diff --git a/doc/users/next_whats_new/text_antialias_artist.rst b/doc/users/next_whats_new/text_antialias_artist.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b2e15f8e57e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/users/next_whats_new/text_antialias_artist.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Per-artist text antialiasing control
+------------------------------------
+
+`.Text` instances now expose :meth:`~matplotlib.text.Text.set_antialiased`
+and :meth:`~matplotlib.text.Text.get_antialiased`, allowing text artists to
+override the global :rc:`text.antialiased` setting on a per-artist basis. The
+new preference is propagated through `GraphicsContextBase` so backends such as
+Agg and Cairo honor the per-text value.
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.py b/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.py
index 6520b1d83ee3..f96c3e64eda7 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.py
@@ -763,6 +763,7 @@ def __init__(self):
         self._alpha = 1.0
         self._forced_alpha = False  # if True, _alpha overrides A from RGBA
         self._antialiased = 1  # use 0, 1 not True, False for extension code
+        self._text_antialiased = None
         self._capstyle = CapStyle('butt')
         self._cliprect = None
         self._clippath = None
@@ -784,6 +785,7 @@ def copy_properties(self, gc):
         self._alpha = gc._alpha
         self._forced_alpha = gc._forced_alpha
         self._antialiased = gc._antialiased
+        self._text_antialiased = gc._text_antialiased
         self._capstyle = gc._capstyle
         self._cliprect = gc._cliprect
         self._clippath = gc._clippath
@@ -817,6 +819,10 @@ def get_antialiased(self):
         """Return whether the object should try to do antialiased rendering."""
         return self._antialiased
 
+    def get_text_antialiased(self):
+        """Return whether text should be rendered with antialiasing."""
+        return self._text_antialiased
+
     def get_capstyle(self):
         """Return the `.CapStyle`."""
         return self._capstyle.name
@@ -912,6 +918,10 @@ def set_antialiased(self, b):
         # Use ints to make life easier on extension code trying to read the gc.
         self._antialiased = int(bool(b))
 
+    def set_text_antialiased(self, b):
+        """Set whether text should be drawn with antialiased rendering."""
+        self._text_antialiased = None if b is None else int(bool(b))
+
     @_docstring.interpd
     def set_capstyle(self, cs):
         """
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyi b/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyi
index c544aedaa895..53a0cd70ff04 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyi
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backend_bases.pyi
@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ class GraphicsContextBase:
     def restore(self) -> None: ...
     def get_alpha(self) -> float: ...
     def get_antialiased(self) -> int: ...
+    def get_text_antialiased(self) -> int | None: ...
     def get_capstyle(self) -> Literal["butt", "projecting", "round"]: ...
     def get_clip_rectangle(self) -> Bbox | None: ...
     def get_clip_path(
@@ -158,6 +159,7 @@ class GraphicsContextBase:
     def get_snap(self) -> bool | None: ...
     def set_alpha(self, alpha: float) -> None: ...
     def set_antialiased(self, b: bool) -> None: ...
+    def set_text_antialiased(self, b: bool | None) -> None: ...
     def set_capstyle(self, cs: CapStyleType) -> None: ...
     def set_clip_rectangle(self, rectangle: Bbox | None) -> None: ...
     def set_clip_path(self, path: TransformedPath | None) -> None: ...
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py
index 7d038a998f16..10c45705ab78 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py
@@ -205,8 +205,13 @@ def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
         # We pass '0' for angle here, since it will be rotated (in raster
         # space) in the following call to draw_text_image).
         font.set_text(s, 0, flags=get_hinting_flag())
-        font.draw_glyphs_to_bitmap(
-            antialiased=mpl.rcParams['text.antialiased'])
+        aa_gc = gc.get_text_antialiased()
+        text_aa = mtext.get_antialiased() if mtext is not None else None
+        antialiased = (
+            aa_gc if aa_gc is not None
+            else text_aa if text_aa is not None
+            else mpl.rcParams['text.antialiased'])
+        font.draw_glyphs_to_bitmap(antialiased=antialiased)
         d = font.get_descent() / 64.0
         # The descent needs to be adjusted for the angle.
         xo, yo = font.get_bitmap_offset()
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_cairo.py b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_cairo.py
index 9ccadcdf1c10..6fb5d53ee7fe 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_cairo.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/backends/backend_cairo.py
@@ -204,9 +204,16 @@ def draw_text(self, gc, x, y, s, prop, angle, ismath=False, mtext=None):
             ctx.select_font_face(*_cairo_font_args_from_font_prop(prop))
             ctx.set_font_size(self.points_to_pixels(prop.get_size_in_points()))
             opts = cairo.FontOptions()
+            gc_aa = gc.get_text_antialiased()
+            if gc_aa is not None:
+                aa = bool(gc_aa)
+            else:
+                text_aa = (mtext.get_antialiased()
+                           if mtext is not None else None)
+                aa = (text_aa if text_aa is not None
+                      else mpl.rcParams['text.antialiased'])
             opts.set_antialias(
-                cairo.ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT if mpl.rcParams["text.antialiased"]
-                else cairo.ANTIALIAS_NONE)
+                cairo.ANTIALIAS_DEFAULT if aa else cairo.ANTIALIAS_NONE)
             ctx.set_font_options(opts)
             if angle:
                 ctx.rotate(np.deg2rad(-angle))
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_text.py b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_text.py
index f86b9f111b24..62b3700bb194 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_text.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/tests/test_text.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 from matplotlib.testing.decorators import check_figures_equal, image_comparison
 from matplotlib.testing._markers import needs_usetex
 from matplotlib.text import Text
+from matplotlib.backends.backend_agg import RendererAgg
 
