Merge pull request #1 from codeguy/gh-pages

update to nov 2023

Author: arcanisgk

.ruby-version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+2.7.8

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Contributing to PHP The Right Way
 
-Enjoy [PHP The Right Way](http://phptherightway.com) and want to get
+Enjoy [PHP The Right Way](https://phptherightway.com) and want to get
 involved? Great! There are plenty of ways you can help out.
 
 Please take a moment to review this document in order to make the contribution
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ content and generally [submitting pull requests](#pull-requests), but please
 respect the following restrictions:
 
 * Please **do not** use the issue tracker for personal support requests (use
-  [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/php) or IRC).
+  [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/php) or IRC).
 
 * Please **do not** derail or troll issues. Keep the discussion on topic and
   respect the opinions of others.
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ change is accepted if seen as constructive.
 Adhering to the following process is the best way to get your work
 included in the project:
 
-1. [Fork](http://help.github.com/fork-a-repo/) the project, clone your fork,
-   and configure the remotes:
+1. [Fork](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/quickstart/fork-a-repo) the
+   project, clone your fork, and configure the remotes:
 
    ```bash
    # Clone your fork of the repo into the current directory
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ included in the project:
     ```
 
 5. Commit your changes in logical chunks. Please adhere to these [git commit
-   message guidelines](http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html)
+   message guidelines](https://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html)
    or your content is unlikely be merged into the main project. Use Git's
-   [interactive rebase](https://help.github.com/articles/about-git-rebase/)
+   [interactive rebase](https://docs.github.com/en/get-started/using-git/about-git-rebase)
    feature to tidy up your commits before making them public.
 
 6. Locally merge (or rebase) the upstream development branch into your topic branch:
@@ -89,20 +89,20 @@ included in the project:
    git push origin <topic-branch-name>
    ```
 
-8. [Open a Pull Request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/)
+8. [Open a Pull Request](https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-pull-requests)
     with a clear title and description.
 
 
 ## Contribution Agreement and Usage
 
 By submitting a pull request to this repository, you agree to allow the project
 owners to license your work under the the terms of the [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike
-3.0 Unported License](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
+3.0 Unported License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
 
 The same content and license will be used for all PHP The Right Way publications,
 including - but not limited to:
 
-* [phptherightway.com](http://phptherightway.com)
+* [phptherightway.com](https://phptherightway.com)
 * Translations of phptherightway.com
 * [LeanPub: PHP The Right Way](https://leanpub.com/phptherightway/)
 * Translations of "LeanPub: PHP The Right Way"
@@ -116,4 +116,4 @@ All content is completely free now, and always will be.
 3. Wrap all text to 120 characters
 4. Code samples should adhere to PSR-1 or higher
 5. Use [GitHub Flavored Markdown](https://github.github.com/gfm/) for all content
-6. Use language agnostic urls when referring to external websites such as the [php.net](http://php.net/urlhowto.php) manual
+6. Use language agnostic urls when referring to external websites such as the [php.net](https://www.php.net/urlhowto.php) manual

LICENSE

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 Copyright (c) 2013 Josh Lockhart
 
-http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
+https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

README.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ You should read the `CONTRIBUTING.md` file for precise instructions and tips. Bu
 
 ### Contributor Style Guide
 
-1. Use American English spelling (*primary English repo only*)
+1. Use American English spelling (*primary English repo only*).
 2. Use four (4) spaces to indent text; do not use tabs.
 3. Wrap all text to 120 characters.
 4. Code samples should adhere to PSR-1 or higher.

_includes/welcome.md

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 There's a lot of outdated information on the Web that leads new PHP users astray,
 propagating bad practices and insecure code. _PHP: The Right Way_ is an easy-to-read,
 quick reference for PHP popular coding standards, links to authoritative tutorials
-around the Web and what the contributors consider to be best practices at the present
-time.
+around the Web, and what the contributors consider to be best practices at present.
 
 _There is no canonical way to use PHP_. This website aims to introduce new PHP
 developers to some topics which they may not discover until it is too late, and aims
@@ -20,25 +19,26 @@ and examples as they become available.
 
