diff --git a/docker-compose/definitions.json b/docker-compose/definitions.json
index d8a7c8d1..cdafff68 100644
--- a/docker-compose/definitions.json
+++ b/docker-compose/definitions.json
@@ -29,6 +29,36 @@
         "x-dead-letter-routing-key": "email.deadLetter"
       }
     },
+    {
+      "name": "email.send.wait.5s",
+      "vhost": "/",
+      "durable": true,
+      "arguments": {
+        "x-message-ttl": 5000,
+        "x-dead-letter-exchange": "",
+        "x-dead-letter-routing-key": "email.send.queue"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "email.send.wait.10s",
+      "vhost": "/",
+      "durable": true,
+      "arguments": {
+        "x-message-ttl": 10000,
+        "x-dead-letter-exchange": "",
+        "x-dead-letter-routing-key": "email.send.queue"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "email.send.wait.20s",
+      "vhost": "/",
+      "durable": true,
+      "arguments": {
+        "x-message-ttl": 20000,
+        "x-dead-letter-exchange": "",
+        "x-dead-letter-routing-key": "email.send.queue"
+      }
+    },
     {
       "name": "crawling.full.queue",
       "vhost": "/",
diff --git a/email-worker/src/email/email.consumer.ts b/email-worker/src/email/email.consumer.ts
index bae25f9f..abc19422 100644
--- a/email-worker/src/email/email.consumer.ts
+++ b/email-worker/src/email/email.consumer.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@ import { inject, injectable } from 'tsyringe';
 import { DEPENDENCY_SYMBOLS } from '../types/dependency-symbols';
 import { EmailService } from './email.service';
 import logger from '../logger';
-import { RMQ_QUEUES } from '../rabbitmq/rabbitmq.constant';
+import { RETRY_CONFIG, RMQ_QUEUES } from '../rabbitmq/rabbitmq.constant';
 import { EmailPayload, EmailPayloadConstant } from '../types/types';
+import { Options } from 'amqplib/properties';
 
 @injectable()
 export class EmailConsumer {
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ export class EmailConsumer {
 
     this.consumerTag = await this.rabbitmqService.consumeMessage(
       RMQ_QUEUES.EMAIL_SEND,
-      async (payload: EmailPayload) => {
+      async (payload: EmailPayload, retryCount: number) => {
         if (this.shuttingDownFlag) {
           logger.warn('[EmailConsumer] Shutdown 중, 메시지 처리 건너뜀');
           throw new Error('SHUTDOWN_IN_PROGRESS');
@@ -39,6 +40,8 @@ export class EmailConsumer {
         try {
           await this.handleEmailByType(payload);
           logger.info('[EmailConsumer] 이메일 전송 완료');
+        } catch (error) {
+          await this.handleEmailByError(error, payload, retryCount);
         } finally {
           this.pendingTasks--;
           logger.info(`[EmailConsumer] 남은 작업: ${this.pendingTasks}`);
@@ -120,4 +123,117 @@ export class EmailConsumer {
       }, 10000);
     });
   }
+
+  async handleEmailByError(
+    error: any,
+    payload: EmailPayload,
+    retryCount: number,
+  ) {
+    const stringifiedMessage = JSON.stringify(payload);
+    const retryOptions: Options.Publish = {
+      headers: {
+        'x-retry-count': retryCount + 1,
+      },
+    };
+
+    // Node.js 네트워크 레벨의 에러
+    const isNetworkError =
+      error.code === 'ESOCKET' ||
+      error.message?.includes('ECONNREFUSED') ||
+      error.message?.includes('ETIMEDOUT') ||
+      error.message?.includes('Unexpected socket close');
+    if (isNetworkError) {
+      if (retryCount >= RETRY_CONFIG.MAX_RETRY) {
+        await this.rabbitmqService.sendMessageToQueue(
+          RMQ_QUEUES.EMAIL_DEAD_LETTER,
+          stringifiedMessage,
+          {
+            headers: {
+              'x-retry-count': retryCount,
+              'x-error-code': error.code || 'NONE',
+              'x-error-message': error.message,
+              'x-failed-at': new Date().toISOString(),
+              'x-failure-type': 'MAX_RETRIES_EXCEEDED',
+            },
+          },
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      await this.rabbitmqService.sendMessageToQueue(
+        RETRY_CONFIG.WAITING_QUEUE[retryCount],
+        stringifiedMessage,
+        retryOptions,
+      );
+      return;
+    }
+    // SMTP 레벨의 에러
+    if (error.responseCode) {
+      if (error.responseCode >= 500) {
+        await this.rabbitmqService.sendMessageToQueue(
+          RMQ_QUEUES.EMAIL_DEAD_LETTER,
+          stringifiedMessage,
+          {
+            headers: {
+              'x-retry-count': retryCount,
+              'x-error-code': error.code || 'NONE',
+              'x-response-code': error.responseCode,
+              'x-error-message': error.message,
+              'x-failed-at': new Date().toISOString(),
+              'x-failure-type': 'SMTP_PERMANENT_FAILURE',
+            },
+          },
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (error.responseCode >= 400) {
+        if (retryCount >= RETRY_CONFIG.MAX_RETRY) {
+          await this.rabbitmqService.sendMessageToQueue(
+            RMQ_QUEUES.EMAIL_DEAD_LETTER,
+            stringifiedMessage,
+            {
+              headers: {
+                'x-retry-count': retryCount,
+                'x-error-code': error.code || 'NONE',
+                'x-response-code': error.responseCode,
+                'x-error-message': error.message,
+                'x-failed-at': new Date().toISOString(),
+                'x-failure-type': 'MAX_RETRIES_EXCEEDED',
+              },
+            },
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+        await this.rabbitmqService.sendMessageToQueue(
+          RETRY_CONFIG.WAITING_QUEUE[retryCount],
+          stringifiedMessage,
+          retryOptions,
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.error(
+      `[EmailConsumer] 알 수 없는 에러로 DLQ 메시지 발행
+      오류 메시지: ${error.message} 
+      스택 트레이스: ${error.stack}`,
+    );
+    // 즉시 DLQ로 메시지 발행
+    // todo: Slack 이나 Discord 연동을 통한 새로운 에러에 대한 알림 구현
+    await this.rabbitmqService.sendMessageToQueue(
+      RMQ_QUEUES.EMAIL_DEAD_LETTER,
+      stringifiedMessage,
+      {
+        headers: {
+          'x-retry-count': retryCount,
+          'x-error-code': error.code || 'UNKNOWN',
+          'x-error-message': error.message || 'Unknown error',
+          'x-error-stack': error.stack,
+          'x-failed-at': new Date().toISOString(),
+          'x-failure-type': 'UNKNOWN_ERROR',
+        },
+      },
+    );
+  }
 }
diff --git a/email-worker/src/email/email.service.ts b/email-worker/src/email/email.service.ts
index 4f1f6929..1d0c46a8 100644
--- a/email-worker/src/email/email.service.ts
+++ b/email-worker/src/email/email.service.ts
@@ -48,7 +48,12 @@ export class EmailService {
       await this.transporter.sendMail(mailOptions);
       logger.info(`${mailOptions.to} 이메일 전송 성공`);
     } catch (error) {
-      logger.error(`${mailOptions.to} 이메일 전송 실패: ${error}`);
+      logger.error(
+        `${mailOptions.to} 이메일 전송 실패
+         오류 메시지: ${error.message} 
+         스택 트레이스: ${error.stack}`,
+      );
+      throw error;
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/email-worker/src/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.constant.ts b/email-worker/src/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.constant.ts
index 237caf44..90def841 100644
--- a/email-worker/src/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.constant.ts
+++ b/email-worker/src/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.constant.ts
@@ -2,24 +2,36 @@ export const RMQ_EXCHANGES = {
   EMAIL: 'EmailExchange',
   CRAWLING: 'CrawlingExchange',
   DEAD_LETTER: 'DeadLetterExchange',
-};
+} as const;
 
