diff --git a/.changeset/tall-masks-call.md b/.changeset/tall-masks-call.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..defd79581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/tall-masks-call.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/virtual-core': patch
+---
+
+fix(core): handle case when item count is less than or equal to lanes
diff --git a/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts b/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
index d91e68acf..b3b4a90d5 100644
--- a/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/virtual-core/src/index.ts
@@ -1123,6 +1123,14 @@ function calculateRange({
   const lastIndex = measurements.length - 1
   const getOffset = (index: number) => measurements[index]!.start
 
+  // handle case when item count is less than or equal to lanes
+  if (measurements.length <= lanes) {
+    return {
+      startIndex: 0,
+      endIndex: lastIndex,
+    }
+  }
+
   let startIndex = findNearestBinarySearch(
     0,
     lastIndex,