diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index dd1430a..149e5ac 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub.
+# This workflow uses actions that are not certified by GitHub.
 # They are provided by a third-party and are governed by
 # separate terms of service, privacy policy, and support
 # documentation.
@@ -51,3 +51,18 @@ jobs:
         with:
           sarif_file: rust-clippy-results.sarif
           wait-for-processing: true
+
+      - name: Install required cargo
+        run: cargo install cargo-tarpaulin
+
+      - name: Generate code coverage
+        run:
+          cargo tarpaulin
+          --all-features
+          --workspace --timeout 120 --out xml
+
+      - name: Upload to codecov.io
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5
+        with:
+          token: ${{secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN}}
+          fail_ci_if_error: true
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index e575dcc..78062ac 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Changed
+
+- Compatible with meaningless input: Merging 0 or 1 dimensions will not change the layout;
+
 ### Added
 
-- Add `to_inline_size` function, to copy data from `ArrayLayout<N>` into `ArrayLayout<M>`.
+- Add `to_inline_size` function, to copy data from `ArrayLayout<N>` into `ArrayLayout<M>`;
 
 ## [0.2.1] - 2025-03-28
 
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 685f8ba..e4ac656 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -3,7 +3,10 @@ name = "ndarray-layout"
 description = "This crate provides definitions and transformations for multi-dimensional array data layouts."
 version = "0.2.1"
 edition = "2024"
-authors = ["YdrMaster <ydrml@hotmail.com>"]
+authors = [
+    "YdrMaster <ydrml@hotmail.com>",
+    "Simon25772 <ssh.king@qq.com>",
+]
 repository = "https://github.com/InfiniTensor/ndarray-layout.git"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/ndarray-layout"
 license = "MIT"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index a9c80a9..2f0278f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 [![Latest version](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/ndarray-layout.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/ndarray-layout)
 [![Documentation](https://docs.rs/ndarray-layout/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/ndarray-layout)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/InfiniTensor/ndarray-layout)](https://mit-license.org/)
+[![codecov](https://codecov.io/github/Simon25772/ndarray-layout/branch/ShenghuSu/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/github/Simon25772/ndarray-layout/tree/Shenghu)
 ![GitHub repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/InfiniTensor/ndarray-layout)
 ![GitHub code size in bytes](https://img.shields.io/github/languages/code-size/InfiniTensor/ndarray-layout)
 
@@ -12,4 +13,43 @@
 ![GitHub contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/InfiniTensor/ndarray-layout)
 ![GitHub commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/m/InfiniTensor/ndarray-layout)
 
-This crate provides definitions and transformations for multi-dimensional array data layouts.
+*ndarray-layout* 是一个用于处理多维数组布局的 *Rust* 库，它提供了 `ArrayLayout` 结构体，用于高效管理和操作多维数组的元信息，如形状、步长和偏移量等。这个库在处理多维数组时，提供了灵活且高效的布局管理方式，能够满足不同场景下对数组布局的操作需求。
+
+## 主要功能特点
+
+### 多维数组布局管理
+
+- `ArrayLayout` 结构体支持指定任意维度的数组布局，通过 `new` 方法可以创建具有指定形状、步长和偏移量的布局;
+- 提供 `new_contiguous` 方法，用于创建连续的数组布局，支持大端序（`BigEndian`）和小端序（`LittleEndian`）两种存储顺序;
+
+### 元信息访问
+
+- 提供便捷的方法来访问数组布局的元信息，如 `ndim`、`offset`、`shape` 和 `strides` 等;
+- 支持计算数组元素的偏移量和数据范围，方便进行内存访问和数据处理;
+
+### 布局操作功能
+
+- 提供多种布局变换方法，如 `index`、`tile`、`transpose`、`merge` 和 `slice` 等，方便对数组布局进行各种变换操作;
+
+## 使用示例
+
+```rust
+use ndarray_layout::{ArrayLayout, BroadcastArg};
+
+// 创建一个新的 `ArrayLayout` 实例。
+// 形状为 [1, 2, 3]，步长为 [12, 4, 1]，偏移量为 0。
+let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[1, 2, 3], &[12, 4, 1], 0);
+
+// 验证初始的形状和步长。
+assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[1, 2, 3]);
+assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, 4, 1]);
+assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+
+// 对第 0 维进行广播变换，广播次数为 4。
+let broadcasted_layout = layout.broadcast(0, 4);
+
+// 验证广播变换后的形状和步长。
+assert_eq!(broadcasted_layout.shape(), &[4, 2, 3]);
+assert_eq!(broadcasted_layout.strides(), &[0, 4, 1]);
+assert_eq!(broadcasted_layout.offset(), 0);
+```
diff --git a/src/fmt.rs b/src/fmt.rs
index 501c319..63381f0 100644
--- a/src/fmt.rs
+++ b/src/fmt.rs
@@ -112,4 +112,7 @@ fn test() {
 
