stocked library , surrounded in a county by smaller ones , may feel that the demands on its resources are likely to be too great .\\nA small library may cherish its independence and established ways , and resist joining in a cooperative movement that sometimes seems radical to older members of the board .\\nWithin a system , however , the autonomy of each member library is preserved .\\nThe local community maintains responsibility for the financial support of its own library program , facilities , and services , but wider resources and additional services become available through membership in a system .\\nAll services are given without cost to members .\\nSo obvious are these advantages that nearly 95 per cent of the population of New York State now has access to a system , and enthusiastic librarians foresee the day , not too distant , when all the libraries in the state will belong to a co-op .\\nTo set up a co-operative library system , the law requires a central book collection of 100,000 nonfiction volumes as the nucleus , and the system is organized around it .\\nThe collection may be in an existing library , or it may be built up in a central collection .\\nEach system develops differently , according to the area it serves , but the universal goal is to pool the resources of a given area for maximum efficiency .\\nThe basic state grant is thirty cents for each person served , and there is a further book incentive grant that provides an extra twenty cents up to fifty cents per capita , if a library spends a certain number of dollars .\\nIn Nassau County , for example , the heavily settled Long Island suburb of New York City , the system is credited by the state with serving one million persons , a figure that has doubled since 1950 .\\nThis system , by virtue of its variety and size , offers an inclusive view of the plan in operation .\\nThe Nassau system recognizes that its major task it to broaden reference service , what with the constant expansion of education and knowledge , and the pressure of population growth in a metropolitan area .\\nThe need is for reference works of a more specialized nature than individual libraries , adequate to satisfy everyday needs , could afford .\\nNassau is currently building a central collection of reference materials in its Hempstead headquarters , which will reach its goal of 100,000 volumes by 1965 .\\nThe major part of this collection is in the central headquarters building , and the remainder is divided among five libraries in the system designated as subject centers .\\nBasic reference tools are the backbone of the collection , but there is also specialization in science and technology , an indicated weakness in local libraries .\\nOn microfilm , headquarters also has a file of the New York Times from its founding in 1851 to the present day , as well as bound volumes of important periodicals .\\nThe entire headquarters collection is available to the patrons of all members on interlibrary loans .\\nHeadquarters gets about 100 requests every day .\\nIt is connected by teletype with the State Library in Albany , which will supply any book to a system that the system itself cannot provide .\\nThe books are carried around by truck in canvas bags from headquarters to the other libraries .\\nEach subject center library was chosen because of its demonstrated strength in a particular area , which headquarters could then build upon .\\nEast Meadow has philosophy , psychology , and religion ; ;\\nFreeport houses social science , pure science , and language ; ;\\nhistory , biography , and education are centered in Hempstead ; ;\\nLevittown has applied science , business , and literature ; ;\\nwhile Hewlett-Woodmere is the repository of art , music , and foreign languages .\\nThe reference coordinator at headquarters also serves as a consultant , and is available to work with the local librarian in helping to strengthen local reference service .\\nThis kind of cooperation is not wholly new , of course .\\nPublic libraries in Nassau County have been lending books to each other by mail for a quarter-century , but the system enables this process to operate on an organized and far more comprehensive basis .\\nLocal libraries find , too , that the new plan saves tax dollars because books can be bought through the system , and since the system buys in bulk it is able to obtain larger discounts than would be available to an individual library .\\nThe system passes on these savings to its members .\\nFurther money is saved through economy in bookkeeping and clerical detail as the result of central billing .\\nBooks are not the only resource of the system .\\nSchools and community groups turn to the headquarters film library for documentary , art , and experimental films to show at libraries that sponsor local programs , and to organizations in member communities .\\nThe most recent film catalogue , available at each library , lists 110 titles presently in the collection , any of which may be borrowed without charge .\\nThis catalogue lists separately films suitable for children , young adults , or adults , although some classics cut across age groups , such as `` Nanook Of The North '' , `` The Emperor's Nightingale '' , and `` The Red Balloon '' .\\nWorkshops are conducted by the system's audio-visual consultant for the staffs of member libraries , teaching them the effective use of film as a library service .\\nThe system well understands that one of its primary responsibilities is to bring children and books together ; ;\\nconsequently an experienced children's librarian at headquarters conducts a guidance program designed to promote well-planned library activities , cooperating with the children's librarians in member libraries by means of individual conferences , workshops , and frequent visits .