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Redis入门知识
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<h4>Redis特点</h4>
<ul>
<li>是一个内存中的数据结构存储系统，支持丰富数据类型。</li>
<li>常用作缓存，可以持久化数据到缓存。</li>
<li>支持简单的消息队列协议，可用作普通的消息队列中间件。</li>
<li>内置Lua脚本支持。</li>
<li>支持事务和LRU事件。</li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
<h4>基本命令</h4>
<p>Redis支持strings, hashes, lists, sets, sorted sets bitmaps, hyperloglogs, geospatial等数据类型。</p>
<h6><em>connection命令</em></h6>
<p>1, select切换数据库。<br>
2, ping检测服务。</p>
<h6><em>keys命令</em></h6>
<p>1, keys命令查看目前所有的key。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">KEYS</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="o">(</span><span class="n">empty</span> <span class="n">list</span> <span class="n">or</span> <span class="kd">set</span><span class="o">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>2, type查看key数据类型。<br></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">keys</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key4"</span>
<span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key1"</span>
<span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key2"</span>
<span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key3"</span>
<span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">type</span> <span class="n">key1</span>
<span class="n">string</span>
<span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">type</span> <span class="n">key2</span>
<span class="n">list</span>
<span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">type</span> <span class="n">key3</span>
<span class="kd">set</span>
<span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">type</span> <span class="n">key4</span>
<span class="n">hash</span>
</pre></div>
<p>3, del删除指定key。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">keys</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key4"</span>
<span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key1"</span>
<span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key2"</span>
<span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key3"</span>
<span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">del</span> <span class="n">key1</span>
<span class="o">(</span><span class="n">integer</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">121</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="mi">6379</span><span class="o">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">]></span> <span class="n">keys</span> <span class="o">*</span>
<span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key4"</span>
<span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key2"</span>
<span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="s2">"key3"</span>
</pre></div>
<p>4, exists检查key是否存在，不存在返回0，存在返回1，多个key某些存在，某些不存在返回2。<br>
5, expire设置超时秒数。<br>
6, ttl返回剩余过期时间秒数。</p>
<h6><em>strings命令</em></h6>
<p>1, set, get命令。<br>
2, incr, decr自增自减，原子操作。</p>
<h6><em>lists命令</em></h6>
<p>1, lpush, lpop, rpush, rpop<br>
2, lrange变量列表</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="err">redis> RPUSH mylist "one"</span>
<span class="err">(integer) 1</span>
<span class="err">redis> RPUSH mylist "two"</span>
<span class="err">(integer) 2</span>
<span class="err">redis> RPUSH mylist "three"</span>
<span class="err">(integer) 3</span>
<span class="err">redis> LRANGE mylist 0 0</span>
<span class="err">1) "one"</span>
<span class="err">redis> LRANGE mylist -3 2</span>
<span class="err">1) "one"</span>
<span class="err">2) "two"</span>
<span class="err">3) "three"</span>
<span class="err">redis> LRANGE mylist -100 100</span>
<span class="err">1) "one"</span>
<span class="err">2) "two"</span>
<span class="err">3) "three"</span>
<span class="err">redis> LRANGE mylist 5 10</span>
<span class="err">(empty list or set)</span>
<span class="err">redis> </span>
</pre></div>
<p>3, llen返回lists长度。</p>
<h6><em>sorted sets命令</em></h6>
<p>1, zadd<br>
2, zpopmin, zpopmax<br>
3, zcount<br>
更多命令查看<a href="https://redis.io/commands">Reids命令大全</a></p>
<p><br></p>
<h4>Pub/Sub（分发和订阅）</h4>
<p>Publisher（生产者）不将消息发送给特定的Consumer（消费者），而是发送到channel（频道）。订阅相应channel的Consumer都将收到消息，Publisher往channel分发消息，它不需要知道都有哪些Consumer订阅了消息。</p>
<p><img alt="Redis Pub/Sub模式" src="./images/redis-pub-sub.png"></p>
<p>下面是Pub/Sub最简单的使用。<br>
首先客户端订阅了两个channel。分别是first，second。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="err">127.0.0.1:6379[1]> SUBSCRIBE first second</span>
<span class="err">Reading messages... (press Ctrl-C to quit)</span>
<span class="err">1) "subscribe"</span>
<span class="err">2) "first"</span>
<span class="err">3) (integer) 1</span>
<span class="err">1) "subscribe"</span>
<span class="err">2) "second"</span>
<span class="err">3) (integer) 2</span>
</pre></div>
<p>服务端Publisher分发消息</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="err">127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH first hello</span>
<span class="err">(integer) 1</span>
<span class="err">127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH second "hello redis"</span>
<span class="err">(integer) 1</span>
</pre></div>
<p>客户端将收到如下消息</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="err">1) "message"</span>
<span class="err">2) "first"</span>
<span class="err">3) "hello"</span>
<span class="err">1) "message"</span>
<span class="err">2) "second"</span>
<span class="err">3) "hello redis"</span>
</pre></div>
<p><br></p>
<h4>Pipelining模式</h4>
<p>Pipelining即管道。使用Pipelining，我们可以一次向Redis发送多个命令请求，并一次获得请求结果。</p>
<h6><em>Pipelining优点</em></h6>
<ul>
<li>避免单个命令发送多次阻塞。Redis每一个命令请求，Client都会阻塞等待结果。Pipelining一次向Redis Server发送多个命令，减少了阻塞次数。</li>
<li>减少了网络RTT。Pipelining将请求和回复一次传输，减少了网络传输次数和总时间。</li>
<li>降低了Socket IO时间。对于Redis命令，请求和产生结果相对较快，而读写IO相对较慢。一次Pipelining请求只读写一次IO，这比多个命令分开请求减少了IO读写次数。</li>
</ul>
<p><br></p>
<h4>shidde</h4>
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