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Squint: A peephole optimizer for stack VM compilers

Introduction

Short summary: This repo contains a highly functional, but not quite complete, C compiler (mc.c) that supports JIT execution, ELF executable generation, and peephole optimization. mc.c is a follow on to the AMaCC compiler. See the AMaCC documentation referenced below for more information.

This compiler was developed on a Raspberry Pi computer running 32 bit Buster Linux. See the "Discussion" tab above for instructions on using this compiler with an ARM Chromebook.

The MC C compiler found in this repository is a subset of the full MC HPC compiler which is being developed offline. That said, results from the full MC HPC compiler are shown below.

This compiler supports the following features beyond AMaCC:

  • Float data types (AMaCC is an integer based compiler).

  • Array declarations and initializers. (e.g. float foo[4][4] = { { 0.0, ... }, { 0.0 ... }, ... };

  • The Squint peephole optimizer that roughly halves the number of executable instructions in compiled code. The tests/sieve.c benchmark provides an optimization example, and runs roughly 4x faster after peephole optimization.

  • Greatly improved type checking, error checking, and IR code generation (try -si option).

Source code size (public code version, this repository):

  • mc C compiler -- 4035 SLOC
  • squint optimizer -- 3836 SLOC

The original AMaCC compiler is based on the phenomenal work of the team at https://github.com/jserv/amacc , and I strongly suggest you visit that site to see the history of AMaCC compiler development as stored in that repository. It shows how small changes can be added to a base complier, step-by-step, to create a truly marvelous educational compiler. The README there expands upon this README and is where you will learn the most about the AMaCC compiler that was used as a starting point for this work.

Example

The following time command uses the mc compiler to JIT compile an optimized verison of the mc compiler, using an external optimizer linked as a shared object library, and then that optimized JIT complier is used to JIT compile an optimized version of Sieve of Eratosthenes (again using a shared object optimizer), and then the sieve benchmark is JIT executed. The time shown is the time it takes to do everything in this paragraph, sieving 8388608 values using three different algorithms applied to bit arrays.

$ make mc-so      # use gcc to build an enhanced version of the mc compiler
  CC+LD		mc-so
$ time ./mc-so -DSQUINT_SO -Op mc.c -Op tests/sieve.c

real	0m1.031s
user	0m0.999s
sys	0m0.031s

Performance

Benchmark Mc runtime Mc+Squint Gcc Gcc -O1 Gcc -03
sieve (int) 3.676s 0.936s 1.642s 0.942s 0.962s
shock (float) 39.192s 3.125s 9.346s 4.092s 3.217s
nbody_arr (float) 40.43s 3.29s 12.28s 3.25s 3.21s

Note: shock run with 8192 elements, 4096 timesteps, no output. Best of 20 runs.

Benchmark Mc compile time Mc+Squint time Gcc -O3 time
mc.c 0.140s 0.919s 6.71s
Benchmark Mc .text size Mc+Squint .text Gcc -O3 .text Notes
bezier.c 3376 1020 768 recursive
duff.c 2972 520 412 unusual
maze.c 6568 2488 1752 misc
shock.c 7844 2112 3388 floating point
mc.c 183248 85568 59124 full compiler

Assembly language quality

Below is a comparison of assembly language quality of three compilers on the Raspberry Pi 4B when compiling tests/shock.c.

  • GCC, specifically: "gcc -mfloat-abi=hard -mtune=cortex-a72 -O3 tests/shock.c -lm"

  • The Squint compiler uses the compiler in this repository with the -Op option, followed by the Squint optimizer.

  • The MC compiler is a non-public HPC version of Squint that I am working on offline.

For floating point, my HPC compiler is currently always faster than gcc with the above compiler options, by a minimum of 3%.

That said, make no mistake, my current optimizations are all crap** and yet I am still beating gcc. I am only one person with no resources, so I pick the path I see as most interesting and plod along at a snail's pace when I am not watching TV, playing video games, or reading/commenting on news articles.

