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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: 01-data-hello.qmd
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terms_chp_1 <- c("data")
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```
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## Case study: Using stents to prevent strokes {#sec-case-study-stents-strokes}
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## Case study: Using stents to prevent strokes {sec-case-study-stents-strokes}
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In this section we introduce a classic challenge in statistics: evaluating the efficacy of a medical treatment.
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Terms in this section, and indeed much of this chapter, will all be revisited later in the text.
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In addition, there are many types of stents, and this study only considered the self-expanding Wingspan stent (Boston Scientific).
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However, this study does leave us with an important lesson: we should keep our eyes open for surprises.
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## Data basics {#sec-data-basics}
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## Data basics {sec-data-basics}
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Effective presentation and description of data is a first step in most analyses.
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This section introduces one structure for organizing data as well as some terminology that will be used throughout this book.
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The [`county`](http://openintrostat.github.io/usdata/reference/county.html) data can be found in the [**usdata**](http://openintrostat.github.io/usdata) R package.
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:::
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### Types of variables {#variable-types}
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### Types of variables {variable-types}
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Examine the `unemployment_rate`, `pop2017`, `state`, and `median_edu` variables in the `county` dataset.
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Each of these variables is inherently different from the other three, yet some share certain characteristics.
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[^01-data-hello-5]: The `group` variable can take just one of two group names, making it categorical.
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The `num_migraines` variable describes a count of the number of migraines, which is an outcome where basic arithmetic is sensible, which means this is a numerical outcome; more specifically, since it represents a count, `num_migraines` is a discrete numerical variable.
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### Relationships between variables {#variable-relations}
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### Relationships between variables {variable-relations}
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Many analyses are motivated by a researcher looking for a relationship between two or more variables.
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A social scientist may like to answer some of the following questions:
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\vspace{10mm}
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## Chapter review {#chp1-review}
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## Chapter review {chp1-review}
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### Summary
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\clearpage
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## Exercises {#chp1-exercises}
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## Exercises {chp1-exercises}
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Answers to odd-numbered exercises can be found in [Appendix -@sec-exercise-solutions-01].
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: 16-inference-one-prop.qmd
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source("_common.R")
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```
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# Inference for a single proportion {#inference-one-prop}
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# Inference for a single proportion {#sec-inference-one-prop}
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::: {.chapterintro data-latex=""}
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Focusing now on statistical inference for categorical data, we will revisit many of the foundational aspects of hypothesis testing from Chapter \@ref(foundations-randomization).
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