diff --git a/spectator-reg-atlas/src/main/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/PrefixTree.java b/spectator-reg-atlas/src/main/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/PrefixTree.java
index 4ec3b4140..f5948ef1d 100644
--- a/spectator-reg-atlas/src/main/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/PrefixTree.java
+++ b/spectator-reg-atlas/src/main/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/PrefixTree.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
  * Simple tree for finding all values associated with a prefix that matches the search
@@ -278,6 +279,58 @@ private void forEachImpl(Node node, String key, int offset, Consumer<Query.KeyQu
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Invokes the predicate function for each value associated with a prefix of the search key
+   * until a match is found.
+   *
+   * @param key
+   *     Key to compare against the prefixes.
+   * @param predicate
+   *     Function to call to see if there is a match.
+   */
+  boolean exists(String key, Predicate<Query.KeyQuery> predicate) {
+    // In queries cannot have an empty value, so cannot be in the root set
+    if (exists(otherQueries, predicate)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    Node node = root;
+    return node != null && existsImpl(node, key, 0, predicate);
+  }
+
+  private boolean existsImpl(Node node, String key, int offset, Predicate<Query.KeyQuery> predicate) {
+    final int prefixLength = node.prefix.length();
+    final int keyLength = key.length() - offset;
+    final int commonLength = commonPrefixLength(node.prefix, key, offset);
+
+    if (commonLength == prefixLength) {
+      // Prefix matches, consume other queries
+      if (exists(node.otherQueries, predicate)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      if (commonLength < keyLength) {
+        // There is more to the key, check if there are also matches for child nodes
+        int childOffset = offset + commonLength;
+        int pos = find(node.children, key, childOffset);
+        return pos >= 0 && existsImpl(node.children[pos], key, childOffset, predicate);
+      } else {
+        // It is an exact match, consume in queries
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private boolean exists(Set<Query.KeyQuery> qs, Predicate<Query.KeyQuery> predicate) {
+    for (Query.KeyQuery kq : qs) {
+      if (predicate.test(kq)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
   /**
    * Returns true if the tree is empty.
    */
diff --git a/spectator-reg-atlas/src/main/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/QueryIndex.java b/spectator-reg-atlas/src/main/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/QueryIndex.java
index 5ea05d2be..6b9e84acf 100644
--- a/spectator-reg-atlas/src/main/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/QueryIndex.java
+++ b/spectator-reg-atlas/src/main/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/QueryIndex.java
@@ -526,6 +526,68 @@ public void forEachMatch(Function<String, String> tags, Consumer<T> consumer) {
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Check the set of tags, which could be a partial set, and return true if it is possible
+   * that it would match some set of expressions. This method can be used as a cheap pre-filter
+   * check. In some cases this can be useful to avoid expensive transforms to get the final
+   * set of tags for matching.
+   *
+   * @param tags
+   *     Partial set of tags to check against the index. Function is used to look up the
+   *     value for a given tag key. The function should return {@code null} if there is no
+   *     value for the key.
+   * @return
+   *     True if it is possible there would be a match based on the partial set of tags.
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("PMD.NPathComplexity")
+  public boolean couldMatch(Function<String, String> tags) {
+    // Matches for this level
+    if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean keyPresent = false;
+    if (key != null) {
+      String v = tags.apply(key);
+      if (v != null) {
+        keyPresent = true;
+
+        // Check exact matches
+        QueryIndex<T> eqIdx = equalChecks.get(v);
+        if (eqIdx != null && eqIdx.couldMatch(tags)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        // Scan for matches with other conditions
+        if (!otherChecks.isEmpty()) {
+          boolean otherMatches = otherChecksTree.exists(v, kq -> {
+            if (kq instanceof Query.In || couldMatch(kq, v)) {
+              QueryIndex<T> idx = otherChecks.get(kq);
+              return idx != null && idx.couldMatch(tags);
+            }
+            return false;
+          });
+          if (otherMatches) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Check matches for has key
+        if (hasKeyIdx != null && hasKeyIdx.couldMatch(tags)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check matches with other keys
+    if (otherKeysIdx != null && otherKeysIdx.couldMatch(tags)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Check matches with missing keys
+    return !keyPresent;
+  }
+
   private boolean matches(Query.KeyQuery kq, String value) {
     if (kq instanceof Query.Regex) {
       Query.Regex re = (Query.Regex) kq;
@@ -535,6 +597,16 @@ private boolean matches(Query.KeyQuery kq, String value) {
     }
   }
 
