-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Projects.html
471 lines (434 loc) · 28.3 KB
/
Projects.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<!--Coded by NOBIC with a lot of help from code snippets from www.w3schools.com-->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no">
<title>NOBIC | Current Projects</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="NOBIC_styles.css">
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="Media/Icon.png">
<script>
document.addEventListener("click", x=>0)
</script><script async="" src="//static.getclicky.com/101389963.js"></script>
<script src="Elements.js"></script>
</head>
<body> <main-header></main-header>
<script>var x = document.getElementById("Res");
x.classList.add("active");
var x = document.getElementById("Proj");
x.classList.add("active");</script>
<div class="titlebar" style="background-image: url('Media/Banner_I.jpg')"> <span
class="titlebar-text">NTU OPTICAL BIO-IMAGING CENTRE (NOBIC)</span> </div>
<div class="container">
<h1 class="heading">Research and Development in Optical Microscopy</h1>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="2-phot" id="2-phot"></a>2-photon
Microscope for imaging and optogenetics in live animals</h2>
<p class="project"> <img src="Media/Projects/2-photon.gif" alt="" title="2-Photon Microscope"><span
class="clear"> <br>
</span>We develop advanced optical imaging techniques for in vivo
imaging of biological tissues. Currently, one of our primary projects is
constructing and validating custom 2-photon microscopes capable of
performing simultaneous 2-photon imaging and 2-photon optogenetics of
neurons in small animals. The microscopes are highly optimized and
customizable to meet the demands of neuroscience research at NTU LKC
Medicine. Upcoming plan includes incorporating adaptive optics to
further enhance the capability of the 2-photon microscopes to preserve
spatial resolution when imaging through highly-scattering biological
tissues.<br>
<br>
<img style="float:right;" src="Media/Projects/2-photon2.jpg" alt="" title="2-Photon Microscope">
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#JosiahCHONG">Josiah CHONG</a>, <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter
TÖRÖK</a>, <a href="Team.html#AalimKHAN">Aalim KHAN</a>, <a href="Team.html#Louwrens">Louwrens
van DELLEN</a>,
<!--<a href="Team.html#SeanKRUPP">Sean
KRUPP</a>, <a href="Team.html#NicMOK">Nicholas MOK</a>--><a href="Team.html#OmarKamal">,
Sayyed Omar Kamal </a><br>
<em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="https://www.szipocs.com/" target="_blank">Róbert
SZIPÖCS (Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest)</a> <span class="clear">
</span></p>
<div class="more">
<p> Two kinds of pulsed lasers were being adopted for the developed
2-photon microscope, i.e. 920/1060 nm fixed-wavelength fiber laser and
sub-picosecond tunable laser with operation wavelength range spanning
795 – 1100 nm. The dual 920/1060 nm fixed-wavelength fiber laser allow
simultaneous 2-photon imaging and 2-photon optogenetics of neurons in
small animals aforementioned. On the other hand, the sub-picosecond
laser pulse is necessary for distortion-less delivery of the light
source into the microscope through a photonics crystal fiber (PCF),
and is crucial for future miniaturized head-mounted two-photon
microscope for freely-moving mice. </p>
<p> Custom electronics and opto-mechanical design were also involved to
allow interchange of multiple type of low-light photodetectors, i.e.
PMT and MPPC for comparison of their performance in different
excitation/emission signal level. Custom pre-amplifier also
significantly reduces the need of expensive of-the-shelf commercial
pre-amplifier and ensure the required detection bandwidth when
resonant scanner is employed. </p>
<p> Upcoming plan includes incorporating adaptive optics to further
enhance the capability of the 2-photon microscopes to preserve spatial
resolution when imaging through highly scattering biological tissues.
