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Linux Containers (LXC)

Installation

sudo apt install lxc

sudo snap install lxd

Guided Setup

lxd init

The defaults will be fine for personal use, and we can name our pool whatever we like.

List Containers

lxc list

lxc list -c n,s,4,image.description:image

Create Container

lxc launch ubuntu:20.04 FirstContainer

lxc launch images:alpine/edge/default AlpineContainer

List Available Images

lxc image alias list ubuntu:

lxc image alias list images: 'alpine'

Information

lxc info FirstContainer

In container:

cat /etc/os-release

Enter Container

lxc exec FirstContainer bash

lxc exec AlpineContainer sh

Other Commands

lxc exec FirstContainer hostname

Stop Container

lxc stop FirstContainer

Delete Container

lxc delete FirstContainer

Clone Container

lxc copy AlpineContainer AlpineContainer2

(Re-)Start Container

lxc start AlpineContainer2

SSH to Container

  • In container:

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

PasswordAuthentication yes

LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin yes
StrictModes yes

systemctl restart ssh

If password is not 'ubuntu', use passwd root to change the password.

  • On host:

ssh-keygen -b 2048 -t rsa -C steven.d.hondt.sdh@gmail.com ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@10.8.18.147

nano .ssh/config

Host first
HostName        10.8.18.147
user            root
IdentityFile    ~/.ssh.id_rsa

ssh first

If the container doesn't have ssh, like the alpine container:

apk add openssh

rc-update add sshd

/etc/init.d/sshd start

Then go through the previous steps...

Push Files to Container

lxc file push /path/to/file FirstContainer/path/to/destination/for/file

Pull Files to Host

lxc file pull FirstContainer/path/to/file /path/to/destination/for/file

Edit File in Container

lxc file edit FirstContainer/path/to/file

Create Snapshot

lxc snapshot FirstContainer

Restore Container to Snapshot

lxc restore FirstContainer snap0

Delete Snapshot

lxc delete FirstContainer/snap0

Exposing Containers

Create Bridge

cd /etc/netplan

ls

nano name-of-netplan.yaml

network:
    version: 2
    rederer: networkd
    
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            dhcp4: false
            dhcp6: false
    bridges:
        br0:
            interfaces: [eth0]
            dhcp4: true

Configure Container

lxc config device add FirstContainer eth0 nic nictype=bridged parent=br0 name=eth0

Restart Container

lxc restart FirstContainer