Resources

Read or watch:

Modules
Command line arguments
Pycodestyle – Style Guide for Python Code

man or help:

python3

Learning Objectives

At the end of this project, you are expected to be able to explain to anyone, without the help of Google:

General

Why Python programming is awesome
How to import functions from another file
How to use imported functions
How to create a module
How to use the built-in function dir()
How to prevent code in your script from being executed when imported
How to use command line arguments with your Python programs

Quiz questions

Question #0

What do these lines print?

>>> def my_function():
>>>     print("In my function")
>>>
>>> my_function()

Nothing
“In my function”
In my function
function my_function at …

Question #1

What do these lines print?

>>> def my_function(counter=89):
>>>     print("Counter: {}".format(counter))
>>>
>>> my_function(12)

Counter: 12
Counter: 89
Counter: 101

Question #2

What do these lines print?

>>> def my_function():
>>>     print("In my function")
>>>
>>> my_function

Nothing
“In my function”
In my function
function my_function at …

Question #3

What do these lines print?

>>> def my_function(counter):
>>>     print("Counter: {}".format(counter))
>>>
>>> my_function(12)

Counter: counter
Counter: c
Counter: 12

Question #4

What do these lines print?

>>> def my_function(counter=89):
>>>     print("Counter: {}".format(counter))
>>>
>>> my_function()

Counter: 12
Counter: 89
Counter: 101

Question #5

What do these lines print?

>>> def my_function(counter=89):
>>>     return counter + 1
>>>
>>> print(my_function())

891
1
89
90

Tasks

0. Import a simple function from a simple file

Write a program that imports the function def add(a, b): from the file add_0.py and prints the result of the addition 1 + 2 = 3

You have to use print function with string format to display integers
You have to assign:
- the value 1 to a variable called a
- the value 2 to a variable called b
- and use those two variables as arguments when calling the functions add and print
a and b must be defined in 2 different lines: a = 1 and another b = 2
Your program should print: <a value> + <b value> = <add(a, b) value> followed with a new line
You can only use the word add_0 once in your code
You are not allowed to use * for importing or __import__
Your code should not be executed when imported - by using __import__, like the example below

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ cat add_0.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
def add(a, b):
    """My addition function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a + b
    """
    return (a + b)

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./0-add.py
1 + 2 = 3
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ cat 0-import_add.py
__import__("0-add")
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ python3 0-import_add.py
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 0-add.py

1. My first toolbox!

Write a program that imports functions from the file calculator_1.py, does some Maths, and prints the result.

Do not use the function print (with string format to display integers) more than 4 times
You have to define:
- the value 10 to a variable a
- the value 5 to a variable b
- and use those two variables only, as arguments when calling functions (including print) a and b must be defined in 2 different lines: a = 10 and another b = 5
Your program should call each of the imported functions. See example below for format
the word calculator_1 should be used only once in your file
You are not allowed to use * for importing or __import__
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ cat calculator_1.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
def add(a, b):
    """My addition function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a + b
    """
    return (a + b)


def sub(a, b):
    """My subtraction function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a - b
    """
    return (a - b)


def mul(a, b):
    """My multiplication function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a * b
    """
    return (a * b)


def div(a, b):
    """My division function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a / b
    """
    return int(a / b)

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./1-calculation.py
10 + 5 = 15
10 - 5 = 5
10 * 5 = 50
10 / 5 = 2
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 1-calculation.py

2. How to make a script dynamic!

Write a program that prints the number of and the list of its arguments.

The output should be:
- Number of argument(s) followed by argument (if number is one) or arguments (otherwise), followed by
- : (or . if no arguments were passed) followed by
- a new line, followed by (if at least one argument),
- one line per argument:
  - the position of the argument (starting at 1) followed by :, followed by the argument value and a new line
Your code should not be executed when imported
The number of elements of argv can be retrieved by using: len(argv)
You do not have to fully understand lists yet, but imagine that argv can be used just like a C array: you can use an index to walk through it. There are other ways (which will be preferred for future project tasks), if you know them you can use them.

