diff --git a/features/GEM005_Geometry-of-surrounding-buildings.feature b/features/GEM005_Geometry-of-surrounding-buildings.feature
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19e81586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/features/GEM005_Geometry-of-surrounding-buildings.feature
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+@implementer-agreement
+@ALS
+Feature: Building shape representation
+  Scenario: Agreement on empty IfcBuilding using correct representation
+
+      Given A file with Schema Identifier "IFC2X3" or "IFC4" or "IFC4X3_TC1" or "IFC4X3_ADD1" or "IFC4X3"
+      And An IfcBuilding
+      And ContainsElements = empty
+      And IsDecomposedBy = empty
+      And Its attribute Representation
+      And Its attribute Representations
+      Then The value of attribute RepresentationIdentifier must be Body
diff --git a/features/steps/givens/attributes.py b/features/steps/givens/attributes.py
index d36e2907..7d08a428 100644
--- a/features/steps/givens/attributes.py
+++ b/features/steps/givens/attributes.py
@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@
 
 @given("{attribute} = {value}")
 def step_impl(context, attribute, value):
-    value = ast.literal_eval(value)
+    if value == 'empty':
+        value = ()
+    else:
+        value = ast.literal_eval(value)
     context.instances = list(
         filter(lambda inst: getattr(inst, attribute, True) == value, context.instances)
     )
diff --git a/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc b/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c1f9e64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, $, $);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, $, $);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Body', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#1002 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'FootPrint', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc b/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e211d60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
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+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
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+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
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+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
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+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#81));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#1002 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'FootPrint', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc b/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4334d6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als005/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, $, $);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, $, $);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#1002 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'FootPrint', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als005/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc b/test/files/als005/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..339a5c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als005/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#20003 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20010 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20011));
+#20011 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, #20003, #20010);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc b/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b29d4e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'FootPrint', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, $, $);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc b/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f9ccb5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#79));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, $, $);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc b/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f923e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als006/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#54));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, $, $);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als006/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc b/test/files/als006/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..339a5c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als006/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#20003 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20010 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20011));
