Science Museum requests can be flaky, add backoff to all requests

[AetherUnbound]

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https://airflow.openverse.org/dags/science_museum_workflow/grid?dag_run_id=manual__2024-08-01T21%3A25%3A59%2B00%3A00&task_id=ingest_data.pull_image_data&map_index=-1&tab=logs

Description

We're seeing 3 kinds of failures, all occurring intermittently and interchangeably, with Science Museum DAG requests:

• 504 Server Error: Gateway Time-out for url
• 502 Server Error: Bad Gateway for url
• 503 Server Error: Service Unavailable for url

We should add backoff on all requests for these HTTP error types, almost exactly mirroring what we're doing in #4663 with Freesound.

Reproduction

Since this is an upstream issue, it's very hard to reproduce consistently.

DAG status

We're currently skipping on ingestion errors with an attachment to #4013, so we'll leave this open.