 export const RMQ_QUEUES = {
   EMAIL_SEND: 'email.send.queue',
   CRAWLING_FULL: 'crawling.full.queue',
+  EMAIL_SEND_WAIT_5S: 'email.send.wait.5s',
+  EMAIL_SEND_WAIT_10S: 'email.send.wait.10s',
+  EMAIL_SEND_WAIT_20S: 'email.send.wait.20s',
   EMAIL_DEAD_LETTER: 'email.deadLetter.queue',
   CRAWLING_FULL_DEAD_LETTER: 'crawling.full.deadLetter.queue',
-};
+} as const;
 
 export const RMQ_ROUTING_KEYS = {
   EMAIL_SEND: 'email.send',
   CRAWLING_FULL: 'crawling.full',
   EMAIL_DEAD_LETTER: 'email.deadLetter',
   CRAWLING_FULL_DEAD_LETTER: 'crawling.full.deadLetter',
-};
+} as const;
 
 export const RMQ_EXCHANGE_TYPE = {
   DIRECT: 'direct',
   TOPIC: 'topic',
   FANOUT: 'fanout',
-};
+} as const;
+
+export const RETRY_CONFIG = {
+  MAX_RETRY: 3,
+  WAITING_QUEUE: [
+    RMQ_QUEUES.EMAIL_SEND_WAIT_5S,
+    RMQ_QUEUES.EMAIL_SEND_WAIT_10S,
+    RMQ_QUEUES.EMAIL_SEND_WAIT_20S,
+  ],
+} as const;
diff --git a/email-worker/src/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.service.ts b/email-worker/src/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.service.ts
index ab1d7f76..ca7dbabc 100644
--- a/email-worker/src/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.service.ts
+++ b/email-worker/src/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.service.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { inject, injectable } from 'tsyringe';
 import { RabbitMQManager } from './rabbitmq.manager';
-import { ConsumeMessage } from 'amqplib/properties';
+import { Options } from 'amqplib/properties';
 import { DEPENDENCY_SYMBOLS } from '../types/dependency-symbols';
 import logger from '../logger';
 
@@ -20,9 +20,18 @@ export class RabbitmqService {
     channel.publish(exchange, routingKey, Buffer.from(message));
   }
 
+  async sendMessageToQueue(
+    queue: string,
+    message: string,
+    options?: Options.Publish,
+  ) {
+    const channel = await this.rabbitMQManager.getChannel();
+    channel.sendToQueue(queue, Buffer.from(message), options);
+  }
+
   async consumeMessage<T>(
     queue: string,
-    onMessage: (payload: T) => void | Promise<void>,
+    onMessage: (payload: T, retryCount: number) => void | Promise<void>,
   ) {
     const channel = await this.rabbitMQManager.getChannel();
     const { consumerTag } = await channel.consume(queue, async (message) => {
@@ -30,7 +39,8 @@ export class RabbitmqService {
         if (!message) return;
 
         const parsedMessage = JSON.parse(message.content.toString()) as T;
-        await onMessage(parsedMessage);
+        const retryCount = message.properties.headers?.['x-retry-count'] || 0;
+        await onMessage(parsedMessage, retryCount);
 
         channel.ack(message);
       } catch (error) {