</p>
</div>
<button class="Morebtn">Show </button> <br>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="OCT" id="OCT"></a>Deep Brain
Optical Coherence Tomography</h2>
<p class="project"><img src="Media/Projects/OCT.jpg" alt="" title="Optical Coherence Tomograph"><span
class="clear"> <br>
</span>We are developing optical coherence tomography at novel
wavelengths, i.e. 1700 nm wavelength for deep mouse brain imaging. The
infrared photons at 1700 nm wavelength experience much less scattering
in mouse brain tissues, which will allow us to improve the achievable
spatial resolutions and penetration depth. <br>
<br>
This work is supported by A*STAR AME YIRG grant A1884c0018.<br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#JosiahCHONG">Josiah CHONG</a>, <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter
TÖRÖK</a>, <a href="Team.html#AalimKHAN">Aalim KHAN</a></p>
<div class="more">
<p> Conventional high resolution spectral / Fourier (SD / FD) Optical
Coherence Tomography (OCT) typically performed at 800 nm achieves
shallow penetration depths, mainly due to attenuation by absorption
and scattering, thus are limited for superficial assessment of thick
turbid media such as pharmaceutical tablets and biological tissues.
Since the number of photons propagating unhindered (i.e., not
scattered or absorbed) scales exponentially with the attenuation
length (inverse of total attenuation coefficient of the tissue), the
number of ballistic photons at the focal volume may drop to < 0.7%
even after propagation of only 5 attenuation lengths (about 0.6 mm at
800 nm wavelength for biological tissue such as mouse brain). At the
same time, the collection of multiply scattered light increases due to
the high probability of forward scattering in biological tissue.
Multiple scattering distorts the beam wavefront and prevents tight
focusing when imaging deep, causing blurriness of the focused beam
spot, and irreversibly degrades resolution, signal localization and
contrast. The increased ratio of multiply scattered light to singly
scattered light thus limits the imaging depth and spatial resolution
of optical imaging techniques such as multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and
OCT. Currently, most of the OCT or Optical Coherence Microscopy at
1700 nm are limited by poor efficiency and significant chromatic
aberrations due to lack of optical components optimized for this
rarely used wavelength, thus greatly hampered achievable maximal
sensitivity and overall imaging qualities. Furthermore, the
sensitivity rolloff inherent to spectrometer-based OCT also
effectively prevents utilization of whole imaging range afforded by
the OCT system. Here, a novel Swept-source OCT employing all
reflective optics will be developed to minimize optical and aberration
loss, and negligible sensitivity rolloff to improve the penetration
depths and spatial resolution when imaging deeply into turbid media. </p>
</div>
<button class="Morebtn">Show </button> <br>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="AdaptLighsheet" id="AdaptLightsheet"></a>Adaptive-Optics
Lightsheet Microscopy</h2>
<p class="project"> <img src="Media/Projects/lightsheet.jpg" alt="" title="Adaptive Optics Setup"><span
class="clear"> <br>
</span>Light sheet microscopy revolutionised biological 3D imaging by
significantly increasing the imaging speed and reducing light doses in
comparison to traditional confocal scanning. Recent developments in the
field of lightsheet microscopy aim at further increasing the imaging
speed and the accessible sample volumes. We are working in this
direction and probing new concepts for lightsheet microscopy based on
the use of adaptive optics to manipulate the coherence and spatial
distribution of light. In this way for example Bessel beams (already
well-established in lightsheet microscopy) can be produce; their
"self-healing" properties allow for forming thin lightsheets over
extended areas and make them more robust against scattering artefacts.<br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#SHANGWanqi">SHANG Wanqi</a>, <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter
TÖRÖK</a> </p>
<div class="more">
<p> Remarkable progress in the manufacturing of opto-electronics lead to
devices such as deformable mirrors or spatial light modulators, which
offer a large degree of freedom in controlling the beam
characteristics without any mechanically moving components.Specific
arrangements of modulated beams enable coherent/incoherent
superposition,parallelization or time-averaging. The liquid crystal on
silicon (LCoS) devices, we are using, allow us to shape the beam by
manipulating the amplitude and the phase field separately. </p>
<p> The initial setup tests generating an arbitrary axial intensity
distribution based on off-axis holography and Fourier optics. A
fibre-coupled diode laser is collimated by an off-axis parabolic
mirror and a polariszer generates a high polarisation ratio light
beam. The laser beam then passes through a half wave plate which
rotates its polarisation direction to fit well the ferroelectric
liquid crystal SLM. We can get different intensity distributions
around the fourier plane responding to different computer-generated
patterns displayed on the SLM. Incoherent light sheet array will
appear in coming updated experimental configuration. </p>
</div>
<button class="Morebtn">Show </button> <br>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="BrillRaman" id="BrillRaman"></a>Brillouin
and Raman Scattering Microscope</h2>
<p class="project"> <img src="Media/Projects/BRaman.jpg" alt="" title="Brillouin-Raman microscope"><span
class="clear"> <br>
</span>We are developing a custom microscope for confocal Brillouin and
Raman micro-spectroscopy. Brillouin and Raman scattering are both
non-elastic light scattering processes that can provide label-free image
contrast in a variety of biological as well as material sciences
samples. In Raman scattering, the photons exchange energy with molecular
vibrational modes and the spectra contain qualitative as well as
quantitative information on the chemical composition of the sample.