     let tensor = Tensor(tensor.0.tile_be(0, &[2, 3]).tile_be(2, &[5, 2]));
     println!("{}", tensor);
+
+    let tensor = Tensor(ArrayLayout::<4>::with_ndim(0));
+    println!("{}", tensor);
 }
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 83e7e5c..3097f88 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
             content.set_stride(i, mul);
             mul *= shape[i] as isize;
         };
+        // 大端小端区别在于是否反转
         match endian {
             Endian::BigEndian => (0..shape.len()).rev().for_each(push),
             Endian::LittleEndian => (0..shape.len()).for_each(push),
@@ -181,6 +182,13 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
     }
 
     /// Calculates the range of data in bytes to determine the location of the memory area that the array needs to access.
+    ///
+    /// ```rust
+    /// # use ndarray_layout::ArrayLayout;
+    /// let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3, 4],&[12, -4, 1], 20);
+    /// let range = layout.data_range();
+    /// assert_eq!(range, 12..=35);
+    /// ```
     pub fn data_range(&self) -> RangeInclusive<isize> {
         let content = self.content();
         let mut start = content.offset();
@@ -214,6 +222,7 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
     #[inline]
     fn ptr_allocated(&self) -> Option<NonNull<usize>> {
         const { assert!(N > 0) }
+        // ndim > N 则 content 是 ptr，否则是元组。
         if self.ndim > N {
             Some(unsafe { self.content.ptr })
         } else {
@@ -327,3 +336,87 @@ impl Content<true> {
 fn layout(ndim: usize) -> Layout {
     Layout::array::<usize>(1 + ndim * 2).unwrap()
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_new() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, -4, 1], 20);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 20);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, -4, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.ndim(), 3);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_new_contiguous_little_endian() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new_contiguous(&[2, 3, 4], Endian::LittleEndian, 4);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[4, 8, 24]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_new_contiguous_big_endian() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new_contiguous(&[2, 3, 4], Endian::LittleEndian, 4);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[4, 8, 24]);
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[should_panic(expected = "shape and strides must have the same length")]
+fn test_new_invalid_shape_strides_length() {
+    ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3], &[12, -4, 1], 20);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_to_inline_size() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new_contiguous(&[3, 4], Endian::BigEndian, 0);
+    assert_eq!(size_of_val(&layout), (2 * 4 + 2) * size_of::<usize>());
+    let layout = layout.to_inline_size::<2>();
+    assert_eq!(size_of_val(&layout), (2 * 2 + 2) * size_of::<usize>());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_num_elements() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new_contiguous(&[2, 3, 4], Endian::BigEndian, 20);
+    assert_eq!(layout.num_elements(), 24);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_element_offset_little_endian() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new_contiguous(&[2, 3, 4], Endian::LittleEndian, 4);
+    assert_eq!(layout.element_offset(22, Endian::LittleEndian), 88);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_element_offset_big_endian() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new_contiguous(&[2, 3, 4], Endian::BigEndian, 4);
+    assert_eq!(layout.element_offset(22, Endian::BigEndian), 88);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_data_range_positive_strides() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new_contiguous(&[2, 3, 4], Endian::LittleEndian, 4);
+    let range = layout.data_range();
+    assert_eq!(range, 0..=92); // 0 + 2*4 + 3*8 + 4*24 = 92
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_data_range_mixed_strides() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, -4, 0], 20);
+    let range = layout.data_range();
+    assert_eq!(range, 12..=32);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_clone_and_eq() {
+    let layout1 = ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, -4, 1], 20);
+    let layout2 = layout1.clone();
+    assert!(layout1.eq(&layout2));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_drop() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, -4, 1], 20);
+    drop(layout);
+}
diff --git a/src/transform/broadcast.rs b/src/transform/broadcast.rs
index f2cca39..87a2c96 100644
--- a/src/transform/broadcast.rs
+++ b/src/transform/broadcast.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::ArrayLayout;
 
