references.bib

@article{lan2022,
  title = {Daily Space-Time Activities, Multiple Environmental Exposures, and Anxiety Symptoms: {{A}} Cross-Sectional Mobile Phone-Based Sensing Study},
  shorttitle = {Daily Space-Time Activities, Multiple Environmental Exposures, and Anxiety Symptoms},
  author = {Lan, Yuliang and Roberts, Hannah and Kwan, Mei-Po and Helbich, Marco},
  year = {2022},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
  volume = {834},
  pages = {155276},
  issn = {0048-9697},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155276},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  abstract = {Background Few mobility-based studies have investigated the associations between multiple environmental exposures, including social exposures, and mental health. Objective To assess how exposure to green space, blue space, noise, air pollution, and crowdedness along people's daily mobility paths are associated with anxiety symptoms. Methods 358 participants were cross-sectionally tracked with Global Positioning System (GPS)-enabled mobile phones. Anxiety symptoms were measured at baseline using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Green space, blue space, noise, and air pollution were assessed based on concentric buffers of 50 m and 100 m around each GPS point. Crowdedness was measured by the number of nearby Bluetooth-enabled devices detected along the mobility paths. Multiple linear regressions with full covariate adjustment were fitted to examine anxiety-environmental exposures associations. Random forest models were applied to explore possible nonlinear associations and exposure interactions. Results Regression results showed null linear associations between GAD-7 scores and environmental exposures. Random forest models indicated that GAD-7-environment associations varied nonlinearly with exposure levels. We found a negative association between green space and GAD-7 scores only for participants with moderate green space exposure. We observed a positive association between GAD-7 scores and noise levels above 60 dB and air pollution concentrations above 17.2 {$\mu$}g m-3. Crowdedness was positively associated with GAD-7 scores, but exposure-response functions flattened out with pronounced crowdedness of {$>$}7.5. Blue space tended to be positively associated with GAD-7 scores. Random forest models ranked environmental exposures as more important to explain GAD-7 scores than linear models. Conclusions Our findings indicate possible nonlinear associations between mobility-based environmental exposures and anxiety symptoms. More studies are needed to obtain an in-depth understanding of underlying anxiety-environment mechanisms during daily life.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Anxiety,Daily mobility,Environmental exposures,Mental health,Smartphones},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/KDF27DGQ/Lan et al. - 2022 - Daily space-time activities, multiple environmenta.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/ISPTWMLZ/S0048969722023695.html}
}

@article{mackett2021,
  title = {Mental Health and Travel Behaviour},
  author = {Mackett, Roger L.},
  year = {2021},
  month = sep,
  journal = {Journal of Transport \& Health},
  volume = {22},
  pages = {101143},
  issn = {2214-1405},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jth.2021.101143},
  urldate = {2023-02-14},
  abstract = {Introduction Travel requires various skills such as concentration, interpretation of information, and the confidence to take decisions and interact with other people. Mental illness can affect these skills and so cause barriers to travel. These issues are explored in this paper using the results from a cross-sectional on-line survey. Methods The survey focussed on domestic travel. The link to the survey was distributed by eighteen mental health or transport organizations and three individuals through social media, newsletters and websites. Weightings were applied to make the results more representative of the national population with mental health conditions. Results 89\% of the respondents had anxiety and 76\% were depressed. The biggest cause of anxiety was interacting with fellow travellers, both in terms of how they behaved and how the respondents felt that others perceived them. The second main cause of anxiety was needing support when travelling, both feeling out of control and requiring help from other people. Having to feel in control reflected another cause of anxiety: having to take action in an unfamiliar environment, because the method of travel has failed or because of the need to find suitable toilet facilities. Wayfinding caused anxiety in terms of feelings of disorientation, being lost and having to find the way. The fifth area of anxiety revolved around interacting with staff such as bus drivers and buying tickets. A high proportion of respondents had fluctuations in their health condition from day to day that meant that sometimes they could not leave home. Many of them were unable to commit to buying rail tickets in advance. Conclusions People with mental health conditions have difficulty travelling because of various barriers that they face. Changes such as clearer, comprehensive travel information, better-designed buses, trains and infrastructure and quieter, calmer, less crowded journeys would enable them to travel more.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Accessibility,Anxiety,bus,Mental health,Train,Travel},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/8Z7C2CKT/Mackett - 2021 - Mental health and travel behaviour.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/2H4LEKLF/S2214140521001730.html}
}

@article{friman2017,
  title = {How Does Travel Affect Emotional Well-Being and Life Satisfaction?},
  author = {Friman, Margareta and G{\"a}rling, Tommy and Ettema, Dick and Olsson, Lars E.},
  year = {2017},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume = {106},
  pages = {170--180},
  issn = {0965-8564},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2017.09.024},
  urldate = {2023-02-14},
  abstract = {Previous research has investigated satisfaction with work commutes. We extend this research by investigating whether satisfaction with all daily travel (including work commutes, school, leisure, and shopping trips) is related to life satisfaction and emotional well-being. A random sample of 367 participants was recruited from three urban areas in Sweden (Karlstad, G{\"o}teborg, and Stockholm) varying from a small (appr. 90,000 residents) through a medium (appr. 550,000 residents) to a large population size (appr. 925,000 residents). In a questionnaire the participants reported retrospectively their satisfaction with all daily travel, life satisfaction, and emotional well-being. Direct and indirect effects of travel satisfaction on life satisfaction and emotional well-being were analysed with PLS-SEM. Results showed that satisfaction with daily travel directly influences emotional well-being and both directly and indirectly life satisfaction. It is also found that driving and active modes have more positive effects than public transport.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Daily travel,Emotional well-being,Life satisfaction,Satisfaction with travel},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/G3UAZYVD/Friman et al. - 2017 - How does travel affect emotional well-being and li.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/9F6I36A6/S0965856416305699.html}
}

@article{mackett2022,
  title = {Gender, Mental Health and Travel},
  author = {Mackett, Roger L.},
  year = {2022},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Transportation},
  volume = {49},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1891--1920},
  issn = {1572-9435},
  doi = {10.1007/s11116-021-10231-2},
  urldate = {2023-02-14},
  abstract = {This paper examines gender differences in travel behaviour by people with mental health conditions based on the results of an on-line survey. Responses from 363 people have been weighted by figures from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2014 to make them representative of the population with mental illness in England. The evidence from the surveys presented in this paper shows that more women than men have panic attacks, but that more men than women have communication difficulties. More women than men are prevented by their mental health condition from leaving home, using bus, rail and metro and from buying rail tickets in advance. Significantly more women than men suffered from the following anxieties when travelling: the need for support, wayfinding, interacting with fellow travellers and concerns about the failure of the bus, train or car. For women, the greatest need seems to be policies and actions that will increase their confidence when travelling such as access to staff when assistance is required and clear information when travelling, plus the opportunity to receive travel training. More men than women wanted improvements to the travelling environment, such as less clutter on the street. Summing up, implementing improvements to increase confidence when travelling could help to reduce gender inequalities.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Anxiety,Gender,Mental health,Panic attacks,Travel,Wayfinding},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/LX6EN8PC/Mackett - 2022 - Gender, mental health and travel.pdf}
}

@article{syahputri2022,
  title = {Effect of Travel Satisfaction and Heterogeneity of Activity-Travel Patterns of Other Persons in the Household on Social and Mental Health: {{The}} Case of {{Bandung Metropolitan}} Area},
  shorttitle = {Effect of Travel Satisfaction and Heterogeneity of Activity-Travel Patterns of Other Persons in the Household on Social and Mental Health},
  author = {Syahputri, Jeanly and Dharmowijoyo, Dimas B. E. and Basuki Joewono, Tri and Rizki, Muhamad},
  year = {2022},
  month = dec,
  journal = {Case Studies on Transport Policy},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {2111--2124},
  issn = {2213-624X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cstp.2022.09.005},
  urldate = {2023-02-14},
  abstract = {Travel satisfaction (TS) is used in this study as a proxy for subjective well-being in the travel domain, which is hypothesised to mediate the relationship between the activity--travel pattern and health variables. Moreover, multilevel modelling with instrumental variables is used, so that the heterogeneity of other household members' activity--travel patterns can be included. Considering the heterogeneity effects of other household members, this study shows that TS has a positive correlation with both social health (SH) and mental health (MH). The model shows that those who stay at home and work or study longer tend to have a high TS, and in turn high SH and MH. It can be understood that people who have longer time commitments to obligatory activities appreciate their trips more because they are observed to have the lowest MH conditions. Longer times spent on studying and working and in-home activities are indicated to limit people's participation with other household members, which in turn correlates with low MH. Any efforts to undertake more travel for those who have more commitments at home and in the workplace can result in better TS and in turn SH and MH. This study confirms that more regular daily activity--travel patterns with regular breaks from obligatory activities are observed to correspond to better MH. More regular daily activity--travel patterns of other household members can make individuals organise their own more regular activity--travel patterns, which correlates with better SH and MH.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Activity-travel patterns,Daily travel satisfaction,Mental health,Social health},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/HI392D9J/S2213624X22001742.html}
}

