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13-09-services.html
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13-09-services.html
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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/><title>Services</title><style>
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html,
body {
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padding: 0;
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body {
margin: 2em auto;
max-width: 900px;
color: rgb(55, 53, 47);
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line-height: 1.5;
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margin-bottom: 0;
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margin-top: 1.5rem;
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margin-top: 1.25rem;
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word-break: break-all;
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</style></head><body><article id="62a20b82-9323-47d1-b50c-7380134e3150" class="page sans"><header><img class="page-cover-image" src="media/13-09-services/2023-03-06_07_54_52-Two_Stingrays_Between_Reefs__Free_Stock_Photo__Mozilla_Firefox.png" style="object-position:center 8.77%"/><div class="page-header-icon page-header-icon-with-cover"><span class="icon">📘</span></div><h1 class="page-title">Services</h1></header><div class="page-body"><blockquote id="ee1292a0-947c-4a6c-82bf-eb3420bc6dba" class="">Un service est une <strong>classe PHP</strong> indépendante et autonome. On dit souvent “un contrôleur qui ne retourne pas de Twig”, donc il fait des choses mais pas d’affichage. </blockquote><p id="f3a0193d-9616-4b92-a8c3-980e34cf729c" class="">On crée un service quand on a deux contrôleurs qui font la même chose. Par exemple, pour afficher la météo dans plusieurs Twig, on peut créer un service qui affiche la météo et qui est appelé dans les contrôleurs.</p><p id="431eec55-1cc9-44fc-afa0-616d91bc6197" class="">Les services sont faciles à tester et réutilisables, ils permettent d’avoir des contrôleurs lisibles et propres et d’avoir du code réutilisable.</p><blockquote id="6c45e3cd-9393-4db7-84ab-3b125e9ad0ec" class="">BP : On peut mettre la BLL dans nos services —> si on utilise trois fois un findAll(), ça vaut le coup de faire un service.
BP : On peut créer un service si le contrôleur est trop grand (>20lignes) —>moche, illisible, difficile à tester.</blockquote><p id="f5c82ec3-bc34-407d-a13b-e3c9b48ece30" class="">
</p><h3 id="5bd3b993-a891-4198-b0a3-8c3a6ffd9805" class="">Créer un service</h3><ul id="90eff8fb-801b-4b48-8683-a789558c0059" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on crée une classe PHP dans un dossier spécifique de <em><em><em>src</em></em></em> (par exemple, <em>src/Service</em>)</li></ul><ul id="e1c1bd1b-0a46-430c-93d4-821aed43b011" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on crée les méthodes que l’on veut</li></ul><p id="e91d0a22-4279-4160-8901-ffaf3e89199c" class="">
</p><h3 id="c3e8b887-8e47-4a2a-af0f-9ea4b4ea4649" class="">Utiliser un service</h3><p id="e79eaa60-8dc5-4ef2-8e57-d661ae125c14" class="">Un service est typiquement utilisé depuis un contrôleur.</p><ul id="92f76552-0605-4d26-83e0-f045bdb8263d" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on appelle un service en injection de dépendances et on utilise la méthode à travers l’instance</li></ul><figure class="block-color-yellow callout" style="white-space:pre-wrap;display:flex" id="5c6cbb59-ccab-4d27-816a-6df320398ab9"><div style="font-size:1.5em"><span class="icon">⚠️</span></div><div style="width:100%">On n’hérite pas d’un service, on fait une injection de service.</div></figure><p id="0d656f77-9dd8-4220-a8fb-85bad68031bd" class="">
