diff --git a/.github/workflows/tests.yml b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
index 94a9d52b0..e1b518610 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/tests.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
-        python: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
       fail-fast: false
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 341864924..e03a8c5f7 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v3.20.0
     hooks:
       - id: pyupgrade
-        args: ['--py39-plus']
+        args: ['--py310-plus']
 
 ci:
   autoupdate_commit_msg: Autoupdate pre-commit hooks
diff --git a/docs/examples/plot_3d_to_2d.py b/docs/examples/plot_3d_to_2d.py
index bd897e202..8d04ed25f 100644
--- a/docs/examples/plot_3d_to_2d.py
+++ b/docs/examples/plot_3d_to_2d.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def plot_batch(sampler):
     batch = tio.utils.get_first_item(loader)
 
     _, axes = plt.subplots(4, 4, figsize=(12, 10))
-    for ax, im in zip(axes.flatten(), batch['t1']['data']):
+    for ax, im in zip(axes.flatten(), batch['t1']['data'], strict=True):
         ax.imshow(im.squeeze(), cmap='gray')
     plt.suptitle(sampler.__class__.__name__)
     plt.tight_layout()
diff --git a/justfile b/justfile
index 90d3541c2..ccb3096b7 100644
--- a/justfile
+++ b/justfile
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ bump-python:
     )
     pyproject_path.write_text(pyproject_text)
 
-deprecate-python:
+deprecate-python-in-files:
     #!/usr/bin/env -S uv run --script
     # /// script
     # dependencies = [
@@ -121,11 +121,15 @@ deprecate-python:
     )
     tests_workflow_path.write_text(tests_workflow)
 
+quality_cmd := "uv run --group quality"
+
+deprecate-python: deprecate-python-in-files
+    uv run pre-commit run --all-files pyupgrade
+    {{quality_cmd}} -- ruff check --fix src docs tests
+
 push:
     git push && git push --tags
 
-quality_cmd := "uv run --group quality"
-
 types:
     {{quality_cmd}} -- tox -e types
 
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 4bf247473..68c0357f8 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ classifiers = [
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -31,7 +30,7 @@ classifiers = [
     "Typing :: Typed",
 ]
 keywords = ["medical", "image processing", "pytorch", "augmentation", "mri"]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [
     "deprecated>=1.2",
     "einops>=0.3",
diff --git a/src/torchio/data/dataset.py b/src/torchio/data/dataset.py
index d7a8a4f8e..05744f5f9 100644
--- a/src/torchio/data/dataset.py
+++ b/src/torchio/data/dataset.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import copy
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Callable
 
 from torch.utils.data import Dataset
 
diff --git a/src/torchio/data/image.py b/src/torchio/data/image.py
index cba3850ca..d8f74c320 100644
--- a/src/torchio/data/image.py
+++ b/src/torchio/data/image.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 import warnings
 from collections import Counter
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any
-from typing import Callable
 
 import humanize
 import nibabel as nib
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ def flip_axis(axis: str) -> str:
         labels = 'LRPAISTBDV'
         first = labels[::2]
         last = labels[1::2]
-        flip_dict = dict(zip(first + last, last + first))
+        flip_dict = dict(zip(first + last, last + first, strict=True))
         axis = axis[0].upper()
         flipped_axis = flip_dict.get(axis)
         if flipped_axis is None:
diff --git a/src/torchio/data/inference/aggregator.py b/src/torchio/data/inference/aggregator.py
index c6d5961be..69bf84bbd 100644
--- a/src/torchio/data/inference/aggregator.py
+++ b/src/torchio/data/inference/aggregator.py
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def add_batch(
         self._initialize_output_tensor(batch)
         assert isinstance(self._output_tensor, torch.Tensor)
         if self.overlap_mode == 'crop':
-            for patch, location in zip(batch, locations_array):
+            for patch, location in zip(batch, locations_array, strict=True):
                 cropped_patch, new_location = self._crop_patch(
                     patch,
                     location,
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ def add_batch(
         elif self.overlap_mode == 'average':
             self._initialize_avgmask_tensor(batch)
             assert isinstance(self._avgmask_tensor, torch.Tensor)
-            for patch, location in zip(batch, locations):
+            for patch, location in zip(batch, locations, strict=True):
                 i_ini, j_ini, k_ini, i_fin, j_fin, k_fin = location
                 self._output_tensor[
                     :,
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def add_batch(
             if self._avgmask_tensor.dtype != torch.float32:
                 self._avgmask_tensor = self._avgmask_tensor.float()
 