+#20011 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, #20003, #20010);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc b/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba05a7f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-identifier.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#20003 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20010 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20011));
+#20011 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'FootPrint', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, #20003, #20010);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc b/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd5b96c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-item.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#20003 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20010 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20011));
+#20011 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#54));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, #20003, #20010);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc b/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8f90002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als007/fail-sectioned-solid-horizontal-wrong-type.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#20003 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20010 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20011));
+#20011 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#79));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, #20003, #20010);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/als007/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc b/test/files/als007/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..339a5c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/als007/pass-sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION (('ViewDefinition [Ifc4X3NotAssigned]'), '2;1');
+FILE_NAME ('sectioned-solid-horizontal.ifc', '2021-05-31T10:35:59', (), (), 'redacted', $, $);
+FILE_SCHEMA (('IFC4X3_ADD1'));
+ENDSEC;
+
+DATA;
+#1 = IFCOWNERHISTORY(#2, #6, $, .NOCHANGE., $, $, $, 1622457359);
+#2 = IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#3, #4, $);
+#3 = IFCPERSON($, 'redacted', 'redacted', $, $, $, $, $);
+#4 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#5 = IFCORGANIZATION($, 'redacted', $, $, $);
+#6 = IFCAPPLICATION(#5, 'redacted', 'redacted', 'redacted');
+#7 = IFCPROJECT('0A_yMRoUvBdBdFGHn1GH7s', #1, 'Test IFC Project', $, $, $, $, (#13), #8);
+#8 = IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#9, #10, #11, #12));
+#9 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .LENGTHUNIT., $, .METRE.);
+#10 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .AREAUNIT., $, .SQUARE_METRE.);
+#11 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .VOLUMEUNIT., $, .CUBIC_METRE.);
+#12 = IFCSIUNIT(*, .PLANEANGLEUNIT., $, .RADIAN.);
+#13 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($, 'Model', 3, 1.E-4, #14, #16);
+#14 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, $, $);
+#15 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+#16 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 1.));
+#17 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Body', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#18 = IFCARBITRARYCLOSEDPROFILEDEF(.AREA., 'Simple Profile', #19);
+#19 = IFCINDEXEDPOLYCURVE(#20, (IFCLINEINDEX((1, 2)), IFCLINEINDEX((2, 3)), IFCLINEINDEX((3, 4)), IFCLINEINDEX((4, 1))), $);
+#20 = IFCCARTESIANPOINTLIST2D(((-4., 0.), (-5., -1.), (5., -1.), (4., 0.)), $);
+#24 = IFCSITE('35wH0d2VDFze34cZziHyWH', #1, 'Default Site', $, $, #25, $, $, .ELEMENT., (0, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0), 0., $, $);
+#25 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #28);
+#26 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#27 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#28 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #26, #27);
+#29 = IFCALIGNMENT('0qI6nq6055HgCBPMUsw303', #1, 'Test Alignment', $, $, #30, #104, $);
+#30 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #33);
+#31 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#32 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#33 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #31, #32);
+#20002 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20000 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20001));
+#20001 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve2D', (#54));
+#34 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTAL('2a51YNKc9CIA9mX6PHta0R', #1, $, $, $, #20002, #20000);
