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Git Cheatsheet

Table of Contents

Review Branching

When should we create a new branch?

Branches are used to diverge from the main code base. They are useful because they create a copy of existing code without modifying the existing code. Think of it as your very own sandbox where you can create anything new.

Therefore, a new branch should be created for any new change to any of the files in the project. This includes but is not limited to creating a new feature in the repo and/or fixing a bug in the repo.

When do merge conflicts occur?

Merge conflicts occur when we have code that could possibly overwrite code that was already there. They are bound to happen if multiple people are working on the same file.

Things to avoid

The main branch should always have working code so as a best practice, we shouldn't

  • Work off of the main branch.
  • Merge code that hasn't been tested into the main branch .

Creating Branches

Each team member should own their own branch and work exclusively on that branch.

First, create a branch and switch to it:

git checkout -b ben-feature-A

Then see all branches:

git branch

You should then see: (the * indicates the current branch)

  main
* ben-feature-A

TIP: Always check to make sure that you are NOT working in the main branch

To switch back and forth between main and your branch, run:

git checkout main
git checkout ben-feature-A

Commit Changes

When you're ready to save your current changes, create a local commit.

In your feature branch, run:

git add -A
git commit -m 'a message describing your changes'

Merge before you push

While you have been working on your code, your teammates may have pushed changes.

First, switch to the main branch and pull the changes:

git checkout main
git pull

Then, switch back to your feature branch and merge the changes from main into your branch.

git checkout ben-feature-A
git merge main

You may need to resolve merge conflicts at this point.

If you see this screen asking you to enter a commit message, simply type :q to quit and accept the default merge message.

Push and make a PR

Once you have merged main into your branch, go ahead and git push.

If it is your first time pushing from this branch, you will be told to use the --set-upstream flag.

  • Go to Github.com and open up your repository.
  • Then, click on the Pull Requests tab to create a new pull request to merge your branch into main.
  • Ask your teammates to review your code and then merge!
  • If you want to continue working on your branch, do NOT delete the branch.

Your teammates can then follow the steps listed in merge before you push to update their local repositories.