-            for patch, location in zip(batch, locations):
+            for patch, location in zip(batch, locations, strict=True):
                 i_ini, j_ini, k_ini, i_fin, j_fin, k_fin = location
 
                 patch = patch * self._hann_window
diff --git a/src/torchio/data/loader.py b/src/torchio/data/loader.py
index 60db2866b..7c69af695 100644
--- a/src/torchio/data/loader.py
+++ b/src/torchio/data/loader.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from typing import Any
-from typing import Callable
 from typing import TypeVar
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/torchio/data/sampler/grid.py b/src/torchio/data/sampler/grid.py
index 312a91eb2..41e31b964 100644
--- a/src/torchio/data/sampler/grid.py
+++ b/src/torchio/data/sampler/grid.py
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def _get_patches_locations(
         #  [3, 8],
         #  [5, 10]]
         indices = []
-        zipped = zip(image_size, patch_size, patch_overlap)
+        zipped = zip(image_size, patch_size, patch_overlap, strict=True)
         for im_size_dim, patch_size_dim, patch_overlap_dim in zipped:
             end = im_size_dim + 1 - patch_size_dim
             step = patch_size_dim - patch_overlap_dim
diff --git a/src/torchio/data/sampler/label.py b/src/torchio/data/sampler/label.py
index a5cfd698f..f40452837 100644
--- a/src/torchio/data/sampler/label.py
+++ b/src/torchio/data/sampler/label.py
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def get_probabilities_from_label_map(
         probability_map = torch.zeros_like(label_map)
         label_probs = torch.Tensor(list(label_probabilities_dict.values()))
         normalized_probs = label_probs / label_probs.sum()
-        iterable = zip(label_probabilities_dict, normalized_probs)
+        iterable = zip(label_probabilities_dict, normalized_probs, strict=True)
         for label, label_probability in iterable:
             if multichannel:
                 mask = label_map[label]
diff --git a/src/torchio/data/sampler/sampler.py b/src/torchio/data/sampler/sampler.py
index 16d82da88..8625c0a67 100644
--- a/src/torchio/data/sampler/sampler.py
+++ b/src/torchio/data/sampler/sampler.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def _get_crop_transform(
         crop_ini = index_ini_array.tolist()
         crop_fin = (shape - index_fin).tolist()
         start = ()
-        cropping = sum(zip(crop_ini, crop_fin), start)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        cropping = sum(zip(crop_ini, crop_fin, strict=True), start)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
         return Crop(cropping)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
 
     def __call__(
diff --git a/src/torchio/datasets/ixi.py b/src/torchio/datasets/ixi.py
index a6186da4d..ad67222d3 100644
--- a/src/torchio/datasets/ixi.py
+++ b/src/torchio/datasets/ixi.py
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def _get_subjects_list(root):
             raise FileNotFoundError(message)
 