+#35 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2VLcO34uj1ThLg3tnDQSDu', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1601, #36);
+#36 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #37, 0., 0., 0., 400., $, .LINE.);
+#37 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#38 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('23in7RdgnF5etPmWAUg6Un', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1611, #39);
+#39 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #40, 0., 0., -500.000000000002, 150., $, .CLOTHOID.);
+#40 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#41 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('2f96e3LmrECxEoe22s5Xpd', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1621, #42);
+#42 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #43, 6.13318530717958, -500.000000000002, -500.000000000002, 400., $, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#43 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#44 = IFCRELNESTS('3A9jueO1j2z8C76N1IFh7f', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #34, (#35, #38, #41, #1101));
+#20003 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#30, #33);
+#20010 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#20011));
+#20011 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#1001, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#45 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICAL('3SOdKle3DEtuUG6EbrmQpy', #1, $, $, $, #20003, #20010);
+#46 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('16nyAX_5956AZO3WakpmwA', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2601, #47);
+#47 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 0., 449.999993741124, 150., -9.99999999995544E-4, -9.99999999995544E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#48 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('3Zuiuqd_1EPuTb4o9SuLse', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2611, #49);
+#49 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 449.999993741124, 100.000006258876, 149.550000006261, -9.99999999995544E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, 69230.7996321627, .CIRCULARARC.);
+#50 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1ZSIbG7kLDTxDPZKyT21HX', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2621, #51);
+#51 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 550., 400., 149.522222225005, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+#52 = IFCRELNESTS('0f0eGFsknBWxOW9inF_FLN', #1, 'Linear Element Nesting', $, #45, (#46, #48, #50, #2001));
+#53 = IFCRELNESTS('0Ejb6tfov7UebksdwCEIZR', #1, 'Alignment Nesting', $, #29, (#34, #45));
+#54 = IFCCOMPOSITECURVE((#55, #63, #71, #1201), .U.);
+#55 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #58, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.), #59);
+#56 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#57 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#58 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#56, #57);
+#59 = IFCLINE(#60, #61);
+#60 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#61 = IFCVECTOR(#62, 1.);
+#62 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#63 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #66, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(150.), #67);
+#64 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((400., 0.));
+#65 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#66 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#64, #65);
+#67 = IFCCLOTHOID(#70, -273.861278752584);
+#68 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#69 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#70 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#68, #69);
+#71 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #74, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(-400.), #75);
+#72 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((549.662851380011, -7.48795505445));
+#73 = IFCDIRECTION((9.88771077936042E-1, -1.49438132473604E-1));
+#74 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#72, #73);
+#75 = IFCCIRCLE(#78, 500.000000000002);
+#76 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#77 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#78 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#76, #77);
+#79 = IFCGRADIENTCURVE((#80, #88, #96, #2101), .U., #54, $);
+#80 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #83, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(450.000218741065), #84);
+#81 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 150.));
+#82 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#83 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#81, #82);
+#84 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#85 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#86 = IFCVECTOR(#87, 1.);
