diff --git a/scripts/collect_cpp_coverage.sh b/scripts/collect_cpp_coverage.sh
index 7c56f5f2f..4f4c8a5d1 100644
--- a/scripts/collect_cpp_coverage.sh
+++ b/scripts/collect_cpp_coverage.sh
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ lcov --remove ${COVERAGE_DIR}/coverage.info \
      'build/*' \
      'tests/*' \
      '*/expected.hpp' \
+     '*_test.cpp' \
      --ignore-errors inconsistent,inconsistent \
      --output-file ${COVERAGE_DIR}/coverage.info
 lcov --list ${COVERAGE_DIR}/coverage.info \
diff --git a/tests/test_hgraph.cpp b/tests/test_hgraph.cpp
index b2e72cee2..e3aea77f6 100644
--- a/tests/test_hgraph.cpp
+++ b/tests/test_hgraph.cpp
@@ -364,25 +364,37 @@ TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE(fixtures::HgraphTestIndex, "HGraph Serialize File",
     auto origin_size = vsag::Options::Instance().block_size_limit();
     auto size = GENERATE(1024 * 1024 * 2);
     auto metric_type = GENERATE("l2", "ip", "cosine");
-    std::string base_quantization_str = GENERATE("sq8", "fp32");
     const std::string name = "hgraph";
     auto search_param = fmt::format(search_param_tmp, 200);
 
     for (auto& dim : dims) {
-        vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(size);
-        auto param = GenerateHGraphBuildParametersString(metric_type, dim, base_quantization_str);
-        auto index = TestFactory(name, param, true);
+        for (auto& [base_quantization_str, recall] : test_cases) {
+            vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(size);
+            auto param =
+                GenerateHGraphBuildParametersString(metric_type, dim, base_quantization_str);
+            auto index = TestFactory(name, param, true);
 
-        if (index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_BUILD)) {
-            auto dataset = pool.GetDatasetAndCreate(dim, base_count, metric_type);
-            TestBuildIndex(index, dataset, true);
-            if (index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_SERIALIZE_FILE) and
-                index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_DESERIALIZE_FILE)) {
-                auto index2 = TestFactory(name, param, true);
-                TestSerializeFile(index, index2, dataset, search_param, true);
+            if (index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_BUILD)) {
+                auto dataset = pool.GetDatasetAndCreate(dim, base_count, metric_type);
+                TestBuildIndex(index, dataset, true);
+                if (index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_SERIALIZE_FILE) and
+                    index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_DESERIALIZE_FILE)) {
+                    auto index2 = TestFactory(name, param, true);
+                    TestSerializeFile(index, index2, dataset, search_param, true);
+                }
+                if (index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_SERIALIZE_BINARY_SET) and
+                    index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_DESERIALIZE_BINARY_SET)) {
+                    auto index2 = TestFactory(name, param, true);
+                    TestSerializeBinarySet(index, index2, dataset, search_param, true);
+                }
+                if (index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_SERIALIZE_FILE) and
+                    index->CheckFeature(vsag::SUPPORT_DESERIALIZE_READER_SET)) {
+                    auto index2 = TestFactory(name, param, true);
+                    TestSerializeReaderSet(index, index2, dataset, search_param, name, true);
+                }
             }
+            vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(origin_size);
         }
-        vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(origin_size);
     }
 }
 
@@ -393,20 +405,21 @@ TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE(fixtures::HgraphTestIndex,
     auto origin_size = vsag::Options::Instance().block_size_limit();
     auto size = GENERATE(1024 * 1024 * 2);
     auto metric_type = GENERATE("l2", "ip", "cosine");
-    std::string base_quantization_str = GENERATE("sq8", "fp32");
     const std::string name = "hgraph";
     for (auto& dim : dims) {
-        vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(size);
-        auto param =
-            GenerateHGraphBuildParametersString(metric_type, dim, base_quantization_str, 1);
-        auto index = vsag::Factory::CreateIndex(name, param, allocator.get());
-        if (not index.has_value()) {
-            continue;
+        for (auto& [base_quantization_str, recall] : test_cases) {
+            vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(size);
+            auto param =
+                GenerateHGraphBuildParametersString(metric_type, dim, base_quantization_str, 1);
+            auto index = vsag::Factory::CreateIndex(name, param, allocator.get());
+            if (not index.has_value()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto dataset = pool.GetDatasetAndCreate(dim, base_count, metric_type);
+            TestContinueAddIgnoreRequire(index.value(), dataset);
+            vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(origin_size);
         }
-        auto dataset = pool.GetDatasetAndCreate(dim, base_count, metric_type);
-        TestContinueAddIgnoreRequire(index.value(), dataset);
     }
-    vsag::Options::Instance().set_block_size_limit(origin_size);
 }
 
