README.md

A simulation of the GT40. A graphics terminal manufactured by the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).

The simulation is based upon the pdp11 simulator from Simh. https://github.com/simh/simh The original display system code developed by Matt Burke, Phil Budne, Alan Frisbie and others has been significantly modified to add a simulated KY11-J front panel which is functional. Similarly, I would like to thank Lars Brinkhoff for his expert assistance is getting the ITS graphics interfaces running. The original graphics for this panel were provided by Joerg Hoppe and are planned to be included in his Blinkebone-panelsim system at some stage. The rationale behind this project is that we can now move beyond simple terminal windows for these simulated system to simulations that allow for a more coherent experience of using these old computers. Clearly this is why Oscar's PiDP8 and PiDP11 have been so successful as have Joerg's simulated panels which give us much more of a feel for how these systems were used. In addition, the GT40 was one of the graphics systems that were developed at the same time as the PDP10 and PDP11. I would note the PDP10 in particular as Oscar is in the process of developing the PiDP10 and, to run on this system, ITS is probably the main game in town for which there is also graphics support.

Introduction:

The GT40 is a self contained graphics/text terminal developed by DEC and first introduced in 1972. A complete outline of this device can be found in the users guide: EK-GT40-OP-002_GT40_GT42_Users_Guide_Feb75.pdf This is included in this download.

Building the system:

The download contains makefiles for Linux, MacOSX and Windows.

This application depends upon SDL2 for graphics. Please install the dev files for this first.

eg (Linux) sudo apt-get install libsdl2-dev (MacOSX) brew install sdl2 (Windows) for this OS you will need the windows build system for simh. This is contained in a separate directory and should be included in your VS projects directory.

1. Linux From GT40 directory, make will build the gt40 binary and make a copy in the BIN Directory.
2. MacOSX From the GT40 directory, build with make -f makefile.simh. This will result in a binary name 'pdp11' in the BIN directory. You can rename it to gt40. The reason for not changing the name of the executable is due to the complex structure of the simh makefile.
3. Windows There is a Visual Studio project file in the 'Visual Studio Projects' directory. To build this you will need a version of Visual Studio >= 2008.

Howto:

The GT40 is a terminal that is connected to a master system via a serial line. It consists

of a pdp 11/05 processor with a VT11 display system. To act as a terminal the 11/05 requires a programme. First, try the script rt11 in the .BIN directory with (Linux/OSX) ./gt40 rt11 : This script will setup a DL11 serial port and connect it to the master system and port as above. Also, the script will attach an RT11 image to RL0 and a graphics utilities disk to RK0. In addition, the script will load the standard GT40 rom. Finally, the script will load a terminal interface app (vt07.bin) that maybe used to connect to ITS. To this end, there are a number of options:

1. The GT40 was supplied with a boot rom containing a minimal terminal interface programme. An image of the rom is in ./BIN/bootvt.img and this can be loaded in the simh rom system. The rom image is loaded to address 17766000 which is also the start address. This may be started by pressing 'Load Address' and the 'Start' as the SR is already set. Apparently, nothing will happen. This is because, being a serial terminal, any characters sent before starting the programme will be lost. If you test it using the telnet port to another system, just start typing the username and the login prompt will appear. The, you are online with a very basic terminal. It is little better than a teletype.

2. If you wish, you can use the VT07 terminal system to connect to any system, not just ITS. Set the SR to 1000 press 'Load Address' and 'Start' and carry on as above. This is a slighly more reliable terminal which also contains a graphics interface and may be used with EMACS under ITS. Again, you will see only a cursor. Start typing to move things along.

3. RT11 may be used to build graphics apps with either BASIC/RT11 saved as GBASIC.SAV or, FORTRAN. See DRAW.FOR. RT11 can be booted from the simh prompt with boot rl0. In addition, there is an RT11 app GTERM.SAV. This is another very simple terminal programme that uses the RT11 VT11 scroller system to display the text. It is not a VT100 sim!!!!! Alternatively you can be a real programmer and toggle in the RL02 bootstrap from the 11/05 panel. See: DEC-11-LBACA-D-D_basicRTlangRef_Oct74 (included)

4. If you want to try your hand with ITS, you will need to download the latest build from github https://github.com/PDP-10/its. To connect to this, you can use either the VT07 script as above to connect to port 10019 on the ITS system. Or, use the rom bootstrap, login to ITS and then the GTLOAD app to load the VT07 binary from the ITS server. Then you can play with Lisp/Logo or the incomprehensible Stanford University Drawing System (SUDS)!

5. The focal script loads and runs FocalGT. This also contains a primitive terminal interface that is usually used with VTCOM under RT11. See: FOCAL-GT_RT_UsersMan

6. Finally, games. Needless to say, Lunar Lander is still in and can be run from the rt11 script simh prompt with boot vt. There is a copy of Space War that can be loaded with the command load sw.lda and then run. This game uses the switch register for control. Find out which one is which yourself! NB: to boot vt for Lunar lander use this script:
   set vt crt=vr14
   set vt scale=2
   set vt ena
   boot vt
   

   In conclusion, this GT40 app is another step towards a complete virtual machine and at least provides a genuine green screen experience. I think the display resolution is a bit low at the moment. However, scaling the whole thing is a bit of a challenge as it already takes up quite a bit of space on my 2560x1440 (1440P) monitor. For the next step, a 4K monitor is required! Also, I would request that if anyone has a really nice picture of a VR17 that could be used instead of the current VR14, do drop me a line.