+#87 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#88 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #91, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(4.71138898071803), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(100.00001881), #92);
+#89 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((449.999993741124, 149.550000006261));
+#90 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999500000375E-1, -9.99999499995919E-4));
+#91 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#89, #90);
+#92 = IFCCIRCLE(#95, 69230.7996321627);
+#93 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#94 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+#95 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#93, #94);
+#96 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.CONTSAMEGRADIENTSAMECURVATURE., #99, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(400.000039506171), #100);
+#97 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((550., 149.522222225005));
+#98 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#99 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#97, #98);
+#100 = IFCLINE(#101, #102);
+#101 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#102 = IFCVECTOR(#103, 1.);
+#103 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+/* tfk: remove the footprint representation for now in #1002 */
+#104 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#106));
+#105 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('Axis', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+#106 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Curve3D', (#79));
+#107 = IFCBUILTELEMENT('3k7$iV7T92$R$xNE9oe5R8', #1, 'SimpleProfile', $, $, #108, #115, $);
+#108 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT(#25, #114);
+#109 = IFCDIRECTION((0., 0., 1.));
+#110 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0., 0.));
+#114 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#15, #109, #110);
+#115 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#127));
+#116 = IFCSECTIONEDSOLIDHORIZONTAL(#79, (#18, #18), (#117, #119));
+#117 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#118, $, $);
+#118 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(300.), $, $, $, #79);
+#119 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENTLINEAR(#120, $, $);
+#120 = IFCPOINTBYDISTANCEEXPRESSION(IFCLENGTHMEASURE(600.), $, $, $, #79);
+#127 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#17, 'Body', 'AdvancedSweptSolid', (#116));
+#128 = IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('0de2EMoG5C3AvNHWz3ILSb', #1, 'Container', 'Container to Contained', (#29, #107), #24);
+#129 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0PN7lKNInB_OsofZN8N0Nn', #1, 'Project Container', 'Project to Spatial Element', #7, (#24));
+
+#1001 = IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONSUBCONTEXT('FootPrint', 'Model', *, *, *, *, #13, $, .MODEL_VIEW., $);
+
+#1101 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('1lqBKv7Xz1Hx2tmPCGtaIa', #1, $, $, $, #1501, #1631, #1102);
+#1102 = IFCALIGNMENTHORIZONTALSEGMENT($, $, #1103, -0.95, 0., 0., 0., $, .LINE.);
+#1103 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+
+#1201 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #1204, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #1205);
+#1202 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0881.65153753789, -211.03194929054));
+#1203 = IFCDIRECTION((0.58168308946, -0.81341550478));
+#1204 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#1202, #1203);
+#1205 = IFCLINE(#1206, #1207);
+#1206 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#1207 = IFCVECTOR(#1208, 1.);
+#1208 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#1501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #1502);
+#1502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#1503, $, $);
+#1503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#1601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1602));
+#1602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#55));
+#1611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1612));
+#1612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#63));
+#1621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1622));
+#1622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#71));
+#1631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#1632));
+#1632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#1201));
+
+#2001 = IFCALIGNMENTSEGMENT('49fS3hA8n5YOBvYphrBOIP', #1, $, $, $, #2501, #2631, #2002);
+#2002 = IFCALIGNMENTVERTICALSEGMENT($, $, 950., 0., 149.7, 4.44444444449813E-4, 4.44444444449813E-4, $, .CONSTANTGRADIENT.);
+