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./2-args.py
0 arguments.
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./2-args.py Hello
1 argument:
1: Hello
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./2-args.py Hello Welcome To The Best School
6 arguments:
1: Hello
2: Welcome
3: To
4: The
5: Best
6: School
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 2-args.py

3. Infinite addition

Write a program that prints the result of the addition of all arguments

The output should be the result of the addition of all arguments, followed by a new line
You can cast arguments into integers by using int() (you can assume that all arguments can be casted into integers)
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./3-infinite_add.py
0
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./3-infinite_add.py 79 10
89
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./3-infinite_add.py 79 10 -40 -300 89
-162
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Last but not least, your program should also handle big numbers. And the good news is: if your program works for the above example, it will work for the following example:

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./3-infinite_add.py 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112222222222222222222222222222222222223435467866765443534434222222254444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555666666666666666666666666666666777777777777777777777777777777888888888888888888888888888888899999999999999999999999990000000000000000000 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222333333333333333333334567788888899999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999
11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111222222222222222222222222222333333333333333333334568900000011111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112222222222222222222222222222222222223435467866765443534434222222254444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555555666666666666666666666666666666777777777777777777777777777777888888888888888888888888888888899999999999999999999999989999999999999999999
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Remember how you did (or did not) do it in C? #pythoniscool

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 3-infinite_add.py

4. Who are you?

Write a program that prints all the names defined by the compiled module hidden_4.pyc (please download it locally).

You should print one name per line, in alpha order
You should print only names that do not start with __
Your code should not be executed when imported
Make sure you are running your code in Python3.8.x (hidden_4.pyc has been compiled with this version)

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ curl -Lso "hidden_4.pyc" "https://github.com/alx-tools/0x02.py/raw/master/hidden_4.pyc"
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./4-hidden_discovery.py | sort
my_secret_santa
print_hidden
print_school
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 4-hidden_discovery.py

5. Everything can be imported

Write a program that imports the variable a from the file variable_load_5.py and prints its value.

You are not allowed to use * for importing or __import__
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ cat variable_load_5.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
a = 98
"""Simple variable
"""

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./5-variable_load.py
98
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 5-variable_load.py

6. Build my own calculator!

Write a program that imports all functions from the file calculator_1.py and handles basic operations.

Usage: ./100-my_calculator.py a operator b
- If the number of arguments is not 3, your program has to:
  - print Usage: ./100-my_calculator.py <a> <operator> <b> followed with a new line
  - exit with the value 1
- operator can be:
  - + for addition
  - - for subtraction
  - * for multiplication
  - / for division
- If the operator is not one of the above:
  - print Unknown operator. Available operators: +, -, * and / followed with a new line
  - exit with the value 1
- You can cast a and b into integers by using int() (you can assume that all arguments will be castable into integers)
- The result should be printed like this: <a> <operator> <b> = <result>, followed by a new line
You are not allowed to use * for importing or __import__
Your code should not be executed when imported

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ cat calculator_1.py
#!/usr/bin/python3
def add(a, b):
    """My addition function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a + b
    """
    return (a + b)


def sub(a, b):
    """My subtraction function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a - b
    """
    return (a - b)


def mul(a, b):
    """My multiplication function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a * b
    """
    return (a * b)


def div(a, b):
    """My division function

    Args:
        a: first integer
        b: second integer

    Returns:
        The return value. a / b
    """
    return int(a / b)

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./100-my_calculator.py ; echo $?
Usage: ./100-my_calculator.py <a> <operator> <b>
1
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./100-my_calculator.py 3 + 5 ; echo $?
3 + 5 = 8
0
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./100-my_calculator.py 3 H 5 ; echo $?
Unknown operator. Available operators: +, -, * and /
1
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 100-my_calculator.py

7. Easy print

Write a program that prints #pythoniscool, followed by a new line, in the standard output.