@article{hoisington2019,
  title = {Ten Questions Concerning the Built Environment and Mental Health},
  author = {Hoisington, Andrew J. and {Stearns-Yoder}, Kelly A. and Schuldt, Steven J. and Beemer, Cody J. and Maestre, Juan P. and Kinney, Kerry A. and Postolache, Teodor T. and Lowry, Christopher A. and Brenner, Lisa A.},
  year = {2019},
  month = may,
  journal = {Building and Environment},
  volume = {155},
  pages = {58--69},
  issn = {0360-1323},
  doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.03.036},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  abstract = {Most people spend the majority of their lives indoors. Research over the last thirty years has focused on investigating the mechanisms through which specific elements of the built environment, such as indoor air quality, influence the physical health of occupants. However, similar effort has not been expended in regard to mental health, a significant public health concern. One in five Americans has been diagnosed with a mental health disorder in the past year, and, in the United States, the number of suicide deaths are similar to the number of deaths due to breast cancer. Increases in mental health disorders in Western societies may be due, in part, to increased systemic inflammation, secondary to decreased exposures to a diverse microbial environment (i.e., the hygiene hypothesis, ``Old Friends'' hypothesis, ``missing microbes'' hypothesis, or biodiversity hypothesis), as well as increased environmental exposures that lead to chronic low-grade inflammation. In this review, we provide an assessment that integrates historical research across disciplines. We offer ten questions that highlight the importance of current lessons learned regarding the built environment and mental health, including a potential role for the microbiome of the built environment to influence mental health. Suggested areas for future investigation are also highlighted.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Built environment,Indoor air quality,Mental health,Microbiome},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/T2IRRRTN/Hoisington et al. - 2019 - Ten questions concerning the built environment and.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/BRUW2GJ4/S0360132319301982.html}
}

@article{gascon2018,
  title = {Long-Term Exposure to Residential Green and Blue Spaces and Anxiety and Depression in Adults: {{A}} Cross-Sectional Study},
  shorttitle = {Long-Term Exposure to Residential Green and Blue Spaces and Anxiety and Depression in Adults},
  author = {Gascon, Mireia and {S{\'a}nchez-Benavides}, Gonzalo and Dadvand, Payam and Mart{\'i}nez, David and Gramunt, Nina and Gotsens, Xavier and Cirach, Marta and Vert, Cristina and Molinuevo, Jos{\'e} Luis and {Crous-Bou}, Marta and Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark},
  year = {2018},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Environmental Research},
  volume = {162},
  pages = {231--239},
  issn = {0013-9351},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.012},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  abstract = {Background Although exposure to natural outdoor environments has been consistently associated with improved perceived general health, available evidence on a protective association between this exposure and specific mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety is still limited. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces on anxiety and depression and intake of related medication. Additionally, we aimed to explore potential mediators and effect modifiers of this association. Methods The study was based on an existing adult cohort (ALFA -- Alzheimer and Families) and includes 958 adult participants from Barcelona recruited in 2013--2014. For each participant residential green and blue exposure indicators [surrounding greenness (NDVI), amount of green (land-cover) and access to major green spaces and blue spaces] were generated for different buffers (100m, 300m and 500m). Participants reported their history of doctor-diagnosed anxiety and depressive disorders and intake of related medication. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the corresponding associations. Results Increasing surrounding greenness was associated with reduced odds of self-reported history of benzodiazepines [e.g. Odds ratio - OR (95\%CI) = 0.62 (0.43, 0.89) for 1-interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI in a 300m buffer] and access to major green spaces was associated with self-reported history of depression [OR (95\%CI) = 0.18 (0.06, 0.58)]. No statistically significant associations were observed with blue spaces. Air pollution (between 0.8\% and 29.6\%) and noise (between 2.2\% and 5.3\%) mediated a proportion of the associations observed, whereas physical activity and social support played a minor role. Conclusion Our findings suggest a potential protective role of green spaces on mental health (depression and anxiety) in adults, but further studies, especially longitudinal studies, are needed to provide further evidence of these benefits and of the mediation role of exposures like air pollution and noise.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Air pollution,Anxiety,Blue spaces,Depression,Green spaces,Mental health,Physical activity,Social support},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/JQNKP5UK/Gascon et al. - 2018 - Long-term exposure to residential green and blue s.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/AV8NJ5GT/S0013935118300124.html}
}

@article{rautio2018,
  title = {Living Environment and Its Relationship to Depressive Mood: {{A}} Systematic Review},
  shorttitle = {Living Environment and Its Relationship to Depressive Mood},
  author = {Rautio, Nina and Filatova, Svetlana and Lehtiniemi, Heli and Miettunen, Jouko},
  year = {2018},
  month = feb,
  journal = {International Journal of Social Psychiatry},
  volume = {64},
  number = {1},
  pages = {92--103},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
  issn = {0020-7640},
  doi = {10.1177/0020764017744582},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  abstract = {Background and aims:The notion that environment affects mental health has a long history; in this systematic review, we aimed to study whether the living environment is related to depressive mood.Methods:We searched databases of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for population-based original studies prior to October 2016. We included studies that measured depressive symptoms or depression and had measures of urbanization, population density, aesthetics of living environment, house/built environment, green areas, walkability, noise, air pollution or services.Results:Out of 1,578 articles found, 44 studies met our inclusion criteria. Manual searches of the references yielded 13 articles, resulting in 57 articles being included in the systematic review. Most of the studies showed statistically significant associations with at least one of the characteristics of living environment and depressive mood. House and built environment with, for example, poor housing quality and non-functioning, lack of green areas, noise and air pollution were more clearly related to depressive mood even after adjustment for different individual characteristics. On the contrary, the results in relation to population density, aesthetics and walkability of living environment, and availability of services and depressive mood were more inconsistent.Conclusion:Adverse house/built environment, including poor housing quality and non-functioning, lack of green spaces, noise and air pollution are related to depressive mood and should be taken into account during planning in order to prevent depressive mood.},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/NRBIH3UH/Rautio et al. - 2018 - Living environment and its relationship to depress.pdf}
}

@article{pelgrims2021,
  title = {Association between Urban Environment and Mental Health in {{Brussels}}, {{Belgium}}},
  author = {Pelgrims, Ingrid and Devleesschauwer, Brecht and Guyot, Madeleine and Keune, Hans and Nawrot, Tim S. and Remmen, Roy and Saenen, Nelly D. and Trabelsi, Sonia and Thomas, Isabelle and Aerts, Raf and De Clercq, Eva M.},
  year = {2021},
  month = apr,
  journal = {BMC Public Health},
  volume = {21},
  number = {1},
  pages = {635},
  issn = {1471-2458},
  doi = {10.1186/s12889-021-10557-7},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  abstract = {Mental health disorders appear as a growing problem in urban areas. While common mental health disorders are generally linked to demographic and socioeconomic factors, little is known about the interaction with the urban environment. With growing urbanization, more and more people are exposed to environmental stressors potentially contributing to increased stress and impairing mental health. It is therefore important to identify features of the urban environment that affect the mental health of city dwellers. The aim of this study was to define associations of combined long-term exposure to air pollution, noise, surrounding green at different scales, and building morphology with several dimensions of mental health in Brussels.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Air pollution,Building morphology,Environmental epidemiology,Green space,Mental health,Noise},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/K4694HIL/Pelgrims et al. - 2021 - Association between urban environment and mental h.pdf}
}

@article{loades2020,
  title = {Rapid Systematic Review: {{The}} Impact of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents in the Context of {{COVID-19}}},
  shorttitle = {Rapid {{Systematic Review}}},
  author = {Loades, Maria Elizabeth and Chatburn, Eleanor and {Higson-Sweeney}, Nina and Reynolds, Shirley and Shafran, Roz and Brigden, Amberly and Linney, Catherine and McManus, Megan Niamh and Borwick, Catherine and Crawley, Esther},
  year = {2020},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry},
  volume = {59},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1218-1239.e3},
  issn = {0890-8567},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009},
  urldate = {2023-02-28},
  abstract = {Objective Disease containment of COVID-19 has necessitated widespread social isolation. We aimed to establish what is known about how loneliness and disease containment measures impact on the mental health in children and adolescents. Method For this rapid review, we searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and Web of Science for articles published between January 1, 1946, and March 29, 2020. Of the articles, 20\% were double screened using predefined criteria, and 20\% of data was double extracted for quality assurance. Results A total of 83 articles (80 studies) met inclusion criteria. Of these, 63 studies reported on the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of previously healthy children and adolescents (n~= 51,576; mean age 15.3 years). In all, 61 studies were observational, 18 were longitudinal, and 43 were cross-sectional studies assessing self-reported loneliness in healthy children and adolescents. One of these studies was a retrospective investigation after a pandemic. Two studies evaluated interventions. Studies had a high risk of bias, although longitudinal studies were of better methodological quality. Social isolation and loneliness increased the risk of depression, and possibly anxiety at the time at which loneliness was measured and between 0.25 and 9 years later. Duration of loneliness was more strongly correlated with mental health symptoms than intensity of loneliness. Conclusion Children and adolescents are probably more likely to experience high rates of depression and most likely anxiety during and after enforced isolation ends. This may increase as enforced isolation continues. Clinical services should offer preventive support and early intervention where possible and be prepared for an increase in mental health problems.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {COVID-19,disease containment,loneliness,mental health,pandemic},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/CFQG863E/Loades et al. - 2020 - Rapid Systematic Review The Impact of Social Isol.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/PUHIZBNI/S0890856720303373.html}
}

@article{stanley2011,
  title = {Mobility, Social Exclusion and Well-Being: {{Exploring}} the Links},
  shorttitle = {Mobility, Social Exclusion and Well-Being},
  author = {Stanley, John K. and Hensher, David A. and Stanley, Janet R. and {Vella-Brodrick}, Dianne},
  year = {2011},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume = {45},
  number = {8},
  pages = {789--801},
  issn = {0965-8564},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2011.06.007},
  urldate = {2023-02-24},
  abstract = {Building on a growing research foundation, transport policy makers have begun to associate the ability to be mobile with having a role in the facilitation of social inclusion. However, the further connection to well-being is not as well understood. This paper explores the association between a person's travel patterns, their risk of social exclusion and self-assessed well-being. Key influences on social exclusion are discussed, with trip making emerging as a significant influence. Trip making is not a significant direct influence on well-being but does exercise an indirect influence through the impact on risk of social exclusion. The modelling process enables a value for additional trips to be estimated, the value being about four times the values derived from conventional generated traffic approaches. Similar high values are found in separate metropolitan and regional case studies, confirming the significance of the results.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Mobility,Social exclusion,Transport disadvantage,User benefits,Well-being},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/ICEJKMED/Stanley et al. - 2011 - Mobility, social exclusion and well-being Explori.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/HIHUURCG/S0965856411001005.html}
}