+#2101 = IFCCURVESEGMENT(.DISCONTINUOUS., #2104, IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), IFCLENGTHMEASURE(0.), #2105);
+#2102 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((950., 149.7));
+#2103 = IFCDIRECTION((9.99999901234583E-1, 4.44444400554072E-4));
+#2104 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#2102, #2103);
+#2105 = IFCLINE(#85, #86);
+#2106 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0.));
+#2107 = IFCVECTOR(#2108, 1.);
+#2108 = IFCDIRECTION((1., 0.));
+
+#2501 = IFCLOCALPLACEMENT($, #2502);
+#2502 = IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#2503, $, $);
+#2503 = IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0., 0., 0.));
+
+#2601 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2602));
+#2602 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#80));
+#2611 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2612));
+#2612 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#88));
+#2621 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2622));
+#2622 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#96));
+#2631 = IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($, $, (#2632));
+#2632 = IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#105, 'Axis', 'Segment', (#2101));
+
+#3000 = IFCRELAGGREGATES('0mRn50inT2pf1XqujacVu9', #1, 'Project Container 2', 'Project to Alignment', #7, (#29));
+
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/gem004/pass-gem005-scenario2-sweptsolid-as-type.ifc b/test/files/gem004/pass-gem004-scenario2-sweptsolid-as-type.ifc
similarity index 100%
rename from test/files/gem004/pass-gem005-scenario2-sweptsolid-as-type.ifc
rename to test/files/gem004/pass-gem004-scenario2-sweptsolid-as-type.ifc
diff --git a/test/files/gem005/README.md b/test/files/gem005/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b768bf33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/gem005/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+| File name                                    | Expected result   | Error                                                                                                                                  | Description   |
+|:---------------------------------------------|:------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------|
+| pass-gem005-aggregate.ifc                    | pass              | Rules passed                                                                                                                           |               |
+| fail-gem005-scenario01-no_representation.ifc | fail              | ['On instance None the following invalid value for RepresentationIdentifier has been found: Attribute not found']                      |               |
+| pass-gem005-contain.ifc                      | pass              | Rules passed                                                                                                                           |               |
+| fail-gem005-scenario01-footprint.ifc         | fail              | ['On instance #30=IfcShapeRepresentatio...,(#29)) the following invalid value for RepresentationIdentifier has been found: FootPrint'] |               |
+| pass-gem005-body.ifc                         | pass              | Rules passed                                                                                                                           |               |
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/files/gem005/fail-gem005-scenario01-footprint.ifc b/test/files/gem005/fail-gem005-scenario01-footprint.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f0c25d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/gem005/fail-gem005-scenario01-footprint.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION(('ViewDefinition [CoordinationView]'),'2;1');
+FILE_NAME('','2023-09-20T19:15:36',(''),(''),'IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3'));
+ENDSEC;
+DATA;
+#1=IFCPERSON($,$,'',$,$,$,$,$);
+#2=IFCORGANIZATION($,'',$,$,$);
+#3=IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#1,#2,$);
+#4=IFCAPPLICATION(#2,'v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+#5=IFCOWNERHISTORY(#3,#4,$,.ADDED.,$,#3,#4,1695237336);
+#6=IFCDIRECTION((1.,0.,0.));
+#7=IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,1.));
+#8=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.,0.));
+#9=IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#8,#7,#6);
+#10=IFCDIRECTION((0.,1.));
+#11=IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($,'Model',3,1.E-05,#9,#10);
+#12=IFCDIMENSIONALEXPONENTS(0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+#13=IFCSIUNIT(*,.LENGTHUNIT.,$,.METRE.);
+#14=IFCSIUNIT(*,.AREAUNIT.,$,.SQUARE_METRE.);
+#15=IFCSIUNIT(*,.VOLUMEUNIT.,$,.CUBIC_METRE.);
