diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/environment/application/port/input/dto/DetailEnvironmentDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/environment/application/port/input/dto/DetailEnvironmentDto.kt
index 802431f9..569fd66a 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/environment/application/port/input/dto/DetailEnvironmentDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/environment/application/port/input/dto/DetailEnvironmentDto.kt
@@ -3,13 +3,19 @@ package andreas311.miso.domain.environment.application.port.input.dto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.environment.domain.TodayEnvironment
 
 data class DetailEnvironmentDto(
-    val title: String = "",
-    val content: String = "",
-    val imageUrl: String? = ""
+    val title: String,
+    val content: String,
+    val imageUrl: String?
 ) {
-    constructor(todayEnvironment: TodayEnvironment): this(
+    constructor(todayEnvironment: TodayEnvironment) : this(
         title = todayEnvironment.title,
         content = todayEnvironment.content,
         imageUrl = todayEnvironment.imageUrl
     )
+
+    constructor() : this(
+        title = "",
+        content = "",
+        imageUrl = null
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/DetailItemDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/DetailItemDto.kt
index 8be7a0be..bfc1527b 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/DetailItemDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/DetailItemDto.kt
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ package andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.input.dto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.domain.Item
 
 data class DetailItemDto(
-    val id: Long = 0L,
-    val price: Int = 0,
-    val amount: Int = 0,
-    val name: String = "",
-    val content: String = "",
-    val imageUrl: String? = ""
+    val id: Long,
+    val price: Int,
+    val amount: Int,
+    val name: String,
+    val content: String,
+    val imageUrl: String?
 ) {
     constructor(item: Item) : this(
         id = item.id,
@@ -18,4 +18,13 @@ data class DetailItemDto(
         content = item.content,
         imageUrl = item.imageUrl
     )
+
+    constructor() : this(
+        id = 0,
+        price = 0,
+        amount = 0,
+        name = "",
+        content = "",
+        imageUrl = null
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/ItemDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/ItemDto.kt
index ce758fb1..ec0b0b9f 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/ItemDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/ItemDto.kt
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.input.dto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.domain.Item
 
 data class ItemDto(
-    val id: Long = 0L,
-    val price: Int = 0,
-    val amount: Int = 0,
-    val name: String = "",
-    val imageUrl: String? = ""
+    val id: Long,
+    val price: Int,
+    val amount: Int,
+    val name: String,
+    val imageUrl: String?
 ) {
     constructor(item: Item) : this(
         id = item.id,
@@ -16,4 +16,12 @@ data class ItemDto(
         name = item.name,
         imageUrl = item.imageUrl
     )
+
+    constructor() : this(
+        id = 0L,
+        price = 0,
+        amount = 0,
+        name = "",
+        imageUrl = null
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/ListItemDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/ListItemDto.kt
index 5f0c36c7..c50dacf7 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/ListItemDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/port/input/dto/ListItemDto.kt
@@ -2,4 +2,6 @@ package andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.input.dto
 
 data class ListItemDto(
     val itemList: List<ItemDto>
-)
+) {
+    constructor() : this(emptyList())
+}
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/CreateItemService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/CreateItemService.kt
index 18535ed5..fb0323fd 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/CreateItemService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/CreateItemService.kt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.input.dto.CreateItemDto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.output.CommandItemPort
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.domain.Item
 import andreas311.miso.thirdparty.aws.s3.util.S3Util
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict
 import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile
 
 @RollbackService
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ class CreateItemService(
     private val s3Util: S3Util,
     private val commandItemPort: CommandItemPort
 ) : CreateItemUseCase {
+    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["itemList"], key = "'itemList'", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
     override fun execute(createItemDto: CreateItemDto, multipartFile: MultipartFile?) {
         val imageUrl =
             if (multipartFile != null) {
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/DeleteItemService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/DeleteItemService.kt
index 9a2d5b9f..26a3b152 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/DeleteItemService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/DeleteItemService.kt
@@ -6,13 +6,17 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.input.DeleteItemUseCase
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.output.CommandItemPort
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.output.QueryItemPort
 import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Caching
 
 @RollbackService
 class DeleteItemService(
     private val queryItemPort: QueryItemPort,
     private val commandItemPort: CommandItemPort
 ) : DeleteItemUseCase {
-    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["item"], key = "#id", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
+    @Caching(evict = [
+        CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["item"], key = "#id", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager"),
+        CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["itemList"], key = "'itemList'", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
+    ])
     override fun execute(id: Long) {
         val itemEntity = queryItemPort.findByIdOrNull(id)
             ?: throw ItemNotFoundException()
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/EditItemService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/EditItemService.kt
index bfe1f044..7d7748c1 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/EditItemService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/EditItemService.kt
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.output.QueryItemPort
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.domain.Item
 import andreas311.miso.thirdparty.aws.s3.util.S3Util
 import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Caching
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile
 
