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@article{VanBuuren2011,
abstract = {The R package mice imputes incomplete multivariate data by chained equations. The software mice 1.0 appeared in the year 2000 as an S-PLUS library, and in 2001 as an R package. mice 1.0 introduced predictor selection, passive imputation and automatic pooling. This article documents mice 2.9, which extends the functionality of mice 1.0 in several ways. In mice 2.9, the analysis of imputed data is made completely general, whereas the range ofmodels under which pooling works is substantially extended. mice 2.9 adds new functionality for imputing multilevel data, automatic predictor selection, data handling, post-processing imputed values, specialized pooling routines, model selection tools, and diagnostic graphs. Imputation of categorical data is improved in order to bypass problems caused by perfect prediction. Special attention is paid to transformations, sum scores, indices and interactions using passive imputation, and to the proper setup of the predictor matrix. mice 2.9 can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archive Network. This article provides a hands-on, stepwise approach to solve applied incomplete data problems.},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
arxivId = {arXiv:1501.0228},
author = {{Van Buuren}, Stef and Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Karin},
doi = {10.1177/0962280206074463},
eprint = {arXiv:1501.0228},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/v45i03.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9067436771},
issn = {15487660},
journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
keywords = {chained equations,data,fully conditional specification,gibbs sampler,imputation,mice,multiple imputation,passive imputation,predictor selection,r},
mendeley-tags = {data,imputation,mice},
number = {3},
pages = {1--67},
pmid = {22289957},
title = {{Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations}},
url = {http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/fss/2010-0608-200146/UUindex.html},
volume = {45},
year = {2011}
}
@misc{melanie_tietje_2017_1059048,
author = {Tietje, Melanie and R{\"{o}}del, Mark-Oliver},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.1059048},
month = {nov},
title = {{Eryops1/supplement{\_}amphibian{\_}extinction{\_}risk}},
url = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1059048},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Signor1982,
author = {Signor, Philip W. and Lipps, Jere H.},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/Gradual{\_}extinction{\_}patterns{\_}and{\_}catastrophes{\_}in{\_}th.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Geological Society of America Special Papers},
pages = {291--296},
title = {{Gradual extinction patterns and catastrophes in the fossil record}},
volume = {190},
year = {1982}
}
@article{Hirschfeld2017,
author = {Hirschfeld, Mareike and R{\"{o}}del, Mark-Oliver},
doi = {10.1186/s12898-017-0135-y},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/s12898-017-0135-y.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1472-6785},
journal = {BMC Ecology},
keywords = {Forest degradation,Frogs,Life-history traits,Adapt,adaptation,extinction risk,forest degradation,frogs,life-history traits,tropics},
number = {1},
pages = {25},
publisher = {BioMed Central},
title = {{What makes a successful species? Traits facilitating survival in altered tropical forests}},
url = {http://bmcecol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12898-017-0135-y},
volume = {17},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Fritz2013,
abstract = {Current patterns of biological diversity are influenced by both historical and present-day factors, yet research in ecology and evolution is largely split between paleontological and neontological studies. Responding to recent calls for integration, we provide a conceptual framework that capitalizes on data and methods from both disciplines to investigate fundamental processes. We highlight the opportunities arising from a combined approach with four examples: (i) which mechanisms generate spatial and temporal variation in diversity; (ii) how traits evolve; (iii) what determines the temporal dynamics of geographical ranges and ecological niches; and (iv) how species-environment and biotic interactions shape community structure. Our framework provides conceptual guidelines for combining paleontological and neontological perspectives to unravel the fundamental processes shaping life on Earth.},
author = {Fritz, Susanne A. and Schnitzler, Jan and Eronen, Jussi T. and Hof, Christian and B{\"{o}}hning-Gaese, Katrin and Graham, Catherine H.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.004},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fritz et al. - 2013 - Diversity in time and space wanted dead and alive.pdf:pdf},
issn = {0169-5347},
journal = {Trends in Ecology {\&} Evolution},
month = {may},
number = {9},
pages = {509--516},
pmid = {23726658},
title = {{Diversity in time and space: wanted dead and alive.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23726658},
volume = {28},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Trochet2014,
abstract = {In the current context of climate change and landscape fragmentation, efficient conservation strategies require the explicit consideration of life history traits. This is particularly true for amphibians, which are highly threatened worldwide, composed by more than 7400 species, which is constitute one of the most species-rich vertebrate groups. The collection of information on life history traits is difficult due to the ecology of species and remoteness of their habitats. It is therefore not surprising that our knowledge is limited, and missing information on certain life history traits are common for in this species group. We compiled data on amphibian life history traits from literature in an extensive database with morphological and behavioral traits, habitat preferences and movement abilities for 86 European amphibian species (50 Anuran and 36 Urodela species). When it were available, we reported data for males, females, juveniles and tadpoles. Our database may serve as an important starting point for further analyses regarding amphibian conservation.},
author = {Trochet, Audrey and Moulherat, Sylvain and Calvez, Olivier and Stevens, Virginie M and Clobert, Jean and Schmeller, Dirk S},
doi = {10.3897/BDJ.2.e4123},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/BDJ{\_}article{\_}4123.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1314-2836$\backslash$r1314-2828},
issn = {1314-2828},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
number = {2},
pages = {e4123},
pmid = {25425939},
title = {{A database of life-history traits of European amphibians.}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4237922{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Elith2008,