@article{delbosc2011,
  title = {Exploring the Relative Influences of Transport Disadvantage and Social Exclusion on Well-Being},
  author = {Delbosc, Alexa and Currie, Graham},
  year = {2011},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Transport Policy},
  volume = {18},
  number = {4},
  pages = {555--562},
  issn = {0967-070X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.01.011},
  urldate = {2023-02-24},
  abstract = {This paper explores the separate and combined effects of transport disadvantage and social exclusion on well-being using an empirical analysis of data from a travel and disadvantage survey in Victoria, Australia. Previous research explores the impact of transport on social exclusion but does not study the downstream impacts on well-being. To explore this relationship measures of subjective well-being are compared across four groups: (i) people who are neither transport disadvantaged nor socially excluded, (ii) transport disadvantaged only, (iii) socially excluded only and (iv) both transport disadvantaged and socially excluded. The paper explores which component aspects of social exclusion and transport disadvantage have the greatest impact on well-being and which social groups are most likely to face transport disadvantage and social exclusion together. The paper concludes with a commentary on how the findings might be used to better target policy interventions meant to improve well-being.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Social exclusion,Transport disadvantage,Well-being},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/V3UUVY4V/Delbosc and Currie - 2011 - Exploring the relative influences of transport dis.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/S3TUR7CC/S0967070X11000242.html}
}

@article{pouso2021,
  title = {Contact with Blue-Green Spaces during the {{COVID-19}} Pandemic Lockdown Beneficial for Mental Health},
  author = {Pouso, Sarai and Borja, {\'A}ngel and Fleming, Lora E. and {G{\'o}mez-Baggethun}, Erik and White, Mathew P. and Uyarra, Mar{\'i}a C.},
  year = {2021},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
  volume = {756},
  pages = {143984},
  issn = {0048-9697},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143984},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  abstract = {There is growing evidence that ecosystem services and especially the exposure to the natural world (blue-green spaces) have potential benefits for mental health and well-being. The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures adopted to control it provide a natural experiment to investigate the links between nature exposure and mental health under extreme conditions. Using a survey distributed online, we tested the following hypotheses: 1) People will show greater symptoms of depression and anxiety under lockdown conditions that did not allow contact with outdoor nature spaces; 2) Where access to public outdoor nature spaces was strictly restricted, (2a) those with green/blue nature view or (2b) access to private outdoor spaces such as a garden or balcony will show fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and a more positive mood. Based on 5218 responses from 9 countries, we found that lockdown severity significantly affected mental health, while contact with nature helped people to cope with these impacts, especially for those under strict lockdown. People under strict lockdown in Spain (3403 responses), perceived that nature helped them to cope with lockdown measures; and emotions were more positive among individuals with accessible outdoor spaces and blue-green elements in their views. These findings can help decision-makers in developing potential future lockdown measures to mitigate the negative impacts, helping people to be more resilient and maintain better mental health, using the benefits that ecosystem services are providing us.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Anxiety,Depression,Ecosystem services,Green-blue infrastructure,nature's contributions to people},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/NXRT2LUX/Pouso et al. - 2021 - Contact with blue-green spaces during the COVID-19.pdf}
}

@article{white2021,
  title = {Associations between Green/Blue Spaces and Mental Health across 18 Countries},
  author = {White, Mathew P. and Elliott, Lewis R. and Grellier, James and Economou, Theo and Bell, Simon and Bratman, Gregory N. and Cirach, Marta and Gascon, Mireia and Lima, Maria L. and L{\~o}hmus, Mare and Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark and Ojala, Ann and Roiko, Anne and Schultz, P. Wesley and {van den Bosch}, Matilda and Fleming, Lora E.},
  year = {2021},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8903},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2045-2322},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-87675-0},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  abstract = {Living near, recreating in, and feeling psychologically connected to, the natural world are all associated with better mental health, but many exposure-related questions remain. Using data from an 18-country survey (n\,=\,16,307) we explored associations between multiple measures of mental health (positive well-being, mental distress, depression/anxiety medication use) and: (a) exposures (residential/recreational visits) to different natural settings (green/inland-blue/coastal-blue spaces); and (b) nature connectedness, across season and country. People who lived in greener/coastal neighbourhoods reported higher positive well-being, but this association largely disappeared when recreational visits were controlled for. Frequency of recreational visits to green, inland-blue, and coastal-blue spaces in the last 4~weeks were all positively associated with positive well-being and negatively associated with mental distress. Associations with green space visits were relatively consistent across seasons and countries but associations with blue space visits showed greater heterogeneity. Nature connectedness was also positively associated with positive well-being and negatively associated with mental distress and was, along with green space visits, associated with a lower likelihood of using medication for depression. By contrast inland-blue space visits were associated with a greater likelihood of using anxiety medication. Results highlight the benefits of multi-exposure, multi-response, multi-country studies in exploring complexity in nature-health associations.},
  copyright = {2021 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Environmental social sciences,Psychology},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/R88AYVEW/White et al. - 2021 - Associations between greenblue spaces and mental .pdf}
}

@article{gong2018,
  title = {Identification of Activity Stop Locations in {{GPS}} Trajectories by {{DBSCAN-TE}} Method Combined with Support Vector Machines},
  author = {Gong, Lei and Yamamoto, Toshiyuki and Morikawa, Takayuki},
  year = {2018},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Transportation Research Procedia},
  series = {Transport {{Survey Methods}} in the Era of Big Data:Facing the Challenges},
  volume = {32},
  pages = {146--154},
  issn = {2352-1465},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trpro.2018.10.028},
  urldate = {2023-10-13},
  abstract = {GPS sensors on smart phones facilitate collecting and analyzing spatial-temporal information of the phone holders. Before carrying further analysis on these data, splitting continuous GPS trajectories is necessary in data processing. This paper proposes a two-step methodology (a density-based clustering algorithm in the first step and SVMs (support vector machines) in the second step) to deal with GPS data without speed or acceleration features which are usually used as key attributes in the rule-based methodologies. Entropy is used as an updated constraint to remove the erroneously identified stopping points, which leads to 1.5\% improvement in the overall accuracy compared with an earlier version of the methodology. The output from the first step also make the SVMs have a better performance.},
  keywords = {separated by semicolons,Type your keywords here},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/TBTUGU2Z/Gong et al. - 2018 - Identification of activity stop locations in GPS t.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/SEC29RJJ/S2352146518301820.html}
}

@article{knuth1984,
  title = {Literate Programming},
  author = {Knuth, Donald E.},
  year = {1984},
  month = may,
  journal = {Computer Journal},
  volume = {27},
  number = {2},
  pages = {97--111},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press, Inc.},
  address = {USA},
  issn = {0010-4620},
  doi = {10.1093/comjnl/27.2.97},
  issue_date = {May 1984}
}

@article{mlogit,
  title = {Estimation of Random Utility Models in {{R}}: {{The}} {{mlogit}} Package},
  author = {Croissant, Yves},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
  volume = {95},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1--41},
  doi = {10.18637/jss.v095.i11}
}

@article{geurs2010,
  title = {Accessibility Appraisal of Land-Use/Transport Policy Strategies: {{More}} than Just Adding up Travel-Time Savings},
  author = {Geurs, Karst and Zondag, Barry and {de Jong}, Gerard and {de Bok}, Michiel},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment},
  volume = {15},
  number = {7},
  pages = {382--393},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2010.04.006}
}

@inproceedings{rogers2012,
  title = {Resistance and Resilience--Paradigms for Critical Local Infrastructure},
  author = {Rogers, Christopher DF and Bouch, Christopher J and Williams, Stephen and Barber, Austin RG and Baker, Christopher J and Bryson, John R and Chapman, David N and Chapman, Lee and Coaffee, Jon and Jefferson, Ian and others},
  year = {2012},
  volume = {165},
  pages = {73--83}
}

@article{engemann2019,
  title = {Residential Green Space in Childhood Is Associated with Lower Risk of Psychiatric Disorders from Adolescence into Adulthood},
  author = {Engemann, Kristine and Pedersen, Carsten B{\o}cker and Arge, Lars and Tsirogiannis, Constantinos and Mortensen, Preben Bo and Svenning, Jens-Christian},
  year = {2019-03-12, 2019-03},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  volume = {116},
  number = {11},
  pages = {5188--5193},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1807504116},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/VJSYUCUH/Engemann et al. - 2019 - Residential green space in childhood is associated.pdf}
}

@misc{zotero-1082,
  title = {Mental {{Health}} - {{PAHO}}/{{WHO}} {\textbar} {{Pan American Health Organization}}},
  urldate = {2024-01-17},
  abstract = {The World Health Organization (WHO) conceptualizes mental health as a ``state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community''. Mental disorders and psychoactive substance-related disorders are highly prevalent throughout the world and are major contributors to morbidity, disability, and premature mortality.},
  howpublished = {https://www.paho.org/en/topics/mental-health},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/ZFA4DQBW/mental-health.html}
}