If I had the resources to hire a small team and treat this as a real full time project, I could do much better! If you might be interested, let's talk.

** No common subexpression elimination, register renaming to reduce stalls, code motion to reduce stalls, or register coloring to reduce register pressure, etc. None of these things are hard to do, but all consume time to implement.

Below is a C function followed by the assembly language listing for the loop body, for all three compilers. The MC compiler creates only 3.05 assembly language instructions to represent each (complex) line of high level C code, on average:

void ComputeFaceInfo(int numFace, float *mass, float *momentum, float *energy,
                                  float *f0, float *f1, float *f2)
{
   int i;
   int contributor;
   float ev;
   float cLocal;

   for (i = 0; i < numFace; ++i)
   {
      /* each face has an upwind and downwind element. */
      int upWind   = i;     /* upwind element */
      int downWind = i + 1; /* downwind element */

      /* calculate face centered quantities */
      float massf =     0.5 * (mass[upWind]     + mass[downWind]);
      float momentumf = 0.5 * (momentum[upWind] + momentum[downWind]);
      float energyf =   0.5 * (energy[upWind]   + energy[downWind]);
      float pressuref = (gammaa - 1.0) *
                         (energyf - 0.5*momentumf*momentumf/massf);
      float c = sqrtf(gammaa*pressuref/massf);
      float v = momentumf/massf;

      /* Now that we have the wave speeds, we might want to */
      /* look for the max wave speed here, and update dt */
      /* appropriately right before leaving this function. */
      /* ... */

      /* OK, calculate face quantities */

      contributor = ((v >= 0.0) ? upWind : downWind);
      massf = mass[contributor];
      momentumf = momentum[contributor];
      energyf = energy[contributor];
      pressuref = energyf - 0.5*momentumf*momentumf/massf;
      ev = v*(gammaa - 1.0);

      f0[i] = ev*massf;
      f1[i] = ev*momentumf;
      f2[i] = ev*(energyf - pressuref);

      contributor = ((v + c >= 0.0) ? upWind : downWind);
      massf = mass[contributor];
      momentumf = momentum[contributor];
      energyf = energy[contributor];
      pressuref = (gammaa - 1.0)*(energyf - 0.5*momentumf*momentumf/massf);
      ev = 0.5*(v + c);
      cLocal = sqrtf(gammaa*pressuref/massf);

      f0[i] += ev*massf;
      f1[i] += ev*(momentumf + massf*cLocal);
      f2[i] += ev*(energyf + pressuref + momentumf*cLocal);

      contributor = ((v - c >= 0.0) ? upWind : downWind);
      massf = mass[contributor];
      momentumf = momentum[contributor];
      energyf = energy[contributor];
      pressuref = (gammaa - 1.0)*(energyf - 0.5*momentumf*momentumf/massf);
      ev = 0.5*(v - c);
      cLocal = sqrtf(gammaa*pressuref/massf);