 
 @image_comparison(['font_styles'])
@@ -197,6 +198,74 @@ def test_antialiasing():
     # rendered.
 
 
+def _draw_with_renderer(renderer, text_obj, *, x=0, y=0):
+    gc = renderer.new_gc()
+    try:
+        renderer.draw_text(
+            gc,
+            x,
+            y,
+            text_obj.get_text(),
+            text_obj.get_fontproperties(),
+            0,
+            mtext=text_obj,
+        )
+    finally:
+        gc.restore()
+
+
+def test_text_antialias_override_rendereragg():
+    def render_with(text_config, rc_value):
+        renderer = RendererAgg(200, 200, 72)
+        text_obj = Text(50, 100, "override", fontsize=48)
+        text_config(text_obj)
+        with mpl.rc_context({'text.antialiased': rc_value}):
+            _draw_with_renderer(renderer, text_obj, x=50, y=100)
+        alpha = np.unique(np.asarray(renderer.buffer_rgba())[..., 3])
+        return [int(v) for v in alpha]
+
+    aa_false = render_with(lambda text: text.set_antialiased(False), True)
+    assert aa_false == [0, 255]
+
+    aa_true = render_with(lambda text: text.set_antialiased(True), False)
+    assert len(aa_true) > 2
+
+
+def test_text_antialias_none_falls_back():
+    def render_with(text_config):
+        renderer = RendererAgg(200, 200, 72)
+        text_obj = Text(50, 100, "fallback", fontsize=48)
+        text_config(text_obj)
+        with mpl.rc_context({'text.antialiased': False}):
+            _draw_with_renderer(renderer, text_obj, x=50, y=100)
+        alpha = np.unique(np.asarray(renderer.buffer_rgba())[..., 3])
+        return [int(v) for v in alpha]
+
+    fallback_false = render_with(lambda text: text.set_antialiased(False))
+
+    def configure_none(text):
+        text.set_antialiased(True)
+        text.set_antialiased(None)
+
+    fallback_none = render_with(configure_none)
+    assert fallback_none == fallback_false
+
+
+def test_rendereragg_text_antialias_respects_gc():
+    renderer = RendererAgg(200, 200, 72)
+    gc = renderer.new_gc()
+    try:
+        gc.set_text_antialiased(False)
+        font_props = FontProperties(size=48)
+        with mpl.rc_context({'text.antialiased': True}):
+            renderer.draw_text(gc, 50, 100, "gc", font_props, 0, mtext=None)
+    finally:
+        gc.restore()
+
+    alpha = np.unique(np.asarray(renderer.buffer_rgba())[..., 3])
+    assert alpha.tolist() == [0, 255]
+
+
 def test_afm_kerning():
     fn = mpl.font_manager.findfont("Helvetica", fontext="afm")
     with open(fn, 'rb') as fh:
@@ -824,7 +893,7 @@ def test_parse_math():
     fig.canvas.draw()
 
     ax.text(0, 0, r"$ \wrong{math} $", parse_math=True)
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Unknown symbol'):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'(Unknown symbol|Expected token)'):
         fig.canvas.draw()
 
