GitBasics.md

Git Basics

Git is a version control system that helps in tracking changes in files, coordinating work between multiple people, and working on different versions of files. It is a command-line tool that can be used to manage and track changes in code and other files.

Setup Commands

• git config sets up your email address and name so changes can be attributed to you.

$ git config --global user.email "you@example.com"
$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"

Basic Commands

• git init creates a new repository for you to start tracking changes in your code.

  $ git init my-project

• git clone creates a local copy of a remote repository, allowing you to work on the code locally.

  $ git clone <https://github.com/user/repo.git>

• git add adds changes to the staging area so that they can be committed to the repository.

  $ git add README.md

• git commit saves the changes you have made to the repository, along with a commit message describing the changes.

  • git commit -am adds and commits changes with a message in one step.

  $ git commit -m "Add README.md"

• git status shows the current status of the repository, including any changes that have been made since the last commit.

  $ git status

• git log displays the commit history of the repository, including the author, date, and commit message for each commit.

  $ git log

• git push pushes the changes you have made to a remote repository, such as one hosted on a Git hosting service like GitHub or GitLab.

  $ git push origin

• git pull fetches changes from a remote repository and merges them with your local repository.

  $ git pull origin

Setting up a new project example

To set up a new coding project and add a README.md to a GitHub repository and push it, follow these steps:

1. Create a new project directory on your local machine.

   $ mkdir my-project

2. Navigate to the new project directory.

   $ cd my-project

3. Initialize the directory as a Git repository.

   $ git init

4. Create a new README.md file in the project directory.

   $ touch README.md

5. Add some content to the README.md file.

   $ echo "Hello world" >> README.md

6. Add the README.md file to the staging area.

   $ git add README.md

7. Commit the changes to the repository with a commit message.

   $ git commit -m "Add README.md"

8. Create a new repository on GitHub.

9. Add the remote repository URL as a remote in your local repository.

   $ git remote add origin <https://github.com/user/repo.git>

10. Push the local repository to the remote repository on GitHub.

    $ git push -u origin main