@article{usyukov2017,
  title = {Methodology for Identifying Activities from {{GPS}} Data Streams},
  author = {Usyukov, Vladimir},
  year = {2017},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Procedia Computer Science},
  series = {8th {{International Conference}} on {{Ambient Systems}}, {{Networks}} and {{Technologies}}, {{ANT-2017}} and the 7th {{International Conference}} on {{Sustainable Energy Information Technology}}, {{SEIT}} 2017, 16-19 {{May}} 2017, {{Madeira}}, {{Portugal}}},
  volume = {109},
  pages = {10--17},
  issn = {1877-0509},
  doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2017.05.289},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  abstract = {When the global positioning system became available for civil uses in the early 1990s, there was an enthusiasm and anticipation that information stored in GPS data streams would replace the traditional data collection methods, especially in the transportation field. Despite the wealth of GPS surveys available to practitioners to work with, the existing studies have not made much progress to deliver models for identification of activities from GPS data streams. The lack of models for identifying activities prevents the reconstruction of activity patterns stored in GPS data streams. The present study proposes a methodology for the identification of activities using a rule-based and discrete choice modeling. This novel approach uses a rule-based model that implements the properties of home-based tours in the form of the feedback loop in order to allow identification of home activities. This model is inert to the presence of travel characteristics as it can be applied to most multi-day GPS data sets, and not just prompted recall surveys. In regard to the non-home activities, a discrete choice model is calibrated to Transportation Tomorrow Survey (TTS), for identification of work and other activities. The estimated results are positive, as they are compared against the TTS, and are consistent with the observed patterns.},
  keywords = {activity identification,discrete choice modeling,GPS/GLONASS data,home-based tours,travel demand modeling},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/V6MFW28G/S1877050917309468.html}
}

@article{lee2014,
  title = {Exploring the {{Usefulness}} of a {{Decision Tree}} in {{Predicting People}}'s {{Locations}}},
  author = {Lee, Jae Sung and Lee, Eun Sung},
  year = {2014},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences},
  series = {2nd {{World Conference}} on {{Psychology}} and {{Sociology}}, {{PSYSOC}} 2013, 27-29 {{November}} 2013, {{Brussels}}, {{Belgium}}},
  volume = {140},
  pages = {447--451},
  issn = {1877-0428},
  doi = {10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.451},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  abstract = {Location prediction has been investigated by many researchers. However, there are few studies that explore the relationship between human activities and location. This paper proposes the use of a decision tree to investigate how location can be predicted after observing a series of human activities. A decision tree provides a set of easy-to-interpret decision rules that are necessary for decision makers to be able to make timely and appropriate decisions about location prediction. Based on more than 6000 contextual datasets obtained from college students, we conducted experiments with the WEKA software. Our findings revealed that, given a number of human activities and personal information, a decision tree classifier provides a set of useful rules through which appropriate inferences about location prediction are possible.},
  keywords = {Context Prediction,Decision Tree,Human Activities,Location Prediction},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/I8RENCC8/S1877042814033771.html}
}

@article{deng2012,
  title = {Deriving {{Rules}} for {{Trip Purpose Identification}} from {{GPS Travel Survey Data}} and {{Land Use Data}}: {{A Machine Learning Approach}}},
  shorttitle = {Deriving {{Rules}} for {{Trip Purpose Identification}} from {{GPS Travel Survey Data}} and {{Land Use Data}}},
  author = {Deng, Zhongwei and Ji, Minhe},
  year = {2012},
  month = apr,
  pages = {768--777},
  publisher = {American Society of Civil Engineers},
  doi = {10.1061/41123(383)73},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/44RGCRUX/Deng and Ji - 2012 - Deriving Rules for Trip Purpose Identification fro.pdf}
}

@article{xiao2016,
  title = {Detecting Trip Purposes from Smartphone-Based Travel Surveys with Artificial Neural Networks and Particle Swarm Optimization},
  author = {Xiao, Guangnian and Juan, Zhicai and Zhang, Chunqin},
  year = {2016},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume = {71},
  pages = {447--463},
  issn = {0968-090X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2016.08.008},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  abstract = {Travel surveys based on global positioning system (GPS) data have exponentially increased over the past decades. Trip characteristics, including trip ends, travel modes, and trip purposes need to be detected from GPS data. Compared with other trip characteristics, studies on trip purpose detection are limited. These studies struggle with three types of limitations, namely, data validation, classification approach-related issues, and result comparison under multiple scenarios. Therefore, we attempt to obtain full understanding and improve these three aspects when detecting trip purposes in the current study. First, a smartphone-based travel survey is employed to collect GPS data, and a surveyor-intervened prompted recall survey is used to validate trip characteristics automatically detected from the GPS data. Second, artificial neural networks combined with particle swarm optimization are used to detect trip purposes from the GPS data. Third, four scenarios are constructed by employing two methods for land-use type coding, i.e., polygon-based information and point of interest, and two methods for selecting training dataset, i.e., equal proportion selection and equal number selection. The accuracy of trip purpose detection is then compared under these scenarios. The highest accuracies of 97.22\% for the training dataset and 96.53\% for the test dataset are achieved under the scenario of polygon-based information and equal proportion selection by comparing the detected and validated trip purposes. Promising results indicate that a smartphone-based travel survey can complement conventional travel surveys.},
  keywords = {Artificial neural network,Particle swarm optimization,Smartphone,Travel survey,Trip purpose},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/PZ39GK7F/S0968090X16301425.html}
}

@article{du2007,
  title = {Increasing the Accuracy of Trip Rate Information from Passive Multi-Day {{GPS}} Travel Datasets: {{Automatic}} Trip End Identification Issues},
  shorttitle = {Increasing the Accuracy of Trip Rate Information from Passive Multi-Day {{GPS}} Travel Datasets},
  author = {Du, Jianhe and {Aultman-Hall}, Lisa},
  year = {2007},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice},
  volume = {41},
  number = {3},
  pages = {220--232},
  issn = {0965-8564},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tra.2006.05.001},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  abstract = {With the availability of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to capture vehicle location, it is now feasible to easily collect multiple days of travel data automatically. However, GPS-collected data are not ready for direct use in trip rate or route choice research until trip ends are identified within large GPS data streams. One common parameter used to divide trips is dwell time, the time a vehicle is stationary. Identifying trips is particularly challenging when there is trip chaining with brief stops, such as picking up and dropping off passengers. It is hard to distinguish these stops from those caused by traffic controls or congestion. Although the dwell time method is effective in many cases, it is not foolproof and recent research indicates use of additional logic improves trip dividing. While some studies incorporating more than dwell time to identify trip ends having been conducted, research including actual trip ends to evaluate the success of trip dividing methods used have been limited. In this research, 12 ten-day real-world GPS travel datasets were used to develop, calibrate and compare three methods to identify trip start points in the data stream. The true start and end points of each trip were identified in advance in the GPS data stream using a supplemental trip log completed by the participants so that the accuracy of each automated trip division method could be measured and compared. A heuristic model, which combines heading change, dwell time and distance between the GPS points and the road network, performs best, correctly identifying 94\% of trip ends.},
  keywords = {GPS,Route choice,Travel behavior,Trip end},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/7GLJH4XZ/S0965856406000425.html}
}

@article{luo2017,
  title = {An {{Improved DBSCAN Algorithm}} to {{Detect Stops}} in {{Individual Trajectories}}},
  author = {Luo, Ting and Zheng, Xinwei and Xu, Guangluan and Fu, Kun and Ren, Wenjuan},
  year = {2017},
  month = mar,
  journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {63},
  publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
  issn = {2220-9964},
  doi = {10.3390/ijgi6030063},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  abstract = {With the increasing use of mobile GPS (global positioning system) devices, a large volume of trajectory data on users can be produced. In most existing work, trajectories are usually divided into a set of stops and moves. In trajectories, stops represent the most important and meaningful part of the trajectory; there are many data mining methods to extract these locations. DBSCAN (density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise) is a classical density-based algorithm used to find the high-density areas in space, and different derivative methods of this algorithm have been proposed to find the stops in trajectories. However, most of these methods required a manually-set threshold, such as the speed threshold, for each feature variable. In our research, we first defined our new concept of move ability. Second, by introducing the theory of data fields and by taking our new concept of move ability into consideration, we constructed a new, comprehensive, hybrid feature--based, density measurement method which considers temporal and spatial properties. Finally, an improved DBSCAN algorithm was proposed using our new density measurement method. In the Experimental Section, the effectiveness and efficiency of our method is validated against real datasets. When comparing our algorithm with the classical density-based clustering algorithms, our experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method.},
  copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {improved DBSCAN algorithm,stops and moves,temporal and spatial properties,trajectory data},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/DMF57H78/Luo et al. - 2017 - An Improved DBSCAN Algorithm to Detect Stops in In.pdf}
}

@article{bohte2009,
  title = {Deriving and Validating Trip Purposes and Travel Modes for Multi-Day {{GPS-based}} Travel Surveys: {{A}} Large-Scale Application in the {{Netherlands}}},
  shorttitle = {Deriving and Validating Trip Purposes and Travel Modes for Multi-Day {{GPS-based}} Travel Surveys},
  author = {Bohte, Wendy and Maat, Kees},
  year = {2009},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
  volume = {17},
  number = {3},
  pages = {285--297},
  issn = {0968-090X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trc.2008.11.004},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  abstract = {In the past few decades, travel patterns have become more complex and policy makers demand more detailed information. As a result, conventional data collection methods seem no longer adequate to satisfy all data needs. Travel researchers around the world are currently experimenting with different Global Positioning System (GPS)-based data collection methods. An overview of the literature shows the potential of these methods, especially when algorithms that include spatial data are used to derive trip characteristics from the GPS logs. This article presents an innovative method that combines GPS logs, Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and an interactive web-based validation application. In particular, this approach concentrates on the issue of deriving and validating trip purposes and travel modes, as well as allowing for reliable multi-day data collection. In 2007, this method was used in practice in a large-scale study conducted in the Netherlands. In total, 1104 respondents successfully participated in the one-week survey. The project demonstrated that GPS-based methods now provide reliable multi-day data. In comparison with data from the Dutch Travel Survey, travel mode and trip purpose shares were almost equal while more trips per tour were recorded, which indicates the ability of collecting trips that are missed by paper diary methods.},
  keywords = {Geographic Information System,Global Positioning System,Multi-day travel behaviour data collection,Web-based recall survey},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/9ZIRKVW5/S0968090X08000909.html}
}