abstract = {1. Ecologists use statistical models for both explanation and prediction, and need techniques that are flexible enough to express typical features of their data, such as nonlinearities and interactions. 2. This study provides a working guide to boosted regression trees (BRT), an ensemble method for fitting statistical models that differs fundamentally from conventional techniques that aim to fit a single parsimonious model. Boosted regression trees combine the strengths of two algorithms: regression trees (models that relate a response to their predictors by recursive binary splits) and boosting (an adaptive method for combining many simple models to give improved predictive performance). The final BRT model can be understood as an additive regression model in which individual terms are simple trees, fitted in a forward, stagewise fashion. 3. Boosted regression trees incorporate important advantages of tree-based methods, handling different types of predictor variables and accommodating missing data. They have no need for prior data transformation or elimination of outliers, can fit complex nonlinear relationships, and automatically handle interaction effects between predictors. Fitting multiple trees in BRT overcomes the biggest drawback of single tree models: their relatively poor predictive performance. Although BRT models are complex, they can be summarized in ways that give powerful ecological insight, and their predictive performance is superior to most traditional modelling methods. 4. The unique features of BRT raise a number of practical issues in model fitting. We demonstrate the practicalities and advantages of using BRT through a distributional analysis of the short-finned eel (Anguilla australis Richardson), a native freshwater fish of New Zealand. We use a data set of over 13 000 sites to illustrate effects of several settings, and then fit and interpret a model using a subset of the data. We provide code and a tutorial to enable the wider use of BRT by ecologists.},
author = {Elith, J. and Leathwick, J. R. and Hastie, T.},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01390.x},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/Elith{\_}et{\_}al-2008-Journal{\_}of{\_}Animal{\_}Ecology.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {1365-2656},
issn = {00218790},
journal = {Journal of Animal Ecology},
keywords = {Data mining,Machine learning,Model averaging,Random forests,Species distributions},
number = {4},
pages = {802--813},
pmid = {18397250},
title = {{A working guide to boosted regression trees}},
volume = {77},
year = {2008}
}
@phdthesis{Wiechmann_krebsi,
author = {Wiechmann, Marc Filip},
booktitle = {PhD Thesis},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wiechmann - 2004 - Diskussion des Materials aus den einzelnen Fundstellen.pdf:pdf},
keywords = {celtedens,krebsi},
mendeley-tags = {celtedens,krebsi},
pages = {77--87},
title = {{Albanerpetontidae (Lissamphibia) aus dem Mesozoikum der Iberischen Halbinsel und dem Neogen von S{\"{u}}ddeutschland}},
year = {2004}
}
@article{Wright2013,
author = {Wright, N. and Zahirovic, S. and M{\"{u}}ller, R. D. and Seton, M.},
doi = {10.5194/bg-10-1529-2013},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Wright et al. - 2013 - Towards community-driven paleogeographic reconstructions integrating open-access paleogeographic and paleobiology.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1726-4189},
journal = {Biogeosciences},
month = {mar},
number = {3},
pages = {1529--1541},
title = {{Towards community-driven paleogeographic reconstructions: integrating open-access paleogeographic and paleobiology data with plate tectonics}},
url = {http://www.biogeosciences.net/10/1529/2013/},
volume = {10},
year = {2013}
}
@book{knitr2,
address = {Boca Raton, Florida},
annote = {ISBN 978-1498716963},
author = {Xie, Yihui},
edition = {2nd},
publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC},
title = {{Dynamic Documents with {\{}R{\}} and knitr}},
url = {http://yihui.name/knitr/},
year = {2015}
}
@article{Ruland2016,
author = {Ruland, Florian and Jeschke, Jonathan M.},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.027},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/Ruland {\&} Jeschke 2017{\_}online{\_}early{\_}frogs{\_}threat-dependent{\_}traits.pdf:pdf;:home/mel/Work/paper/mmc2.xls:xls;:home/mel/Work/paper/mmc1.doc:doc},
issn = {00063207},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
keywords = {Amphibians,Conservation,Habitat breadth,IUCN Red List,Pet trade,Snout-vent length},
pages = {310--313},
publisher = {Elsevier B.V.},
title = {{Threat-dependent traits of endangered frogs}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320716309119},
volume = {206},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Kidwell2002,
abstract = {Advances in taphonomy and stratigraphy over the past two decades have dramatically improved our understanding of the causes, effects, and remedies of incompleteness in the fossil record for the study of evolution. Taphonomic research has focused on quantifying probabilities of preservation across taxonomic groups, the temporal and spatial resolution of fossil deposits, and secular changes in preservation over the course of the Phanerozoic. Stratigraphic research has elucidated systematic trends in the formation of sedimentary gaps and permanent stratigraphic records, the quantitative consequences of environmental change and variable rock accumulation rates over short and long timescales, and has benefited from greatly improved methods of correlation and absolute age determination. We provide examples of how these advances are transforming paleontologic investigations of the tempo and mode of morphologic change, phylogenetic analysis, and the environmental and temporal analysis of macroevolutionary patterns.},
author = {Kidwell, Susan M. and Holland, Steven M.},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.030602.152151},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/3069273.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0066-4162},
issn = {0066-4162},
journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
keywords = {extinction,paleobiology,speciation,stratigraphy,taphonomy},
number = {1},
pages = {561--588},
pmid = {1674},
title = {{The quality of the fossil record: implications for evolutionary analyses}},
url = {http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.030602.152151},
volume = {33},
year = {2002}
}
@article{Friedman2001,