      f0[i] += ev*massf;
      f1[i] += ev*(momentumf - massf*cLocal);
      f2[i] += ev*(energyf + pressuref - momentumf*cLocal);
   }
}
gcc Squint (this repo) MC (private repo HPC compiler)
164++ instructions 119 instructions 113 instructions
??? inststructions/iter 119 instructions/iter 113 instructions/iter
10d00: ea000060 b 10e88 640: add r0, r5, r3, lsl #2 5f0: mov r0, #12
10d04: e1a00008 mov r0, r8 644: vldr s1, [r0] 5f4: mla r0, r3, r0, r4
10d08: e1a0c00a mov ip, sl 648: vldr s0, [r0, #4] 5f8: vldr s1, [r0]
10d0c: e1a03009 mov r3, r9 64c: vadd.f32 s0, s1, s0 5fc: vldr s0, [r0, #12]
10d10: eddc6a00 vldr s13, [ip] 650: vmul.f32 s10, s3, s0 600: vadd.f32 s0, s1, s0
10d14: ee687a07 vmul.f32 s15, s16, s14 654: add r0, r6, r3, lsl #2 604: vmul.f32 s9, s3, s0
10d18: ee3c9a08 vadd.f32 s18, s24, s16 658: vldr s1, [r0] 608: vldr s1, [r0, #4]
10d1c: e58d5004 str r5, [sp, #4] 65c: vldr s0, [r0, #4] 60c: vldr s0, [r0, #16]
10d20: edd35a00 vldr s11, [r3] 660: vadd.f32 s0, s1, s0 610: vadd.f32 s0, s1, s0
10d24: e1a03004 mov r3, r4 664: vmul.f32 s9, s3, s0 614: vmul.f32 s8, s3, s0
10d28: ed907a00 vldr s14, [r0] 668: add r0, r7, r3, lsl #2 618: vldr s1, [r0, #8]
10d2c: ee266aa8 vmul.f32 s12, s13, s17 66c: vldr s1, [r0] 61c: vldr s0, [r0, #20]
10d30: ee265aa7 vmul.f32 s10, s13, s15 670: vldr s0, [r0, #4] 620: vadd.f32 s0, s1, s0
10d34: eeb59ac0 vcmpe.f32 s18, #0.0 674: vadd.f32 s0, s1, s0 624: vmul.f32 s11, s3, s0
10d38: ee654aa7 vmul.f32 s9, s11, s15 678: vmul.f32 s12, s3, s0 628: vsub.f32 s6, s2, s4
10d3c: ee266a26 vmul.f32 s12, s12, s13 67c: vsub.f32 s7, s2, s4 62c: vmul.f32 s1, s3, s8
10d40: eef1fa10 vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr 680: vmul.f32 s1, s3, s9 630: vmul.f32 s1, s1, s8
10d44: edc64a00 vstr s9, [r6] 684: vmul.f32 s1, s1, s9 634: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s9
10d48: ed855a00 vstr s10, [r5] 688: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s10 638: vsub.f32 s0, s11, s0
10d4c: eec66a25 vdiv.f32 s13, s12, s11 68c: vsub.f32 s0, s12, s0 63c: vmul.f32 s12, s6, s0
10d50: ee776a66 vsub.f32 s13, s14, s13 690: vmul.f32 s13, s7, s0 640: vmul.f32 s1, s2, s12
10d54: ee377a66 vsub.f32 s14, s14, s13 694: vmul.f32 s1, s2, s13 644: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s9
10d58: ee677a27 vmul.f32 s15, s14, s15 698: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s10 648: vsqrt.f32 s15, s0
10d5c: edc47a00 vstr s15, [r4] 69c: vsqrt.f32 s16, s0 64c: vdiv.f32 s13, s8, s9
10d60: ba00006e blt 10f20 6a0: vdiv.f32 s14, s9, s10 650: vcmpe.f32 s13, #0.0
10d64: e1a00008 mov r0, r8 6a4: vcmpe.f32 s14, s5 654: vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr
10d68: e1a0e00a mov lr, sl 6a8: vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr 658: mov r0, r3
10d6c: e1a0c009 mov ip, r9 6ac: mov r0, r3 65c: bge 0x664
10d70: ed9eba00 vldr s22, [lr] 6b0: bge 0x6b8 660: add r0, r3, #1
10d74: ee299a28 vmul.f32 s18, s18, s17 6b4: add r0, r3, #1 664: mov r5, r0
10d78: eddcba00 vldr s23, [ip] 6b8: mov r4, r0 668: mov r0, #12
10d7c: edd09a00 vldr s19, [r0] 6bc: add r0, r5, r4, lsl #2 66c: mla r0, r5, r0, r4
10d80: ee2b7a28 vmul.f32 s14, s22, s17 6c0: vldr s10, [r0] 670: vldr s9, [r0]
10d84: eddb7a01 vldr s15, [fp, #4] 6c4: add r0, r6, r4, lsl #2 674: vldr s8, [r0, #4]
10d88: ee277a0b vmul.f32 s14, s14, s22 6c8: vldr s9, [r0] 678: vldr s11, [r0, #8]
10d8c: ee776aea vsub.f32 s13, s15, s21 6cc: add r0, r7, r4, lsl #2 67c: vmul.f32 s1, s3, s8
10d90: ee87aa2b vdiv.f32 s20, s14, s23 6d0: vldr s12, [r0] 680: vmul.f32 s1, s1, s8
10d94: ee39aaca vsub.f32 s20, s19, s20 6d4: vmul.f32 s1, s3, s9 684: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s9
10d98: ee2aaa26 vmul.f32 s20, s20, s13 6d8: vmul.f32 s1, s1, s9 688: vsub.f32 s12, s11, s0
10d9c: ee677a8a vmul.f32 s15, s15, s20 6dc: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s10 68c: vsub.f32 s0, s2, s4
10da0: ee870aab vdiv.f32 s0, s15, s23 6e0: vsub.f32 s13, s12, s0 690: vmul.f32 s10, s13, s0
10da4: eeb50a40 vcmp.f32 s0, #0.0 6e4: vsub.f32 s0, s2, s4 694: vmul.f32 s16, s10, s9
10da8: eef1cac0 vsqrt.f32 s25, s0 6e8: vmul.f32 s11, s14, s0 698: vmul.f32 s17, s10, s8
10dac: eef1fa10 vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr 6ec: vmul.f32 s17, s11, s10 69c: vsub.f32 s0, s11, s12
10db0: 4a000076 bmi 10f90 6f0: vmul.f32 s18, s11, s9 6a0: vmul.f32 s18, s10, s0
10db4: edd67a00 vldr s15, [r6] 6f4: vsub.f32 s0, s12, s13 6a4: vadd.f32 s1, s13, s15
10db8: eeb07a4b vmov.f32 s14, s22 6f8: vmul.f32 s19, s11, s0 6a8: vcmpe.f32 s1, #0.0
10dbc: ee799a8a vadd.f32 s19, s19, s20 6fc: vadd.f32 s1, s14, s16 6ac: vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr
10dc0: ee388a4c vsub.f32 s16, s16, s24 700: vcmpe.f32 s1, s5 6b0: mov r0, r3
10dc4: ee0b7aac vmla.f32 s14, s23, s25 704: vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr 6b4: bge 0x6bc
10dc8: ee4b7a89 vmla.f32 s15, s23, s18 708: mov r0, r3 6b8: add r0, r3, #1
10dcc: ee4b9a2c vmla.f32 s19, s22, s25 70c: bge 0x714 6bc: mov r5, r0
10dd0: eeb58ac0 vcmpe.f32 s16, #0.0 710: add r0, r3, #1 6c0: mov r0, #12
10dd4: eef1fa10 vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr 714: mov r4, r0 6c4: mla r0, r5, r0, r4
10dd8: edc67a00 vstr s15, [r6] 718: add r0, r5, r4, lsl #2 6c8: vldr s9, [r0]
10ddc: edd57a00 vldr s15, [r5] 71c: vldr s10, [r0] 6cc: vldr s8, [r0, #4]