Raman spectral fingerprints have proven a powerful tool for non-invasive
microbial strain identification. In Brillouin scattering, the photons
exchange energy with density waves (acoustic phonons) in the material
under study. For homogeneous media, this information can be readily
interpreted in terms of elastic moduli of the material. In this way,
Brillouin spectroscopy is commonly employed in material science for
non-invasive mechanical testing. However, in inhomogeneous systems such
as any biological material, the interpretation of Brillouin spectra is
much more complicated and a simple theoretical model is lacking.
Therefore, Brillouin microscopy has not yet become widespread in
biological and biomedical research, despite its high application
potential in this field. <br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter TÖRÖK</a>, <a href="Team.html#AalimKHAN">Aalim
KHAN</a>, <a href="Team.html#Louwrens">Louwrens van DELLEN</a>,<a href="Team.html#SNGMatthew">
Matthew S'NG</a>, <a href="Team.html#RadekMACHAN">Radek MACHÁŇ</a> <br>
<em>YouTube videos:</em> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKNcT2b46ls"
target="blank">Aurox Conference 2021 (design of the system)</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-HnAYON1gA%20"
target="blank">BioBrillouin training School 2021 (experiment
demonstration)</a></p>
<div class="more">
<p> It has been shown that the Brillouin shift in biological samples
correlates with water content [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0076-1"
target="blank">Wu P. et al. (2018) Nat Methods 15, 561–562</a>]. We
aim to circumvent the ambiguities of Brillouin spectra of biological
systems by utilising the chemical information provided by Raman
spectra and to map simultaneously chemical composition and mechanical
properties of the systems under study. </p>
<p> <img src="Media/Projects/Brillouin2.png" alt="" title="Brillouin-Raman microscope"><span
class="clear"> <br>
</span>The microscope is built around a commercial inverted frame
(Olympus, IX-71); it contains two lasers, 561 nm for Brillouin and
Raman scattering and 488 nm for confocal fluorescence imaging. Raman
spectra will be recorded by a custom-designed spectrograph with a CCD
camera. The technical challenge in recording Brillouin spectra lies in
the closeness of the Brillouin peaks to the peak of elastically
scattered photons (Rayleigh peak), which is many orders of magnitude
more intensive than the Brillouin peaks. This means that high spectral
resolution together with efficient suppression of the Rayleigh peak
are necessary. To meet this challenge, we use custom-designed
common-path interferometric filters (two in a series) and a virtually
imaged phase array (VIPA) spectrograph equipped with a scientific CMOS
camera. The design is an improved version of a previously described
setup [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41522-017-0028-z" target="blank">Karampatzakis
A. et al. (2017) npj Biofilms Microbiomes 3, 20</a>] and its detail
can be found at our <a href="https://github.com/NOBIC-NTU" target="_blank">GitHub
repository</a>. Alongside the hardware, a user software has been
developed for intuitive an efficient operation of the setup.</p>
</div>
<button class="Morebtn">Show </button> <br>
<div style="clear: both;"></div>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="CALIPSO" id="CALIPSO"></a>CALIPSO
(2020-2023): a deep learning assisted approach streamlining the growth,
3D live imaging and quantification of organoid morphology with high
content screening standards (NRF2019-THE002-0007)</h2>
<p class="project"> We are developing a new generation of high content
screening platform for simultaneous 3D live imaging of more than 1,000
organoids. The data obtained on gastruloids and liver organoids will be
analysed using unsupervised machine learning to provide new quantitative
statistical analysis tools characterizing the diversity of morphogenetic