abstract = {Function estimation/approximation is viewed from the perspective of numerical optimization in function space, rather than parameter space. A connection is made between stagewise additive expansions and steepest- descent minimization. A general gradient descent “boosting” paradigm is developed for additive expansions based on any fitting criterion. Specific algorithms are presented for least-squares, least absolute deviation, and Huber-M loss functions for regression, and multiclass logistic likelihood for classification. Special enhancements are derived for the particular case where the individual additive components are regression trees, and tools for interpreting such “TreeBoost” models are presented. Gradient boost- ing ofregression trees produces competitive, highly robust, interpretable procedures for both regression and classification, especially appropriate for mining less than clean data. Connections between this approach and the boosting methods ofFreund and Shapire and Friedman, Hastie and Tib- shirani are discussed.},
author = {Friedman, Jerome H},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/euclid.aos.1013203451 (1).pdf:pdf},
journal = {The Annals of Statistics},
keywords = {realtive influence},
mendeley-tags = {realtive influence},
number = {5},
pages = {1189--1232},
title = {{Greedy function approximation: a gradient boosting machine}},
volume = {29},
year = {2001}
}
@misc{RCoreTeam2017,
address = {Vienna, Austria},
author = {{R Core Team}},
institution = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
title = {{R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/}},
url = {https://www.r-project.org/},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Cooper2008,
author = {Cooper, Natalie and Bielby, Jon and Thomas, Gavin H. and Purvis, Andy},
doi = {10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00355.x},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cooper et al. - 2008 - Macroecology and extinction risk correlates of frogs.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1466-822X},
journal = {Global Ecology and Biogeography},
keywords = {amphibian,body size,clutch size,conservation,extinction risk,geographical,independent contrasts,range size,spatial autocorrelation},
month = {mar},
pages = {211--221},
title = {{Macroecology and extinction risk correlates of frogs}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00355.x},
volume = {17},
year = {2008}
}
@article{tihen1963,
author = {Tihen, J A and Chantnell, C J},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Tihen, Chantell - 2015 - Urodele Remains from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska Urodele Remains from the Valentine Formation of Nebras.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Copeia},
number = {3},
pages = {505--510},
title = {{Urodele remains from the Valentine Formation of Nebraska}},
volume = {1963},
year = {1963}
}
@article{Rouse1999,
abstract = {The potential for nitrate to affect amphibian survival was evaluated by examining the areas in North America where concentrations of nitrate in water occur above amphibian toxicity thresholds. Nitrogen pollution from anthropogenic sources enters bodies of water through agricultural runoff or percolation associated with nitrogen fertilization, livestock, precipitation, and effluents from industrial and human wastes. Environmental concentrations of nitrate in watersheds throughout North America range from {\textless} 1 to {\textgreater} 100 mg/L. Of the 8,545 water quality samples collected from states and provinces bordering the Great Lakes, 19.8{\%} contained nitrate concentrations exceeding those which can cause sublethal effects in amphibians. In the laboratory lethal and sublethal effects in amphibians are detected at nitrate concentrations between 2.5 and 100 mg/L. Furthermore, amphibian prey such as insects and predators of amphibians such as fish are also sensitive to these elevated levels of nitrate. From this we conclude that nitrate concentrations in some watersheds in North America are high enough to cause death and developmental anomalies in amphibians and impact other animals in aquatic ecosystems. In some situations, the use of vegetated buffer strips adjacent to water courses can reduce nitrogen contamination of surface waters. Ultimately, there is a need to reduce runoff, sewage effluent discharge, and the use of fertilizers, and to establish and enforce water quality guidelines for nitrate for the protection of aquatic organisms.},
author = {Rouse, Jeremy David and Bishop, Christine A. and Struger, John},
doi = {10.1289/ehp.99107799},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Rouse, Bishop, Struger - 1999 - Nitrogen pollution An assessment of its threat to amphibian survival.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0091-6765},
issn = {00916765},
journal = {Environmental Health Perspectives},
keywords = {Amphibians,Nitrate,Toxicity,Water quality},
number = {10},
pages = {799--803},
pmid = {10504145},
title = {{Nitrogen pollution: An assessment of its threat to amphibian survival}},
volume = {107},
year = {1999}
}
@book{Darwin,
author = {Darwin, Charles},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/originofspecies00darwuoft.pdf:pdf},
pages = {279--311},
publisher = {John Murray},
title = {{The origin of species}},
url = {https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/On{\_}the{\_}Origin{\_}of{\_}Species{\_}(1859)},
year = {1859}
}
@article{Hoffmann2008,
abstract = {Systematic conservation planning aims to identify comprehensive protected area net- works that together will minimize biodiversity loss. Importantly, conservation planners seek to deter- mine where to allocate limited resources first, particularly given the uneven spread of, and threats to, biodiversity. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species incorporates data not only on threats to species, but also on species distributions and ecolog- ical requirements. These temporal and spatial attributes, when combined with other datasets, have proven useful for determining the most urgent priority areas for conserving biodiversity, from the global level down to the scale of individual sites. Although many challenges remain, the increasing reliability and comprehensiveness of the IUCN Red List suggests that its role as a source of biodiver- sity data in systematic conservation planning is certain to expand dramatically.},
author = {Hoffmann, M and Brooks, TM and da Fonseca, GAB and Gascon, C and Hawkins, AFA and James, RE and Langhammer, P and Mittermeier, RA and Pilgrim, JD and Rodrigues, ASL and Silva, JMC},
doi = {10.3354/esr00087},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/n006p113.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1863-5407},
journal = {Endangered Species Research},
keywords = {biodiversity,conservation,conservation planning,iucn red list,of the publisher,permitted without written consent,protected areas,resale or republication not,threatened species},
number = {December 2008},
pages = {113--125},
title = {{Conservation planning and the IUCN Red List}},
url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v6/n2/p113-125/},