@article{duan2007,
  title = {A Local-Density Based Spatial Clustering Algorithm with Noise},
  author = {Duan, Lian and Xu, Lida and Guo, Feng and Lee, Jun and Yan, Baopin},
  year = {2007},
  month = nov,
  journal = {Information Systems},
  series = {Special {{Issue}} on {{Intelligent Information Processing}}},
  volume = {32},
  number = {7},
  pages = {978--986},
  issn = {0306-4379},
  doi = {10.1016/j.is.2006.10.006},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  abstract = {Density-based clustering algorithms are attractive for the task of class identification in spatial database. However, in many cases, very different local-density clusters exist in different regions of data space, therefore, DBSCAN method [M. Ester, H.-P. Kriegel, J. Sander, X. Xu, A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise, in: E. Simoudis, J. Han, U.M. Fayyad (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Portland, OR, AAAI, Menlo Park, CA, 1996, pp. 226--231] using a global density parameter is not suitable. Although OPTICS [M. Ankerst, M.M. Breunig, H.-P. Kriegel, J. Sander, OPTICS: ordering points to identify the clustering structure, in: A. Delis, C. Faloutsos, S. Ghandeharizadeh (Eds.), Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data Philadelphia, PA, ACM, New York, 1999, pp. 49--60] provides an augmented ordering of the database to represent its density-based clustering structure, it only generates the clusters with local-density exceeds certain thresholds but not the cluster of similar local-density; in addition, it does not produce clusters of a data set explicitly. Furthermore, the parameters required by almost all the major clustering algorithms are hard to determine although they significantly impact on the clustering result. In this paper, a new clustering algorithm LDBSCAN relying on a local-density-based notion of clusters is proposed. In this technique, the selection of appropriate parameters is not difficult; it also takes the advantage of the LOF [M.M. Breunig, H.-P. Kriegel, R.T. Ng, J. Sander, LOF: identifying density-based local outliers, in: W. Chen, J.F. Naughton, P.A. Bernstein (Eds.), Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Dalles, TX, ACM, New York, 2000, pp. 93--104] to detect the noises comparing with other density-based clustering algorithms. The proposed algorithm has potential applications in business intelligence.},
  keywords = {Data mining,Local outlier factor,Local reachability density,Local-density-based clustering},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/4N2QFRQF/S0306437906000871.html}
}

@inproceedings{khan2014,
  title = {{{DBSCAN}}: {{Past}}, Present and Future},
  shorttitle = {{{DBSCAN}}},
  booktitle = {The {{Fifth International Conference}} on the {{Applications}} of {{Digital Information}} and {{Web Technologies}} ({{ICADIWT}} 2014)},
  author = {Khan, Kamran and Rehman, Saif Ur and Aziz, Kamran and Fong, Simon and Sarasvady, S.},
  year = {2014},
  month = feb,
  pages = {232--238},
  doi = {10.1109/ICADIWT.2014.6814687},
  urldate = {2024-02-12},
  abstract = {Data Mining is all about data analysis techniques. It is useful for extracting hidden and interesting patterns from large datasets. Clustering techniques are important when it comes to extracting knowledge from large amount of spatial data collected from various applications including GIS, satellite images, X-ray crystallography, remote sensing and environmental assessment and planning etc. To extract useful pattern from these complex data sources several popular spatial data clustering techniques have been proposed. DBSCAN (Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) is a pioneer density based algorithm. It can discover clusters of any arbitrary shape and size in databases containing even noise and outliers. DBSCAN however are known to have a number of problems such as: (a) it requires user's input to specify parameter values for executing the algorithm; (b) it is prone to dilemma in deciding meaningful clusters from datasets with varying densities; (c) and it incurs certain computational complexity. Many researchers attempted to enhance the basic DBSCAN algorithm, in order to overcome these drawbacks, such as VDBSCAN, FDBSCAN, DD\_DBSCAN, and IDBSCAN. In this study, we survey over different variations of DBSCAN algorithms that were proposed so far. These variations are critically evaluated and their limitations are also listed.},
  keywords = {Algorithm design and analysis,Clustering,Clustering algorithms,Data mining,data mining algorithms,DBSCAN,density,Noise,Partitioning algorithms,sampling,Shape,spatial data,Spatial databases},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/H4G5LT87/Khan et al. - 2014 - DBSCAN Past, present and future.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/UJAAEGSS/6814687.html}
}

@article{bertsimas1993,
  title = {Simulated {{Annealing}}},
  author = {Bertsimas, Dimitris and Tsitsiklis, John},
  year = {1993},
  month = feb,
  journal = {Statistical Science},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10--15},
  publisher = {Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
  issn = {0883-4237, 2168-8745},
  doi = {10.1214/ss/1177011077},
  urldate = {2024-02-17},
  abstract = {Simulated annealing is a probabilistic method proposed in Kirkpatrick, Gelett and Vecchi (1983) and Cerny (1985) for finding the global minimum of a cost function that may possess several local minima. It works by emulating the physical process whereby a solid is slowly cooled so that when eventually its structure is "frozen," this happens at a minimum energy configuration. We restrict ourselves to the case of a cost function defined on a finite set. Extensions of simulated annealing to the case of functions defined on continuous sets have also been introduced in the literature (e.g., Geman and Hwang, 1986; Gidas, 1985a; Holley, Kusuoka and Stroock, 1989; Jeng and Woods, 1990; Kushner, 1985). Our goal in this review is to describe the method, its convergence and its behavior in applications.},
  keywords = {Markov chains,randomized algorithms,simulated annealing},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/LUQY97WN/Bertsimas and Tsitsiklis - 1993 - Simulated Annealing.pdf}
}

@phdthesis{riches2022,
  title = {Transforming {{GPS}} Points to Daily Activities Using Simultaneously Optimized {{DBSCAN-TE}} Parameters},
  author = {Riches, Gillian},
  year = {2022},
  month = dec,
  address = {Provo, UT},
  school = {Brigham Young University},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/XKA7P6N2/9755.html;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/Z68IA23U/9755.html}
}

@misc{zotero-1180,
  title = {Mental {{Health}} - {{PAHO}}/{{WHO}} {\textbackslash}textbar {{Pan American Health Organization}}},
  urldate = {2024-01-17},
  abstract = {The World Health Organization (WHO) conceptualizes mental health as a ``state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community''. Mental disorders and psychoactive substance-related disorders are highly prevalent throughout the world and are major contributors to morbidity, disability, and premature mortality.}
}

@article{arel-bundock2022,
  title = {Modelsummary: {{Data}} and {{Model Summaries}} in {{R}}},
  author = {{Arel-Bundock}, Vincent},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
  volume = {103},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--23},
  doi = {10.18637/jss.v103.i01}
}

@book{ben-akiva1985,
  title = {Discrete {{Choice Analysis}}: {{Theory}} and {{Applications}} to {{Travel Demand}}},
  author = {{Ben-Akiva}, Moshe and Lerman, Steven R.},
  year = {1985},
  eprint = {1391567},
  eprinttype = {jstor},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  jstor = {1391567}
}

@article{barry2009,
  title = {Addressing the Determinants of Positive Mental Health: {{Concepts}}, Evidence and Practice},
  shorttitle = {Addressing the {{Determinants}} of {{Positive Mental Health}}},
  author = {Barry, Margaret M.},
  year = {2009},
  month = aug,
  journal = {International Journal of Mental Health Promotion},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {4--17},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  issn = {1462-3730},
  doi = {10.1080/14623730.2009.9721788},
  urldate = {2023-02-28},
  abstract = {Positive mental health is recognised as a key resource for population well-being and the social and economic prosperity of society. This paper provides an overview of current concepts of positive mental health and its contribution to the health and well-being of society. Frameworks for promoting mental health are presented, together with an overview of key concepts and principles underpinning this multi-disciplinary area of practice. Drawing on empirical studies, the article reviews the determinants of positive mental health across the lifespan. Enhancing factors for promoting mental health at the structural, community and individual levels are identified. The growing evidence base on the effectiveness of mental health promotion interventions is discussed, and the implications of addressing the psychosocial determinants of mental health for policy and practice are considered.},
  keywords = {determinants of mental health,effective interventions,mental health promotion,positive mental health,positive mental health; mental health promotion; determinants of mental health; effective interventions},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/HLTXIYYT/Barry - 2009 - Addressing the Determinants of Positive Mental Hea.pdf}
}

@article{roe2013,
  title = {Green Space and Stress: {{Evidence}} from Cortisol Measures in Deprived Urban Communities},
  shorttitle = {Green {{Space}} and {{Stress}}},
  author = {Roe, Jenny J. and Thompson, Catharine Ward and Aspinall, Peter A. and Brewer, Mark J. and Duff, Elizabeth I. and Miller, David and Mitchell, Richard and Clow, Angela},
  year = {2013},
  month = sep,
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume = {10},
  number = {9},
  pages = {4086--4103},
  issn = {1661-7827},
  doi = {10.3390/ijerph10094086},
  urldate = {2024-05-06},
  abstract = {Contact with green space in the environment has been associated with mental health benefits, but the mechanism underpinning this association is not clear. This study extends an earlier exploratory study showing that more green space in deprived urban neighbourhoods in Scotland is linked to lower levels of perceived stress and improved physiological stress as measured by diurnal patterns of cortisol secretion. Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured at 3, 6 and 9 h post awakening over two consecutive weekdays, together with measures of perceived stress. Participants (n = 106) were men and women not in work aged between 35--55 years, resident in socially disadvantaged districts from the same Scottish, UK, urban context as the earlier study. Results from linear regression analyses showed a significant and negative relationship between higher green space levels and stress levels, indicating living in areas with a higher percentage of green space is associated with lower stress, confirming the earlier study findings. This study further extends the findings by showing significant gender differences in stress patterns by levels of green space, with women in lower green space areas showing higher levels of stress. A significant interaction effect between gender and percentage green space on mean cortisol concentrations showed a positive effect of higher green space in relation to cortisol measures in women, but not in men. Higher levels of neighbourhood green space were associated with healthier mean cortisol levels in women whilst also attenuating higher cortisol levels in men. We conclude that higher levels of green space in residential neighbourhoods, for this deprived urban population of middle-aged men and women not in work, are linked with lower perceived stress and a steeper (healthier) diurnal cortisol decline. However, overall patterns and levels of cortisol secretion in men and women were differentially related to neighbourhood green space and warrant further investigation.},
  pmcid = {PMC3799530},
  pmid = {24002726},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/DBTAZDAT/Roe et al. - 2013 - Green Space and Stress Evidence from Cortisol Mea.pdf}
}