@@ -17,7 +18,10 @@ class EditItemService(
     private val queryItemPort: QueryItemPort,
     private val commandItemPort: CommandItemPort
 ) : EditItemUseCase {
-    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["item"], key = "#id", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
+    @Caching(evict = [
+        CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["item"], key = "#id", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager"),
+        CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["itemList"], key = "'itemList'", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
+    ])
     override fun execute(id: Long, editItemDto: EditItemDto, multipartFile: MultipartFile?) {
         val item = queryItemPort.findByIdOrNull(id)
             ?: throw ItemNotFoundException()
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/ListItemService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/ListItemService.kt
index a6d64a77..779bba4c 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/ListItemService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/item/application/service/ListItemService.kt
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.input.ListItemUseCase
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.input.dto.ItemDto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.input.dto.ListItemDto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.item.application.port.output.QueryItemPort
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable
 
 @ReadOnlyRollbackService
 class ListItemService(
     private val queryItemPort: QueryItemPort
 ) : ListItemUseCase {
+    @Cacheable(cacheNames = ["itemList"], key = "'itemList'", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
     override fun execute(): ListItemDto {
         return ListItemDto(
             itemList = queryItemPort.findAll()
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/notification/application/port/input/dto/DetailNotificationDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/notification/application/port/input/dto/DetailNotificationDto.kt
index e3e7888e..be5d725a 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/notification/application/port/input/dto/DetailNotificationDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/notification/application/port/input/dto/DetailNotificationDto.kt
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@ package andreas311.miso.domain.notification.application.port.input.dto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.notification.domain.Notification
 
 data class DetailNotificationDto(
-    val answer: String = ""
+    val answer: String
 ) {
     constructor(notification: Notification) : this(
         answer = notification.answer
     )
+
+    constructor() : this(
+        answer = ""
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/DetailRecyclablesDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/DetailRecyclablesDto.kt
index 0917b078..8eeed59f 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/DetailRecyclablesDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/DetailRecyclablesDto.kt
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.domain.Recyclables
 import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.domain.RecyclablesType
 
 data class DetailRecyclablesDto(
-    val id: Long = 0L,
-    val title: String = "",
-    val subTitle: String = "",
-    val recycleMethod: String = "",
-    val recycleTip: String = "",
-    val recycleCaution: String = "",
-    val imageUrl: String? = "",
-    val recyclablesType: RecyclablesType = RecyclablesType.BAG,
-    val recycleMark: String = ""
+    val id: Long,
+    val title: String,
+    val subTitle: String,
+    val recycleMethod: String,
+    val recycleTip: String,
+    val recycleCaution: String,
+    val imageUrl: String?,
+    val recyclablesType: RecyclablesType,
+    val recycleMark: String
 ) {
     constructor(recyclables: Recyclables) : this(
         id = recyclables.id,
@@ -25,4 +25,16 @@ data class DetailRecyclablesDto(
         recyclablesType = recyclables.recyclablesType,
         recycleMark = recyclables.recycleMark
     )
+
+    constructor() : this(
+        id = 0L,
+        title = "",
+        subTitle = "",
+        recycleMethod = "",
+        recycleTip = "",
+        recycleCaution = "",
+        imageUrl = null,
+        recyclablesType = RecyclablesType.BAG,
+        recycleMark = ""
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/ListRecyclablesDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/ListRecyclablesDto.kt
index 17b5e611..59df3071 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/ListRecyclablesDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/ListRecyclablesDto.kt
@@ -2,4 +2,6 @@ package andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.application.port.input.dto
 
 data class ListRecyclablesDto(
     val recyclablesList: List<RecyclablesDto>
-)
+) {
+    constructor() : this(emptyList())
+}
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/RecyclablesDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/RecyclablesDto.kt
index eb4d58ee..6b8308b2 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/RecyclablesDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/port/input/dto/RecyclablesDto.kt
@@ -15,4 +15,11 @@ data class RecyclablesDto(
         recycleMethod = recyclables.recycleMethod,
         recyclablesType = recyclables.recyclablesType
     )
+
+    constructor() : this(
+        title = "",
+        imageUrl = null,
+        recycleMethod = "",
+        recyclablesType = RecyclablesType.BAG
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/CreateRecyclablesService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/CreateRecyclablesService.kt
index f6f18676..74457411 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/CreateRecyclablesService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/CreateRecyclablesService.kt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.application.port.input.dto.CreateRecyc
 import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.application.port.output.CommandRecyclablesPort
 import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.domain.Recyclables
 import andreas311.miso.thirdparty.aws.s3.util.S3Util
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict
 import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile
 
