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pandas-cheat-sheet.md.html
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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="utf-8"><title>Python Pandas Cheat Sheet.md</title><style>@charset "UTF-8";@import 'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/KaTeX/0.9.0-alpha2/katex.min.css';code{color:#c7254e;background-color:#f9f2f4;border-radius:4px}code,kbd{padding:2px 4px}kbd{color:#fff;background-color:#333;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25)}kbd kbd{padding:0;font-size:100%;box-shadow:none}pre{display:block;margin:0 0 10px;word-break:break-all;word-wrap:break-word;color:#333;background-color:#f5f5f5;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px}pre code{padding:0;font-size:inherit;color:inherit;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;border-radius:0}.pre-scrollable{max-height:340px;overflow-y:scroll}table{background-color:transparent}th{text-align:left}.table{width:100%;max-width:100%;margin-bottom:20px}.table>thead>tr>th{padding:8px;line-height:1.4285714;border-top:1px solid 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<h1 class="code-line" data-line-start="0" data-line-end="1"><a id="Python_Pandas_Cheat_Sheet_0"></a>Python Pandas Cheat Sheet</h1>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="2" data-line-end="3">This cheat sheet is a companion to the “Complete Python Pandas Data Science Tutorial.” For a more detailed walkthrough, check out the video <a href="https://youtu.be/2uvysYbKdjM?si=XKRf_4vf5MNv_UvF">here</a>.</p>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="4" data-line-end="5"><a id="Creating_DataFrames_4"></a>Creating DataFrames</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="6" data-line-end="7">Creating DataFrames is the foundation of using Pandas. Here’s how to create a simple DataFrame and display its content.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="9" data-line-end="25" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> pandas <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> pd
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
<span class="hljs-comment"># Create a simple DataFrame</span>
df = pd.DataFrame(
[[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">8</span>, <span class="hljs-number">9</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, <span class="hljs-number">11</span>, <span class="hljs-number">12</span>]],
columns=[<span class="hljs-string">"A"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"B"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"C"</span>],
index=[<span class="hljs-string">"x"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"y"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"z"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"zz"</span>]
)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Display the first few rows</span>
df.head()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Display the last two rows</span>
df.tail(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="26" data-line-end="27"><a id="Loading_Data_26"></a>Loading Data</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="27" data-line-end="28">Loading data into DataFrames from various file formats is crucial for real-world data analysis.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="30" data-line-end="39" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Load data from CSV</span>
coffee = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'./warmup-data/coffee.csv'</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Load data from Parquet</span>
results = pd.read_parquet(<span class="hljs-string">'./data/results.parquet'</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Load data from Excel</span>
olympics_data = pd.read_excel(<span class="hljs-string">'./data/olympics-data.xlsx'</span>, sheet_name=<span class="hljs-string">"results"</span>)
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="40" data-line-end="41"><a id="Accessing_Data_40"></a>Accessing Data</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="41" data-line-end="42">Accessing different parts of the DataFrame allows for flexible data manipulation and inspection.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="44" data-line-end="66" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Access columns</span>
df.columns
<span class="hljs-comment"># Access index</span>
df.index.tolist()
<span class="hljs-comment"># General info about the DataFrame</span>
df.info()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Statistical summary</span>
df.describe()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Number of unique values in each column</span>
df.nunique()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Access unique values in a column</span>
df[<span class="hljs-string">'A'</span>].unique()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Shape and size of DataFrame</span>
df.shape
df.size
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="66" data-line-end="67"><a id="Filtering_Data_66"></a>Filtering Data</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="67" data-line-end="68">Filtering data is essential for extracting relevant subsets based on conditions.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="70" data-line-end="82" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Filter rows based on conditions</span>
bios.loc[bios[<span class="hljs-string">"height_cm"</span>] > <span class="hljs-number">215</span>]
<span class="hljs-comment"># Multiple conditions</span>
bios[(bios[<span class="hljs-string">'height_cm'</span>] > <span class="hljs-number">215</span>) & (bios[<span class="hljs-string">'born_country'</span>]==<span class="hljs-string">'USA'</span>)]
<span class="hljs-comment"># Filter by string conditions</span>
bios[bios[<span class="hljs-string">'name'</span>].str.contains(<span class="hljs-string">"keith"</span>, case=<span class="hljs-keyword">False</span>)]
<span class="hljs-comment"># Regex filters</span>
bios[bios[<span class="hljs-string">'name'</span>].str.contains(<span class="hljs-string">r'^[AEIOUaeiou]'</span>, na=<span class="hljs-keyword">False</span>)]
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="82" data-line-end="83"><a id="AddingRemoving_Columns_82"></a>Adding/Removing Columns</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="83" data-line-end="84">Adding and removing columns is important for maintaining and analyzing relevant data.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="86" data-line-end="101" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Add a new column</span>
coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'price'</span>] = <span class="hljs-number">4.99</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># Conditional column</span>
coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'new_price'</span>] = np.where(coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'Coffee Type'</span>]==<span class="hljs-string">'Espresso'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3.99</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5.99</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Remove a column</span>
coffee.drop(columns=[<span class="hljs-string">'price'</span>], inplace=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Rename columns</span>
coffee.rename(columns={<span class="hljs-string">'new_price'</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'price'</span>}, inplace=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Create new columns from existing ones</span>
coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'revenue'</span>] = coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'Units Sold'</span>] * coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'price'</span>]
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="101" data-line-end="102"><a id="Merging_and_Concatenating_Data_101"></a>Merging and Concatenating Data</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="102" data-line-end="103">Merging and concatenating DataFrames is useful for combining different datasets for comprehensive analysis.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="105" data-line-end="114" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Merge DataFrames</span>
nocs = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'./data/noc_regions.csv'</span>)
bios_new = pd.merge(bios, nocs, left_on=<span class="hljs-string">'born_country'</span>, right_on=<span class="hljs-string">'NOC'</span>, how=<span class="hljs-string">'left'</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Concatenate DataFrames</span>
usa = bios[bios[<span class="hljs-string">'born_country'</span>]==<span class="hljs-string">'USA'</span>].copy()
gbr = bios[bios[<span class="hljs-string">'born_country'</span>]==<span class="hljs-string">'GBR'</span>].copy()
new_df = pd.concat([usa, gbr])
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="114" data-line-end="115"><a id="Handling_Null_Values_114"></a>Handling Null Values</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="115" data-line-end="116">Handling null values is essential to ensure the integrity of data analysis.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="118" data-line-end="127" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Fill NaNs with a specific value</span>
coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'Units Sold'</span>].fillna(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, inplace=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Interpolate missing values</span>
coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'Units Sold'</span>].interpolate(inplace=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Drop rows with NaNs</span>
coffee.dropna(subset=[<span class="hljs-string">'Units Sold'</span>], inplace=<span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>)
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="127" data-line-end="128"><a id="Aggregating_Data_127"></a>Aggregating Data</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="128" data-line-end="129">Aggregation functions like value counts and group by help in summarizing data efficiently.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="131" data-line-end="141" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Value counts</span>
bios[<span class="hljs-string">'born_city'</span>].value_counts()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Group by and aggregation</span>
coffee.groupby([<span class="hljs-string">'Coffee Type'</span>])[<span class="hljs-string">'Units Sold'</span>].sum()
coffee.groupby([<span class="hljs-string">'Coffee Type'</span>])[<span class="hljs-string">'Units Sold'</span>].mean()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Pivot table</span>
pivot = coffee.pivot(columns=<span class="hljs-string">'Coffee Type'</span>, index=<span class="hljs-string">'Day'</span>, values=<span class="hljs-string">'revenue'</span>)
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="141" data-line-end="142"><a id="Advanced_Functionality_141"></a>Advanced Functionality</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="142" data-line-end="143">Advanced functionalities such as rolling calculations, rankings, and shifts can provide deeper insights.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="145" data-line-end="158" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Cumulative sum</span>
coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'cumsum'</span>] = coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'Units Sold'</span>].cumsum()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Rolling window</span>
latte = coffee[coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'Coffee Type'</span>]==<span class="hljs-string">"Latte"</span>].copy()
latte[<span class="hljs-string">'3day'</span>] = latte[<span class="hljs-string">'Units Sold'</span>].rolling(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>).sum()
<span class="hljs-comment"># Rank</span>
bios[<span class="hljs-string">'height_rank'</span>] = bios[<span class="hljs-string">'height_cm'</span>].rank(ascending=<span class="hljs-keyword">False</span>)
<span class="hljs-comment"># Shift</span>
coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'yesterday_revenue'</span>] = coffee[<span class="hljs-string">'revenue'</span>].shift(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
</code></pre>
<h2 class="code-line" data-line-start="158" data-line-end="159"><a id="New_Functionality_158"></a>New Functionality</h2>
<p class="has-line-data" data-line-start="159" data-line-end="160">The PyArrow backend offers optimized performance for certain operations, particularly string operations.</p>
<pre><code class="has-line-data" data-line-start="162" data-line-end="166" class="language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># PyArrow backend</span>
results_arrow = pd.read_csv(<span class="hljs-string">'./data/results.csv'</span>, engine=<span class="hljs-string">'pyarrow'</span>, dtype_backend=<span class="hljs-string">'pyarrow'</span>)
results_arrow.info()
</code></pre>
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