 _PHP: The Right Way_ is translated into many different languages:
 
-* [English](http://www.phptherightway.com)
-* [Español](http://phpdevenezuela.github.io/php-the-right-way)
-* [Français](http://eilgin.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
-* [Indonesia](http://id.phptherightway.com)
-* [Italiano](http://it.phptherightway.com)
-* [Polski](http://pl.phptherightway.com)
-* [Português do Brasil](http://br.phptherightway.com)
+* [English](https://www.phptherightway.com)
+* [Deutsch](https://rwetzlmayr.github.io/php-the-right-way)
+* [Español](https://phpdevenezuela.github.io/php-the-right-way)
+* [Français](https://eilgin.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
+* [Indonesia](https://id.phptherightway.com)
+* [Italiano](https://it.phptherightway.com)
+* [Polski](https://pl.phptherightway.com)
+* [Português do Brasil](https://br.phptherightway.com)
 * [Română](https://bgui.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
-* [Slovenščina](http://sl.phptherightway.com)
-* [Srpski](http://phpsrbija.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
-* [Türkçe](http://hkulekci.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
-* [български](http://bg.phptherightway.com)
-* [Русский язык](http://getjump.github.io/ru-php-the-right-way)
-* [Українська](http://iflista.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
+* [Slovenščina](https://sl.phptherightway.com)
+* [Srpski](https://phpsrbija.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
+* [Türkçe](https://hkulekci.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
+* [български](https://bg.phptherightway.com)
+* [Русский язык](https://getjump.github.io/ru-php-the-right-way)
+* [Українська](https://iflista.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
 * [العربية](https://adaroobi.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
-* [فارسى](http://novid.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
+* [فارسى](https://novid.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
 * [ภาษาไทย](https://apzentral.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
-* [한국어판](http://modernpug.github.io/php-the-right-way)
-* [日本語](http://ja.phptherightway.com)
+* [한국어판](https://modernpug.github.io/php-the-right-way)
+* [日本語](https://ja.phptherightway.com)
 * [简体中文](https://laravel-china.github.io/php-the-right-way/)
 * [繁體中文](https://laravel-taiwan.github.io/php-the-right-way)
 

_posts/01-02-01-Use-the-Current-Stable-Version.md

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 ---
-title:   Use the Current Stable Version (8.1)
+title:   Use the Current Stable Version (8.2)
 isChild: true
 anchor:  use_the_current_stable_version
 ---
 
-## Use the Current Stable Version (8.1) {#use_the_current_stable_version_title}
+## Use the Current Stable Version (8.2) {#use_the_current_stable_version_title}
 
-If you are getting started with PHP, start with the current stable release of [PHP 8.1][php-release]. PHP 8.x adds many [new features](#language_highlights) over the older 7.x and 5.x versions. The engine has been largely re-written, and PHP is now even quicker than older versions. PHP 8 is a major update of the language and contains many new features and optimizations.
+If you are getting started with PHP, start with the current stable release of [PHP 8.2][php-release]. PHP 8.x adds many [new features](#language_highlights) over the older 7.x and 5.x versions. The engine has been largely re-written, and PHP is now even quicker than older versions. PHP 8 is a major update of the language and contains many new features and optimizations.
 
-You should try to upgrade to the latest stable version quickly - PHP 5.6 [is already End of Life](http://php.net/supported-versions.php). Upgrading is easy, as there are not many [backwards compatibility breaks][php-bc]. If you are not sure which version a function or feature is in, you can check the PHP documentation on the [php.net][php-docs] website.
+You should try to upgrade to the latest stable version quickly - PHP 7.4 [is already End of Life][php-supported]. Upgrading is easy, as there are not many backwards compatibility breaks [PHP 8.0][php-bc-80], [PHP 8.1][php-bc-81], [PHP 8.2][php-bc-82]. If you are not sure which version a function or feature is in, you can check the PHP documentation on the [php.net][php-docs] website.
 
-[php-release]: http://php.net/downloads.php
-[php-docs]: http://php.net/manual/
-[php-bc]: http://php.net/manual/migration81.incompatible.php
+[php-release]: https://www.php.net/downloads.php
+[php-supported]: https://www.php.net/supported-versions.php
+[php-docs]: https://www.php.net/manual/
+[php-bc-80]: https://www.php.net/manual/migration80.incompatible.php
+[php-bc-81]: https://www.php.net/manual/migration81.incompatible.php
+[php-bc-82]: https://www.php.net/manual/migration82.incompatible.php

_posts/01-03-01-Built-in-Web-Server.md

@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ To start the server, run the following command from your terminal in your projec
 * [Learn about the built-in, command line web server][cli-server]
 
 
-[cli-server]: http://php.net/features.commandline.webserver
+[cli-server]: https://www.php.net/features.commandline.webserver

_posts/01-04-01-Mac-Setup.md

@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ isChild: true
 anchor:  mac_setup
 ---
 
-## Mac Setup {#mac_setup_title}
+## macOS Setup {#mac_setup_title}
 
 macOS comes prepackaged with PHP but it is normally a little behind the latest stable release. There are multiple ways to install the latest PHP version on macOS.
 