Your program should be maximum 2 lines long
You are not allowed to use print or eval or open or import sys in your file 101-easy_print.py

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./101-easy_print.py
#pythoniscool
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 101-easy_print.py

8. ByteCode -> Python #3

Write the Python function def magic_calculation(a, b): that does exactly the same as the following Python bytecode:

  3           0 LOAD_CONST               1 (0)
              3 LOAD_CONST               2 (('add', 'sub'))
              6 IMPORT_NAME              0 (magic_calculation_102)
              9 IMPORT_FROM              1 (add)
             12 STORE_FAST               2 (add)
             15 IMPORT_FROM              2 (sub)
             18 STORE_FAST               3 (sub)
             21 POP_TOP

  4          22 LOAD_FAST                0 (a)
             25 LOAD_FAST                1 (b)
             28 COMPARE_OP               0 (<)
             31 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE       94

  5          34 LOAD_FAST                2 (add)
             37 LOAD_FAST                0 (a)
             40 LOAD_FAST                1 (b)
             43 CALL_FUNCTION            2 (2 positional, 0 keyword pair)
             46 STORE_FAST               4 (c)

  6          49 SETUP_LOOP              38 (to 90)
             52 LOAD_GLOBAL              3 (range)
             55 LOAD_CONST               3 (4)
             58 LOAD_CONST               4 (6)
             61 CALL_FUNCTION            2 (2 positional, 0 keyword pair)
             64 GET_ITER
        >>   65 FOR_ITER                21 (to 89)
             68 STORE_FAST               5 (i)

  7          71 LOAD_FAST                2 (add)
             74 LOAD_FAST                4 (c)
             77 LOAD_FAST                5 (i)
             80 CALL_FUNCTION            2 (2 positional, 0 keyword pair)
             83 STORE_FAST               4 (c)
             86 JUMP_ABSOLUTE           65
        >>   89 POP_BLOCK

  8     >>   90 LOAD_FAST                4 (c)
             93 RETURN_VALUE

 10     >>   94 LOAD_FAST                3 (sub)
             97 LOAD_FAST                0 (a)
            100 LOAD_FAST                1 (b)
            103 CALL_FUNCTION            2 (2 positional, 0 keyword pair)
            106 RETURN_VALUE
            107 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
            110 RETURN_VALUE

Tip: Python bytecode

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 102-magic_calculation.py

9. Fast alphabet

Write a program that prints the alphabet in uppercase, followed by a new line.

Your program should be maximum 3 lines long
You are not allowed to use:
- any loops
- any conditional statements
- str.join()
- any string literal
- any system calls

guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ ./103-fast_alphabet.py
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$ wc -l 103-fast_alphabet.py
3 103-fast_alphabet.py
guillaume@ubuntu:~/0x02$

Repo:

GitHub repository: alx-higher_level_programming
Directory: 0x02-python-import_modules
File: 103-fast_alphabet.py

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README.md

README.md

Resources

Learning Objectives

General

Quiz questions

Question #0

Question #1

Question #2

Question #3

Question #4

Question #5

Tasks

0. Import a simple function from a simple file

1. My first toolbox!

2. How to make a script dynamic!

3. Infinite addition

4. Who are you?

5. Everything can be imported

6. Build my own calculator!

7. Easy print

8. ByteCode -> Python #3

9. Fast alphabet

Files

README.md

Latest commit

History

README.md

File metadata and controls

Resources

Learning Objectives

General

Quiz questions

Question #0

Question #1

Question #2

Question #3

Question #4

Question #5

Tasks

0. Import a simple function from a simple file

1. My first toolbox!

2. How to make a script dynamic!

3. Infinite addition

4. Who are you?

5. Everything can be imported

6. Build my own calculator!

7. Easy print

8. ByteCode -> Python #3

9. Fast alphabet