@article{sugiyama2008,
  title = {Associations of Neighbourhood Greenness with Physical and Mental Health: {{Do}} Walking, Social Coherence and Local Social Interaction Explain the Relationships?},
  shorttitle = {Associations of Neighbourhood Greenness with Physical and Mental Health},
  author = {Sugiyama, Takemi and Leslie, Eva and {Giles-Corti}, Billie and Owen, Neville},
  year = {2008},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Journal of epidemiology and community health},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {e9},
  doi = {10.1136/jech.2007.064287},
  abstract = {Studies have shown associations between health indices and access to "green" environments but the underlying mechanisms of this association are not clear. To examine associations of perceived neighbourhood "greenness" with perceived physical and mental health and to investigate whether walking and social factors account for the relationships. A mailed survey collected the following data from adults (n = 1895) in Adelaide, Australia: physical and mental health scores (12-item short-form health survey); perceived neighbourhood greenness; walking for recreation and for transport; social coherence; local social interaction and sociodemographic variables. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, those who perceived their neighbourhood as highly green had 1.37 and 1.60 times higher odds of better physical and mental health, respectively, compared with those who perceived the lowest greenness. Perceived greenness was also correlated with recreational walking and social factors. When walking for recreation and social factors were added to the regression models, recreational walking was a significant predictor of physical health; however, the association between greenness and physical health became non-significant. Recreational walking and social coherence were associated with mental health and the relationship between greenness and mental health remained significant. Perceived neighbourhood greenness was more strongly associated with mental health than it was with physical health. Recreational walking seemed to explain the link between greenness and physical health, whereas the relationship between greenness and mental health was only partly accounted for by recreational walking and social coherence. The restorative effects of natural environments may be involved in the residual association of this latter relationship.},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/FIEXS8FQ/Sugiyama et al. - 2008 - Associations of neighbourhood greenness with physi.pdf}
}

@article{bratman2015,
  title = {Nature Experience Reduces Rumination and Subgenual Prefrontal Cortex Activation},
  author = {Bratman, Gregory N. and Hamilton, J. Paul and Hahn, Kevin S. and Daily, Gretchen C. and Gross, James J.},
  year = {2015},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  volume = {112},
  number = {28},
  pages = {8567--8572},
  publisher = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1510459112},
  urldate = {2024-05-06},
  abstract = {Urbanization has many benefits, but it also is associated with increased levels of mental illness, including depression. It has been suggested that decreased nature experience may help to explain the link between urbanization and mental illness. This suggestion is supported by a growing body of correlational and experimental evidence, which raises a further question: what mechanism(s) link decreased nature experience to the development of mental illness? One such mechanism might be the impact of nature exposure on rumination, a maladaptive pattern of self-referential thought that is associated with heightened risk for depression and other mental illnesses. We show in healthy participants that a brief nature experience, a 90-min walk in a natural setting, decreases both self-reported rumination and neural activity in the subgenual prefrontal cortex (sgPFC), whereas a 90-min walk in an urban setting has no such effects on self-reported rumination or neural activity. In other studies, the sgPFC has been associated with a self-focused behavioral withdrawal linked to rumination in both depressed and healthy individuals. This study reveals a pathway by which nature experience may improve mental well-being and suggests that accessible natural areas within urban contexts may be a critical resource for mental health in our rapidly urbanizing world.},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/27YHX65C/Bratman et al. - 2015 - Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual.pdf}
}

@article{bowler2010,
  title = {A Systematic Review of Evidence for the Added Benefits to Health of Exposure to Natural Environments},
  author = {Bowler, Diana E. and {Buyung-Ali}, Lisette M. and Knight, Teri M. and Pullin, Andrew S.},
  year = {2010},
  month = aug,
  journal = {BMC Public Health},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {456},
  issn = {1471-2458},
  doi = {10.1186/1471-2458-10-456},
  urldate = {2024-05-06},
  abstract = {There is increasing interest in the potential role of the natural environment in human health and well-being. However, the evidence-base for specific and direct health or well-being benefits of activity within natural compared to more synthetic environments has not been systematically assessed.},
  keywords = {Cortisol Concentration,Indoor Environment,Natural Environment,Pool Effect Size,Profound Mental Retardation},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/TVJRB9XY/Bowler et al. - 2010 - A systematic review of evidence for the added bene.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/B939U78N/1471-2458-10-456.html}
}

@article{macfarlane2024,
  title = {Classifying Location Points as Daily Activities Using Simultaneously Optimized {{DBSCAN-TE}} Parameters},
  author = {Macfarlane, Gregory S. and Riches, Gillian and Youngs, Emily K. and Nielsen, Jared A.},
  year = {2024},
  month = apr,
  journal = {Findings},
  publisher = {Findings Press},
  doi = {10.32866/001c.116197},
  urldate = {2024-05-07},
  abstract = {Location-based services data collected from mobile phones represent a potentially powerful source of travel behavior data, but transforming the location points into semantic activities -- where and when activities occurred -- is non-trivial. Existing algorithms to label activities require multiple parameters calibrated to a particular dataset. In this research, we apply a simulated annealing optimization procedure to identify the values of four parameters used in a density-based spatial clustering with additional noise and time entropy (DBSCAN-TE) algorithm. We develop a spatial accuracy scoring function to use in the calibration methodology and identify paths for future research.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/VS7M7Z3Q/Macfarlane et al. - 2024 - Classifying Location Points as Daily Activities us.pdf}
}

@article{nilsson2017,
  title = {Effects of Time Pressure, Type of Shopping, and Store Attributes on Consumers' Satisfaction with Grocery Shopping},
  author = {Nilsson, Elin and G{\"a}rling, Tommy and Marell, Agneta},
  year = {2017},
  month = aug,
  journal = {The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research},
  volume = {27},
  number = {4},
  pages = {334--351},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  issn = {0959-3969},
  doi = {10.1080/09593969.2017.1309674},
  urldate = {2024-05-07},
  abstract = {The aim of this study is to investigate whether satisfaction with grocery stores is affected by type of grocery shopping in conjunction with time pressure, and which attributes are important for satisfaction. Fictitious grocery stores are constructed according to a fractional factorial design by varying access, price level, supply quality/range, and service quality. In an Internet survey, 1023 Swedish consumers rated satisfaction with major vs. fill-in shopping imagining they were under high or low time pressure. The results showed that satisfaction is higher for fill-in shopping than major shopping, that time pressure has no effect on satisfaction, and that price level, service quality, and product quality/range are more important for satisfaction with major shopping, whereas access is more important for satisfaction with fill-in shopping. It is also found that the importance of attributes for satisfaction depends on type of shopping more than on individual characteristics.},
  keywords = {Grocery shopping,grocery store attributes,satisfaction,time pressure,type of shopping},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/SJ8SSFZA/Nilsson et al. - 2017 - Effects of time pressure, type of shopping, and st.pdf}
}

@article{aylott1998,
  title = {An Exploratory Study of Grocery Shopping Stressors},
  author = {Aylott, Russell and Mitchell, Vincent-Wayne},
  year = {1998},
  month = jan,
  journal = {International Journal of Retail \& Distribution Management},
  volume = {26},
  number = {9},
  pages = {362--373},
  publisher = {MCB UP Ltd},
  issn = {0959-0552},
  doi = {10.1108/09590559810237908},
  urldate = {2024-05-07},
  abstract = {Many factors affect the store patronage decision, e.g. location, service levels, pricing policies, merchandise assortment, store environment and store image, but very little research has considered stress as a determinant. This is despite the increase in dual income families and longer working hours which are making general shopping a more stressful activity for many families because of time pressure and lack of response by retailers. This exploratory research confirms grocery shopping to be stressful, but time pressure was mentioned as only one factor causing shopping stress; other factors included: crowd density, staff attitude and training, store layout/relocation, impulse purchasing pressure, location, product assortment, music, and lighting. The article concludes by proposing a shopping stress curve for future examination.},
  keywords = {Consumer behaviour,Grocery industry,Retailing,Shopping,Stores,Stress},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/CF3FX79D/Aylott and Mitchell - 1998 - An exploratory study of grocery shopping stressors.pdf}
}

@article{brewster2014,
  title = {The Public Library as Therapeutic Landscape: {{A}} Qualitative Case Study},
  shorttitle = {The Public Library as Therapeutic Landscape},
  author = {Brewster, Liz},
  year = {2014},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Health \& Place},
  volume = {26},
  pages = {94--99},
  issn = {1353-8292},
  doi = {10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.12.015},
  urldate = {2024-05-07},
  abstract = {The idea of the therapeutic landscape has been widely used to describe the relationship between place and improvements in mental health. This paper uses data from a qualitative study conducted with people with mental health problems to outline the role of the public library as a therapeutic landscape. It situates the public library as a space that is simultaneously familiar and welcoming, comforting and calming, and empowering. Further, the paper reflects on the impact of proposed library closures in light of these previously hidden benefits, thinking about the library's role as an environment and not as a service provider.},
  keywords = {Mental health,Public library,Therapeutic landscape,Well-being},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/UNSRI5XQ/S1353829213001792.html}
}