\\nHeadquarters has also set up a central juvenile book-review and book-selection center , to provide better methods of purchasing and selection .\\nSample copies of new books are on display at headquarters , where librarians may evaluate them by themselves or in workshop groups .\\nStory hours , pre-school programs , activities with community agencies , and lists of recommended reading are all in the province of the children's consultant .\\nHeadquarters of the Nassau system is an increasingly busy place these days , threatening to expand beyond its boundaries .\\nIn addition to the interlibrary loan service and the children's program , headquarters has a public relations director who seeks to get wider grassroots support for quality library service in the county ; ;\\nit prepares cooperative displays ( posters , booklists , brochures , and other promotional material ) for use in member libraries ; ;\\nit maintains a central exhibit collection to share displays already created and used ; ;\\nand it publishes Sum And Substance , a monthly newsletter , which reports the system's activities to the staffs and trustees of member libraries .\\nThe system itself is governed by a board of trustees , geographically representing its membership .\\nIn Nassau , as in other systems , the long-range objective is to bring the maximum service of libraries to bear on the schools , and on adult education in general .\\nLibrarians , a patient breed of men and women who have borne much with dedication , can begin to see results today .\\nLibrary use is multiplying daily , and the bulk of the newcomers are those maligned Americans , the teen-agers .\\nTo them especially the librarians , with the help of co-ops , hope they will never have to say , `` I'm sorry , we don't have that book '' .\\nToday , more than ever before , the survival of our free society depends upon the citizen who is both informed and concerned .\\nThe great advances made in recent years in Communist strength and in our own capacity to destroy require an educated citizenry in the Western world .\\nThe need for lifetime reading is apparent .\\nEducation must not be limited to our youth but must be a continuing process through our entire lives , for it is only through knowledge that we , as a nation , can cope with the dangers that threaten our society .\\nThe desire and ability to read are important aspects of our cultural life .\\nWe cannot consider ourselves educated if we do not read ; ;\\nif we are not discriminating in our reading ; ;\\nif we do not know how to use what we do read .\\nWe must not permit our society to become a slave to the scientific age , as might well happen without the cultural and spiritual restraint that comes from the development of the human mind through wisdom absorbed from the written word .\\nA fundamental source of knowledge in the world today is the book found in our libraries .\\nAlthough progress has been made in America's system of libraries it still falls short of what is required if we are to maintain the standards that are needed for an informed America .\\nThe problem grows in intensity each year as man's knowledge , and his capacity to translate such knowledge to the written word , continue to expand .\\nThe inadequacy of our library system will become critical unless we act vigorously to correct this condition .\\nThere are , for example , approximately 25,000,000 people in this country with no public library service and about 50,000,000 with inadequate service .\\nIn college libraries , 57 per cent of the total number of books are owned by 124 of 1,509 institutions surveyed last year by the U.S. Office of Education .\\nAnd over 66 per cent of the elementary schools with 150 or more pupils do not have any library at all .\\nIn every aspect of service -- to the public , to children in schools , to colleges and universities -- the library of today is failing to render vitally needed services .\\nOnly public understanding and support can provide that service .\\nThis is one of the main reasons for National Library Week , April 16-22 , and for its theme : `` For a richer , fuller life , read '' ! !\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "nltk_brown_corpus()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<p>The Function takes directory containing files or directly file path as first argument i.e repo. \n",
    "Second parameter specifies number of file to read from directory if <code>repo</code> is assigned with directory, i.e <code>num_articles</code>.\n",
    "By default it is set to 100 files.</p>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def read_filename(repo, num_articles=100):\n",
    "    files=[] #List\n",
    "    if os.path.isfile(repo):\n",
    "        files.append(repo)\n",
    "    elif os.path.isdir(repo):\n",
    "        files= [os.path.join(repo, f) for f in os.listdir(repo)[:num_articles] \n",
    "                if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(repo, f))]\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('Provide correct file/directory information')\n",
    "        return\n",
    "    return files  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def extract_file_content(filenames):\n",
    "    for file in filenames:\n",
    "        with open(file,'r') as fp:\n",
    "            yield fp.read().lower().replace('\\n',' ')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>Function return number of words in corpus </h4>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def num_of_words(corpus):\n",
    "    num_words=0\n",
    "    if isinstance(corpus, list): \n",
    "        for file_content in extract_file_content(corpus):\n",
    "            words=[word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(file_content) if word not in punct and word not in stop_words]\n",