volume = {6},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Morais2013,
abstract = {Many species are classified as Data Deficient, because there is a knowledge gap about distribution range and population size and trends.This situation may be a problem in conservation, because the extinction risk of these species is unknown. In the present study, we analyzed all Brazilian anuran species classified as Data Deficient in the IUCN Red List to propose a method to know the conservation status of Data Deficient species. We used the time since species description coupled with the known current species distribution size to indicate the potential conservation status of Data Deficient species. We considered 231 Data Deficient anuran species in Brazil, in which most species (n=. 166 spp.) are newly described and restricted geographically (Group D). Group A (n=. 9 spp.) and C (n=. 18 spp.) were composed by species widely distributed and Group B (n=. 37 spp.) was composed by species described more than 50. years ago and geographically restricted. Data Deficient is not a threatened category, however it indicates a need to obtain more information about the species listed, but unfortunately financial resource is limited. We suggested that the species allocated in the group B in our analyses must be priorities in future studies, because it is possible that these are threatened. Our analysis used the amphibian anuran from Brazil as model to propose some action that may be useful to known the conservation status of Data Deficient species. {\textcopyright} 2013.},
author = {Morais, Alessandro R. and Siqueira, Mariana N. and Lemes, Priscila and Maciel, Natan M. and {De Marco}, Paulo and Brito, Daniel},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2013.06.010},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/1-s2.0-S0006320713001924-main.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0006-3207},
issn = {00063207},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
keywords = {Anuran,Brazil,Extinction risk,IUCN Red List},
pages = {98--102},
publisher = {Elsevier Ltd},
title = {{Unraveling the conservation status of data deficient species}},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.06.010},
volume = {166},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Howard2014,
abstract = {Aim To apply mathematical models to the task of predicting extinction risk for species currently listed as ‘Data Deficient' (DD) by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We demonstrate this approach by apply- ing it globally to amphibians, the vertebrate group recognized as being most extinction threatened and having the largest proportion of DD species. We combine model predictions with current extinction risk knowledge to highlight regions of greatest disparity between known and predicted risk, where potential species extinctions may be overlooked. Location Global. Methods Using global amphibian distribution data obtained from the IUCN and species trait data, we apply machine learning randomForest models to pre- dict extinction risk of DD species from life history traits, environmental vari- ables and habitat loss. These models are trained using data for species that have been assigned to an extinction risk category (other than DD) by the IUCN. We then combine predictions for DD species with IUCN assessment data in a GIS framework to highlight anomalies between current knowledge of amphibian extinction risk and our model predictions. Results We show that DD amphibian species are likely to be more threatened with extinction than their fully assessed counterparts. Regions in South Amer- ica, central Africa and North Asia are particularly at risk due to lack of species knowledge and higher extinction risk than currently recognized. Main conclusions Application of predictive models ranking regions and spe- cies most in need of primary research allows prioritization of limited resources in an informed context, minimizing risk of unnoticed species' extinction},
author = {Howard, Sam D. and Bickford, David P.},
doi = {10.1111/ddi.12218},
editor = {Ferrier, Simon},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Howard, Bickford - 2014 - Amphibians over the edge silent extinction risk of Data Deficient species(2).pdf:pdf;:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Howard, Bickford - 2014 - Amphibians over the edge silent extinction risk of Data Deficient species(3).pdf:pdf},
issn = {13669516},
journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
keywords = {anura,caudata,gymnophiona,iucn redlist,machine learning,predictive},
month = {jul},
number = {7},
pages = {837--846},
title = {{Amphibians over the edge: silent extinction risk of data deficient species}},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ddi.12218},
volume = {20},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Fox1982,
abstract = {Previously thought to be a salamander (Prosirenidae), Albanerpeton Estes and Hoffstetter (Jurassic to Miocene) possess no known features otherwise restricted to salamanders. Its salamander-like features are only those held in common with small limbed, non-saltatorial amphibians in general. In still other aspects (including feeding apparatus, dermal bones of the skull and anterior cervical vertebrae), Albanerpeton appears unique. Already well isolated from salamanders, Albanerpeton seems no nearer phyletically to any other known amphibians, from Devonian to Recent. The relationships of Albanerpeton are most consistently indicated by classification in its own family (Albanerpetontidae, new) and order (Allocaudata, new), perhaps referrable to the Lissamphibia.},
author = {Fox, Richard C. and Naylor, Bruce G.},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Fox, Naylor - 1982 - A reconsideration of the relationships of the fossil amphibian Albanerpeton.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences},
keywords = {Albanerpeton},
number = {1},
pages = {118--128},
title = {{A reconsideration of the relationships of the fossil amphibian Albanerpeton}},
volume = {19},
year = {1982}
}
@article{Purvis2000,
abstract = {What biological attributes predispose species to the risk of extinction? There are many hypotheses but so far there has been no systematic analysis for discriminating between them. Using complete phylogenies of contemporary carnivores and primates, we present, to our knowledge, the first comparative test showing that high trophic level, low population density, slow life history and, in particular, small geographical range size are all significantly and independently associated with a high extinction risk in declining species. These traits together explain nearly 50{\%} of the total between-species variation in extinction risk. Much of the remaining variation can be accounted for by external anthropogenic factors that affect species irrespective of their biology.},