+#16=IFCSIUNIT(*,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,$,.RADIAN.);
+#17=IFCMEASUREWITHUNIT(IFCPLANEANGLEMEASURE(0.017453292519943295),#16);
+#18=IFCCONVERSIONBASEDUNIT(#12,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,'DEGREE',#17);
+#19=IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#13,#14,#15,#18));
+#20=IFCPROJECT('2vkoo0S6v3aAjfXGqO53jc',#5,'',$,$,$,$,(#11),#19);
+#21=IFCSITE('38g3sdgbL868QK_pdOKelv',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$,$,$);
+#22=IFCRELAGGREGATES('0U$MQTphzE4ugY6NDdnrzm',#5,$,$,#20,(#21));
+#23=IFCBUILDING('3SiDl_UrLB6hQTs7oqkR7j',#5,$,$,$,$,#31,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$);
+#24=IFCRELAGGREGATES('3fbcwCFt19qeVeN56Xb6DJ',#5,$,$,#21,(#23));
+#25=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.));
+#26=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((20.,0.));
+#27=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((20.,20.));
+#28=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,20.));
+#29=IFCPOLYLINE((#25,#26,#27,#28,#25));
+#30=IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#11,'FootPrint','Axis2D',(#29));
+#31=IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($,$,(#30));
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/gem005/fail-gem005-scenario01-no_representation.ifc b/test/files/gem005/fail-gem005-scenario01-no_representation.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78cabe40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/gem005/fail-gem005-scenario01-no_representation.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION(('ViewDefinition [CoordinationView]'),'2;1');
+FILE_NAME('','2023-09-20T19:11:03',(''),(''),'IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3'));
+ENDSEC;
+DATA;
+#1=IFCPERSON($,$,'',$,$,$,$,$);
+#2=IFCORGANIZATION($,'',$,$,$);
+#3=IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#1,#2,$);
+#4=IFCAPPLICATION(#2,'v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+#5=IFCOWNERHISTORY(#3,#4,$,.ADDED.,$,#3,#4,1695237063);
+#6=IFCDIRECTION((1.,0.,0.));
+#7=IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,1.));
+#8=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.,0.));
+#9=IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#8,#7,#6);
+#10=IFCDIRECTION((0.,1.));
+#11=IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($,'Model',3,1.E-05,#9,#10);
+#12=IFCDIMENSIONALEXPONENTS(0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+#13=IFCSIUNIT(*,.LENGTHUNIT.,$,.METRE.);
+#14=IFCSIUNIT(*,.AREAUNIT.,$,.SQUARE_METRE.);
+#15=IFCSIUNIT(*,.VOLUMEUNIT.,$,.CUBIC_METRE.);
+#16=IFCSIUNIT(*,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,$,.RADIAN.);
+#17=IFCMEASUREWITHUNIT(IFCPLANEANGLEMEASURE(0.017453292519943295),#16);
+#18=IFCCONVERSIONBASEDUNIT(#12,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,'DEGREE',#17);
+#19=IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#13,#14,#15,#18));
+#20=IFCPROJECT('2jYHPIYljDhgGg9eoN2Xor',#5,'',$,$,$,$,(#11),#19);
+#21=IFCSITE('2e4KKIKvz2mviaIzPKSL7Y',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$,$,$);
+#22=IFCRELAGGREGATES('07yQLhcYH3K8T1kD3qUsJi',#5,$,$,#20,(#21));
+#23=IFCBUILDING('3$1ujW6An5cgazzmmx2rkS',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$);
+#24=IFCRELAGGREGATES('1stRKPw6X8_BVdHzxPJRyN',#5,$,$,#21,(#23));
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/gem005/generate.py b/test/files/gem005/generate.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76da3818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/gem005/generate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+import ifcopenshell
+import ifcopenshell.template
+
+for validity, case in [
+    ("pass", "body"),
+    ("pass", "contain"),
+    ("pass", "aggregate"),
+    ("fail", "no-representation"),
+    ("fail", "footprint"),
+]:
+
+    f = ifcopenshell.template.create(schema_identifier="IFC2X3")
+    building_parent = proj = f.by_type("IfcProject")[0]
+    owner = f.by_type("IfcOwnerHistory")[0]
+    owner.ChangeAction = "ADDED"
+
+    site = f.createIfcSite(
+        ifcopenshell.guid.new(),
+        owner,
+        CompositionType="ELEMENT",
+    )
+
+    f.createIfcRelAggregates(
+        ifcopenshell.guid.new(), owner, RelatingObject=proj, RelatedObjects=[site]
+    )
+
+    building = f.createIfcBuilding(
+        ifcopenshell.guid.new(),
+        owner,
+        CompositionType="ELEMENT",
+    )
+
+    f.createIfcRelAggregates(
+        ifcopenshell.guid.new(), owner, RelatingObject=site, RelatedObjects=[building]
+    )
+
+    if case == "body":
+        building.Representation = f.createIfcProductDefinitionShape(
+            Representations=[
+                f.createIfcShapeRepresentation(