         subjects = []
-        for image_path, label_path in zip(image_paths, label_paths):
+        for image_path, label_path in zip(image_paths, label_paths, strict=True):
             subject_id = get_subject_id(image_path)
             subject_dict = {}
             subject_dict['image'] = ScalarImage(image_path)
diff --git a/src/torchio/datasets/medmnist.py b/src/torchio/datasets/medmnist.py
index bad491ffd..61fd7ce06 100644
--- a/src/torchio/datasets/medmnist.py
+++ b/src/torchio/datasets/medmnist.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def __init__(self, split, **kwargs):
         images = npz_file[f'{split}_images']
         labels = npz_file[f'{split}_labels']
         subjects = []
-        for image, label in zip(images, labels):
+        for image, label in zip(images, labels, strict=True):
             image = ScalarImage(tensor=image[np.newaxis])
             subject = Subject(image=image, labels=torch.from_numpy(label))
             subjects.append(subject)
diff --git a/src/torchio/datasets/slicer.py b/src/torchio/datasets/slicer.py
index d3c94eb43..7b595f1d5 100644
--- a/src/torchio/datasets/slicer.py
+++ b/src/torchio/datasets/slicer.py
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def __init__(self, name='MRHead'):
         except KeyError as e:
             message = f'Invalid name "{name}". Valid names are: {", ".join(URLS_DICT)}'
             raise ValueError(message) from e
-        for filename, url_file in zip(filenames, url_files):
+        for filename, url_file in zip(filenames, url_files, strict=True):
             filename = filename.replace('-', '_')
             url = urllib.parse.urljoin(SLICER_URL, url_file)
             download_root = get_torchio_cache_dir() / 'slicer'
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_bias_field.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_bias_field.py
index 25c83e928..47e3ce0c2 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_bias_field.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_bias_field.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import torch
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class RandomBiasField(RandomTransform, IntensityTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        coefficients: Union[float, tuple[float, float]] = 0.5,
+        coefficients: float | tuple[float, float] = 0.5,
         order: int = 3,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -89,8 +88,8 @@ class BiasField(IntensityTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        coefficients: Union[list[float], dict[str, list[float]]],
-        order: Union[int, dict[str, int]],
+        coefficients: list[float] | dict[str, list[float]],
+        order: int | dict[str, int],
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_blur.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_blur.py
index 940513460..506e99339 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_blur.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_blur.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
-from typing import Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import scipy.ndimage as ndi
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ class RandomBlur(RandomTransform, IntensityTransform):
             keyword arguments.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, std: Union[float, tuple[float, float]] = (0, 2), **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, std: float | tuple[float, float] = (0, 2), **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
         self.std_ranges = self.parse_params(std, None, 'std', min_constraint=0)
 
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ class Blur(IntensityTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        std: Union[TypeTripletFloat, dict[str, TypeTripletFloat]],
+        std: TypeTripletFloat | dict[str, TypeTripletFloat],
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ def apply_transform(self, subject: Subject) -> Subject:
             stds_channels: np.ndarray
             stds_channels = np.tile(stds, repets)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
             transformed_tensors = []
-            for std, channel in zip(stds_channels, image.data):
+            for std, channel in zip(stds_channels, image.data, strict=True):
                 transformed_tensor = blur(
                     channel,
                     image.spacing,
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_gamma.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_gamma.py
index b62ddb356..c825cb63e 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_gamma.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_gamma.py
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def apply_transform(self, subject: Subject) -> Subject:
             gammas = to_tuple(gamma, length=len(image.data))
             transformed_tensors = []
             image.set_data(image.data.float())
-            for gamma, tensor in zip(gammas, image.data):
+            for gamma, tensor in zip(gammas, image.data, strict=True):
                 if self.invert_transform:
                     correction = power(tensor, 1 - gamma)
                     transformed_tensor = tensor * correction
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_motion.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_motion.py
index 33b12dcee..579b9f7e6 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_motion.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_motion.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import SimpleITK as sitk
@@ -49,8 +48,8 @@ class RandomMotion(RandomTransform, IntensityTransform, FourierTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        degrees: Union[float, tuple[float, float]] = 10,
-        translation: Union[float, tuple[float, float]] = 10,  # in mm
+        degrees: float | tuple[float, float] = 10,
+        translation: float | tuple[float, float] = 10,  # in mm
         num_transforms: int = 2,
         image_interpolation: str = 'linear',
         **kwargs,
@@ -145,10 +144,10 @@ class Motion(IntensityTransform, FourierTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        degrees: Union[TypeTripletFloat, dict[str, TypeTripletFloat]],
-        translation: Union[TypeTripletFloat, dict[str, TypeTripletFloat]],
-        times: Union[Sequence[float], dict[str, Sequence[float]]],
-        image_interpolation: Union[Sequence[str], dict[str, Sequence[str]]],
+        degrees: TypeTripletFloat | dict[str, TypeTripletFloat],
+        translation: TypeTripletFloat | dict[str, TypeTripletFloat],
+        times: Sequence[float] | dict[str, Sequence[float]],
+        image_interpolation: Sequence[str] | dict[str, Sequence[str]],
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
@@ -212,7 +211,8 @@ def get_rigid_transforms(
         center_lps = image.TransformContinuousIndexToPhysicalPoint(center_ijk)
         identity = np.eye(4)
         matrices = [identity]
-        for degrees, translation in zip(degrees_params, translation_params):
+        zipped = zip(degrees_params, translation_params, strict=True)
+        for degrees, translation in zipped:
             radians = np.radians(degrees).tolist()
             motion = sitk.Euler3DTransform()
             motion.SetCenter(center_lps)
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ def add_artifact(
         indices: list[int] = indices_array.tolist()  # type: ignore[assignment]
         indices.append(last_index)
         ini = 0
-        for spectrum, fin in zip(spectra, indices):
+        for spectrum, fin in zip(spectra, indices, strict=True):
             result_spectrum[..., ini:fin] = spectrum[..., ini:fin]
             ini = fin
         result_image = self.inv_fourier_transform(result_spectrum).real.float()
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_noise.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_noise.py
index f14c0d1f5..5047cd952 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_noise.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_noise.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Union
 