author = {Purvis, Andy and Gittleman, John L. and Cowlishaw, Guy and Mace, Georgina M.},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Purvis et al. - 2000 - Predicting extinction risk in declining species.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
pages = {1947--1952},
title = {{Predicting extinction risk in declining species}},
url = {{\%}3CGo to},
volume = {267},
year = {2000}
}
@article{Mace1992,
author = {Mace, G. and Collar, N. and Cooke, J. and Gaston, K. and Ginsberg, J. and {Leader Williams}, N. and Maunder, M. and Milner-Gulland, E.J.},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/New RL criteria (1992).PDF:PDF},
journal = {Species},
pages = {16--22},
title = {{The development of new criteria for listing species on the IUCN Red List}},
volume = {19},
year = {1992}
}
@misc{FosFARbase,
author = {B{\"{o}}hme, Madelaine and Ilg, August},
title = {{fosFARbase. Database of Vertebrates: fossil Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds. www.wahre-staerke.com/}},
url = {www.wahre-staerke.com/},
urldate = {2016-07-18},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Lindsey1966,
author = {Lindsey, C. C.},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/2406584.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Evolution},
number = {4},
pages = {456--465},
title = {{Body sizes of poikilotherm vertebrates at different latitudes}},
volume = {20},
year = {1966}
}
@article{Chantell1971,
author = {Chantell, CJ},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Chantell - 1971 - Fossil amphibians from the Egelhoff local fauna in north-central Nebraska.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Contributions from the museum of paleontology},
number = {15},
pages = {239--246},
title = {{Fossil amphibians from the Egelhoff local fauna in north-central Nebraska}},
url = {http://141.213.232.243/handle/2027.42/48457},
volume = {23},
year = {1971}
}
@article{Jetz2015,
abstract = {In taxon-wide assessments of threat status many species remain not included owing to lack of data. Here, we present a novel spatial-phylogenetic statistical framework that uses a small set of readily available or derivable characteristics, including phylogenetically imputed body mass and remotely sensed human encroachment, to provide initial baseline predictions of threat status for data-deficient species. Applied to assessed mammal species worldwide, the approach effectively identifies threatened species and predicts the geographical variation in threat. For the 483 data-deficient species, the models predict highly elevated threat, with 69{\%} ‘at-risk' species in this set, compared with 22{\%} among assessed species. This results in 331 additional potentially threatened mammals, with elevated conservation importance in rodents, bats and shrews, and countries like Colombia, Sulawesi and the Philippines. These findings demonstrate the future potential for combining phylogenies and remotely sensed data with species distributions to identify species and regions of conservation concern.},
author = {Jetz, Walter and Freckleton, Robert P},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/20140016.full.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {ecology,environmental science},
month = {feb},
number = {1662},
title = {{Towards a general framework for predicting threat status of data-deficient species from phylogenetic, spatial and environmental information}},
url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/370/1662/20140016.abstract},
volume = {370},
year = {2015}
}
@book{Holman2003,
address = {Bloomington and Indianapolis},
author = {Holman, J. Alan},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Holman - 2003 - Fossil Frogs and toads of North America.pdf:pdf},
publisher = {Indiana University Press},
title = {{Fossil frogs and toads of North America}},
year = {2003}
}
@book{paleoherp_caudata,
address = {M{\"{u}}nchen},
author = {Estes, Richard},
editor = {Wellnhofer, Peter},
title = {{Handbook of Paleoherpetology - Part 2: Gymnophiona, Caudata}},
year = {1981}
}
@misc{Alroy2016,
address = {Fossilworks, the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystem database, and the Paleobiology Database.},
author = {Alroy, John and Butler, Richard J. and Carrano, Matthew T.},
publisher = {Fossilworks},
title = {{Taxonomic occurrences of Allocaudata, Amphibia, Anura, Caudata, Gymnophiona, Lepospondyli, and Temnospondyli recorded in the Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Available at: http://fossilworks.org. Last accessed 15 February 2016.}},
url = {http://fossilworks.org},
year = {2016}
}
@article{Sepkoski1981,
abstract = {Strong correlations between various local and global estimates of Phanerozoic marine diversity for taxa below the ordinal level indicate a single pattern of change underlying all data on fossil density. Geological time alone seems insufficient to explain all of the significant covariation among the data sets, and it is proposed that the common pattern in diversity reflects the signal from a real evolutionary phenomenon strong enough to overcome the biases inherent in the fossil record. {\textcopyright} 1981 Nature Publishing Group.},
author = {Sepkoski, J. John and Bambach, Richard K. and Raup, David M. and Valentine, James W.},
doi = {10.1038/293435a0},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/293435a0.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0028-0836},
issn = {0028-0836},
journal = {Nature},
number = {5832},
pages = {435--437},
title = {{Phanerozoic marine diversity and the fossil record}},
volume = {293},
year = {1981}
}
@article{Dietl2011,
abstract = {Geohistorical data and analyses are playing an increasingly important role in conservation biology practice and policy. In this review, we discuss examples of how the near-time and deep-time fossil record can be used to understand the ecological and evolutionary responses of species to changes in their environment. We show that beyond providing crucial baseline data, the conservation paleobiology perspective helps us to identify which species will be most vulnerable and what kinds of responses will be most common. We stress that inclusion of geohistorical data in our decision-making process provides a more scientifically robust basis for conservation policies than those dependent on short-term observations alone.},
annote = {Dietl, Gregory P
Flessa, Karl W
England
Trends Ecol Evol. 2011 Jan;26(1):30-7. Epub 2010 Oct 28.},
author = {Dietl, Georg P. and Flessa, Karl W.},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2010.09.010},
edition = {2010/11/03},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Dietl, Flessa - 2011 - Conservation paleobiology putting the dead to work.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0169-5347 (Print) 0169-5347 (Linking)},
journal = {Trends in Ecology and Evolution},
