App.py

from tkinter import * 
from tkinter import ttk
from ttkbootstrap import *
from numpy import linspace, random, uint16 
import time 

class App:
    def __init__(self,root,title) -> None:
        # root is the window where all the widgits will be displayed 
        self.root = root 
        self.root.title(title)
        self.root.geometry('805x440')
        # create a button and tell it where to display the button  i.e. self.root 
        ttk.Button(self.root,text = 'start sorting',command=self._start).grid(row=0,column=14)
        # now to add this created widget (button) on the screen (window (self.root)) 
        # use either grid or pack 
        ttk.Button(self.root,text = 'shuffle',command=self._shuffle).grid(row=0,column=13)
        self.canvas = Canvas(self.root,width=800,height=405,highlightbackground='dodgerblue',
                             bg = 'black',highlightthickness=2)
        self.canvas.grid(row=1,columnspan=15)
        self.N = 50
        self.data = linspace(5,400,self.N)
        self._colors = ['dodgerblue' for _ in range(self.N)] 
        self._speed = 5/1000
        # colors  
        self._shuffle()

    def __reset_colors(self,color ='dodgerblue'):
        # lets create a function to reset the colors  
        self._colors = [color for _ in range(self.N)] 

    def _shuffle(self):
        # define a shuffle function  
        self.__reset_colors()
        random.shuffle(self.data)
        self._display(self._colors)

    def _display(self,array_color:list):
        g = self.N*0.01 # gap
        width = lambda x:(800-99*x)/self.N
        self.canvas.delete('all')
    
        for i in range(self.N):
            # self.canvas.create_rectangle(x0,y0,
            #                              x1,y1,
            # fill='blue')
            x0 = i*width(g)+i*g
            y0 = 0
            x1 = (i+1)*width(g)+i*g
            y1 = self.data[i]
            self.canvas.create_rectangle(x0,y0,x1,y1,fill=array_color[i])

        self.root.update_idletasks()

    def _start(self):
        for steps in range(self.N-1):
            a = self.N-1-steps
            for i in range(a):
                self._colors[i] = self._colors[i+1] = 'yellow'
                self._display(self._colors)
                time.sleep(self._speed)
                if self.data[i]>self.data[i+1]:
                    self._colors[:a+1] = ['dodgerblue']*(a+1)
                    self._colors[i] = self._colors[i+1] = 'red'
                    self._display(self._colors)
                    time.sleep(self._speed)
                    self.data[i],self.data[i+1]=self.data[i+1],self.data[i]
                    self._colors[i] = self._colors[i+1] = 'lime'
                    self._display(self._colors)
                    time.sleep(self._speed)
                self._colors[i] = self._colors[i+1] = 'dodgerblue'
            self._colors[a:] = ['green']*(self.N-a)
        self._display(self._colors)
        self.__reset_colors('green')
        self._display(self._colors)


        

if __name__ == '__main__':
    window = Style(theme = 'darkly').master 
    # window is an instance of ttkbootstrap's Style class 
    App(window,'Bubble sort')
    
    window.mainloop()
    # tells Python to run the Tkinter event loop.
    # This method listens for events, such as button clicks or keypresses, 
    # and blocks any code that comes after it from running 
    '''
    The mainloop() function in Tkinter is a method that starts an event loop, 
    which listens for events and responds to them accordingly.
    It is a crucial function in GUI programming with Tkinter
    since it is responsible for keeping the GUI responsive
    and handling user input.

    When you create a GUI application using Tkinter, you define 
    various widgets like buttons, labels, and entry boxes, and 
    then bind them to specific events like button clicks or key
    presses. Once you have set up your application, you need 
    to start the mainloop() function to start the event loop.

    The mainloop() function runs indefinitely until the user 
    closes the application window or calls the quit() method.
    It continuously listens for events such as mouse clicks,
    key presses, and other user input events, and dispatches
    them to the appropriate widgets for processing.

    In summary, the purpose of the mainloop() function in 
    Tkinter is to start the event loop that listens for
    user input events and keeps the GUI responsive.
    '''