diff --git a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
index d85d796171d..c9f90accab0 100644
--- a/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
+++ b/sphinx/ext/autodoc/__init__.py
@@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ def get_module_members(self) -> Dict[str, ObjectMember]:
     def get_object_members(self, want_all: bool) -> Tuple[bool, ObjectMembers]:
         members = self.get_module_members()
         if want_all:
-            if not self.__all__:
+            if self.__all__ is None:
                 # for implicit module members, check __module__ to avoid
                 # documenting imported objects
                 return True, list(members.values())
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/empty_all.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/empty_all.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2baefa8bbc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/empty_all.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+"""Module with explicit empty __all__ for autodoc tests."""
+
+__all__ = []
+
+
+def foo() -> None:
+    """Foo function for autodoc."""
+
+
+def bar() -> None:
+    """Bar function for autodoc."""
+
+
+def baz() -> None:
+    """Baz function for autodoc."""
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
index 39897eb7da1..c2d505876ac 100644
--- a/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
@@ -658,6 +658,35 @@ def test_autodoc_imported_members(app):
     assert '.. py:function:: save_traceback(app: Sphinx) -> str' in actual
 
 
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_module_with_explicit_empty_all(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.empty_all', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'function::' in l, actual)) == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_module_explicit_members_with_empty_all(app):
+    options = {"members": "foo,baz"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.empty_all', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'function::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:function:: baz() -> None',
+        '.. py:function:: foo() -> None',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_module_ignore_empty_all(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "ignore-module-all": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.empty_all', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'function::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:function:: bar() -> None',
+        '.. py:function:: baz() -> None',
+        '.. py:function:: foo() -> None',
+    ]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
 def test_autodoc_special_members(app):
     # specific special methods