keywords = {*Interdisciplinary Studies,*Paleontology,Adaptation,Animals,Conservation of Natural Resources/*methods,Geological Processes,Physiological},
language = {eng},
number = {1},
pages = {30--37},
pmid = {21035892},
title = {{Conservation paleobiology: putting the dead to work}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21035892},
volume = {26},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Williams1998,
author = {Williams, Stephen E. and Hero, Jean-Marc},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/9881468.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {body size,habitat,lotic,stream},
mendeley-tags = {body size,habitat,lotic,stream},
pages = {597--602},
title = {{Rainforest frogs of the Australian wet tropics: guild classification and the ecological similarity of declining species}},
volume = {265},
year = {1998}
}
@article{Sodhi2008,
abstract = {Habitat loss, climate change, over-exploitation, disease and other factors have been hypothesised in the global decline of amphibian biodiversity. However, the relative importance of and synergies among different drivers are still poorly understood. We present the largest global analysis of roughly 45{\{}{\%}{\}} of known amphibians (2,583 species) to quantify the influences of life history, climate, human density and habitat loss on declines and extinction risk. Multi-model Bayesian inference reveals that large amphibian species with small geographic range and pronounced seasonality in temperature and precipitation are most likely to be Red-Listed by IUCN. Elevated habitat loss and human densities are also correlated with high threat risk. Range size, habitat loss and more extreme seasonality in precipitation contributed to decline risk in the 2,454 species that declined between 1980 and 2004, compared to species that were stable (n = 1,545) or had increased (n = 28). These empirical results show that amphibian species with restricted ranges should be urgently targeted for conservation.},
annote = {species to concentrate on in amphibians!},
author = {Sodhi, Navjot S. and Bickford, David and Diesmos, Arvin C. and Lee, Tien Ming and Koh, Lian Pin and Brook, Barry W. and Sekercioglu, Cagan H. and Bradshaw, Corey J. A.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0001636},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Unknown - 2007 - No Title.pdf:pdf;:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sodhi et al. - 2008 - Measuring the meltdown drivers of global amphibian extinction and decline.pdf:pdf;:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Sodhi et al. - 2008 - Measuring the meltdown drivers of global amphibian extinction and decline.doc:doc},
issn = {1932-6203},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
keywords = {Amphibians,Animals,Bayes Theorem,Biological,Ecosystem,Extinction,Humans,Population Density,Population Dynamics,amphibian,extinction risk,traits},
mendeley-tags = {amphibian,extinction risk,traits},
month = {jan},
number = {2},
pages = {e1636},
pmid = {18286193},
title = {{Measuring the meltdown: drivers of global amphibian extinction and decline}},
url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2238793{\&}tool=pmcentrez{\&}rendertype=abstract http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2238793{\%}7B{\&}{\%}7Dtool=pmcentrez{\%}7B{\&}{\%}7Drendertype=abstract},
volume = {3},
year = {2008}
}
@article{Lips2003,
author = {Lips, Karen R. and Reeve, John D. and Witters, Lani R.},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/3588864.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
number = {4},
pages = {1078--1088},
title = {{Ecological traits predicting amphibian population declines in Central America}},
volume = {17},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Kowalewski1996,
author = {Kowalewski, Micha{\l}},
journal = {The Journal of Geology},
number = {3},
pages = {317--326},
title = {{Time-averaging, overcompleteness, and the geological record}},
volume = {104},
year = {1996}
}
@manual{caret-package,
annote = {R package version 6.0-76},
author = {Kuhn, Max and Wing, Jed and Weston, Steve and Williams, Andre and Keefer, Chris and Engelhardt, Allan and Cooper, Tony and Mayer, Zachary and Kenkel, Brenton and Team, the R Core and Benesty, Michael and Lescarbeau, Reynald and Ziem, Andrew and Scrucca, Luca and Tang, Yuan and Candan, Can and Hunt, Tyler},
title = {{caret: Classification and Regression Training}},
url = {https://cran.r-project.org/package=caret},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Harnik2011,
abstract = {Biological factors, such as abundance and body size, may contribute directly to extinction risk and indirectly through their influence on other biological characteristics, such as geographic range size. Paleontological data can be used to explicitly test many of these hypothesized relationships, and general patterns revealed through analysis of the fossil record can help refine predictive models of extinction risk developed for extant species. Here, I use structural equation modeling to tease apart the contributions of three canonical predictors of extinction-abundance, body size, and geographic range size-to the duration of bivalve species in the early Cenozoic marine fossil record of the eastern United States. I find that geographic range size has a strong direct effect on extinction risk and that an apparent direct effect of abundance can be explained entirely by its covariation with geographic range. The influence of geographic range on extinction risk is manifest across three ecologically disparate bivalve clades. Body size also has strong direct effects on extinction risk but operates in opposing directions in different clades, and thus, it seems to be decoupled from extinction risk in bivalves as a whole. Although abundance does not directly predict extinction risk, I reveal weak indirect effects of both abundance and body size through their positive influence on geographic range size. Multivariate models that account for the pervasive covariation between biological factors and extinction are necessary for assessing causality in evolutionary processes and making informed predictions in applied conservation efforts.},
annote = {Times Cited: 0},
author = {Harnik, Paul G.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1100572108},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Museum et al. - 1975 - Supporting Information.pdf:pdf;:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harnik - 2011 - Direct and indirect effects of biological factors on extinction risk in fossil bivalves.pdf:pdf;:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harnik - 2011 - Direct and indirect effects of biological factors on extinction risk in fossil bivalves(2).pdf:pdf;:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harnik - 2011 - Direct and indirect effects of biological factors on extinction risk in fossil bivalves(3).pdf:pdf},
