[Task]: Switch to SLF4J 2

[Abacn]

What needs to happen?

This is not a trivial dependency upgrade.

slf4j 2.x uses a different binding mechanism makes it incompatible with SLF4J 1.x. Arrow has a compile dependency on SLF4J then it leads downstream project resolve to SLF4J 2.x causing breakage, e.g. #30304

Similarly, one we switched to slf4j 2.x users can no longer use SLF4J 1.x.

Issue Priority

Priority: 2 (default / most normal work should be filed as P2)

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[github-actions]

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[Abacn]

Fixed by #33574 (and follow ups)