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这里的想法几乎完全来自于@Zean01 和温伯格,实在是太爽了,所以我来这里再狗尾续貂一下。
在狭义相对论下,我们的时空是一个闵可夫斯基时空,是一个$\mathbb{R}^4$,上面的度规是$g^{\mu\nu}$。
保持内积不变的变换,还要求全部矩阵元都是实数,这样的变换群是$\mathrm{SO}(3,1)$
因为态有相位的任意性,这就要求$\mathrm{SO}(3,1)$的表示必须是投影表示,因此必须引入它的万有覆叠群$\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$
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