isbn = {0027-8424},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = {33},
pages = {13594--13599},
title = {{Direct and indirect effects of biological factors on extinction risk in fossil bivalves}},
url = {to},
volume = {108},
year = {2011}
}
@article{Cushman2006,
author = {Cushman, Samuel A.},
doi = {10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.031},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Cushman - 2006 - Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians A review and prospectus.pdf:pdf},
issn = {00063207},
journal = {Biological Conservation},
keywords = {conservation conditions},
mendeley-tags = {conservation conditions},
month = {mar},
number = {2},
pages = {231--240},
title = {{Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians: A review and prospectus}},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320705003940},
volume = {128},
year = {2006}
}
@manual{knitr1,
annote = {R package version 1.15.1},
author = {Xie, Yihui},
title = {{knitr: A General-Purpose Package for Dynamic Report Generation in R}},
url = {http://yihui.name/knitr/},
year = {2016}
}
@incollection{knitr3,
annote = {ISBN 978-1466561595},
author = {Xie, Yihui},
booktitle = {Implementing Reproducible Computational Research},
editor = {Stodden, Victoria and Leisch, Friedrich and Peng, Roger D},
publisher = {Chapman and Hall/CRC},
title = {{knitr: A Comprehensive Tool for Reproducible Research in {\{}R{\}}}},
url = {http://www.crcpress.com/product/isbn/9781466561595},
year = {2014}
}
@article{Newell1959,
author = {Newell, Norman D.},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/985153.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society},
number = {2},
pages = {264--285},
title = {{The Nature of the fossil record}},
volume = {103},
year = {1959}
}
@unpublished{IUCN2007,
author = {IUCN},
booktitle = {Species extinction - The facts},
doi = {http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/species_extinction_05_2007.pdf},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/IUCN - 2007 - Species extinction – The facts.pdf:pdf},
title = {{Species extinction – The facts}},
url = {www.iucnredlist.org},
year = {2017}
}
@book{Sanchiz1998a,
address = {Stuttgart},
author = {Sanch{\`{i}}z, B},
pages = {1--275},
publisher = {Gustav Fischer Verlag},
title = {{Encyclopedia of Paleoherpetology 4: Salientia}},
year = {1998}
}
@article{fields,
author = {Nychka, Douglas and Furrer, Reinhard and Paige, John and Sain, Stephan},
title = {{fields: tools for spatial data. R package version 8.15. www.image.ucar.edu/fields}}
}
@article{Bland2014,
author = {Bland, Lucie M. and Collen, Ben and Orme, C. David L. and Bielby, Jon},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.12372},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/Bland{\_}et{\_}al-2015-Conservation{\_}Biology.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Conservation Biology},
keywords = {indicators,mammals,predictive modeling,red lists,threatened species},
number = {1},
pages = {250--259},
title = {{Predicting the conservation status of data-deficient species}},
volume = {29},
year = {2014}
}
@book{IUCNSpeciesSurvivalCommission2012,
author = {IUCN},
edition = {Second edi},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/IUCN - 2012 - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria Version 3.1.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9782831714356},
publisher = {Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp},
title = {{IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1}},
year = {2012}
}
@article{finnegan2015,
annote = {NULL},
author = {Finnegan, Seth and Anderson, Sean C and Harnik, Paul G and Simpson, Carl and Tittensor, Derek P and Byrnes, Jarrett E and Finkel, Zoe V and Lindberg, David R and Liow, Lee Hsiang and Lockwood, Rowan and Lotze, Heike K and Mcclain, Craig R and McGuire, Jenny L and O'Dea, Aaron and Pandolfi, John M},
doi = {10.1126/science.aaa6635},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Finnegan et al. - 2015 - Paleontological baselines for evaluating extinction risk in the modern oceans.pdf:pdf;:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Finnegan, Anderson, Harnik - 2015 - Paleontological baselines for evaluating extinction risk in the modern oceans.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Science},
keywords = {hightly relevant},
mendeley-tags = {hightly relevant},
number = {6234},
pages = {567--670},
title = {{Paleontological baselines for evaluating extinction risk in the modern oceans}},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/348/6234/567.short},
volume = {348},
year = {2015}
}
@incollection{hunt2017,
address = {Cham, Switzerland},
author = {Hunt, Lynette A.},
booktitle = {Data science. Innovative developments in data analysis and clustering},
doi = {Hunt, L.A. (2017): Missing data imputation and its effect on the accuracy of classification. In: Data science. p. 3-.},
editor = {Palumbo, Francesco and Montanari, Angela and Vichi, Maurizio},
file = {:home/mel/Work/Books/(Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization) Francesco Palumbo, Angela Montanari, Maurizio Vichi (eds.)-Data Science {\_} Innovative Developments in Data Analysis and Clustering.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {9783319557229},
keywords = {Big data,advanced analytics,big data analytics,computing,data DNA,data analysis,data analytics,data economy,data education,data engineering,data industry,data innovation,data profession,data science,data scientist,data service,informatics,statistics},
pages = {3--14},
publisher = {Springer Nature},
title = {{Missing data imputation and its effect on the accuracy of classification}},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3127343.3015456{\%}0Ahttp://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3101309.3076253},
year = {2017}
}
@article{Henrici2013,
author = {Henrici, AC C and B{\'{a}}ez, AM M and Grande, Lance},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Henrici, B{\'{a}}ez, Grande - 2013 - Aerugoamnis paulus, New Genus and New Species (Anura Anomocoela) First Reported Anuran from the Early Eo.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Annals of Carnegie Museum},
number = {4},
pages = {295--309},
title = {{Aerugoamnis paulus, new genus and new species (Anura: Anomocoela): first reported anuran from the Early Eocene (Wasatchian) Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation, Wyoming}},
url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2992/007.081.0402},
volume = {81},
year = {2013}
}
@article{rgdal,
author = {Roger, Bivand and Keitt, Tim and Rowlinson, Barry},
title = {{rgdal: bindings for the geospatial data abstraction library. R package version 1.2-8. https:// /https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rgdal}},
url = {https://cran.r-project.org/package=rgdal},
year = {2017}
}
@article{harting1979,