-/// 索引变换参数。
+/// 广播变换参数。
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 pub struct BroadcastArg {
     /// 广播的轴。
@@ -35,3 +35,11 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
         ans
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_broadcast() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[1, 5, 2], &[10, 2, 1], 0).broadcast(0, 10);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[10, 5, 2]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[0, 2, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/transform/index.rs b/src/transform/index.rs
index b959595..5b8f1fc 100644
--- a/src/transform/index.rs
+++ b/src/transform/index.rs
@@ -78,4 +78,19 @@ fn test() {
     assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 4]);
     assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, 1]);
     assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 12);
+
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, -4, 1], 20);
+    let layout = layout.index_many(&[]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, -4, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 20);
+
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, -4, 1], 20);
+    let layout = layout.index_many(&[
+        IndexArg { axis: 0, index: 1 },
+        IndexArg { axis: 1, index: 2 },
+    ]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 24);
 }
diff --git a/src/transform/merge.rs b/src/transform/merge.rs
index d149ad7..ebae853 100644
--- a/src/transform/merge.rs
+++ b/src/transform/merge.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,11 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
         let shape = content.shape();
         let strides = content.strides();
 
-        let merged = args.iter().map(|arg| arg.len).sum::<usize>();
+        let merged = args.iter().map(|arg| arg.len.max(1)).sum::<usize>();
+        if merged == args.len() {
+            return Some(self.clone());
+        }
+
         let mut ans = Self::with_ndim(self.ndim + args.len() - merged);
 
         let mut content = ans.content_mut();
@@ -93,7 +97,7 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
             let &MergeArg { start, len, endian } = arg;
             let end = start + len;
 
-            if len == 0 {
+            if len < 2 {
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -109,6 +113,9 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
                     _ => pairs.push((d, s)),
                 }
             }
+
+            last_end = end;
+
             if pairs.is_empty() {
                 push(1, 0);
                 continue;
@@ -131,7 +138,6 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
             }
 