 ### Install PHP via Homebrew
 
-[Homebrew] is a package manager for macOS that helps you easily install PHP and various extensions. The Homebrew core repository provides "formulae" for PHP 5.6, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0 and PHP 8.1. Install the latest version with this command:
+[Homebrew] is a package manager for macOS that helps you easily install PHP and various extensions. The Homebrew core repository provides "formulae" for PHP 7.4, 8.0, 8.1 and PHP 8.2. Install the latest version with this command:
 
 ```
-brew install php@8.1
+brew install php@8.2
 ```
 
 You can switch between Homebrew PHP versions by modifying your `PATH` variable. Alternatively, you can use [brew-php-switcher][brew-php-switcher] to switch PHP versions automatically.
@@ -21,33 +21,33 @@ You can also switch between PHP versions manually by unlinking and linking the w
 
 ```
 brew unlink php
-brew link --overwrite php@8.0
+brew link --overwrite php@8.1
 ```
 
 ```
 brew unlink php
-brew link --overwrite php@8.1
+brew link --overwrite php@8.2
 ```
 
 ### Install PHP via Macports
 
 The [MacPorts] Project is an open-source community initiative to design an
 easy-to-use system for compiling, installing, and upgrading either
-command-line, X11 or Aqua based open-source software on the OS X operating
+command-line, X11 or Aqua based open-source software on the macOS operating
 system.
 
 MacPorts supports pre-compiled binaries, so you don't need to recompile every
 dependency from the source tarball files, it saves your life if you don't
 have any package installed on your system.
 
-At this point, you can install `php54`, `php55`, `php56`, `php70`, `php71`, `php72`, `php73`, `php74`, `php80` or `php81` using the `port install` command, for example:
+At this point, you can install `php54`, `php55`, `php56`, `php70`, `php71`, `php72`, `php73`, `php74`, `php80`, `php81`  or `php82` using the `port install` command, for example:
 
     sudo port install php74
-    sudo port install php81
+    sudo port install php82
 
 And you can run `select` command to switch your active PHP:
 
-    sudo port select --set php php81
+    sudo port select --set php php82
 
 ### Install PHP via phpbrew
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ It doesn't overwrite the PHP binaries installed by Apple, but installs everythin
 
 Another option that gives you control over the version of PHP you install, is to [compile it yourself][mac-compile].
 In that case be sure to have installed either [Xcode][xcode-gcc-substitution] or Apple's substitute
-["Command Line Tools for XCode"] downloadable from Apple's Mac Developer Center.
+["Command Line Tools for XCode"] downloadable from Apple's Developer Center.
 
 ### All-in-One Installers
 
@@ -72,15 +72,14 @@ The solutions listed above mainly handle PHP itself, and do not supply things li
 you and tie them all together, but ease of setup comes with a trade-off of flexibility.
 
 [Homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
-[Homebrew PHP]: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-php#installation
 [MacPorts]: https://www.macports.org/install.php
 [phpbrew]: https://github.com/phpbrew/phpbrew
-[php-osx.liip.ch]: https://php-osx.liip.ch/
-[mac-compile]: https://secure.php.net/install.macosx.compile
+[php-osx.liip.ch]: https://web.archive.org/web/20220505163210/https://php-osx.liip.ch/
+[mac-compile]: https://www.php.net/install.macosx.compile
 [xcode-gcc-substitution]: https://github.com/kennethreitz/osx-gcc-installer
 ["Command Line Tools for XCode"]: https://developer.apple.com/downloads
 [apache]: https://httpd.apache.org/
 [nginx]: https://www.nginx.com/
 [mamp-downloads]: https://www.mamp.info/en/downloads/
-[xampp]: https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html
+[xampp]: https://www.apachefriends.org/
 [brew-php-switcher]: https://github.com/philcook/brew-php-switcher

_posts/01-05-01-Windows-Setup.md

@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@ live. If you are developing on Windows and deploying to Linux (or anything non-W
 
 Chris Tankersley has a very helpful blog post on what tools he uses to do [PHP development using Windows][windows-tools].
 