author = {Harting, J.A. and Wong, M.A.},
file = {:home/mel/Work/paper/2346830.pdf:pdf},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics)},
keywords = {chaos,disease control,epidemic models,fade-out models,heterogeneity,infectious diseases,measles,population dynamics,reproductive ratio,seasonality,stochastic processes,thresholds},
number = {1},
pages = {100--108},
title = {{Algorithm AS 136: a k-means clustering algorithm}},
volume = {28},
year = {1979}
}
@article{Daszak2003,
abstract = {A series of recent papers have implicated pathogens and parasites in amphibian population declines. Here, we review evidence on the link between infectious disease and amphibian population declines. We conclude that available data provide the clearest link for the fungal disease amphibian chytridiomycosis, although other pathogens are also implicated. We suggest additional experimental and observational data that need to be collected to provide further support that these other pathogens are associated with declines. We suggest that, in common with many emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of humans, domestic animals and other wildlife species, emergence of chytridiomycosis may be driven by anthropogenic introduction (pathogen pollution). Finally, we review a number of recent advances in the hostparasite ecology of chytridiomycosis that help explain its emergence and impact.},
author = {Daszak, Peter and Cunningham, Andrew A and Hyatt, Alex D},
doi = {10.1080/00397910600775267},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Daszak, Cunningham, Consortium - 2003 - Infectious disease and amphibian population declines.pdf:pdf},
isbn = {13669516},
issn = {14724642},
journal = {Diversity and Distributions},
keywords = {amphibian declines,conservation,emerging diseases,global change,medicine},
number = {2},
pages = {141-- 150},
pmid = {9190800},
title = {{Infectious disease and amphibian population declines}},
url = {http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118852232/abstract},
volume = {9},
year = {2003}
}
@article{Tietje2017,
abstract = {Trait analysis has become a crucial tool for assessing the extinction risk of species. While some extinction risk-trait relationships have been often identical between different living taxa, a temporal comparison of fossil taxa with related current taxa was rarely considered. However, we argue that it is important to know if extinction risk-trait relations are constant or changing over time. Herein we investigated the influence of habitat type on the persistence length of amphibian species. Living amphibians are regarded as the most threatened group of terrestrial vertebrates and thus of high interest to conservationists. Species from different habitat types show differences in extinction risk, i.e. species depending on flowing waters being more threatened than those breeding in stagnant sites. After assessing the quality of the available amphibian fossil data, we show that today{\&}{\#}039;s habitat type-extinction risk relationship is reversed compared to fossil amphibians, former taxa persisting longer when living in rivers and streams, thus suggesting a change of effect direction of this trait. Neither differences between amphibian orders nor environmentally caused preservation effects could explain this pattern. We argue this change to be most likely a result of anthropogenic influence, which turned a once favourable strategy into a disadvantage.},
author = {Tietje, Melanie and R{\"{o}}del, Mark-Oliver},
journal = {Royal Society Open Science},
month = {may},
number = {5},
title = {{Contradicting habitat type-extinction risk relationships between living and fossil amphibians}},
url = {http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/4/5/170051.abstract},
volume = {4},
year = {2017}
}
@article{rocek2013,
author = {Ro{\v{c}}ek, Zbyn{\v{e}}k},
doi = {10.1007/s12549-013-0131-y},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Ro{\v{c}}ek - 2013 - Mesozoic and Tertiary Anura of Laurasia.pdf:pdf},
issn = {1867-1594},
journal = {Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments},
keywords = {anura,distribution,laurasia,stratigraphy,systematic review,taxonomic diagnoses},
month = {nov},
number = {4},
pages = {397--439},
title = {{Mesozoic and Tertiary Anura of Laurasia}},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12549-013-0131-y},
volume = {93},
year = {2013}
}
@article{Harnik2012,
abstract = {Rarity is widely used to predict the vulnerability of species to extinction. Species can be rare in markedly different ways, but the relative impacts of these different forms of rarity on extinction risk are poorly known and cannot be determined through observations of species that are not yet extinct. The fossil record provides a valuable archive with which we can directly determine which aspects of rarity lead to the greatest risk. Previous palaeontological analyses confirm that rarity is associated with extinction risk, but the relative contributions of different types of rarity to extinction risk remain unknown because their impacts have never been examined simultaneously. Here, we analyse a global database of fossil marine animals spanning the past 500 million years, examining differential extinction with respect to multiple rarity types within each geological stage. We observe systematic differences in extinction risk over time among marine genera classified according to their rarity. Geographic range played a primary role in determining extinction, and habitat breadth a secondary role, whereas local abundance had little effect. These results suggest that current reductions in geographic range size will lead to pronounced increases in long-term extinction risk even if local populations are relatively large at present.},
author = {Harnik, Paul G. and Simpson, Carl and Payne, Jonathan L.},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.1902},
file = {:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harnik, Simpson, Payne - 2012 - Long-term differences in extinction risk among the seven forms of rarity.pdf:pdf;:home/mel/.local/share/data/Mendeley Ltd./Mendeley Desktop/Downloaded/Harnik, Simpson, Payne - 2012 - Long-term differences in extinction risk among the seven forms of rarity(2).pdf:pdf},
issn = {1471-2954},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
keywords = {conservation,invertebrate,macroecology,macroevolution,phanerozoic},
month = {oct},
number = {October},
pmid = {23097507},
title = {{Long-term differences in extinction risk among the seven forms of rarity.}},
url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23097507},
year = {2012}
}
@misc{amphibiaweb,
author = {AmphibiaWeb},
title = {{University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. Available at: https://amphibiaweb.org/. Last accessed 10 February 2017.}},
url = {http://amphibiaweb.org},
year = {2017}
}