 import torch
 
@@ -33,8 +32,8 @@ class RandomNoise(RandomTransform, IntensityTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        mean: Union[float, tuple[float, float]] = 0,
-        std: Union[float, tuple[float, float]] = (0, 0.25),
+        mean: float | tuple[float, float] = 0,
+        std: float | tuple[float, float] = (0, 0.25),
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
@@ -85,9 +84,9 @@ class Noise(IntensityTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        mean: Union[float, dict[str, float]],
-        std: Union[float, dict[str, float]],
-        seed: Union[int, Sequence[int]],
+        mean: float | dict[str, float],
+        std: float | dict[str, float],
+        seed: int | Sequence[int],
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_spike.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_spike.py
index c20e1fcb7..982a0bd78 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_spike.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/intensity/random_spike.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from collections import defaultdict
 from numbers import Number
-from typing import Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import torch
@@ -42,8 +41,8 @@ class RandomSpike(RandomTransform, IntensityTransform, FourierTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        num_spikes: Union[int, tuple[int, int]] = 1,
-        intensity: Union[float, tuple[float, float]] = (1, 3),
+        num_spikes: int | tuple[int, int] = 1,
+        intensity: float | tuple[float, float] = (1, 3),
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
@@ -109,8 +108,8 @@ class Spike(IntensityTransform, FourierTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        spikes_positions: Union[np.ndarray, dict[str, np.ndarray]],
-        intensity: Union[float, dict[str, float]],
+        spikes_positions: np.ndarray | dict[str, np.ndarray],
+        intensity: float | dict[str, float],
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/random_transform.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/random_transform.py
index e6137beb6..0cbfdc246 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/random_transform.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/random_transform.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def _get_random_seed() -> int:
     @staticmethod
     def sample_uniform_sextet(params: TypeSextetFloat) -> TypeTripletFloat:
         results = []
-        for a, b in zip(params[::2], params[1::2]):
+        for a, b in zip(params[::2], params[1::2], strict=True):
             results.append(RandomTransform.sample_uniform(a, b))
         sx, sy, sz = results
         return sx, sy, sz
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_anisotropy.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_anisotropy.py
index e1d2c8e74..324ce3f41 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_anisotropy.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_anisotropy.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import warnings
-from typing import Union
 
 import torch
 
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ class RandomAnisotropy(RandomTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        axes: Union[int, tuple[int, ...]] = (0, 1, 2),
+        axes: int | tuple[int, ...] = (0, 1, 2),
         downsampling: TypeRangeFloat = (1.5, 5),
         image_interpolation: str = 'linear',
         scalars_only: bool = True,
@@ -74,7 +73,7 @@ def get_params(
         return axis, downsampling
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_axes(axes: Union[int, tuple[int, ...]]):
+    def parse_axes(axes: int | tuple[int, ...]):
         axes_tuple = to_tuple(axes)
         for axis in axes_tuple:
             is_int = isinstance(axis, int)
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_elastic_deformation.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_elastic_deformation.py
index 2f221a85e..da2cb2943 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_elastic_deformation.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_elastic_deformation.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import warnings
 from numbers import Number
-from typing import Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import SimpleITK as sitk
@@ -119,8 +118,8 @@ class RandomElasticDeformation(RandomTransform, SpatialTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        num_control_points: Union[int, TypeTripletInt] = 7,
-        max_displacement: Union[float, TypeTripletFloat] = 7.5,
+        num_control_points: int | TypeTripletInt = 7,
+        max_displacement: float | TypeTripletFloat = 7.5,
         locked_borders: int = 2,
         image_interpolation: str = 'linear',
         label_interpolation: str = 'nearest',
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_flip.py b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_flip.py
index dcfa08ad7..eb1546247 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_flip.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/augmentation/spatial/random_flip.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-from typing import Union
-
 import numpy as np
 import torch
 
