Type Analysis for Gradual Typing

Rastogi, Aseem and Chaudhuri, Avik and Hosmer, Basil, The ins and outs of gradual type inference, POPL, 2012.

Type Analysis for Dynamic Languages

Cartwright, Robert and Fagan, Mike. Soft Typing. Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation 1991
Aiken, Alex and Murphy, Brian. Static Type Inference in a Dynamically Typed Language Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages 1991.
Flanagan, Cormac and Felleisen, Matthias. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.. Componential set-based analysis. 1999.
Shivers, Olin, Data-flow analysis and type recovery in Scheme. In Topics in Advanced Language Implementation, 1991.
Fritz Henglein and Jakob Rehof, FPCA '95, Safe polymorphic type inference for a Dynamically Typed Language: Translating Scheme to ML, 1995.

Principles of Program Analysis by Nielson, Nielson, and Hankin. (book)
Static Program Analysis by Anders Moeller and Michael Schwartzbach. (book)
Gary A. Kildall. A unified approach to global program optimization. POPL, 1973.
Michael Karr. Affine relationships among variables of a program. Acta Informatica 6(2):1976.
Patrick Cousot and Radhia Cousot. Static Determination of Dynamic Properties of Programs. In B. Robinet, editor, Proceedings of the second international symposium on Programming, Paris, France, pages 106—130, April 13-15 1976, Dunod, Paris.
Patrick Cousot. Semantic foundations of program analysis. In S.S. Muchnick & N.D. Jones, editors, Program Flow Analysis: Theory and Applications, Ch. 10, pages 303—342, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, U.S.A., 1981.