10de0: ee477a09 vmla.f32 s15, s14, s18 720: add r0, r6, r4, lsl #2 6d0: vldr s11, [r0, #8]
10de4: edc57a00 vstr s15, [r5] 724: vldr s9, [r0] 6d4: vsub.f32 s6, s2, s4
10de8: edd47a00 vldr s15, [r4] 728: add r0, r7, r4, lsl #2 6d8: vmul.f32 s1, s3, s8
10dec: ee497a89 vmla.f32 s15, s19, s18 72c: vldr s12, [r0] 6dc: vmul.f32 s1, s1, s8
10df0: edc47a00 vstr s15, [r4] 730: vsub.f32 s7, s2, s4 6e0: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s9
10df4: aa000002 bge 10e04 734: vmul.f32 s1, s3, s9 6e4: vsub.f32 s0, s11, s0
10df8: e1a08001 mov r8, r1 738: vmul.f32 s1, s1, s9 6e8: vmul.f32 s12, s6, s0
10dfc: e1a0a002 mov sl, r2 73c: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s10 6ec: vadd.f32 s0, s13, s15
10e00: e1a09007 mov r9, r7 740: vsub.f32 s0, s12, s0 6f0: vmul.f32 s10, s3, s0
10e04: ed9aaa00 vldr s20, [sl] 744: vmul.f32 s13, s7, s0 6f4: vmul.f32 s1, s2, s12
10e08: ee288a28 vmul.f32 s16, s16, s17 748: vadd.f32 s0, s14, s16 6f8: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s9
10e0c: ed99ba00 vldr s22, [r9] 74c: vmul.f32 s11, s3, s0 6fc: vsqrt.f32 s14, s0
10e10: ed989a00 vldr s18, [r8] 750: vmul.f32 s1, s2, s13 700: vmla.f32 s16, s10, s9
10e14: ee2a7a28 vmul.f32 s14, s20, s17 754: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s10 704: vmul.f32 s0, s9, s14
10e18: eddb7a01 vldr s15, [fp, #4] 758: vsqrt.f32 s15, s0 708: vadd.f32 s0, s8, s0
10e1c: ee277a0a vmul.f32 s14, s14, s20 75c: vmla.f32 s17, s11, s10 70c: vmla.f32 s17, s10, s0
10e20: ee776aea vsub.f32 s13, s15, s21 760: vmul.f32 s0, s10, s15 710: vadd.f32 s5, s11, s12
10e24: eec79a0b vdiv.f32 s19, s14, s22 764: vadd.f32 s0, s9, s0 714: vmla.f32 s5, s8, s14
10e28: ee799a69 vsub.f32 s19, s18, s19 768: vmla.f32 s18, s11, s0 718: vmla.f32 s18, s10, s5
10e2c: ee699aa6 vmul.f32 s19, s19, s13 76c: vadd.f32 s6, s12, s13 71c: vsub.f32 s1, s13, s15
10e30: ee677aa9 vmul.f32 s15, s15, s19 770: vmla.f32 s6, s9, s15 720: vcmpe.f32 s1, #0.0
10e34: ee870a8b vdiv.f32 s0, s15, s22 774: vmla.f32 s19, s11, s6 724: vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr
10e38: eeb50a40 vcmp.f32 s0, #0.0 778: vsub.f32 s1, s14, s16 728: mov r0, r3
10e3c: eef1bac0 vsqrt.f32 s23, s0 77c: vcmpe.f32 s1, s5 72c: bge 0x734
10e40: eef1fa10 vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr 780: vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr 730: add r0, r3, #1
10e44: 4a000049 bmi 10f70 784: mov r0, r3 734: mov r5, r0
10e48: edd67a00 vldr s15, [r6] 788: bge 0x790 738: mov r0, #12
10e4c: eeb07a4a vmov.f32 s14, s20 78c: add r0, r3, #1 73c: mla r0, r5, r0, r4
10e50: ee399a29 vadd.f32 s18, s18, s19 790: mov r4, r0 740: vldr s9, [r0]