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@ class RandomFlip(RandomTransform, SpatialTransform):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        axes: Union[int, tuple[int, ...]] = 0,
+        axes: int | tuple[int, ...] = 0,
         flip_probability: float = 0.5,
         **kwargs,
     ):
@@ -101,7 +99,7 @@ def inverse(self):
         return self
 
 
-def _parse_axes(axes: Union[int, tuple[int, ...]]):
+def _parse_axes(axes: int | tuple[int, ...]):
     axes_tuple = to_tuple(axes)
     for axis in axes_tuple:
         is_int = isinstance(axis, int)
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/intensity/histogram_standardization.py b/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/intensity/histogram_standardization.py
index 7741ff434..2749541b8 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/intensity/histogram_standardization.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/intensity/histogram_standardization.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from collections.abc import Iterable
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable
 from typing import Union
 
 import numpy as np
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/spatial/ensure_shape_multiple.py b/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/spatial/ensure_shape_multiple.py
index b850c2f77..df151a31d 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/spatial/ensure_shape_multiple.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/spatial/ensure_shape_multiple.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
 
 import numpy as np
 
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/spatial/pad.py b/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/spatial/pad.py
index 7b9db6d2c..70cf35d65 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/spatial/pad.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/preprocessing/spatial/pad.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import warnings
 from numbers import Number
-from typing import Union
 
 import numpy as np
 import torch
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ class Pad(BoundsTransform):
     def __init__(
         self,
         padding: TypeBounds,
-        padding_mode: Union[str, float] = 0,
+        padding_mode: str | float = 0,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         super().__init__(padding, **kwargs)
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ def check_padding_mode(cls, padding_mode):
             )
             raise KeyError(message)
 
-    def _check_truncation(self, image: Image, mode: Union[str, float]) -> None:
+    def _check_truncation(self, image: Image, mode: str | float) -> None:
         if mode not in ('mean', 'median'):
             return
         if torch.is_floating_point(image.data):
diff --git a/src/torchio/transforms/transform.py b/src/torchio/transforms/transform.py
index 5c271c77e..93b4f8f76 100644
--- a/src/torchio/transforms/transform.py
+++ b/src/torchio/transforms/transform.py
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ def parse_params(self, params, around, name, make_ranges=True, **kwargs):
                     f' 6, not {len(params)}'
                 )
                 raise ValueError(message)
-            for param_range in zip(params[::2], params[1::2]):
+            for param_range in zip(params[::2], params[1::2], strict=True):
                 self._parse_range(param_range, name, **kwargs)
         return tuple(params)
 
diff --git a/src/torchio/types.py b/src/torchio/types.py
index 4d7c5f9b9..4ce503997 100755
--- a/src/torchio/types.py
+++ b/src/torchio/types.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Union
 
diff --git a/src/torchio/utils.py b/src/torchio/utils.py
index 1d40e9a3d..32c4fdfba 100644
--- a/src/torchio/utils.py
+++ b/src/torchio/utils.py
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ def add_images_from_batch(
         from . import ScalarImage
 
