7.2 Dataframe in Pandas.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "![title](img/cover4.png)"
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "<center><em>Copyright! This material is protected, please do not copy or distribute.    by:Taher Assaf</em></center>"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***\n",
    "<h1 align=\"center\">Udemy course : Python Bootcamp for Data Science 2021 Numpy Pandas & Seaborn</h1> \n",
    "\n",
    "***"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 7.2 Dataframe in Pandas"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Firt we import pandas:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Lets create this dictionary:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'name': ['bob', 'jake', 'sam', 'jone', 'sally', 'william'],\n",
       " 'age': [23, 34, 41, 29, 19, 34],\n",
       " 'income': [72, 65, 49, 39, 81, 55]}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dict = {'name': ['bob', 'jake', 'sam', 'jone', 'sally','william'],\n",
    "        'age': [23,34,41,29,19, 34], 'income': [72,65,49,39,81,55]}\n",
    "dict"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can convert a dictionary into a pandas dataframe using the pandas function **pd.DataFrame()**:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
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   "outputs": [
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       "<div>\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "      <th>income</th>\n",
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       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>jake</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>sam</td>\n",
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       "      <td>49</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>jone</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>sally</td>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>william</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "      name  age  income\n",
       "0      bob   23      72\n",
       "1     jake   34      65\n",
       "2      sam   41      49\n",
       "3     jone   29      39\n",
       "4    sally   19      81\n",
       "5  william   34      55"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 3,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1= pd.DataFrame(dict)\n",
    "dt1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can set the index to be any coloumn in the dataframe using the function **pd.set_index()**:"
   ]
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
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       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "      <th>income</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>bob</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>72</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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       "      <th>william</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income\n",
       "name                \n",
       "bob       23      72\n",
       "jake      34      65\n",
       "sam       41      49\n",
       "jone      29      39\n",
       "sally     19      81\n",
       "william   34      55"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   "source": [
    "dt1.set_index('name', inplace = True)\n",
    "dt1"
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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To display the first five rows we use the function **head()**:"
   ]
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
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       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "      <th>income</th>\n",
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       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
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       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
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       "       age  income\n",
       "name              \n",
       "bob     23      72\n",
       "jake    34      65\n",
       "sam     41      49\n",
       "jone    29      39\n",
       "sally   19      81"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To display the last five rows we use the function **tail()**:"
   ]
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  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
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       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
       "      <th>income</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>william</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income\n",
       "name                \n",
       "jake      34      65\n",
       "sam       41      49\n",
       "jone      29      39\n",
       "sally     19      81\n",
       "william   34      55"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1.tail()"
   ]
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  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can aslo display any number of rows like this:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
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       "      <td>72</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>65</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>39</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>81</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>william</th>\n",
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       "      <td>55</td>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income\n",
       "name                \n",
       "bob       23      72\n",
       "jake      34      65\n",
       "sam       41      49\n",
       "jone      29      39\n",
       "sally     19      81\n",
       "william   34      55"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1.head(6)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To display a certain column, we use this:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "name\n",
       "bob        23\n",
       "jake       34\n",
       "sam        41\n",
       "jone       29\n",
       "sally      19\n",
       "william    34\n",
       "Name: age, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1.age"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The previous code can also be written like this:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "name\n",
       "bob        23\n",
       "jake       34\n",
       "sam        41\n",
       "jone       29\n",
       "sally      19\n",
       "william    34\n",
       "Name: age, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 9,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1['age']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To display a certain row, we use the function **loc[ ]**:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "age       34\n",
       "income    65\n",
       "Name: jake, dtype: int64"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1.loc['jake']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can change the values of a certain column by assigning a new value:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
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       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
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       "      <td>100</td>\n",
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       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
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       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
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       "      <th>william</th>\n",
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      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income\n",
       "name                \n",
       "bob       23     100\n",
       "jake      34     100\n",
       "sam       41     100\n",
       "jone      29     100\n",
       "sally     19     100\n",
       "william   34     100"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1['income']= 100\n",
    "dt1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To change a certain single value, we include the label of the column and the label of the index:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>bob</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>william</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>100</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income\n",
       "name                \n",
       "bob       23     100\n",
       "jake      34      50\n",
       "sam       41     100\n",
       "jone      29     100\n",
       "sally     19     100\n",
       "william   34     100"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1['income']['jake'] =  50\n",
    "dt1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The whole column can be replaced with a series, but in that case, index must be specified:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
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       "  <thead>\n",
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       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
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       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>william</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income\n",
       "name                \n",
       "bob       23      59\n",
       "jake      34      38\n",
       "sam       41      79\n",
       "jone      29      23\n",
       "sally     19      66\n",
       "william   34      44"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1['income'] = pd.Series([44,38,79,23,66,59],\n",
    "                          index =['william', 'jake', 'sam', 'jone', 'sally','bob'] )\n",
    "dt1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "If we use a column name that does not exist in the dataframe, pandas will add it as a new column:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "<style scoped>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
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       "      <th>heights</th>\n",
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       "      <td>59</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.6</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>7.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>6.1</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>william</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.8</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income  heights\n",
       "name                         \n",
       "bob       23      59      5.6\n",
       "jake      34      38      7.1\n",
       "sam       41      79      6.8\n",
       "jone      29      23      5.9\n",
       "sally     19      66      6.1\n",
       "william   34      44      5.8"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "height = [5.6, 7.1, 6.8, 5.9, 6.1, 5.8 ]\n",
    "dt1['heights'] = height\n",
    "dt1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can delete a column using the **del** keyword:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>bob</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
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       "    </tr>\n",
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       "      <th>william</th>\n",
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      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income\n",
       "name                \n",
       "bob       23      59\n",
       "jake      34      38\n",
       "sam       41      79\n",
       "jone      29      23\n",
       "sally     19      66\n",
       "william   34      44"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "del dt1['heights']\n",
    "dt1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "We can transpose (flipping rows and columns) using the attribute **.T**:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "    }\n",
       "\n",
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       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th>bob</th>\n",
       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
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       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
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       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>income</th>\n",
       "      <td>59</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "name    bob  jake  sam  jone  sally  william\n",
       "age      23    34   41    29     19       34\n",
       "income   59    38   79    23     66       44"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1.T"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The changes we make is not reflected in the original dataframe:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "  <thead>\n",
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       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>age</th>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>name</th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>bob</th>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>59</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jake</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sam</th>\n",
       "      <td>41</td>\n",
       "      <td>79</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>jone</th>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>sally</th>\n",
       "      <td>19</td>\n",
       "      <td>66</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>william</th>\n",
       "      <td>34</td>\n",
       "      <td>44</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         age  income\n",
       "name                \n",
       "bob       23      59\n",
       "jake      34      38\n",
       "sam       41      79\n",
       "jone      29      23\n",
       "sally     19      66\n",
       "william   34      44"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To get the lebels of the columns, we use the attribute **.columns**: "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['age', 'income'], dtype='object')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1.columns"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To get the lebels of the columns, we use the attribute **.index**: "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {
    "hide_input": false
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "Index(['bob', 'jake', 'sam', 'jone', 'sally', 'william'], dtype='object', name='name')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "dt1.index"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "***\n",
    "\n",
    "<h1 align=\"center\">Thank You</h1> \n",
    "\n",
    "***"
   ]
  }
 ],
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