@article{elia2019,
  title = {Public Libraries Supporting Health and Wellness: {{A}} Literature Review},
  shorttitle = {Public {{Libraries Supporting Health}} and {{Wellness}}},
  author = {Elia, Heather},
  year = {2019},
  month = dec,
  journal = {School of Information Student Research Journal},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  issn = {2575-2499},
  doi = {10.31979/2575-2499.090207},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/TM5KEAAZ/Elia - 2019 - Public Libraries Supporting Health and Wellness A.pdf;/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/EN3FJ2P5/7.html}
}

@article{dowrick2012,
  title = {Get into {{Reading}} as an Intervention for Common Mental Health Problems: Exploring Catalysts for Change},
  shorttitle = {Get into {{Reading}} as an Intervention for Common Mental Health Problems},
  author = {Dowrick, Christopher and Billington, Josie and Robinson, Jude and Hamer, Andrew and Williams, Clare},
  year = {2012},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Medical Humanities},
  volume = {38},
  number = {1},
  pages = {15--20},
  publisher = {Institute of Medical Ethics},
  issn = {1468-215X, 1473-4265},
  doi = {10.1136/medhum-2011-010083},
  urldate = {2024-05-07},
  abstract = {There is increasing evidence for the efficacy of non-medical strategies to improve mental health and well-being. Get into Reading is a shared reading intervention which has demonstrable acceptability and feasibility. This paper explores potential catalysts for change resulting from Get into Reading. Two weekly reading groups ran for 12 months, in a GP surgery and a mental health drop-in centre, for people with a GP diagnosis of depression and a validated severity measure. Data collection included quantitative measures at the outset and end of the study, digital recording of sessions, observation and reflective diaries. Qualitative data were analysed thematically and critically compared with digital recordings. The evidence suggested a reduction in depressive symptoms for Get into Reading group participants. Three potential catalysts for change were identified: literary form and content, including the balance between prose and poetry; group facilitation, including social awareness and communicative skills; and group processes, including reflective and syntactic mirroring. This study has generated hypotheses about potential change processes of Get into Reading groups. Evidence of clinical efficacy was limited by small sample size, participant attrition and lack of controls. The focus on depression limited the generalisability of findings to other clinical groups or in non-clinical settings. Further research is needed, including assessment of the social and economic impact and substantial trials of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.},
  chapter = {Original article},
  copyright = {{\copyright} 2012, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.},
  langid = {english},
  pmid = {22345586},
  keywords = {catalysts for change,depression,intervention,literature,mental healthcare,primary care,qualitative,Shared reading,social science},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/W9XXHNQM/Dowrick et al. - 2012 - Get into Reading as an intervention for common men.pdf}
}

@article{zanalabidin2023,
  title = {Systematic Literature Review of the Bibliotherapy Practices in Public Libraries in Supporting Communities' Mental Health and Wellbeing},
  author = {Zanal Abidin, Nur Syazwanie and Shaifuddin, Norshila and Wan Mohd Saman, Wan Satirah},
  year = {2023},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Public Library Quarterly},
  volume = {42},
  number = {2},
  pages = {124--140},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  issn = {0161-6846},
  doi = {10.1080/01616846.2021.2009291},
  urldate = {2024-05-07},
  abstract = {The issues of mental health such as depression and anxiety create impact to the psychological, social and economic of society. Public libraries as a community center play a great role in taking actions toward mental health and well-being through bibliotherapy services. This study aims to describe the public libraries experienced in bibliotherapy and to determine the criteria of bibliotherapy services in public libraries. A systematic literature search of studies was carried out based on the PRISMA framework. The analysis of the literatures revealed a large variety of bibliotherapy framework and models -- most of them are developed in country-specific and only applicable in western countries, others could be applied by public libraries across borders. The review makes clear that bibliotherapy services are importance in libraries and requires specific criteria for bibliotherapy development. It also clearly outlines the potential of bibliotherapy services in libraries as a method of improving mental health and well-being. The article raises important issues with regards to how public library should go about developing bibliotherapy services. This study contributes to the field of library and information management as it highlights the public libraries experienced in implementing bibliotherapy. Library practitioners could use the results to develop their strategies to ensure the success of the bibliotherapy as part of library services.},
  keywords = {Bibliotherapy,library services,mental health,PRISMA,public libraries,well-being},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/8LKB8RBH/Zanal Abidin et al. - 2023 - Systematic Literature Review of the Bibliotherapy .pdf}
}

@article{takiguchi2022,
  title = {The Relationship between Leisure Activities and Mental Health: {{The}} Impact of Resilience and {{COVID}}-19},
  shorttitle = {The Relationship between Leisure Activities and Mental Health},
  author = {Takiguchi, Yuta and Matsui, Mie and Kikutani, Mariko and Ebina, Kota},
  year = {2022},
  month = aug,
  journal = {Applied Psychology. Health and Well-Being},
  pages = {10.1111/aphw.12394},
  issn = {1758-0846},
  doi = {10.1111/aphw.12394},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {Engaging in leisure activities promotes mental health. The effect is likely associated with resilience as the broaden-and-build theory suggests positive emotions elicited from leisure increase mental resources for stress coping. The present research examined whether participating in different leisure activities at a given time increases the level of resilience, which in turn reduces psychological problems. It also investigated the changes in people's leisure activities due to the COVID-19 outbreak and the impact of these changes on their mental health. Japanese participants (N\,=\,300) responded to two online surveys conducted before (January 2020) and after the outbreak (February 2021). They selected the leisure activities they had engaged in from 100 choices and reported their levels of resilience and depressive symptoms. An analysis of covariates revealed that the total number of selected activities significantly reduced in the second survey, but the levels of resilience and depressive symptoms remained constant. Regression analysis showed that the reduction in leisure activities did not predict depressive symptoms. However, structural equation modeling established that the relationship between leisure and depression was mediated by resilience, supporting the initial hypothesis. Importantly, this relationship slightly differed by age group, likely because popular activities and their psychological impacts vary depending on age.},
  pmcid = {PMC9538683},
  pmid = {35971651},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/64YEKMTI/Takiguchi et al. - 2022 - The relationship between leisure activities and me.pdf}
}

@article{orben2020,
  title = {The Effects of Social Deprivation on Adolescent Development and Mental Health},
  author = {Orben, Amy and Tomova, Livia and Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne},
  year = {2020},
  month = aug,
  journal = {The Lancet Child \& Adolescent Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {8},
  pages = {634--640},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  issn = {2352-4642, 2352-4650},
  doi = {10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30186-3},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  langid = {english},
  pmid = {32540024},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/9TYN8R79/Orben et al. - 2020 - The effects of social deprivation on adolescent de.pdf}
}

@article{yanos2001,
  title = {Negative and Supportive Social Interactions and Quality of Life among Persons Diagnosed with Severe Mental Illness},
  author = {Yanos, Philip T. and Rosenfield, Sarah and Horwitz, Allan V.},
  year = {2001},
  month = oct,
  journal = {Community Mental Health Journal},
  volume = {37},
  number = {5},
  pages = {405--419},
  issn = {1573-2789},
  doi = {10.1023/A:1017528029127},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {This study examined the relative importance of negative and supportive social interactions in predicting different aspects of quality of life (QOL) in a sample of persons diagnosed with severe mental illness (n = 104). Controlling for other variables that might explain such a relationship, we found that negative social interactions were significantly related to lower QOL in three subjective domains, while supportive social interactions were related to higher QOL in four objective domains and one subjective domain. We found negative social interactions that are stigmatizing to be particularly important in predicting QOL; additional analyses suggested that perceived stigma partially mediated the relationship between negative social interactions and QOL. We discuss the implications of the present findings for the study of the link between social relationships and QOL among persons with mental illness.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {quality of life,severe mental illness,social interactions},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/RNQAIKIB/Yanos et al. - 2001 - Negative and Supportive Social Interactions and Qu.pdf}
}

@article{kuykendall2015,
  title = {Leisure Engagement and Subjective Well-Being: {{A}} Meta-Analysis},
  shorttitle = {Leisure Engagement and Subjective Well-Being},
  author = {Kuykendall, Lauren and Tay, Louis and Ng, Vincent},
  year = {2015},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
  volume = {141},
  number = {2},
  pages = {364--403},
  issn = {1939-1455},
  doi = {10.1037/a0038508},
  abstract = {Numerous studies show a link between leisure engagement and subjective well-being (SWB). Drawing on common experiential features of leisure, psychological need theories, and bottom-up models of SWB, we suggest that leisure engagement influences SWB via leisure satisfaction. We examine the proposed cross-sectional relations and mediation model using random-effects meta-analyses that include all available populations. To provide a stronger test of causal influence, we also examine longitudinal relations between leisure satisfaction and SWB and effects of experimental leisure interventions on SWB using random effects meta-analyses of all available populations. Findings based on 37 effect sizes and 11,834 individuals reveal that leisure engagement and SWB are moderately associated (inverse-variance weighted r = .26) and mediated by leisure satisfaction. Cross-lagged regression analyses of longitudinal studies, controlling for prior SWB, reveal bottom-up effects of leisure satisfaction on SWB ({$\beta$} = .15) and top-down effects of SWB on leisure satisfaction ({$\beta$} = .16). Experimental studies reveal that leisure interventions enhance SWB (d = 1.02). Compared with working samples, retired samples exhibit a stronger relation between leisure engagement and SWB, and between leisure satisfaction and SWB. Measures of the frequency and diversity of leisure engagement are more strongly associated with SWB than measures of time spent in leisure. Overall, although not minimizing top-down influences, results are consistent with bottom-up models of SWB and suggest that the leisure domain is a potentially important target for enhancing SWB.},
  langid = {english},
  pmid = {25602273},
  keywords = {Adaptation Psychological,Cross-Sectional Studies,Happiness,Humans,Leisure Activities,Longitudinal Studies,Personal Satisfaction,Quality of Life,Regression Analysis}
}