-[easyphp]: http://www.easyphp.org/
+[easyphp]: https://www.easyphp.org/
 [phpmanager]: http://phpmanager.codeplex.com/
-[openserver]: http://open-server.ru/
-[wamp]: http://www.wampserver.com/en/
-[php-downloads]: http://windows.php.net/download/
-[php-iis]: http://php.iis.net/
-[windows-path]: http://www.windows-commandline.com/set-path-command-line/
-[windows-tools]: http://ctankersley.com/2016/11/13/developing-on-windows-2016/
-[xampp]: http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp.html
+[openserver]: https://ospanel.io/
+[wamp]: https://www.wampserver.com/en/
+[php-downloads]: https://windows.php.net/download/
+[php-iis]: https://php.iis.net/
+[windows-path]: https://www.windows-commandline.com/set-path-command-line/
+[windows-tools]: https://ctankersley.com/2016/11/13/developing-on-windows-2016/
+[xampp]: https://www.apachefriends.org/

_posts/01-06-01-Linux-Setup.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+---
+isChild: true
+anchor:  linux_setup
+---
+
+## Linux Setup {#linux_setup_title}
+
+Most GNU/Linux distributions come with PHP available from the official repositories, but those packages usually are a little behind the current stable version. There are multiple ways to get newer PHP versions on such distributions. On Ubuntu and Debian-based GNU/Linux distributions, for instance, the best alternatives for native packages are provided and maintened by [Ondřej Surý][Ondrej Sury Blog], through his Personal Package Archive (PPA) on Ubuntu and DPA/bikeshed on Debian. Find instructions for each of these below. All that said, you can always use containers, compile the PHP Source code, etc.
+
+### Ubuntu-based distributions
+
+For Ubuntu distributions, the [PPA by Ondřej Surý][Ondrej Sury PPA] provides supported PHP versions along with many PECL extensions. To add this PPA to your system, perform the following steps in your terminal:
+
+1. First, add the PPA to your system's software sources using the command:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
+   ```
+
+2. After adding the PPA, update your system's package list:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo apt update
+   ```
+
+This will ensure that your system can access and install the latest PHP packages available in the PPA.
+
+#### Debian-based distributions
+
+For Debian-based distributions, Ondřej Surý also provides a [bikeshed][bikeshed] (Debian equivalent of a PPA). To add the bikeshed to your system and update it, follow these steps:
+
+1. Ensure that you have root access. If not, you might need to use `sudo` for the following commands.
+
+2. Update your system's package list:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo apt-get update
+   ```
+
+3. Install `lsb-release`, `ca-certificates`, and `curl`:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo apt-get -y install lsb-release ca-certificates curl
+   ```
+
+4. Download the signing key for the repository:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo curl -sSLo /usr/share/keyrings/deb.sury.org-php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg
+   ```
+
+5. Add the repository to your system's software sources:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/deb.sury.org-php.gpg] https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list'
+   ```
+
+6. Finally, update your system's package list again:
+
+   ```bash
+   sudo apt-get update
+   ```
+
+With these steps, your system will be able to install the latest PHP packages from the bikeshed.
+
+[Ondrej Sury Blog]: https://deb.sury.org/
+[Ondrej Sury PPA]: https://launchpad.net/~ondrej/+archive/ubuntu/php
+[bikeshed]: https://packages.sury.org/php/

_posts/01-06-01-Common-Directory-Structure.md renamed to _posts/01-07-01-Common-Directory-Structure.md

@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ For each team, CMS, or framework one works in, a standard directory structure is
 
 [Paul M. Jones] has done some fantastic research into common practices of tens of thousands of github projects in the realm of PHP. He has compiled a standard file and directory structure, the [Standard PHP Package Skeleton], based on this research. In this directory structure, `DocumentRoot` should point to `public/`, unit tests should be in the `tests/` directory, and third party libraries, as installed by [composer], belong in the `vendor/` directory. For other files and directories, abiding by the [Standard PHP Package Skeleton] will make the most sense to contributors of a project.
 
-[Paul M. Jones]: http://paul-m-jones.com/
+[Paul M. Jones]: https://paul-m-jones.com/
 [Standard PHP Package Skeleton]: https://github.com/php-pds/skeleton
 [Composer]: /#composer_and_packagist