 @RollbackService
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ class CreateRecyclablesService(
     private val s3Util: S3Util,
     private val commandRecyclablesPort: CommandRecyclablesPort
 ) : CreateRecyclablesUseCase {
+    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["recyclablesList"], key = "'recyclablesList'", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
     override fun execute(createRecyclablesDto: CreateRecyclablesDto, multipartFile: MultipartFile?) {
         val imageUrl =
             if (multipartFile != null) {
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/DeleteRecyclablesService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/DeleteRecyclablesService.kt
index de8b397c..6400ecbc 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/DeleteRecyclablesService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/DeleteRecyclablesService.kt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class DeleteRecyclablesService(
     private val queryRecyclablesPort: QueryRecyclablesPort,
     private val commandRecyclablesPort: CommandRecyclablesPort
 ) : DeleteRecyclablesUseCase {
-    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["recyclables"], key = "#id", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
+    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["recyclablesList"], key = "'recyclablesList'", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
     override fun execute(id: Long) {
         val recyclablesEntity = queryRecyclablesPort.findByIdOrNull(id)
             ?: throw RecyclablesNotFoundException()
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/EditRecyclablesService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/EditRecyclablesService.kt
index b6c0f126..e238e6d5 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/EditRecyclablesService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/EditRecyclablesService.kt
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.application.port.output.QueryRecyclabl
 import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.domain.Recyclables
 import andreas311.miso.thirdparty.aws.s3.util.S3Util
 import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Caching
 import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile
 
 @RollbackService
@@ -17,7 +18,10 @@ class EditRecyclablesService(
     private val queryRecyclablesPort: QueryRecyclablesPort,
     private val commandRecyclablesPort: CommandRecyclablesPort
 ) : EditRecyclablesUseCase {
-    @CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["recyclables"], key = "#editRecyclablesDto.recyclablesType", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
+    @Caching(evict = [
+        CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["recyclables"], key = "#editRecyclablesDto.recyclablesType", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager"),
+        CacheEvict(cacheNames = ["recyclablesList"], key = "'recyclablesList'", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
+    ])
     override fun execute(id: Long, editRecyclablesDto: EditRecyclablesDto, multipartFile: MultipartFile?) {
         val recyclables = queryRecyclablesPort.findByIdOrNull(id)
             ?: throw RecyclablesNotFoundException()
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/ListRecyclablesService.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/ListRecyclablesService.kt
index 8a747453..40303375 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/ListRecyclablesService.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/recyclables/application/service/ListRecyclablesService.kt
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.application.port.input.ListRecyclables
 import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.application.port.input.dto.ListRecyclablesDto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.application.port.input.dto.RecyclablesDto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.recyclables.application.port.output.QueryRecyclablesPort
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable
 
 @ReadOnlyRollbackService
 class ListRecyclablesService(
     private val queryRecyclablesPort: QueryRecyclablesPort
 ) : ListRecyclablesUseCase {
+    @Cacheable(cacheNames = ["recyclablesList"], key = "'recyclablesList'", cacheManager = "redisCacheManager")
     override fun execute(): ListRecyclablesDto {
         return ListRecyclablesDto(
             recyclablesList = queryRecyclablesPort.findAll()
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/user/application/port/input/dto/PointDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/user/application/port/input/dto/PointDto.kt
index dd21f99f..a7ca3f7c 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/user/application/port/input/dto/PointDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/user/application/port/input/dto/PointDto.kt
@@ -3,9 +3,13 @@ package andreas311.miso.domain.user.application.port.input.dto
 import andreas311.miso.domain.user.domain.User
 
 data class PointDto(
-    val point: Int = 0
+    val point: Int
 ) {
     constructor(user: User) : this(
         point = user.point
     )
+
+    constructor() : this(
+        point = 0
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/user/application/port/input/dto/UserInfoDto.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/user/application/port/input/dto/UserInfoDto.kt
index 20fe5fa3..637f6ca9 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/user/application/port/input/dto/UserInfoDto.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/domain/user/application/port/input/dto/UserInfoDto.kt
@@ -5,13 +5,19 @@ import andreas311.miso.domain.user.domain.User
 import java.util.*
 
 data class UserInfoDto(
-    val id: UUID = UUID.randomUUID(),
-    val email: String = "",
-    val role: Role = Role.ROLE_USER
+    val id: UUID,
+    val email: String,
+    val role: Role
 ) {
     constructor(user: User) : this(
         id = user.id,
         email = user.email,
         role = user.role
     )
+
+    constructor() : this(
+        id = UUID.randomUUID(),
+        email = "",
+        role = Role.ROLE_USER
+    )
 }
diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/global/security/filter/JwtExceptionFilter.kt b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/global/security/filter/JwtExceptionFilter.kt
index 0fca3696..d9eeb551 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/global/security/filter/JwtExceptionFilter.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/andreas311/miso/global/security/filter/JwtExceptionFilter.kt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class JwtExceptionFilter : OncePerRequestFilter() {
             val errorCode = when (exception) {
                 is ExpiredJwtException -> ErrorCode.TOKEN_IS_EXPIRED
                 is JwtException, is IllegalArgumentException -> ErrorCode.TOKEN_NOT_VALID
-                else -> ErrorCode.UNKNOWN_ERROR
+                else -> ErrorCode.UNKNOWN_ERROR.also { exception.printStackTrace() }
             }
 
             setErrorResponse(errorCode, response)
@@ -38,9 +38,6 @@ class JwtExceptionFilter : OncePerRequestFilter() {
                         else -> "Exception"
                     }
                     log.debug("================= [ ExceptionHandlerFilter ] 에서 $debugMessage 발생 ===================")
-                    if (exception is IllegalArgumentException) {
-                        exception.printStackTrace()
-                    }
                 }
         }
     }