    "            num_words+= len(words)\n",
    "    elif type(corpus) is str:\n",
    "        words=[word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(corpus) if word not in punct and word not in stop_words]\n",
    "        num_words = len(words)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('corpus error')\n",
    "    return num_words"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>Function return number of unique words (vocabulary size) in corpus </h4>\n",
    "<p><code>nltk.word_tokenizer(word_seq)</code> tokenizes a sentence into word list</p>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def num_of_unique_words(corpus):\n",
    "    words=[]\n",
    "    if isinstance(corpus, list):  \n",
    "        for file_content in extract_file_content(corpus):\n",
    "            words+=[word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(file_content) if word not in punct and word not in stop_words]\n",
    "    elif type(corpus) is str:\n",
    "        words=[word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(corpus) if word not in punct and word not in stop_words]\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('corpus error')\n",
    "    unique_words=set(words)\n",
    "    return len(unique_words)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>Function return number of sentences in the corpus </h4>\n",
    "<code>nltk.sent_tokenizer(word_seq)</code> tokenizes a raw text into sentence list"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def num_sentences(corpus):\n",
    "    num_sents=0\n",
    "    if isinstance(corpus, list):\n",
    "        for file_content in extract_file_content(corpus):\n",
    "            num_sents+=len(nltk.sent_tokenize(file_content))\n",
    "    elif type(corpus) is str:\n",
    "        num_sents = len(nltk.sent_tokenize(corpus))\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('corpus error')  \n",
    "    return num_sents"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>Function plot graph of rank vs. frequency of word in corpus </h4>\n",
    "<p><code>freq_dist</code> iis a dictionary object that stores the (key, value) pairs and maintain \n",
    "    the order of the key, value pair.</p>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def zipf_plot(freq_dist):\n",
    "    item=freq_dist.popitem()\n",
    "    freq_dist=dict(reversed(sorted(freq_dist.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])))\n",
    "    #plt.figure(figsize=(15,8))\n",
    "    plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10,5)\n",
    "    plt.rcParams['font.size'] = 10\n",
    "    plt.plot(list(range(1,len(freq_dist)+1)),np.log(list((freq_dist.values())))) \n",
    "    plt.xlabel('Word Rank')\n",
    "    plt.ylabel('log of Frequency')\n",
    "    plt.title(\"{0}_grams distribution plot\".format(len(item[0])))\n",
    "    plt.show()\n",
    "    return"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>Function return ngrams list of corpus</h4>\n",
    "<p><code>nltk.ngrams</code>: This function is available in nltk which require two arguments. \n",
    "First argument is list, which contains all corpus words and second argument is ngrams order (i.e 1 for unigrams, 2 for bigrams, 3 for trigrams) and returns list generator.\n",
    "</p>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def corpus_ngarms(corpus, ngram=1):\n",
    "    ngram_lst=[]\n",
    "    if isinstance(corpus, list):\n",
    "        for file_content in extract_file_content(corpus):\n",
    "            ngram_lst+=nltk.ngrams([word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(file_content) \n",
    "                                    if word not in punct and word not in stop_words], ngram)\n",
    "    elif type(corpus) is str:\n",
    "        ngram_lst+=nltk.ngrams([word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(corpus) \n",
    "                                    if word not in punct and word not in stop_words], ngram)\n",
    "                \n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('corpus error')\n",
    "    return ngram_lst"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>Function calculates ngrams frequency distribution in the corpus </h4>\n",
    "<p><code>defaultdict</code>: The dictionary stores the data in key, value pairs and \n",
    "when key is not available it insert the key with default value.</p>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def freq_dist(corpus, ngram=1):\n",
    "    freq_dist=defaultdict(int)\n",
    "    if isinstance(corpus, list):\n",
    "        for file_content in extract_file_content(corpus):\n",
    "            for w in nltk.ngrams([word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(file_content) \n",
    "                                  if word not in punct and word not in stop_words],ngram):\n",
    "                freq_dist[w]=freq_dist.get(w,0) + 1\n",
    "    elif type(corpus) is str:\n",
    "        for w in nltk.ngrams([word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(corpus) \n",
    "                                  if word not in punct and word not in stop_words],ngram):\n",
    "            freq_dist[w]=freq_dist.get(w,0) + 1\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('corpus error')\n",
    "    return freq_dist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>Function return top most commom ngrams in the corpus </h4>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def top_most_common_words(corpus, ngram=1, num_com_words=100):\n",
    "        freq_dist={}\n",
    "        temp=[]\n",
    "        if isinstance(corpus, list):\n",
    "            for file_content in extract_file_content(corpus):\n",
    "                for w in nltk.ngrams([word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(file_content) \n",