</p><p id="d35a177c-627a-4ddb-9b7f-b1f915d66ef3" class="">Problème ?</p><p id="b1e0f57c-5e34-4a6d-a745-a89b66f0f339" class="">Un contrôleur injecte un service, qui lui aussi injecte d’autres services.</p><p id="9001b115-7ce1-4187-8b00-67a2aee01a25" class="">Dans ce cas, on ne peut pas lui injecter les services comme d’habitude : on n’est plus dans un contrôleur mais dans un service (classe PHP). </p><p id="f705488b-41f5-43e0-9234-86badddb1b4c" class="">Pour injecter des dépendances dans un service, on doit lui créer un constructeur <code>__construct()</code>.</p><ul id="17747eb5-906d-4c86-b979-f5a44e1d197d" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on lui ajoute un attribut qui sera l’instance de la dépendance injectée</li></ul><ul id="e959baa8-2be3-448e-98c6-acb081d3e592" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on injecte la dépendance dans le constructeur</li></ul><ul id="4a79567b-e1ae-4ec5-9715-ee7218c1a1c5" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on instancie l’attribut</li></ul><pre id="cb8fca56-59f2-4f47-94db-f14ed6e8c16b" class="code"><code>use Doctrine\ORM\EntityManagerInterface;
class SomeService
{
protected $entityManager;
public function __construct(
EntityManagerInterface $entityManager
)
{
$this->entityManager = $entityManager;
}</code></pre><p id="6f40b577-7756-48cb-98c1-afb7ac0d657d" class="">
</p><figure class="block-color-brown callout" style="white-space:pre-wrap;display:flex" id="ca93298a-cba7-4576-bbef-9575d6ce113c"><div style="font-size:1.5em"><span class="icon">ℹ️</span></div><div style="width:100%">Principe de généricité : le conteneur de services de Symfony est omniscient et connait tous les services (singleton), les dépendances des services, les instances créées une première fois…</div></figure><p id="5a129956-fdf4-4590-a890-85b253323946" class="">
</p><h3 id="9da5b844-63ee-4288-8e1d-1c4fc66d2f83" class="">Services internes de Symfony</h3><p id="7828ec4b-17cf-42da-bf79-97accac07714" class="">liste : <code>symfony console debug:container</code></p><p id="ce6c93db-b995-41bd-8db2-9fe74b0823dd" class="">services qu'on peut recevoir en injection : <code>symfony console debug:autowiring</code></p><p id="61454448-67b2-43db-8c71-07f765804423" class="">Ainsi quand on en crée un, il est ajouté à la liste.</p><p id="dd9a1d22-9353-4ad5-b38a-a3c53ef80b9c" class="">
</p><h3 id="2f62bd4d-08a8-496c-bab9-6c8d7a352de4" class="">Démonstration</h3><blockquote id="82bd0070-0e1f-4b06-8c7a-684936a237fd" class="">Un service qui envoie un mail.</blockquote><p id="f4a6a0f5-32bc-4554-a002-d20d93aa321a" class="">Souvent on les met dans un dossier Service dans <em>src</em>.</p><ul id="ed8489c4-f622-4985-945a-6bc1c47666ed" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">New PHP class > MailService.</li></ul><p id="c7713d09-9164-4e69-9c67-4d984fb89a0f" class="">(on lance papercut)</p><ul id="81ab5b28-3ff4-47c0-aeb0-6ffe88db8d32" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on injecte MailerInterface (en constructeur)</li></ul><ul id="909f0863-de6e-41e7-890c-a2c0fc5cda22" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">Symfony\Component\Mime</li></ul><ul id="ab678b79-650c-4627-9378-0f66dc3711ef" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">avec <em>text </em>on met du texte, on peut utiliser du html et même un twig</li></ul><pre id="3e7db1ee-a47c-44e9-bf54-1138edc1fc54" class="code"><code>namespace App\Service;
class MailService
{
private $mailer;
public function __construct(MailerInterface $mailer)
{
$this->mailer = $mailer;
}
public function sendEmail() {
$email = (new Email())
->from('brucewayne@eni.fr')
->to('batman@eni.fr')
->cc('alfred@eni.fr')
->replyTo('gordon@eni.fr')
->subject('Le joker est revenu')
->text('blablabla')
->html('<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joker_(personnage)">Joker</a>');
$this->mailer->send($email);
}
}</code></pre><p id="36b20eaf-acec-41bf-836d-2d344d5d7c91" class="">
</p><p id="33814f19-c8b9-42e4-8913-b5bf92612ea2" class="">On va l’utiliser : dans un contrôleur (ex: <em>serie</em>), dans la méthode <code>list()</code></p><ul id="0e2b5776-a78b-4f32-8b98-2d029c8512dd" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on injecte notre service</li></ul><ul id="2cd79cd0-be26-42cb-b7fb-942ac793f675" class="bulleted-list"><li style="list-style-type:disc">on utilise la méthode via l’instance</li></ul><pre id="f4be9922-032c-4ce3-a512-50cd9efac6ce" class="code"><code>...
public function list(
...,
MailService $mailService
): Response
{
...
$mailService->sendEmail();
}</code></pre></div></article></body></html>