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Python project template

A simple template of Python projects, with a rigid file structure, and predisposition for unit testing and release on PyPi.

Relevant features

  • All your project code into a single main package (my_project/)
  • All your project tests into a single test package (test/)
  • Unit testing support via unittest
  • Automatic testing on all branches via GitHub Actions
  • Semi-automatic versioning via Git
  • Packaging support via setuptools
  • Automatic release on PyPi via GitHub Actions and semantic-release
  • Automatic dependencies updates via Renovate

Project structure

Overview:

<root directory>
├── my_project/             # main package (should be named after your project)
│   ├── __init__.py         # python package marker
│   └── __main__.py         # application entry point
├── tests/                  # test package (should contain unit tests)
├── .github/                # configuration of GitHub CI
│   └── workflows/          # configuration of GitHub Workflows
│       ├── check.yml       # runs tests on multiple OS and versions of Python
│       └── deploy.yml      # if check succeeds, and the current branch is one of {main, master}, triggers automatic releas on PyPi
├── LICENSE                 # license file (Apache 2.0 by default)
├── pyproject.toml          # project configuration file as prescribed by Poetry
├── renovate.json           # configuration of Renovate bot, for automatic dependency updates
├── requirements.txt        # only declares a dependency on Poetry. DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
└── release.config.js       # script to release on PyPi, and GitHub via semantic-release

TODO-list for template usage

  1. Use this template to create a new GitHub repository, say my_project

    • this name will also be used to identify the package on PyPi
      • so, we suggest choosing a name which has not been used on PyPi, yet
      • we also suggest choosing a name which is a valid Python package name (i.e. using_snake_case)

  2. Clone the my_project repository

  3. Open a shell into your local my_project directory and run

    ./rename-template.sh my_project

    This will coherently rename the template's project name with the one chosen by you (i.e. my_project, in this example)

  4. Commit & push

  5. Ensure you like the Apache 2.0 License. If you don't, change the content of the LICENSE file

  6. Ensure the versions-range of Python reported in pyproject.toml fits the versions you want to support

    • currently defaults to >= 3.9
    • if you change this, please also change the versions of Python tests should be run on in CI, by looking the file .github/workflows/check.yml

  7. Check the Python version and OS tests should be run on in CI, by looking the file .github/workflows/check.yml

  8. Add your runtime, development, and build dependencies to pyproject.toml

  9. Check the other metadata in pyproject.toml

  10. Change the assignee for pull-requests for automatic dependency updates by editing renovate.json

    • currently defaults to @gciatto

  11. Add your PyPi credentials as secrets of the GitHub repository

    • PYPI_USERNAME (resp. PYPI_PASSWORD) for your username (resp. password)
    • this may require you to register on PyPi first

  12. Generate a GitHub token and add it as a secret of the GitHub repository, named RELEASE_TOKEN

  13. Put your main (resp. test) code in my_project/ (resp. test/)

How to do stuff

Restore dev dependencies

  1. Install Poetry if you don't have it yet

    pip install -r requirements.txt

  2. Install the project's dependencies

    poetry install

Run unit tests

poetry run poe test

Tests are automatically run in CI, on all pushes on all branches. There, tests are executed on multiple OS (Win, Mac, Ubuntu) and on multiple Python versions.

Run your code as an application

This will execute the __main__.py file in the my_project package:

python -m my_project

or alternatively:

my_project

the latter is possible because of the script defined in the pyproject.toml file.

Release a new version on PyPi

New versions are automatically released on PyPi via GitHub Actions, when a push is made on the main or master branch.

The version number is updated automatically by the semantic-release tool, which uses the commit messages to infer the type of the release (major, minor, patch).

It is paramount that the commit messages follow the Conventional Commits specification, in order for semantic-release to compute version numbers correctly.