movements within each organoid. Using correlative clustering, we will
then demonstrate how such quantification can lead to individual organoid
outcome prediction in a non-destructive way. Our group is responsible
for designing and building the optical and optomechanical parts of the
two prototypes and the final instrument. <br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter TÖRÖK</a>, <a href="Team.html#AalimKHAN">Aalim
KHAN</a>, <a href="Team.html#Louwrens">Louwrens van DELLEN</a><br>
<em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="https://www.mbi.nus.edu.sg/virgile-viasnoff/"
target="_blank">Virgile VIASNOFF(MBI)</a>, <a href="https://www.iins.u-bordeaux.fr/SIBARITA"
target="_blank">J-B. SIBARITA (Univ. of Bordeaux)</a></p>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="FishTracking" id="FishTracking"></a>Zebrafish
Tracking System</h2>
<p class="project"> We are designing a tracking microscope for
simultaneous imaging of neuronal activity and behaviour of freely
swimming zebrafish, using fast galvo scanners and ET-lens to keep the
moving fish in the field of view. The current design will provide 13x
magnification (fixed), less than 1 mm depth scan and 5 mm radial
field of view. Tracking of the freely swimming fish will be controlled
by a custom-written acquisition software.<br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter TÖRÖK</a>, <a href="Team.html#AalimKHAN">Aalim
KHAN, </a><a href="Team.html#Louwrens">Louwrens van DELLEN</a><br>
<em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="https://www.carolineweelab.com/" target="_blank">Caroline
WEE (IMCB)</a></p>
<br>
<h1 class="heading">Imaging Devices for Healthcare Applications</h1>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="Cornea" id="Cornea"></a>Corneal
Fluorescence Imaging System</h2>
<p class="project"><span class="clear"> <br>
</span>We have designed an optical system for fluorescence imaging of a
large field of view of a highly curved corneal surface at chief ray
normal to surface. Cornea positioning and fluorescence excitation beam
homogenized over a large area will improve image signal-to-noise ratio.
The system promises to overcome the limitations of current methods for
diagnosis of corneal diseases, the third major cause of blindness
worldwide. <br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#AalimKHAN">Aalim KHAN</a>, <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter
TÖRÖK</a><br>
<em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="https://www.snec.com.sg/research-innovation/research-groups-platforms/research-groups/ocular-imaging"
target="_blank">Leopold SCHMETTERER (SERI)</a></p>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="HyperspectralOCT" id="HyperspectralOCT"></a>Hyperspectral
OCT (2021-2026): Developing hyperspectral OCT as a clinical test to
detect neural dysfunction in degenerative diseases of the optic nerve
and retina (CRP24-2020-0077)</h2>
<p class="project">The project aims to develop an ultra-wide band optical
coherence tomograph to be used to assess retinal function of the human
eye that could lead to the detection of neuronal dysfunction in both
Alzheimer’s disease and glaucoma. <br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter TÖRÖK</a> , <a href="Team.html#AalimKHAN">Aalim
KHAN</a>, <a href="Team.html#JosiahCHONG">Josiah CHONG</a><br>
<em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="https://www.snec.com.sg/research-innovation/research-groups-platforms/research-groups/ocular-imaging"
target="_blank">Leopold SCHMETTERER (SERI)</a>, <a href="https://www.duke-nus.edu.sg/directory/detail/crowston-jonathan-guy"
target="_blank">Jonathan CROWSTON (Duke-NUS Medical School)</a></p>
<br>
<h1 class="heading">Advanced Microscopy and Microspectroscopy</h1>
<!--<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="O2sens" id="O2sens"></a>Oxygen