+                    f.by_type("IfcGeometricRepresentationContext")[0],
+                    "Body",
+                    "SweptSolid",
+                    [
+                        f.createIfcExtrudedAreaSolid(
+                            f.createIfcRectangleProfileDef(
+                                "AREA",
+                                None,
+                                f.createIfcAxis2Placement2D(
+                                    f.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0))
+                                ),
+                                20.0,
+                                20.0,
+                            ),
+                            f.createIfcAxis2Placement3D(
+                                f.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0, 0.0))
+                            ),
+                            f.createIfcDirection((0.0, 0.0, 1.0)),
+                            20.0,
+                        )
+                    ],
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+    elif case == "footprint":
+        poly = f.createIfcPolyline(
+            (
+                f.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 0.0)),
+                f.createIfcCartesianPoint((20.0, 0.0)),
+                f.createIfcCartesianPoint((20.0, 20.0)),
+                f.createIfcCartesianPoint((0.0, 20.0)),
+            )
+        )
+        poly[0] += (poly[0][0],)
+        building.Representation = f.createIfcProductDefinitionShape(
+            Representations=[
+                f.createIfcShapeRepresentation(
+                    f.by_type("IfcGeometricRepresentationContext")[0],
+                    "FootPrint",
+                    "Axis2D",
+                    [poly],
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+    elif case == "contain":
+        beam = f.createIfcBeam(ifcopenshell.guid.new(), owner)
+        f.createIfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure(
+            ifcopenshell.guid.new(), owner, None, None, [beam], building
+        )
+    elif case == "aggregate":
+        storey = f.createIfcBuildingStorey(
+            ifcopenshell.guid.new(),
+            owner,
+            CompositionType="ELEMENT",
+        )
+        f.createIfcRelAggregates(
+            ifcopenshell.guid.new(),
+            owner,
+            RelatingObject=building,
+            RelatedObjects=[storey],
+        )
+
+    failing_scenario = ""
+    if validity == "fail":
+        failing_scenario = "scenario01-"
+    f.write(f"{validity}-gem005-{failing_scenario}{case.replace('-', '_')}.ifc")
diff --git a/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-aggregate.ifc b/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-aggregate.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..971434b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-aggregate.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION(('ViewDefinition [CoordinationView]'),'2;1');
+FILE_NAME('','2023-09-20T19:11:03',(''),(''),'IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3'));
+ENDSEC;
+DATA;
+#1=IFCPERSON($,$,'',$,$,$,$,$);
+#2=IFCORGANIZATION($,'',$,$,$);
+#3=IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#1,#2,$);
+#4=IFCAPPLICATION(#2,'v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+#5=IFCOWNERHISTORY(#3,#4,$,.ADDED.,$,#3,#4,1695237063);
+#6=IFCDIRECTION((1.,0.,0.));
+#7=IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,1.));
+#8=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.,0.));
+#9=IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#8,#7,#6);
+#10=IFCDIRECTION((0.,1.));
+#11=IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($,'Model',3,1.E-05,#9,#10);
+#12=IFCDIMENSIONALEXPONENTS(0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+#13=IFCSIUNIT(*,.LENGTHUNIT.,$,.METRE.);
+#14=IFCSIUNIT(*,.AREAUNIT.,$,.SQUARE_METRE.);
+#15=IFCSIUNIT(*,.VOLUMEUNIT.,$,.CUBIC_METRE.);
+#16=IFCSIUNIT(*,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,$,.RADIAN.);
+#17=IFCMEASUREWITHUNIT(IFCPLANEANGLEMEASURE(0.017453292519943295),#16);
+#18=IFCCONVERSIONBASEDUNIT(#12,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,'DEGREE',#17);
+#19=IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#13,#14,#15,#18));
+#20=IFCPROJECT('1ub2BiUrX47Ph8An4_oNjl',#5,'',$,$,$,$,(#11),#19);
+#21=IFCSITE('3FPPxnSv5C08ZVvBGcA9IW',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$,$,$);
+#22=IFCRELAGGREGATES('0J93SG7u57x9isBUAs8x0f',#5,$,$,#20,(#21));
+#23=IFCBUILDING('0ytUojdGX73fLDFVxSuc$8',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$);
+#24=IFCRELAGGREGATES('3ALm77R2H8VRvXFtrvyiXo',#5,$,$,#21,(#23));
+#25=IFCBUILDINGSTOREY('3ze$6Xr5LEwAkcB6VuPxAr',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$);