+  private boolean couldMatch(Query.KeyQuery kq, String value) {
+    if (kq instanceof Query.Regex) {
+      // For this possible matches prefix check is sufficient, avoid full regex to
+      // keep the pre-filter checks cheap.
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return kq.matches(value);
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Find hot spots in the index where there is a large set of linear matches, e.g. a bunch
    * of regex queries for a given key.
diff --git a/spectator-reg-atlas/src/test/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/PrefixTreeTest.java b/spectator-reg-atlas/src/test/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/PrefixTreeTest.java
index ac622396b..a4558c82c 100644
--- a/spectator-reg-atlas/src/test/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/PrefixTreeTest.java
+++ b/spectator-reg-atlas/src/test/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/PrefixTreeTest.java
@@ -44,33 +44,43 @@ private void assertSize(PrefixTree tree, int expected) {
     Assertions.assertEquals(expected == 0, tree.isEmpty());
   }
 
+  private void assertEquals(List<Query.KeyQuery> expected, PrefixTree tree, String key) {
+    List<Query.KeyQuery> actual = sort(tree.get(key));
+    if (!actual.isEmpty()) {
+      Assertions.assertTrue(tree.exists(key, k -> true));
+    } else {
+      Assertions.assertFalse(tree.exists(key, k -> true));
+    }
+    Assertions.assertEquals(expected, actual);
+  }
+
   @Test
   public void nullPrefix() {
     PrefixTree tree = new PrefixTree();
     tree.put(null, re("1"));
     assertSize(tree, 1);
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("foo"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("bar"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get(""));
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "foo");
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "bar");
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "");
 
     Assertions.assertFalse(tree.remove(null, re("2")));
     Assertions.assertTrue(tree.remove(null, re("1")));
     assertSize(tree, 0);
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("foo"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "foo");
   }
 
   @Test
   public void emptyPrefix() {
     PrefixTree tree = new PrefixTree();
     tree.put("", re("1"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("foo"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("bar"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get(""));
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "foo");
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "bar");
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "");
 
     Assertions.assertFalse(tree.remove("", re("2")));
     Assertions.assertTrue(tree.remove("", re("1")));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("foo"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "foo");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -79,16 +89,16 @@ public void simplePrefix() {
     tree.put("abc", re("1"));
     assertSize(tree, 1);
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("abcdef"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("abcghi"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("abc"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("abd"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("ab"));
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "abcdef");
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "abcghi");
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "abc");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "abd");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "ab");
 
     Assertions.assertTrue(tree.remove("abc", re("1")));
     Assertions.assertFalse(tree.remove("abc", re("1")));
     assertSize(tree, 0);
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("abcdef"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "abcdef");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -100,15 +110,15 @@ public void multipleMatches() {
     tree.put("abc", re("4"));
     assertSize(tree, 4);
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1", "2", "3", "4"), sort(tree.get("abcdef")));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("2", "3"), sort(tree.get("abdef")));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("3"), tree.get("adef"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("bcdef"));
+    assertEquals(list("1", "2", "3", "4"), tree, "abcdef");
+    assertEquals(list("2", "3"), tree, "abdef");
+    assertEquals(list("3"), tree, "adef");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "bcdef");
 
     Assertions.assertFalse(tree.remove("ab", re("1")));
     Assertions.assertTrue(tree.remove("abc", re("1")));
     assertSize(tree, 3);
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("2", "3", "4"), sort(tree.get("abcdef")));
+    assertEquals(list("2", "3", "4"), tree, "abcdef");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -117,20 +127,20 @@ public void unicodeCharInPrefix() {
     tree.put("aβc", re("1"));
     assertSize(tree, 1);
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("aβcdef"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("aβcghi"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1"), tree.get("aβc"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("abcdef"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("abcghi"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("abc"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("abd"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("ab"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("aβ"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("b"));
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "aβcdef");
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "aβcghi");
+    assertEquals(list("1"), tree, "aβc");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "abcdef");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "abcghi");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "abc");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "abd");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "ab");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "aβ");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "b");
 