10e54: e59d0000 ldr r0, [sp] 794: add r0, r5, r4, lsl #2 744: vldr s8, [r0, #4]
10e58: ee0b7a6b vmls.f32 s14, s22, s23 798: vldr s10, [r0] 748: vldr s11, [r0, #8]
10e5c: ee4b7a08 vmla.f32 s15, s22, s16 79c: add r0, r6, r4, lsl #2 74c: vsub.f32 s6, s2, s4
10e60: ee0a9a6b vmls.f32 s18, s20, s23 7a0: vldr s9, [r0] 750: vmul.f32 s1, s3, s8
10e64: e1570000 cmp r7, r0 7a4: add r0, r7, r4, lsl #2 754: vmul.f32 s1, s1, s8
10e68: ece67a01 vstmia r6!, {s15} 7a8: vldr s12, [r0] 758: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s9
10e6c: edd57a00 vldr s15, [r5] 7ac: vsub.f32 s7, s2, s4 75c: vsub.f32 s0, s11, s0
10e70: ee477a08 vmla.f32 s15, s14, s16 7b0: vmul.f32 s1, s3, s9 760: vmul.f32 s12, s6, s0
10e74: ece57a01 vstmia r5!, {s15} 7b4: vmul.f32 s1, s1, s9 764: vsub.f32 s0, s13, s15
10e78: edd37a00 vldr s15, [r3] 7b8: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s10 768: vmul.f32 s10, s3, s0
10e7c: ee497a08 vmla.f32 s15, s18, s16 7bc: vsub.f32 s0, s12, s0 76c: vmul.f32 s1, s2, s12
10e80: ece47a01 vstmia r4!, {s15} 7c0: vmul.f32 s13, s7, s0 770: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s9
10e84: 0a000029 beq 10f30 EXIT LOOP 7c4: vsub.f32 s0, s14, s16 774: vsqrt.f32 s14, s0
10e88: e1a0a002 mov sl, r2 7c8: vmul.f32 s11, s3, s0 778: mov r0, #12
10e8c: e2822004 add r2, r2, #4 7cc: vmul.f32 s1, s2, s13 77c: mla r0, r3, r0, r6
10e90: ed979a00 vldr s18, [r7] 7d0: vdiv.f32 s0, s1, s10 780: vmla.f32 s16, s10, s9
10e94: e1a09007 mov r9, r7 7d4: vsqrt.f32 s15, s0 784: vstr s16, [r0]
10e98: e2877004 add r7, r7, #4 7d8: add r0, r8, r3, lsl #2 788: vmul.f32 s0, s9, s14
10e9c: edd27a00 vldr s15, [r2] 7dc: vmla.f32 s17, s11, s10 78c: vsub.f32 s0, s8, s0
10ea0: e1a08001 mov r8, r1 7e0: vstr s17, [r0] 790: vmla.f32 s17, s10, s0
10ea4: e2811004 add r1, r1, #4 7e4: add r0, r9, r3, lsl #2 794: vstr s17, [r0, #4]
10ea8: edda9a00 vldr s19, [sl] 7e8: vmul.f32 s0, s10, s15 798: vadd.f32 s5, s11, s12
10eac: ed977a00 vldr s14, [r7] 7ec: vsub.f32 s0, s9, s0 79c: vmls.f32 s5, s8, s14
10eb0: ed516a01 vldr s13, [r1, #-4] 7f0: vmla.f32 s18, s11, s0 7a0: vmla.f32 s18, s10, s5
10eb4: ee799aa7 vadd.f32 s19, s19, s15 7f4: vstr s18, [r0] 7a4: vstr s18, [r0, #8]
10eb8: eddb5a01 vldr s11, [fp, #4] 7f8: add r0, sl, r3, lsl #2 7a8: add r3, r3, #1
10ebc: ee399a07 vadd.f32 s18, s18, s14 7fc: vadd.f32 s6, s12, s13 7ac: cmp r3, r7
10ec0: edd17a00 vldr s15, [r1] 800: vmls.f32 s6, s9, s15 7b0: blt 0x5f0
10ec4: ee699aa8 vmul.f32 s19, s19, s17 804: vmla.f32 s19, s11, s6
10ec8: ee357aea vsub.f32 s14, s11, s21 808: vstr s19, [r0]
10ecc: ee299a28 vmul.f32 s18, s18, s17 80c: add r3, r3, #1
