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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<h1 class="page-title title">Articles</h1>
<p>Do you know how to use <strong>a</strong>, an and the?</p>
<p>Look at these examples to see how articles are used.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>She's <strong>a</strong> doctor.</li>
<li>I need <strong>an</strong> umbrella.</li>
<li>Have you heard the news?</li>
<li>I don't like spiders.</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>Read the explanation to learn more.</p>
<h2>Grammar explanation</h2>
<p>Here are some of the most important things to know about using articles.</p>
<h3>Jobs</h3>
<p>When we say what people's jobs are, we usually use a/an.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>He's <strong>an</strong> architect.</li>
<li>She's <strong>a</strong> scientist.</li>
<li>My grandmother was <strong>a</strong> teacher.</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<h3>Singular nouns</h3>
<p>Singular, countable nouns always have an article – a/an or the (or another determiner – my, your, this, that, etc.).</p>
<p>We use a/an – the indefinite article – when we talk about something for the first time, or something that is part of a group or type.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>I saw <strong>a</strong> good film yesterday.</li>
<li>Do you want <strong>a</strong> drink?</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>We use a when the word that follows it begins with a consonant sound. We use an when it's followed by a vowel sound. This makes pronunciation easier.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>She has <strong>a</strong> university degree.</li>
<li>It took me <strong>an</strong> hour to get home.</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>We use the – the definite article – when the listener already knows which thing we are talking about because it was mentioned before or because there's only one of them.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>I'm going to take the dog for <strong>a</strong> walk.</li>
<li>Have you seen the car key?</li>
<li>They go to <strong>the</strong> school next to the bridge.</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<h3>Things in general</h3>
<p>When we talk about things in general, we normally use a plural or uncountable noun with no article.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>Birds eat worms.</li>
<li>Water freezes at 0°C.</li>
<li>Children need a lot of sleep.</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<h3>Particular groups of things</h3>
<p>When we talk about a particular group of things, we use the.</p>
<p>We went to the zoo and saw the kangaroos. (These are the particular kangaroos in that zoo – not kangaroos in general.)</p>
<p>Do you know when you need to use the in common phrases and place names?</p>
<p>Look at these examples to see when the is and isn't used.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>I'm going to bed.</li>
<li>I walk to work.</li>
<li>My children are going to start school.</li>
<li>I visited the school yesterday.</li>
<li>Mount Everest is in the Himalayas.</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>Here are some ways we use articles in common phrases and place names.</p>
<h2>Common phrases</h2>
<p>We don't usually use an article in expressions with bed, work and home.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>go to bed / be in bed</li>
<li>go to work / be at work / start work / finish work</li>
<li>go home / be at home / get home / stay at home</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>We also don't normally use an article in expressions with school, university, prison and hospital.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>start school / go to school / be at school</li>
<li>go to university / be at university</li>
<li>be sent to prison / go to prison / be in prison</li>
<li>go to hospital / be in hospital</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>But we usually use the if someone is just visiting the place, and not there as a student/prisoner/patient, etc.</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>My son has started school now. I went to the school to meet his teacher.</li>
<li>I went to the prison a lot when I was a social worker.</li>
<li>I'm at the hospital. My sister has just had a baby.</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<h3>Place names</h3>
<p>We don't normally use an article for continents, most countries, cities, towns, lakes, mountains or universities. So, we say:</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
Africa, Asia, Europe
India, Ghana, Peru, Denmark
Addis Ababa, Hanoi, New York, Moscow
Lake Victoria, Lake Superior, Lake Tanganyika
Mount Everest, Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Elbrus
Cardiff University, Harvard University, Manchester University
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>Some countries are different. Country names with United have the. There are other countries which are exceptions too. So, we say:</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States of America</li>
<li>the Bahamas, the Gambia</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>Seas and oceans, mountain ranges and rivers have the:</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Mediterranean
the Andes, the Himalayas, the Alps
the Nile, the Amazon, the Yangtze
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>Universities with of in the title also have the:</p>
<blockquote>
<div class="example">
<li>the University of Cape Town, the University of Delhi, the University of Tokyo</li>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
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<h3>The Words Which I should Learn It</h3>
<p>{Certin, Earthquake, Tirrify, Fail, Deducting, Thif, Suspect, Context}</p>
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