Consumption Monitoring in Mixed-Species Bacterial Biofilms Using Oxygen Nanosensors (O<sub>2</sub> NS)</h2>
<p> <em>S. epidermidis</em> and <em>C. acnes</em> are two of the most common bacteria found on the human skin. <em>C. acnes</em>, being an
aerotolerant anaerobe, cannot grow as a monoculture biofilm in an aerobic environment. However, when co-cultured with <em>S. epidermidis</em>,
<em>C. acnes </em>is able to grow. This lead to a hypothesis that <em>S. epidermidis</em> is receiving some metabolites from <em>C. acnes</em>
thus increasing the respiration rate of <em>S. epidermidis</em>. This in turn creates an environment with lower oxygen concentration to
support the growth of <em>C. acnes</em>.<br> <br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#FOOYongHwee">FOO Yong Hwee</a><br> <em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="http://www.scelse.sg/People/Detail/cb3ea562-9e7d-426b-8dac-9d01a4408eaa"
target="_blank">Scott RICE (SCELSE)</a>, <a href="http://www.scelse.sg/People/Detail/62cd6a62-e709-4169-b256-f185bae9b4f2"
target="_blank">Viduthalai Rasheedkhan REGINA (SCELSE)</a></p>
<div class="more"> <p> In collaboration with Dr Viduthalai Rasheedkhan Regina and Prof.
Scott Rice (SCELSE, NTU), O<sub>2</sub> NS was synthesized for the detection of oxygen levels in S<em>. epidermidis</em> and <em>C.
acnes</em> biofilm. The goal is to use the O<sub>2</sub> NS to track oxygen consumption rates of <em>S. epidermidis</em> over time when
co-cultured with <em>C. acnes</em> in a biofilm. Plate reader assay will provide high throughput, while confocal imaging will determine if
there are zones with differences in oxygen gradient in the biofilm. </p> </div>
<button class="Morebtn">Show </button> <br> <h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="SMLMBact" id="SMLMBact"></a>Super-resolution
Single Molecule Localisation Microscopy (SMLM) of Bacterial Membrane</h2> <p class="project"> <img src="Media/Projects/SMLM_YongHwee.png" alt="" title="PAINT - Nile Red in bacteria membrane">
<span class="clear"> <br> </span>Investigating structures of a small bacterial cell is challenging
especially structures that are smaller than the diffraction limit (~200 nm) of a light microscope. Super resolution imaging techniques, which
won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2014, can distinguish structures below 200 nm. SMLM is capable of resolving structures as small as ~20
nm, was applied to image bacterial membrane and nucleoid. Optimising SMLM of bacteria forms a part of the study. Point Accumulation for
Imaging in Nanoscale Topography (PAINT), a type of SMLM, image of Nile red dye in the membrane of live <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> is
shown as an example. We collaborate with Dr Anuj Pathak from Prof. Birgitta Henriques-Normark’s group in LKCMedicine on this project.<br>
<br> <em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#FOOYongHwee">FOO Yong Hwee</a><br>
<em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="https://ki.se/en/mtc/birgitta-henriques-normark-group"
target="_blank">Birgitta HENRIQUES-NORMARK (LKCMedicine)</a></p> <h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="RamanBactAI" id="RamanBactAI"></a>Microbial
Raman & AI fingerprinting</h2>-->
<p class="project"> Raman fingerprinting combined with AI recognition of
the spectra is a promissing approach to identify microbial strains. Our
aim is to use this approach to identify selected bacterial and fungal
strains related to biofilm formation on human skin.<br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#SNGMatthew">Matthew S'NG</a>, <!--<a href="Team.html#YOWAiPing">YOW
Ai Ping</a>-->, <a href="Team.html#Radek%20MACHAN">Radek
MACHÁŇ</a>, <a href="Team.html#PeterTOROK">Peter TÖRÖK</a><br>
<em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="http://www.scelse.sg/People/Detail/cb3ea562-9e7d-426b-8dac-9d01a4408eaa"