+#26=IFCRELAGGREGATES('2x92EoU5P1nPfcaJYJDGoc',#5,$,$,#23,(#25));
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-body.ifc b/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-body.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2aa0b0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-body.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION(('ViewDefinition [CoordinationView]'),'2;1');
+FILE_NAME('','2023-09-20T19:11:03',(''),(''),'IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3'));
+ENDSEC;
+DATA;
+#1=IFCPERSON($,$,'',$,$,$,$,$);
+#2=IFCORGANIZATION($,'',$,$,$);
+#3=IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#1,#2,$);
+#4=IFCAPPLICATION(#2,'v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+#5=IFCOWNERHISTORY(#3,#4,$,.ADDED.,$,#3,#4,1695237063);
+#6=IFCDIRECTION((1.,0.,0.));
+#7=IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,1.));
+#8=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.,0.));
+#9=IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#8,#7,#6);
+#10=IFCDIRECTION((0.,1.));
+#11=IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($,'Model',3,1.E-05,#9,#10);
+#12=IFCDIMENSIONALEXPONENTS(0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+#13=IFCSIUNIT(*,.LENGTHUNIT.,$,.METRE.);
+#14=IFCSIUNIT(*,.AREAUNIT.,$,.SQUARE_METRE.);
+#15=IFCSIUNIT(*,.VOLUMEUNIT.,$,.CUBIC_METRE.);
+#16=IFCSIUNIT(*,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,$,.RADIAN.);
+#17=IFCMEASUREWITHUNIT(IFCPLANEANGLEMEASURE(0.017453292519943295),#16);
+#18=IFCCONVERSIONBASEDUNIT(#12,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,'DEGREE',#17);
+#19=IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#13,#14,#15,#18));
+#20=IFCPROJECT('20LlEYg5D1ERA7Bh_53DI_',#5,'',$,$,$,$,(#11),#19);
+#21=IFCSITE('0ie$bpOszCUgyIh5OXWXsG',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$,$,$);
+#22=IFCRELAGGREGATES('2JPb$q1dPCpBGLb2SYvRVr',#5,$,$,#20,(#21));
+#23=IFCBUILDING('3qEEBpFm16UBTLeLB$yPTY',#5,$,$,$,$,#33,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$);
+#24=IFCRELAGGREGATES('3N6QCZZqr4xBkcDTiNPpEs',#5,$,$,#21,(#23));
+#25=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.));
+#26=IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT2D(#25,$);
+#27=IFCRECTANGLEPROFILEDEF(.AREA.,$,#26,20.,20.);
+#28=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.,0.));
+#29=IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#28,$,$);
+#30=IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,1.));
+#31=IFCEXTRUDEDAREASOLID(#27,#29,#30,20.);
+#32=IFCSHAPEREPRESENTATION(#11,'Body','SweptSolid',(#31));
+#33=IFCPRODUCTDEFINITIONSHAPE($,$,(#32));
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;
diff --git a/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-contain.ifc b/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-contain.ifc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45f9a879
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/gem005/pass-gem005-contain.ifc
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+ISO-10303-21;
+HEADER;
+FILE_DESCRIPTION(('ViewDefinition [CoordinationView]'),'2;1');
+FILE_NAME('','2023-09-20T19:11:03',(''),(''),'IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+FILE_SCHEMA(('IFC2X3'));
+ENDSEC;
+DATA;
+#1=IFCPERSON($,$,'',$,$,$,$,$);
+#2=IFCORGANIZATION($,'',$,$,$);
+#3=IFCPERSONANDORGANIZATION(#1,#2,$);
+#4=IFCAPPLICATION(#2,'v0.7.0-64d98f129','IfcOpenShell-v0.7.0-64d98f129','');
+#5=IFCOWNERHISTORY(#3,#4,$,.ADDED.,$,#3,#4,1695237063);
+#6=IFCDIRECTION((1.,0.,0.));
+#7=IFCDIRECTION((0.,0.,1.));
+#8=IFCCARTESIANPOINT((0.,0.,0.));
+#9=IFCAXIS2PLACEMENT3D(#8,#7,#6);
+#10=IFCDIRECTION((0.,1.));
+#11=IFCGEOMETRICREPRESENTATIONCONTEXT($,'Model',3,1.E-05,#9,#10);
+#12=IFCDIMENSIONALEXPONENTS(0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+#13=IFCSIUNIT(*,.LENGTHUNIT.,$,.METRE.);
+#14=IFCSIUNIT(*,.AREAUNIT.,$,.SQUARE_METRE.);
+#15=IFCSIUNIT(*,.VOLUMEUNIT.,$,.CUBIC_METRE.);
+#16=IFCSIUNIT(*,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,$,.RADIAN.);
+#17=IFCMEASUREWITHUNIT(IFCPLANEANGLEMEASURE(0.017453292519943295),#16);
+#18=IFCCONVERSIONBASEDUNIT(#12,.PLANEANGLEUNIT.,'DEGREE',#17);
+#19=IFCUNITASSIGNMENT((#13,#14,#15,#18));
+#20=IFCPROJECT('2rHCjlXu5BLPQy1801R7qY',#5,'',$,$,$,$,(#11),#19);
+#21=IFCSITE('00gZeZJ3T46OIHYIJfI4y6',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$,$,$);
+#22=IFCRELAGGREGATES('2dSNVxkyTCVBgpJIAjWCWe',#5,$,$,#20,(#21));
+#23=IFCBUILDING('0lTyQdQJ1EAPMwA2lfog$t',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$,.ELEMENT.,$,$,$);
+#24=IFCRELAGGREGATES('1LBvgWU1D38BJBvmmMM4MT',#5,$,$,#21,(#23));
+#25=IFCBEAM('2fTXsg43LD2vdsN8UYcrZY',#5,$,$,$,$,$,$);
+#26=IFCRELCONTAINEDINSPATIALSTRUCTURE('3P4Z3tTSn4KQxaiql9FTnk',#5,$,$,(#25),#23);
+ENDSEC;
+END-ISO-10303-21;