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Backups

Backup ApisCP using Bacula, host tested and approved. It's the same solution used internally with Apis Networks since 2010.

This distribution allows for 2 simultaneous backup tasks. Servers are filed under /etc/bacula/conf.d/servers/n where n is 1 or 2 (or more if more than 2 parallel backups requested).

Bacula requires 1 server designated as the Director (bacula-dir), which initiates backups and stores data on the Storage Daemon (bacula-sd); this path is /home/bacula. The Director/Storage Daemon does not have to run ApisCP. Skip down to Manual installation for free-form configration.

Each server that is to be backed up must run a File Daemon (bacula-fd), also referred to as a client. A unique password should be generated for each client and stored in /etc/bacula/local.d/servers/n/server-name.conf on the Director. Firewall permissions must be extended to permit access by the director.

Backups can be of two types,

FileSet Description
Client-Layer Minimum viable backup, client data under /home/virtual/siteXX
Server All data under / and /home except for logs and FST

Backup clients must whitelist the Director in firewall. Director must whitelist clients in firewall. The only exception is if the Director and client are the same.

Installation

Installation is broken down into Director/Storage Daemon and File Daemon. The RPM bundled in this repo only covers Director/Storage Daemon usage. File Daemon installation requires manual configuration.

Director/Storage Daemon automated installation

Install the dependencies and official RPM from ApisCP's Yum repository.

yum install -y apnscp-bacula

Storage Daemon, Director, and File Daemon will automatically be configured upon installation. Changes may be made to /etc/sysconfig/bacula-vars. Note that SD_HOSTNAME will default to the machine's IPv4 address. This address is sent to the backup client to inform it to connect to the Storage Daemon at this address.

Configuring initial backup task

A default Client-Layer backup task will be created that runs every night. This backs up accounts under /home/virtual as part of ApisCP. If you would like to backup the whole server, then edit /etc/bacula/local.d/servers/1/self.conf. Change FileSet from Client-Layer to Server. Any template in conf.d/servers/ may be copied to local.d/servers/ for customization. It will not be overwritten.

Backup/restore crash course

Your first backup

Access the console to run your first backup!

  1. Type bconsole to enter Bacula's console
  2. Type run to run a backup task
  3. Select the task to run. NB: these will run every night automatically
  4. Confirm the task with yes
bconsole
# Connecting to Director localhost:9101
# 1000 OK: bacula-dir Version: 5.2.13 (19 February 2013)
# Enter a period to cancel a command.
* run
# Automatically selected Catalog: MyCatalog
# Using Catalog "MyCatalog"
# A job name must be specified.
# The defined Job resources are:
#     1: self-Backup
#     2: Restore
# Select Job resource (1-2): 1
# Run Backup job
# JobName:  self-Backup
# Level:    Incremental
# Client:   self
# FileSet:  Server
# Pool:     Full-1 (From Job resource)
# Storage:  File-1 (From Pool resource)
# When:     2019-06-26 01:50:15
# Priority: 10
OK to run? (yes/mod/no): yes
# Job queued. JobId=6
# You have messages.
*

Backups are stored in /home/bacula/1 or 2/ depending upon slotting. That's it!

Your first restore

Now that the backup has completed (status dir from bconsole), let's restore from backup.

  1. Enter restore mode using restore command
  2. Locate Find the JobIds for a backup for a client before a specified time from the menu, usually item 10.
  3. Enter the last known time your files worked, e.g. 2019-06-29 12:00:00 (NB: 24-hour clock)
  4. Take the JobId from the result.
  5. Locate Select full restore to a specified Job date, usually item 12.
  6. Enter JobId from above.
  7. Navigate to the location to restore, all sites are backed up by site.
cd /home/virtual
ls
cd site1/
cd shadow/var/www/html
mark *
done

::: tip In future iterations of ApisCP, you will be able to mark site1 from /home/virtual to restore the entire site ::: 8. Confirm the location to restore. By default /tmp is used to avoid overwriting data. Type mod to modify the restore parameters, then change path to / to overwrite everything. 9. Enter yes to confirm everything is OK

Restore takes a few seconds to minutes to complete depending upon how large the backup is. status dir will note whether it's still running.

Copying restored files

When restored to /tmp, extended attributes - including ACLs - are preserved. Use cp -a or rsync -a to ensure these attributes are preserved.

cp -an /tmp/home/virtual/siteX/shadow/var/www/html /home/virtual/siteX/fst/var/www/
rsync -a /tmp/home/virtual/siteX/shadow/var/www/html /home/virtual/siteX/fst/var/www/

In the above examples, cp will replace any file missing or older than the backup reference. rsync alternatively overwrites all files. CentOS/RHEL aliases cp to cp -i prompting for confirmation before overwriting.