target="_blank">Scott RICE (SCELSE)</a>, <a href="http://www.scelse.sg/People/Detail/35fb03f8-7b86-4c32-9328-a261f58dbad4"
target="_blank">Sujatha SUBRAMONI (SCELSE)</a></p>
<h2 class="heading2"><a class="anchor" name="GlycRamanBact" id="GlycRamanBact"></a>Glycogen
metabolism in bacteria studied by Raman microspectroscopy</h2>
<p class="project"> <img src="Media/Projects/GlycBact.png" alt="" title="Bacteria Raman spectra">
<span class="clear"> <br>
</span>We are using Raman microscpectroscopy to acquire Raman spectra of
individual bacteria and measure their glycogen content. The bacterial
strain under study is hypothesised to use glycogen as an energy reserve
under unfavourable conditions. The measured spectra show clear changes
in glycogen peaks depending on the conditions of the culture and allow
us to study under which conditions is glycogen accumulated or consumed.<br>
<br>
<em>Team:</em> <a href="Team.html#">Matthew S'NG</a>, <a href="Team.html#Radek%20MACHAN">Radek
MACHÁŇ</a><br>
<em>Collaborators:</em> <a href="http://www.scelse.sg/People/Detail/b40b853a-b871-4020-bfea-4f94e2110fbd"
target="_blank">Rohan WILLIAMS (SCELSE)</a>, <a href="http://www.scelse.sg/People/Detail/a2d4dde8-8311-429a-b79a-59ce9802a1fb"
target="_blank">Irina BESSARAB (SCELSE)</a></p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="#TOP">BACK TO TOP</a></div>
<sub-footer></sub-footer>
<script>
/* Toggle between adding and removing the "responsive" class to topnav when the user clicks on the icon */
function TopnavFunction() {
var x = document.getElementById("topnav");
if (x.className === "topnav") {
x.className += " responsive";
} else {
x.className = "topnav";
}
}
var Btn = document.getElementsByClassName("Morebtn");
var i;
for (i = 0; i < Btn.length; i++) {
Btn[i].addEventListener("click", function() {
this.classList.toggle("active");
var content = this.previousElementSibling;
if (content.style.display === "block") {
content.style.display = "none";
} else {
content.style.display = "block";
}
});
}
var coll = document.getElementsByClassName("collapsible");
var i;
for (i = 0; i < coll.length; i++) {
coll[i].addEventListener("click", function() {
this.classList.toggle("active");
var content = this.nextElementSibling;
if (content.style.display === "block") {
content.style.display = "none";
} else {
content.style.display = "block";
}
});
}
function decryptEmail(encoded) {
var address = atob(encoded);
window.location.href = "mailto:" + address;
}
var slideIndex = 0;
showSlides();
var slides,dots;
function plusSlides(position) {
slideIndex += position;
if (slideIndex > slides.length) {slideIndex = 1}
else if(slideIndex < 1){slideIndex = slides.length}
for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
slides[i].style.display = "none";
}
for (i = 0; i < dots.length; i++) {
dots[i].className = dots[i].className.replace(" active", "");
}
slides[slideIndex-1].style.display = "block";
dots[slideIndex-1].className += " active";
}
function currentSlide(index) {
if (index > slides.length) {index = 1}
else if(index < 1){index = slides.length}
for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
slides[i].style.display = "none";
}
for (i = 0; i < dots.length; i++) {
dots[i].className = dots[i].className.replace(" active", "");
}
slides[index-1].style.display = "block";
dots[index-1].className += " active";
}
function showSlides() {
var i;
slides = document.getElementsByClassName("mySlides");
dots = document.getElementsByClassName("dot");
for (i = 0; i < slides.length; i++) {
slides[i].style.display = "none";
}
slideIndex++;
if (slideIndex> slides.length) {slideIndex = 1}
for (i = 0; i < dots.length; i++) {
dots[i].className = dots[i].className.replace(" active", "");
}
slides[slideIndex-1].style.display = "block";
dots[slideIndex-1].className += " active";
setTimeout(showSlides, 8000); // Change image every 8 seconds
}
document.getElementById("datemod").innerHTML = document.lastModified;
</script>
</body>
</html>