 
@@ -832,7 +901,7 @@ def test_parse_math_rcparams():
     # Default is True
     fig, ax = plt.subplots()
     ax.text(0, 0, r"$ \wrong{math} $")
-    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Unknown symbol'):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'(Unknown symbol|Expected token)'):
         fig.canvas.draw()
 
     # Setting rcParams to False
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/text.py b/lib/matplotlib/text.py
index 4591316cf961..a5261b7eb39d 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/text.py
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/text.py
@@ -93,7 +93,12 @@ def _get_text_metrics_with_cache_impl(
     "fontweight": ["weight"],
 })
 class Text(Artist):
-    """Handle storing and drawing of text in window or data coordinates."""
+    """
+    Handle storing and drawing of text in window or data coordinates.
+
+    The ``antialiased`` property controls per-artist text antialiasing via
+    :meth:`set_antialiased`.
+    """
 
     zorder = 3
     _charsize_cache = dict()
@@ -183,6 +188,7 @@ def _reset_visual_defaults(
         self._transform_rotates_text = transform_rotates_text
         self._bbox_patch = None  # a FancyBboxPatch instance
         self._renderer = None
+        self._text_antialiased = None
         if linespacing is None:
             linespacing = 1.2  # Maybe use rcParam later.
         self.set_linespacing(linespacing)
@@ -322,6 +328,7 @@ def update_from(self, other):
         self._transform_rotates_text = other._transform_rotates_text
         self._picker = other._picker
         self._linespacing = other._linespacing
+        self._text_antialiased = other._text_antialiased
         self.stale = True
 
     def _get_layout(self, renderer):
@@ -739,6 +746,12 @@ def draw(self, renderer):
             gc.set_url(self._url)
             self._set_gc_clip(gc)
 
+            text_aa = self.get_antialiased()
+            resolved_text_aa = (
+                text_aa if text_aa is not None
+                else mpl.rcParams['text.antialiased'])
+            gc.set_text_antialiased(resolved_text_aa)
+
             angle = self.get_rotation()
 
             for line, wh, x, y in info:
@@ -770,6 +783,22 @@ def draw(self, renderer):
         renderer.close_group('text')
         self.stale = False
 
+    def set_antialiased(self, aa):
+        """Set whether the text should use antialiased rendering.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        aa : bool or None
+            If ``None``, defer to :rc:`text.antialiased`.
+        """
+        _api.check_isinstance((bool, type(None)), antialiased=aa)
+        self._text_antialiased = None if aa is None else bool(aa)
+        self.stale = True
+
+    def get_antialiased(self):
+        """Return the per-artist antialiasing setting."""
+        return self._text_antialiased
+
     def get_color(self):
         """Return the color of the text."""
         return self._color
diff --git a/lib/matplotlib/text.pyi b/lib/matplotlib/text.pyi
index bb2f52992008..3a83d7c10116 100644
--- a/lib/matplotlib/text.pyi
+++ b/lib/matplotlib/text.pyi
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ class Text(Artist):
     def get_wrap(self) -> bool: ...
     def set_wrap(self, wrap: bool) -> None: ...
     def get_color(self) -> ColorType: ...
+    def get_antialiased(self) -> bool | None: ...
     def get_fontproperties(self) -> FontProperties: ...
     def get_fontfamily(self) -> list[str]: ...
     def get_fontname(self) -> str: ...
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ class Text(Artist):
     ) -> Bbox: ...
     def set_backgroundcolor(self, color: ColorType) -> None: ...
     def set_color(self, color: ColorType) -> None: ...
+    def set_antialiased(self, aa: bool | None) -> None: ...
     def set_horizontalalignment(
         self, align: Literal["left", "center", "right"]
     ) -> None: ...