10ed0: ee766aa7 vadd.f32 s13, s13, s15 810: ldr r0, [fp, #32]
10ed4: ee296aa8 vmul.f32 s12, s19, s17 814: cmp r3, r0
10ed8: ee266a29 vmul.f32 s12, s12, s19 818: blt 0x640
10edc: eec67a09 vdiv.f32 s15, s12, s18
10ee0: ee567aa8 vnmls.f32 s15, s13, s17
10ee4: ee677a87 vmul.f32 s15, s15, s14
10ee8: ee677aa5 vmul.f32 s15, s15, s11
10eec: ee870a89 vdiv.f32 s0, s15, s18
10ef0: eeb50a40 vcmp.f32 s0, #0.0
10ef4: eeb1cac0 vsqrt.f32 s24, s0
10ef8: eef1fa10 vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr
10efc: 4a000013 bmi 10f50
10f00: ee898a89 vdiv.f32 s16, s19, s18
10f04: eeb58ac0 vcmpe.f32 s16, #0.0
10f08: eef1fa10 vmrs APSR_nzcv, fpscr
10f0c: aaffff7c bge 10d04
10f10: e1a00001 mov r0, r1
10f14: e1a0c002 mov ip, r2
10f18: e1a03007 mov r3, r7
10f1c: eaffff7b b 10d10
10f20: e1a00001 mov r0, r1
10f24: e1a0e002 mov lr, r2
10f28: e1a0c007 mov ip, r7
10f2c: eaffff8f b 10d70
10f50: e58d2004 str r2, [sp, #4]
10f54: e58d1008 str r1, [sp, #8]
10f58: ebfffd37 bl 1043c sqrtf@plt
10f5c: eddb7a01 vldr s15, [fp, #4]
10f60: e59d2004 ldr r2, [sp, #4]
10f64: e59d1008 ldr r1, [sp, #8]
10f68: ee377aea vsub.f32 s14, s15, s21
10f6c: eaffffe3 b 10f00
10f70: e58d3004 str r3, [sp, #4]
10f74: e58d2008 str r2, [sp, #8]
10f78: e58d100c str r1, [sp, #12]
10f7c: ebfffd2e bl 1043c sqrtf@plt
10f80: e59d3004 ldr r3, [sp, #4]
10f84: e59d2008 ldr r2, [sp, #8]
10f88: e59d100c ldr r1, [sp, #12]
10f8c: eaffffad b 10e48
10f90: e58d3004 str r3, [sp, #4]
10f94: e58d2008 str r2, [sp, #8]
10f98: e58d100c str r1, [sp, #12]
10f9c: ebfffd26 bl 1043c sqrtf@plt
10fa0: e59d3004 ldr r3, [sp, #4]
10fa4: e59d2008 ldr r2, [sp, #8]
10fa8: e59d100c ldr r1, [sp, #12]
10fac: eaffff80 b 10db4

By the end of 2030, I expect to have automatic vectorization and/or parallelization working in my HPC compiler. The HPC extensions/restrictions make it "natural" to manage parallel partitions, unlike the mess created by C standard semantics.

Prerequisites

  • This compiler project depends on several GNU/Linux behaviors, and it is necessary to have Arm/Linux installed in your build environment.
  • Install GNU Toolchain for the A-profile Architecture
    • Select arm-linux-none-gnueabihf (AArch32 target with hard float)

Test environment:

  • Raspberry Pi 4B (SoC: bcm2711, ARMv8-A architecture)
  • Raspbian GNU/Linux, kernel 5.10.17-v7l+, gcc 8.3.0 (armv7l userland)
  • See the "Discussion" tab in this repo to run Squint on your ARM Chromebook.

The architecture support targets armv7hf with Linux ABI, verified on Raspberry Pi 2/3/4 with GNU/Linux.

Acknowledgements

AMaCC is based on the infrastructure of c4. Please see the AMaCC repository AMaCC to learn more about the AMaCC compiler.