Adding additional machines

For each server, install bacula-client, set a password, whitelist the client on the Director and whitelist the Director on the client. Let's assume the client named, "server-1" has the IP address 61.2.12.11 and Director, "storage-master" has the IP address 43.2.1.5.

# On client, "server-1"
yum install -y bacula-client
# Whitelist Director's IP
cpcmd rampart:whitelist 43.2.1.5
# Generate a random password, record it
# Sample password: foo/bar+baz
openssl rand -base64 32
# Set password for director
nano /etc/bacula/bacula-fd.conf
# Change Password = "@@FD_PASSWORD@@" in the first Director { ... }
# Password = "foo/bar+baz"
systemctl enable bacula-fd
systemctl restart bacula-fd

The client's configured. Now return to the Director to add the client profile,

cd /etc/bacula/local.d/servers/
cp 1/self.conf 2/server-1.conf
nano 2/server-1.conf
# Edit Name = self, Password = "XYZ", Address = "127.0.0.1"
# New configuration should look like
# Client {
#        Name = server-1
#        Password = "foo/bar+baz"
#        Address = "43.2.1.5"
#        FileSet = "Client-Layer"
# }
systemctl restart bacula-dir
# Whitelist the client IP, if using ApisCP
cpcmd rampart:whitelist 61.2.12.11

That's it! A new backup task is now available.

Manual installation

Refer to steps above unless specified below.

Director/Storage Daemon manual installation

Clone repository and install supplemental RPMs.

git clone https://github.com/apisnetworks/apnscp-bacula
yum install -y bacula-director bacula-client bacula-storage bacula-console
systemctl enable bacula-sd bacula-dir

Link MySQL driver to baccats,

alternatives --set libbaccats.so /usr/lib64/libbaccats-mysql.so

Create a database to store backup metadata,

# Create database + grants
echo "CREATE DATABASE bacula; CREATE USER bacula@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'somepassword';" | mysql
# Populate database
env db_name=bacula /usr/libexec/bacula/make_bacula_tables mysql

Create a file that stores environment variables for Bacula components,

touch /etc/sysconfig/bacula-vars
chown bacula:bacula /etc/sysconfig/bacula-vars
chmod 600 /etc/sysconfig/bacula-vars

Edit /etc/sysconfig/bacula-vars. Set the following credentials:

Variable Purpose
DB_HOSTNAME Database hostname (usually "localhost")
DB_USER Database username (usually "bacula")
DB_PASSWORD Database password as set above (do not use "bacula")
DB_NAME Database name (usually "bacula")
SD_HOSTNAME Storage daemon hostname (IP address of Director)
SD_PASSWORD Storage daemon password (do not use "bacula")
MONITOR_PASSWORD Monitoring via "bat" app (do not use "bacula")
DIR_PASSWORD Unrestricted director password (do not use "bacula")
CONSOLE_PASSWORD Console password via bconsole (do not use "bacula")

All credentials will be automatically set for both the directory and storage daemon

Start Bacula services.

systemctl enable bacula-sd bacula-dir bacula-fd

File Daemon manual installation

For each device whitelist firewall using firewall-cmd.

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-source=192.168.100.1

Customizing

Triggering dump before backup

Set manual_database_backups=true in Bootstrapper.

cpcmd scope:set cp.bootstrapper manual_database_backups true
upcp -sb apnscp/crons

Database backups may be synchronously performed as,

/usr/bin/apnscp_php /usr/local/apnscp/bin/scripts/backup_dbs.php

Backup schedules may also be ignored for database backups with --force.

Create a new job definition that is similar to the existing "Incremental" definition.

Modify the backup template base.conf by copying it to local.d. Then add the new job definition.

cp /etc/bacula/conf.d/servers/base.conf /etc/bacula/local.d/servers/base.conf

Add the following in the Job { ... } definition before the closing brace in local.d/servers/base.conf

RunScript {
    RunsWhen = Before
    FailJobOnError = No
    Command = "/usr/bin/apnscp_php /usr/local/apnscp/bin/scripts/backup_dbs.php --force"
  }

Restart Bacula. systemctl restart bacula-dir

Troubleshooting

Malformed message... Maximum permitted 1000000

Bacula may report this in its messages. Malformed messages happen from rogue clients, typically vulnerability scans. Ensure firewall restrictions are in place to protect ports 9101/TCP+UDP, 9102/TCP+UDP, 9103/TCP+UDP are properly firewalled and that firewalld service is running that runs a restrictive policy by default.

# Verify firewalld running
systemctl status firewalld
# Restart firewalld
systemctl restart firewalld