    "                                  if word not in punct and word not in stop_words],ngram):\n",
    "                    freq_dist[w]=freq_dist.get(w,0) + 1\n",
    "        elif type(corpus) is str:\n",
    "            for w in nltk.ngrams([word for word in nltk.word_tokenize(corpus) \n",
    "                                  if word not in punct and word not in stop_words],ngram):\n",
    "                freq_dist[w]=freq_dist.get(w,0) + 1\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            print('corpus error')\n",
    "            return\n",
    "        for i, item in enumerate(reversed(sorted(freq_dist.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]))):\n",
    "            temp.append(item)\n",
    "            if i >= num_com_words:\n",
    "                break\n",
    "        return temp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h4>Function return average number of words in the sentences</h4>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def avg_sent_len(filenames):\n",
    "    words=num_of_words(filenames)\n",
    "    sents=num_sentences(filenames)\n",
    "    return words/sents"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h3> Wikipedia Corpus Statistics</h3>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "filenames=read_filename('./wikipedia/', 1000)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#corpus_content=list(extract_file_conten(filenames))[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1000"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 25,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "len(filenames)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3665971"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_of_words(filenames)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "171725"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_of_unique_words(filenames)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1704404"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_sentences(filenames)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "24.6434812403632"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 21,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "avg_sent_len(filenames)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "f_dist=freq_dist(filenames,1)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 720x360 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "zipf_plot(f_dist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "#f_dist"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ngram_lst=corpus_ngarms(filenames, ngram=2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('azerbaijan', 'is'),\n",
       " ('is', 'a'),\n",
       " ('a', 'member'),\n",
       " ('member', 'of'),\n",
       " ('of', 'the'),\n",
       " ('the', 'united'),\n",
       " ('united', 'nations'),\n",
       " ('nations', 'the'),\n",
       " ('the', 'non-aligned'),\n",
       " ('non-aligned', 'movement'),\n",
       " ('movement', 'the'),\n",
       " ('the', 'organization'),\n",
       " ('organization', 'for'),\n",
       " ('for', 'security'),\n",
       " ('security', 'and'),\n",
       " ('and', 'cooperation'),\n",
       " ('cooperation', 'in'),\n",
       " ('in', 'europe'),\n",
       " ('europe', 'nato'),\n",
       " ('nato', \"'s\")]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "ngram_lst[:20]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(('of', 'the'), 36997),\n",
       " (('in', 'the'), 23591),\n",
       " (('to', 'the'), 11737),\n",
       " (('and', 'the'), 9844),\n",
       " (('on', 'the'), 6975),\n",
       " (('by', 'the'), 6455),\n",
       " (('with', 'the'), 5767),\n",
       " (('from', 'the'), 5455),\n",
       " (('for', 'the'), 5402),\n",
       " (('as', 'a'), 5231),\n",
       " (('as', 'the'), 4909)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "top_most_common_words(filenames, 2, 10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<h3>NLTK brown corpus Statistics</h3>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "corpus=brown_corpus_categories_text()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1023291"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_of_words(corpus)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "53713"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_of_unique_words(corpus)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "56587"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 30,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "num_sentences(corpus)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "18.0834997437574"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "avg_sent_len(corpus)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "f_dist=freq_dist(corpus, 2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 720x360 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "zipf_plot(f_dist)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(('the',), 62713),\n",
       " (('of',), 36080),\n",
       " (('and',), 27915),\n",
       " (('to',), 25732),\n",
       " (('a',), 21890),\n",
       " (('in',), 19540),\n",
       " (('that',), 10328),\n",
       " (('is',), 10100),\n",
       " (('was',), 9924),\n",
       " (('for',), 8841),\n",
       " (('The',), 7256)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "top_most_common_words(corpus, 1, 10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "Python 3",
   "language": "python",
   "name": "python3"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": {
    "name": "ipython",
    "version": 3
   },
   "file_extension": ".py",
   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
   "name": "python",
   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
   "version": "3.6.9"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 4
}