     Assertions.assertTrue(tree.remove("aβc", re("1")));
     assertSize(tree, 0);
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("abcdef"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "abcdef");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -139,18 +149,18 @@ public void emptyRootPrefix() {
     tree.put("ab", re("ab"));
     tree.put("cd", re("cd"));
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("ab"), tree.get("ab"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("cd"), tree.get("cd"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("ef"));
+    assertEquals(list("ab"), tree, "ab");
+    assertEquals(list("cd"), tree, "cd");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "ef");
 
     Assertions.assertTrue(tree.remove("ab", re("ab")));
     PrefixTree tree2 = new PrefixTree();
     tree2.put("cd", re("cd"));
     Assertions.assertEquals(tree2, tree);
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("ab"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("cd"), tree.get("cd"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree.get("ef"));
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "ab");
+    assertEquals(list("cd"), tree, "cd");
+    assertEquals(Collections.emptyList(), tree, "ef");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -159,7 +169,7 @@ public void updateExistingNode() {
     tree.put("abcdef", re("1"));
     tree.put("abcdef", re("2"));
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1", "2"), tree.get("abcdef"));
+    assertEquals(list("1", "2"), tree, "abcdef");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -169,8 +179,8 @@ public void addChildNode() {
     tree.put("abcdefghi", re("2"));
     tree.put("abcdef", re("3"));
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1", "3"), tree.get("abcdef"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("1", "3", "2"), tree.get("abcdefghi"));
+    assertEquals(list("1", "3"), tree, "abcdef");
+    assertEquals(list("1", "2", "3"), tree, "abcdefghi");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -179,8 +189,8 @@ public void splitInteriorNode() {
     tree.put("abcdef", re("abcdef"));
     tree.put("abcghi", re("abcghi"));
 
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("abcdef"), tree.get("abcdef"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("abcghi"), tree.get("abcghi"));
+    assertEquals(list("abcdef"), tree, "abcdef");
+    assertEquals(list("abcghi"), tree, "abcghi");
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -189,7 +199,7 @@ public void manyDifferentRootPrefixes() {
     tree.put("abc", re("abc"));
     tree.put("def", re("def"));
     tree.put("ghi", re("ghi"));
-    Assertions.assertEquals(list("abc"), tree.get("abcdef"));
+    assertEquals(list("abc"), tree, "abcdef");
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/spectator-reg-atlas/src/test/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/QueryIndexTest.java b/spectator-reg-atlas/src/test/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/QueryIndexTest.java
index 17aaefb67..953bf123e 100644
--- a/spectator-reg-atlas/src/test/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/QueryIndexTest.java
+++ b/spectator-reg-atlas/src/test/java/com/netflix/spectator/atlas/impl/QueryIndexTest.java
@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@ private void assertEquals(List<Query> expected, QueryIndex<Query> idx, Id id) {
     }
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
       Assertions.assertEquals(expected, sort(idx.findMatches(Query.toMap(id)::get)));
+      // Only check could match case here since couldMatch should be a superset of actual
+      // matches
+      if (!expected.isEmpty()) {
+        Assertions.assertTrue(idx.couldMatch(Query.toMap(id)::get));
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -551,4 +556,24 @@ public void findHotSpots() {
       Assertions.assertEquals(5, queries.size());
     });
   }
+
+  @Test
+  public void couldMatchPartial() {
+    Registry registry = new NoopRegistry();
+    QueryIndex<Integer> idx = QueryIndex.newInstance(registry);
+    Query q = Parser.parseQuery("name,foo,:eq,id,bar,:eq,:and,app,baz,:re,:and");
+    idx.add(q, 42);
+
+    Assertions.assertTrue(idx.couldMatch(Query.toMap(id("foo"))::get));
+    Assertions.assertTrue(idx.couldMatch(Query.toMap(id("foo", "id", "bar"))::get));
+    Assertions.assertTrue(idx.couldMatch(Query.toMap(id("foo", "app", "baz-main"))::get));
+
+    // Since `id` is after `app` and `app` is missing in tags, it will short-circuit and
+    // assume it could match
+    Assertions.assertTrue(idx.couldMatch(Query.toMap(id("foo", "id", "baz"))::get));
+
+    // Filtered out
+    Assertions.assertFalse(idx.couldMatch(Query.toMap(id("foo2", "id", "bar"))::get));
+    Assertions.assertFalse(idx.couldMatch(Query.toMap(id("foo", "app", "bar-main"))::get));
+  }
 }
\ No newline at end of file