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README.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>README</title>
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<body>
<h2>IO流是干什么的？</h2>
<p>IO流指的是输入输出流，用来处理设备上的数据。这里的设备指硬盘，内存，键盘录入，网络传输等。</p>
<h2>IO流的分类？</h2>
<p>按处理数据类型来分：字节流和字符流<br />
按流的方向来分：输入流和输入流。</p>
<p>流的输入和输出是针对与当前应用来说的，如果读取其他应用或文件的数据到当前应用，则使用输入流读取；如果从当前应用<strong>输出数据</strong>，并写入到其他应用和文件，则使用输出流执行写入。</p>
<p>总之，当前应用需要读数据的时候，使用输入流；当前应用需要写数据的时候，使用输出流。简单来讲，<strong>读入写出</strong>，要读的话就用输入流，要写的话，就用输出流。</p>
<p><img src="io.bmp" alt="输入流与输出流" /></p>
<h2>什么时候使用字节流？什么时候使用字符流？</h2>
<p>首先需要知道的是，任何数据存在硬盘上时，都是以二进制的形式存储的。而通过使用字节流，可以读取任意文件。字节流一次读取一个字节，而字符流使用了字节流读到一个或者多个字节时，去查找指定的编码表，返回对应的编码。所以字符流只能处理纯文本字符数据，而字节流可以处理更多类型的数据，比如图片，视频，音频文件等。因此，只要是纯文本数据处理，优先考虑使用字符流。其他情况就使用字节流。</p>
<h2>IO流类的关系</h2>
<p><img src="IO.jpg" alt="IO流基础图" /></p>
<h2>IO 包中的常见对象</h2>
<p><strong>1）字节流：</strong> </p>
<ul>
<li>字节输入流 </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>FileInputStream(String name)</strong><br />
Creates a FileInputStream by opening a connection to an actual file, the file named by the path name name in the file system.<br />
<strong>FileInputStream(File file)</strong><br />
Creates a FileInputStream by opening a connection to an actual file, the file named by the File object file in the file system.<br />
<strong>BufferedInputStream(InputStream in)</strong><br />
Creates a BufferedInputStream and saves its argument, the input stream in, for later use.<br />
<strong>BufferedInputStream(InputStream in, int size)</strong><br />
Creates a BufferedInputStream with the specified buffer size, and saves its argument, the input stream in, for later use.
</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>字节输出流 </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>FileOutputStream(File file)</strong><br />
Creates a file output stream to write to the file represented by the specified File object.<br />
<strong>FileOutputStream(String name)</strong><br />
Creates a file output stream to write to the file with the specified name.<br />
<strong>BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream out)</strong><br />
Creates a new buffered output stream to write data to the specified underlying output stream.<br />
<strong>BufferedOutputStream(OutputStream out, int size)</strong><br />
Creates a new buffered output stream to write data to the specified underlying output stream with the specified buffer size.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>2）字符流:</strong> </p>
<ul>
<li>字符输入流 </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>FileReader(File file)</strong><br />
Creates a new FileReader, given the File to read from.<br />
<strong>FileReader(String fileName)</strong><br />
Creates a new FileReader, given the name of the file to read from.<br />
<strong>BufferedReader(Reader in)</strong><br />
Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses a default-sized input buffer.<br />
<strong>BufferedReader(Reader in, int sz)</strong><br />
Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses an input buffer of the specified size.
</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>字符输出流 </li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>BufferedReader(Reader in)</strong><br />
Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses a default-sized input buffer.<br />
<strong>BufferedReader(Reader in, int sz)</strong><br />
Creates a buffering character-input stream that uses an input buffer of the specified size.<br />
<strong>BufferedWriter(Writer out)</strong><br />
Creates a buffered character-output stream that uses a default-sized output buffer.<br />
<strong>BufferedWriter(Writer out, int sz)</strong><br />
Creates a new buffered character-output stream that uses an output buffer of the given size.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>3）转换流:</strong> </p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>InputStreamReader(InputStream in)</strong><br />
Creates an InputStreamReader that uses the default charset.<br />
<strong>InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName)</strong><br />
Creates an InputStreamReader that uses the named charset.
<strong>OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out)</strong><br />
Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the default character encoding.<br />
<strong>OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charsetName)</strong><br />
Creates an OutputStreamWriter that uses the named charset.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>4）文件对象:</strong> </p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>File(File parent, String child)</strong><br />
Creates a new File instance from a parent abstract pathname and a child pathname string.<br />
<strong>File(String pathname)</strong><br />
Creates a new File instance by converting the given pathname string into an abstract pathname.<br />
<strong>File(String parent, String child)</strong><br />
Creates a new File instance from a parent pathname string and a child pathname string.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>5）打印流：</strong> </p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>PrintWriter(File file)</strong><br />
Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file.<br />
<strong>PrintWriter(OutputStream out)</strong><br />
Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, from an existing OutputStream.<br />
<strong>PrintStream(OutputStream out)</strong><br />
Creates a new print stream.<br />
<strong>PrintStream(File file)</strong><br />
Creates a new print stream, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file.
</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>字节流</h2>
<h2>字符流</h2>
<h2>转换流</h2>
<p>InputStreamReader:字节到字符的桥梁（将读取的字节流转换为字符流）；<br />
OutputStreamWriter:字符到字节的桥梁（将输入的字符流抓换为字节流）；</p>
<p><strong>构造函数</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>InputStreamReader(InputStream in)</strong><br />
使用默认的编码表GBK创建一个InputStreamReader</p>
<p><strong>InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName)</strong><br />
指定编码表创建一个InputStreamReader</p>
<p><strong>OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out)</strong><br />
使用默认的编码表GBK创建一个OutputStreamWriter</p>
<p><strong>OutputStreamWriter(OutputStream out, String charsetName)</strong><br />
指定编码表创建一个OutputStreamWriter</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code>public class OutputStreamWriterDemo {
public static void main(String[] args){
File file = new File("D:\\Test.java");
try {
// 写字符换转成字节流（使用GBK编码进行写）
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream,"GBk");
writer.write("我是中国人");
writer.close();
// 读取字节转换成字符（使用GBK编码进行读）
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream,"GBk");
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
char[] cbuf = new char[64];
int count = 0;
while((count = reader.read(cbuf))!=-1){
buffer.append(cbuf,0,count);
System.out.println(buffer);
}
reader.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
}
}
}
</code></pre>
<h2>参考：</h2>
<p><a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-chinesecoding/">深入分析 Java 中的中文编码问题</a><br />
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/thinksasa/archive/2012/10/26/2741091.html">IO流</a></p>
</body>
</html>
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