         class_ = ScalarImage
-    for subject, data in zip(subjects, tensor):
+    for subject, data in zip(subjects, tensor, strict=True):
         one_image = subject.get_first_image()
         kwargs = {'tensor': data, 'affine': one_image.affine}
         if 'filename' in one_image:
diff --git a/src/torchio/visualization.py b/src/torchio/visualization.py
index edfa356df..f177862a4 100644
--- a/src/torchio/visualization.py
+++ b/src/torchio/visualization.py
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ def plot_subject(
             xlabels=last_row,
             **plot_volume_kwargs,
         )
-        for axis, axis_name in zip(image_axes, axes_names):
+        for axis, axis_name in zip(image_axes, axes_names, strict=True):
             axis.set_title(f'{name} ({axis_name})')
     plt.tight_layout()
     if output_path is not None:
diff --git a/tests/data/inference/test_aggregator.py b/tests/data/inference/test_aggregator.py
index 199879744..5220dd485 100644
--- a/tests/data/inference/test_aggregator.py
+++ b/tests/data/inference/test_aggregator.py
@@ -27,8 +27,10 @@ def aggregate(self, mode, fixture):
             (1, 1): 6,
         }
         for batch in loader:
-            iterable = zip(batch[tio.LOCATION], batch[image_name][tio.DATA])
-            for location, data in iterable:
+            location = batch[tio.LOCATION]
+            data = batch[image_name][tio.DATA]
+            locations_and_channels = zip(location, data, strict=True)
+            for location, data in locations_and_channels:
                 coords_2d = tuple(location[1:3].tolist())
                 data *= values_dict[coords_2d]
             batch_data = batch[image_name][tio.DATA]
diff --git a/tests/transforms/preprocessing/test_crop_pad.py b/tests/transforms/preprocessing/test_crop_pad.py
index cb9cadb36..81cc75b3b 100644
--- a/tests/transforms/preprocessing/test_crop_pad.py
+++ b/tests/transforms/preprocessing/test_crop_pad.py
@@ -128,7 +128,11 @@ def test_center_mask(self):
         mask[0, 4:6, 9:11, 14:16] = 1
         transformed_center = transform_center(self.sample_subject)
         transformed_mask = transform_mask(self.sample_subject)
-        zipped = zip(transformed_center.values(), transformed_mask.values())
+        zipped = zip(
+            transformed_center.values(),
+            transformed_mask.values(),
+            strict=True,
+        )
         for image_center, image_mask in zipped:
             self.assert_tensor_equal(
                 image_center.data,
@@ -149,13 +153,17 @@ def test_mask_corners(self):
             target_shape,
             mask_name='label',
         )
-        mask = self.sample_subject['label'].data
+        mask = self.sample_subject['label'][tio.DATA]
         mask *= 0
         mask[0, 0, 0, 0] = 1
         mask[0, -1, -1, -1] = 1
         transformed_center = transform_center(self.sample_subject)
         transformed_mask = transform_mask(self.sample_subject)
-        zipped = zip(transformed_center.values(), transformed_mask.values())
+        zipped = zip(
+            transformed_center.values(),
+            transformed_mask.values(),
+            strict=True,
+        )
         for image_center, image_mask in zipped:
             self.assert_tensor_equal(
                 image_center.data,
@@ -221,7 +229,7 @@ def test_only_pad_true(self):
         target_shape = 9, 21, 30
         orig_shape = self.sample_subject['t1'].spatial_shape
         expected_shape = tuple(
-            t if t > o else o for o, t in zip(orig_shape, target_shape)
+            t if t > o else o for o, t in zip(orig_shape, target_shape, strict=True)
         )
         transform = tio.CropOrPad(target_shape, only_pad=True)
         transformed = transform(self.sample_subject)
@@ -233,7 +241,7 @@ def test_only_crop_true(self):
         target_shape = 9, 21, 30
         orig_shape = self.sample_subject['t1'].spatial_shape
         expected_shape = tuple(
-            t if t < o else o for o, t in zip(orig_shape, target_shape)
+            t if t < o else o for o, t in zip(orig_shape, target_shape, strict=True)
         )
         transform = tio.CropOrPad(target_shape, only_crop=True)
         transformed = transform(self.sample_subject)
diff --git a/tests/transforms/test_transforms.py b/tests/transforms/test_transforms.py
index 4e078142e..be99c185d 100644
--- a/tests/transforms/test_transforms.py
+++ b/tests/transforms/test_transforms.py
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ def test_batch_history(self):
         inverse = transformed.apply_inverse_transform()
         images1 = subject.get_images(intensity_only=False)
         images2 = inverse.get_images(intensity_only=False)
-        for image1, image2 in zip(images1, images2):
+        for image1, image2 in zip(images1, images2, strict=True):
             assert image1.shape == image2.shape
 
     def test_bad_bounds_mask(self):
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 678407946..54122daa9 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@ commands =
 description = Run code linter
 skip_install = True
 deps = ruff
-commands = ruff check
+commands = ruff check src/ tests/ docs/
 
 [testenv:format]
 description = Run code formatter
 skip_install = True
 deps = ruff
-commands = ruff format --diff
+commands = ruff format --diff src/ tests/ docs/
 
 [testenv:types]
 dependency_groups =