   This software is provided under GPLv3. Ian Schofield Jan 2021.

   Comments for 2022::

7. This app will not buid for Windows using Visual Studio 2019/2022 due to the well known __iob_func problem. This error is quite hard to fix and requires a new version of SDL. I stongly suggest that you use Visual Studio 2008 at the moment until this can be fixed. In the meanwhile, change the linked library setting to include SDL2.dll and remove the definition HAVE_LIBPNG.
   

8. There is a new version of Spacewar available. Many thanks to Lars Brinkhoff for sorting this out.
   It can be found at: https://github.com/pdp11/mit-gt40-spacewar
   This also means that you can become a DOS-11 expert!

Update Oct 2023:

This update is for evaluation purposes at the moment.
1: recent 64 bit SDL2 libraries do not allow UpdateWindowSurface off the SDL main thread. Mloop() and refresh() have been updated to correct this. This does affect the screen refresh so any comments about display quality would be great.
2: console command injection which is used for key strokes into the GT40 UI window has been updated as the use of TIOCSTI is deprecated. The update is to the console KL11 handler in pdp11_stddev such that a key event in the UI window is now injected into the KL11 (or remote) input stream. This is equivalent to having an LK40 keyboard linked to the 11/05 console KL11. Now, you can have the UI in focus and type into the screen. This still works in Windows. This update has been tested in Fedora 38 64 bit. Other new distros should be OK.

Ian Schofield Oct 2023.

See above. This update to sim_video_gt40.c is significant. The display logic has been changed to take advantage of a number of useful features of SDL2. However, this also gets into game territory where anything less that 180 FPS means you have no chance! The display update is now frame synced and called from Mloop(). Now, Refresh() is slaved to Mloop() rather then the other way around. This considerably reduces display flicker and shading. This has been tested in Fedora 38 64bit and Windows. The app will also work on a Pi. I have tried Bookworm 64bit on a Pi4 to do this. But, the app really hammers the CPU so I cannot recommend this device. (For the Pi app to work, you need: export SDL_VIDEODRIVER=x11 and export SDL_VIDEO_X11_XRANDR=0). As this update may cause some problems, I have left a previous copy of sim_video_gt40.c in the repo

Ian Schofield Oct 2023.

This build has some further updates to the display system. The Refresh() function is now called from Mloop() which is synced to the monitor frame rate. Also, the original sync system in vt11.c has been disabled such that the VT11 hardware always runs as fast as possible. The effect of this is patricularly noticeable using the VT07 graphics app which uses a software character builder and is line synced. The line sync logic as above was always only an approximation to the true line frequency. Now that this is disabled, the VT07 display no longer flickers. As above, the app performance is still borderline on a Pi4. It may be that it is useable on a Pi5.

Ian Schofield Nov 2023.


Yet another minor change to the display system so that the app works on a Mac. This was tested in a VM running Sonoma. This was rather hard work as SDL works slighly differently.

Ian Schofield Nov 2023


This update adds some more versions of spacewar and a way of presetting the SR from SIMH. To do this use 'DEP SR xxxxx' before the 'SET VT ENA' command.
Please note that if you wish to try the GTLOAD option to connect to ITS, use the vt07 script and change lines 17 and 18 to 'boot rom0'. Using this option can cause a VT11 trap. If this occurs, change line 65 in PDP11/pdp_vt.c to '#define VT11_DELAY 20'. This trap occurs because the bootvt programme cannot keep up with the VT11 instruction fetches. In addition, I have included a script to run the VT11 embedded Lunar Lander. 'do lunar'. I have added two versions of Spacewar. Run with 'do spacewar'. This is from Lars Brinkhoff and I am not sure how it works. Run with 'do spwar'. I do not know where this is from but it uses the SR to control the ships. (Really hard!).
Finally as the amazing PiDP10 has arrived, I have added a specific ITS script. Use as 'do its (DNS name of your PiDP10)'. This will attach the GT40 to port 10019 and allow it to be used as a LLOGO display slave.
sim_txmr.c has been updated so that the telnet negociation now works.

Ian Schofield Mar 2024

This patch is to synchronise the screen update from the SDL2 code in MLoop() (sim_video_gt40.c)
In addition, this corrects a crash that can occur using the bootvt.img rom bootstrap.
To try/use this boostrap code see the its script. The boot image contains code that may be used to load binaries from ITS using the :GTLOAD command.
However, I would note that the Lunar Lander ITS binary never gets past the start screen.
To correct this, once the start screen is on the display, stop simh from the GT40 console (^e)
then type the following into simh: d psw 0 and then c. After a few seconds Lunar Lander will start.

Ian Schofield Jun 2024

After some thought, I have re-enabled the option to control simh with the PDP11/05 paddle switches.
This is achieved using the TIOCSTI ioctl. Please note the above in that this method is deprecated.
In the case of the KL11 mod, this injection is at the device handler level (line 297 pdp11_stddev.c).
Unfortunately there is no other obvious method of injecting text into the simh console.
I would note that the method used for windows does not seem to have attracted the same amount of attention.
The Linux code is at line 4031 in sim_console.c. Disable this if you wish.

Ian Schofield August 2024