 TEST_CASE_PERSISTENT_FIXTURE(fixtures::HgraphTestIndex, "HGraph Duplicate Build", "[ft][hgraph]") {
diff --git a/tests/test_index.cpp b/tests/test_index.cpp
index 4e2f769dc..832b8a0b0 100644
--- a/tests/test_index.cpp
+++ b/tests/test_index.cpp
@@ -351,6 +351,7 @@ TestIndex::TestCalcDistanceById(const IndexPtr& index, const TestDatasetPtr& dat
         }
     }
 }
+
 void
 TestIndex::TestSerializeFile(const IndexPtr& index_from,
                              const IndexPtr& index_to,
@@ -390,6 +391,80 @@ TestIndex::TestSerializeFile(const IndexPtr& index_from,
     }
 }
 
+void
+TestIndex::TestSerializeBinarySet(const IndexPtr& index_from,
+                                  const IndexPtr& index_to,
+                                  const TestDatasetPtr& dataset,
+                                  const std::string& search_param,
+                                  bool expected_success) {
+    auto serialize_binary = index_from->Serialize();
+    REQUIRE(serialize_binary.has_value() == expected_success);
+
+    auto deserialize_index = index_to->Deserialize(serialize_binary.value());
+    REQUIRE(deserialize_index.has_value() == expected_success);
+
+    const auto& queries = dataset->query_;
+    auto query_count = queries->GetNumElements();
+    auto dim = queries->GetDim();
+    auto topk = 10;
+    for (auto i = 0; i < query_count; ++i) {
+        auto query = vsag::Dataset::Make();
+        query->NumElements(1)
+            ->Dim(dim)
+            ->Float32Vectors(queries->GetFloat32Vectors() + i * dim)
+            ->Owner(false);
+        auto res_from = index_from->KnnSearch(query, topk, search_param);
+        auto res_to = index_to->KnnSearch(query, topk, search_param);
+        REQUIRE(res_from.has_value());
+        REQUIRE(res_to.has_value());
+        REQUIRE(res_from.value()->GetDim() == res_to.value()->GetDim());
+        for (auto j = 0; j < topk; ++j) {
+            REQUIRE(res_to.value()->GetIds()[j] == res_from.value()->GetIds()[j]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+TestIndex::TestSerializeReaderSet(const IndexPtr& index_from,
+                                  const IndexPtr& index_to,
+                                  const TestDatasetPtr& dataset,
+                                  const std::string& search_param,
+                                  const std::string& index_name,
+                                  bool expected_success) {
+    auto dir = fixtures::TempDir("serialize");
+    auto path = dir.GenerateRandomFile();
+    std::ofstream outfile(path, std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
+    auto serialize_index = index_from->Serialize(outfile);
+    REQUIRE(serialize_index.has_value() == expected_success);
+    outfile.close();
+
+    vsag::ReaderSet rs;
+    auto reader = vsag::Factory::CreateLocalFileReader(path, 0, 0);
+    rs.Set(index_name, reader);
+    auto deserialize_index = index_to->Deserialize(rs);
+    REQUIRE(deserialize_index.has_value() == expected_success);
+
+    const auto& queries = dataset->query_;
+    auto query_count = queries->GetNumElements();
+    auto dim = queries->GetDim();
+    auto topk = 10;
+    for (auto i = 0; i < query_count; ++i) {
+        auto query = vsag::Dataset::Make();
+        query->NumElements(1)
+            ->Dim(dim)
+            ->Float32Vectors(queries->GetFloat32Vectors() + i * dim)
+            ->Owner(false);
+        auto res_from = index_from->KnnSearch(query, topk, search_param);
+        auto res_to = index_to->KnnSearch(query, topk, search_param);
+        REQUIRE(res_from.has_value());
+        REQUIRE(res_to.has_value());
+        REQUIRE(res_from.value()->GetDim() == res_to.value()->GetDim());
+        for (auto j = 0; j < topk; ++j) {
+            REQUIRE(res_to.value()->GetIds()[j] == res_from.value()->GetIds()[j]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void
 TestIndex::TestConcurrentAdd(const TestIndex::IndexPtr& index,
                              const TestDatasetPtr& dataset,
diff --git a/tests/test_index.h b/tests/test_index.h
index ba6c017ec..33bf0e834 100644
--- a/tests/test_index.h
+++ b/tests/test_index.h
@@ -118,10 +118,19 @@ class TestIndex {
                       bool expected_success = true);
 
     static void
-    TestSerializeBinary(const IndexPtr& index,
-                        const TestDatasetPtr& dataset,
-                        const std::string& path,
-                        bool expected_success = true){};
+    TestSerializeBinarySet(const IndexPtr& index_from,
+                           const IndexPtr& index_to,
+                           const TestDatasetPtr& dataset,
+                           const std::string& search_param,
+                           bool expected_success = true);
+
+    static void
+    TestSerializeReaderSet(const IndexPtr& index_from,
+                           const IndexPtr& index_to,
+                           const TestDatasetPtr& dataset,
+                           const std::string& search_param,
+                           const std::string& index_name,
+                           bool expected_success = true);
 
     static void
     TestConcurrentKnnSearch(const IndexPtr& index,