             push(d, *s);
-            last_end = end;
         }
         for j in last_end..shape.len() {
             push(shape[j], strides[j]);
@@ -142,7 +148,23 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_merge() {
+fn test_merge_return_none() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[16, 4, 2], &[8, 4, 1], 0).merge_be(0, 3);
+    assert!(layout.is_none());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_merge_pairs_empyt() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[1, 1, 1], &[1, 1, 1], 0)
+        .merge_be(0, 2)
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[1, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[0, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_merge_be_example() {
     let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[16, 1, 4], &[16, 768, 4], 0)
         .merge_be(0, 2)
         .unwrap();
@@ -150,3 +172,43 @@ fn test_merge() {
     assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[16, 4]);
     assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_merge_le_example() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[4, 3, 2], &[1, 4, 12], 0);
+    let merged_layout = layout.merge_le(0, 3).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.shape(), &[24]);
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.strides(), &[1]);
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.offset(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_merge_len_zero() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[4, 3, 2], &[1, 4, 12], 0);
+    let merged_layout = layout.merge_le(0, 0).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.shape(), &[4, 3, 2]);
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.strides(), &[1, 4, 12]);
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.offset(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_partial_merge() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<4>::new(&[2, 3, 4, 5], &[60, 20, 5, 1], 0);
+    let merged_layout = layout.merge_be(1, 2).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.shape(), &[2, 12, 5]);
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.strides(), &[60, 5, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.offset(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_merge_free_example() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[3, 2, 4], &[4, 12, 1], 0);
+    let merged_layout = layout.merge_free(0, 3).unwrap();
+
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.shape(), &[24]);
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.strides(), &[1]);
+    assert_eq!(merged_layout.offset(), 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/transform/slice.rs b/src/transform/slice.rs
index 815ca07..9a3695e 100644
--- a/src/transform/slice.rs
+++ b/src/transform/slice.rs
@@ -93,3 +93,39 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
         ans
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_slice() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, 4, 1], 0).slice(1, 2, -1, 2);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 2, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, -4, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 8);
+
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, 4, 1], 0).slice(1, 2, 0, 2);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 2, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, 0, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 8);
+
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, 4, 1], 0).slice(1, 0, 1, 2);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 2, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, 4, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, 4, 1], 0).slice_many(&[
+        SliceArg {
+            axis: 1,
+            start: 0,
+            step: 1,
+            len: 2,
+        },
+        SliceArg {
+            axis: 2,
+            start: 0,
+            step: 1,
+            len: 4,
+        },
+    ]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 2, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, 4, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/transform/split.rs b/src/transform/split.rs
index eb8a320..9e28219 100644
--- a/src/transform/split.rs
+++ b/src/transform/split.rs
@@ -51,3 +51,17 @@ impl<const N: usize> Iterator for Split<'_, N> {
         })
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_split() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, 4, 1], 0);
+    let mut splits = layout.split(2, &[1, 3]);
+    let layout = splits.next().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, 4, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+    let layout = splits.next().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 3]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[12, 4, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 1);
+}
diff --git a/src/transform/tile.rs b/src/transform/tile.rs
index d0165c0..d0b655b 100644
--- a/src/transform/tile.rs
+++ b/src/transform/tile.rs
@@ -127,3 +127,46 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
         ans
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tile_be() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 6], &[18, 6, 1], 0).tile_be(2, &[2, 3]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 2, 3]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[18, 6, 3, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_tile_le() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 6], &[18, 6, 1], 0).tile_le(2, &[2, 3]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 2, 3]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[18, 6, 1, 2]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_empty_tile() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 6], &[18, 6, 1], 0).tile_many(&[]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 3, 6]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[18, 6, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_multiple_tiles() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 6], &[18, 6, 1], 0).tile_many(&[
+        TileArg {
+            axis: 0,
+            endian: Endian::BigEndian,
+            tiles: &[2, 1],
+        },
+        TileArg {
+            axis: 2,
+            endian: Endian::BigEndian,
+            tiles: &[2, 3],
+        },
+    ]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[2, 1, 3, 2, 3]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[18, 18, 6, 3, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/transform/transpose.rs b/src/transform/transpose.rs
index 1000739..30009d6 100644
--- a/src/transform/transpose.rs
+++ b/src/transform/transpose.rs
@@ -41,3 +41,16 @@ impl<const N: usize> ArrayLayout<N> {
         ans
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_transpose() {
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, 4, 1], 0).transpose(&[1, 0]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[3, 2, 4]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[4, 12, 1]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+
+    let layout = ArrayLayout::<3>::new(&[2, 3, 4], &[12, 4, 1], 0).transpose(&[2, 0]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.shape(), &[4, 3, 2]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.strides(), &[1, 4, 12]);
+    assert_eq!(layout.offset(), 0);
+}