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ADR 14: Use self-managed NoSQL Database with object-oriented model

Date: 2023-09-15

Status

Proposed

Context

Every application should have a database to persist data. Given the availability, performance, and scalability requirements, we should consider our choice very carefully.

Decision

To achieve a highly scalable and available system while keeping performance at exceptional level, opting for a NoSQL clustered database is essential. We recommend using self-managed MongoDB for reasons similar to the Message Broker's. Self-management within Kubernetes enables us to control costs while ensuring robust database performance and availability.

Consequences

Positive

  • Flexibility and Schema-less Design: NoSQL databases are schema-less, which means you can store data without defining a rigid schema in advance. This flexibility is particularly useful when dealing with unstructured or semi-structured data.

  • Scalability: NoSQL databases are designed to handle large volumes of data and high traffic loads. They can scale horizontally, adding more servers or nodes to accommodate increased data and traffic.

  • High Performance: Many NoSQL databases are optimized for read and write operations, making them suitable for applications that require low latency and high throughput, such as real-time analytics and gaming.

  • Simplified Replication and Sharding: NoSQL databases often provide built-in support for data replication and sharding, making it easier to ensure data availability and distribute data across multiple servers or data centers.

Negative

  • Lack of ACID Transactions: Most NoSQL databases sacrifice strong ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) transactions for performance and scalability. This can lead to data consistency issues in certain scenarios.

  • Limited Query Capabilities: NoSQL databases typically lack the advanced querying features of relational databases, making it challenging to perform complex joins and queries.

  • Data Integrity Challenges: With a flexible schema, maintaining data integrity and consistency may require more effort in NoSQL databases compared to traditional relational databases.