@article{ridgway2024,
  title = {Subjective Wellbeing of Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults: {{A}} Cross Sectional Study},
  shorttitle = {Subjective Wellbeing of Autistic Adolescents and Young Adults},
  author = {Ridgway, Kathryn and Macmillan, Caitlin and Demmer, David H. and Hooley, Merrilyn and Hedley, Darren and Westrupp, Elizabeth and Stokes, Mark A.},
  year = {2024},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Autism Research},
  volume = {n/a},
  number = {n/a},
  issn = {1939-3806},
  doi = {10.1002/aur.3139},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {Subjective wellbeing (SWB) represents an individual's perception of wellness that is supported by homeostatic mechanisms. These mechanisms are proposed to be maintained by low negative affect and high positive affect, although less is known about these mechanisms and SWB in autism. The current cross-sectional study aimed to compare patterns of positive affect, negative affect (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale), and SWB (Personal Wellbeing Index-School Children) between autistic (n = 53) and non-autistic (n = 49) individuals aged 10--22 years (Mage = 13.97, SD = 3.13). Between-group t-tests revealed that compared with same-age peers, autistic participants scored lower SWB overall (p {$<$} 0.001). In both groups average SWB scores fell into the higher range, however, autistic participants were three-times more likely to fall below this range when compared to non-autistic participants. Negative affect had a higher intercept in the autistic sample, but no difference in slopes were observed. A hierarchical multiple regression revealed that diagnosis, positive affect, and negative affect significantly predicted SWB in our sample. Between-group t-tests found no significant difference in positive affect or negative affect across age between the autistic and non-autistic samples. In autistic participants, positive affect increased across age as SWB decreased, whilst negative affect remained stable, a pattern inconsistent with homeostatic SWB. The current study is overall consistent with the homeostatic explanation for SWB within autism; however, we identified potential differences between autistic and non-autistic participants in the contribution of positive affect and negative affect to homeostatic protect mood across development.},
  copyright = {{\copyright} 2024 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {adolescents,autism,negative affect,positive affect,subjective wellbeing,young adults},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/A9PVMS6W/Ridgway et al. - Subjective wellbeing of autistic adolescents and y.pdf}
}

@article{bailey2020,
  title = {The Relationship between Social Experience and Subjective Well-Being in Autistic College Students: {{A}} Mixed Methods Study},
  shorttitle = {The Relationship between Social Experience and Subjective Well-Being in Autistic College Students},
  author = {Bailey, Kathryn M and Frost, Kyle M and Casagrande, Kar{\'i}s and Ingersoll, Brooke},
  year = {2020},
  month = jul,
  journal = {Autism},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1081--1092},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
  issn = {1362-3613},
  doi = {10.1177/1362361319892457},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {This mixed methods study examined the relationship between the college social experience and subjective well-being in autistic students in the Midwestern United States. An online survey focused on social connectedness, social participation, social support, and subjective well-being. A semi-structured interview discussed transition, supports received, and social participation. Correlations and a hierarchical regression were used to examine the relationship between social experience variables and subjective well-being from the survey. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify interview themes. Theme counts for students who reported higher and lower subjective well-being were examined. Social connectedness, time spent with friends, and perceived social support were positively correlated with students' subjective well-being, with social connectedness explaining unique variance. Common themes included challenges navigating a new social environment and the importance of family, friends, and professors in providing social support. Students with lower subjective well-being more frequently discussed struggles to make social connections and the trade-off between socializing and succeeding academically, whereas students with higher subjective well-being more frequently described college as providing opportunities to develop meaningful social connections. This study adds new perspectives on the college experience for autistic students and highlights the important role that social connections and support play in their subjective well-being.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/RVPDZLFI/Bailey et al. - 2020 - The relationship between social experience and sub.pdf}
}

@article{deka2016,
  title = {Travel Patterns, Needs, and Barriers of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: {{Report}} from a Survey},
  shorttitle = {Travel {{Patterns}}, {{Needs}}, and {{Barriers}} of {{Adults}} with {{Autism Spectrum Disorder}}},
  author = {Deka, Devajyoti and Feeley, Cecilia and Lubin, Andrea},
  year = {2016},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Transportation Research Record},
  volume = {2542},
  number = {1},
  pages = {9--16},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc},
  issn = {0361-1981},
  doi = {10.3141/2542-02},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received a substantial amount of attention in other fields, very little appears in the transportation literature about people with ASD. Because the National Household Travel Survey and metropolitan travel surveys do not classify people with ASD as a separate category of persons with disabilities, very little information is available about their travel patterns, needs, or barriers. To bridge the existing information gap, this paper provides results from a recent survey that focused exclusively on adults with ASD in New Jersey to learn about their travel patterns, the importance of the various types of trips they make, and the barriers they encounter regarding the use of different transportation modes. The survey, distributed through various organizations throughout the state, was completed by or for 703 adults. Because the objective of the paper is to provide as much information as possible from the survey, no attempt has been made to compare the travel patterns, needs, and barriers of the survey respondents with those of the general population. However, other researchers can easily compare the survey results provided in this paper with data from other sources. Although the survey generated other valuable information, the most revealing information pertained to barriers to walking, driving, taking public transit, and even taking rides from others. The information collected through this research is being shared through outreach efforts with agencies that provide or fund transportation to persons with disabilities in New Jersey.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/TCGDDBJD/Deka et al. - 2016 - Travel Patterns, Needs, and Barriers of Adults wit.pdf}
}

@misc{zotero-1265,
  title = {Transportation {{Issues}} of {{Adults}} on the {{Autism Spectrum}}},
  doi = {10.3141/2542-01},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  howpublished = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.3141/2542-01?src=getftr},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/2UJGLXU7/2542-01.html}
}

@misc{zotero-1267,
  title = {Transportation {{Issues}} of {{Adults}} on the {{Autism Spectrum}}},
  doi = {10.3141/2542-01},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  howpublished = {https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.3141/2542-01},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/NJLJPNDB/2542-01.html}
}

@article{lubin2016,
  title = {Transportation Issues of Adults on the Autism Spectrum: {{Findings}} from Focus Group Discussions},
  shorttitle = {Transportation {{Issues}} of {{Adults}} on the {{Autism Spectrum}}},
  author = {Lubin, Andrea and Feeley, Cecilia},
  year = {2016},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Transportation Research Record},
  volume = {2542},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--8},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications Inc},
  issn = {0361-1981},
  doi = {10.3141/2542-01},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {Approximately 1.5 to 3.5 million Americans have autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a developmental disability characterized by social communication impairments, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. In the coming decade, a half-million persons with ASD in the United States will enter adulthood. Information on the transportation needs and challenges facing this population is limited, which hinders the development of sound policies and strategies to meet those needs successfully. This paper presents the findings from a series of focus groups conducted in New Jersey with adults with ASD and their parents or guardians. The focus groups were part of a larger study that included stakeholder interviews and a survey of this population on transportation-related issues and concerns. The findings provide evidence of the vital role of transportation in the lives of persons with ASD, especially as they seek to navigate the often difficult transition to adulthood. Transportation issues of special concern among all participants included an absence of transport options, lack of familiarity with public transportation modes, and cost factors. Parents were concerned about the safety of their adult children with ASD when they used public transportation. They also described the financial and emotional implications of being the primary transportation providers for their adult children. Adult participants with ASD discussed the difficulties of relying on their families for transportation and many conveyed a desire to use public transportation or to secure a driver's license, or both, as a means to achieve greater independence and employment success.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/VA2EEYBQ/Lubin and Feeley - 2016 - Transportation Issues of Adults on the Autism Spec.pdf}
}

@article{ratering2024,
  title = {Moving around with an Anxiety Disorder},
  author = {Ratering, Christian and {van der Heijden}, Rob and Martens, Karel},
  year = {2024},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},
  volume = {100},
  pages = {493--506},
  issn = {1369-8478},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trf.2023.12.005},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {People with anxiety disorders may encounter anxiety triggers when (planning to) travel(ing) to a destination, affecting their ability to actively participate in society. Using a Multiple Case Study Design, this paper aims to improve our knowledge on mobility-related problems experienced by people with anxiety disorders and their potential impact on these people's daily life. In-depth interviews were held with 40 Dutch adults officially diagnosed with anxiety disorders by professionals in the field of psychology. Data revealed that most interviewees experience a mix of problems in using various transport modes. Interviewees often experience the feeling of being locked up and not being able to escape as anxiety triggers. They perceive the mobility system as complex and overwhelming, while mobility-related information can trigger panic attacks or lower respondents' stress level. Interviewees employ a variety of coping mechanisms: avoidance of transport modes; avoidance of highways, bridges, tunnels; remaining in a familiar, predictable environment; asking for social support when travel is necessary; and searching for adequate travel information to use before and during travel. Coping with anxiety disorders and mobility-related problems may have far-reaching impacts on professional life, including job switching and job relocation. The study shows that it is challenging to define the boundaries of the topic under study and almost impossible to develop a `one-size-fits-all' approach to alleviate this population's problems. We end with directions for further research into transport interventions that could benefit people with anxiety disorders.},
  keywords = {Active mobility,Anxiety disorders,Driving phobia,Mental illness,Mobility related problems,Public transport},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/3U2KQ3LC/S136984782300270X.html}
}

@inproceedings{huang2016,
  title = {Assessing Social Anxiety Using Gps Trajectories and Point-of-Interest Data},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2016 {{ACM International Joint Conference}} on {{Pervasive}} and {{Ubiquitous Computing}}},
  author = {Huang, Yu and Xiong, Haoyi and Leach, Kevin and Zhang, Yuyan and Chow, Philip and Fua, Karl and Teachman, Bethany A. and Barnes, Laura E.},
  year = {2016},
  month = sep,
  pages = {898--903},
  publisher = {ACM},
  address = {Heidelberg Germany},
  doi = {10.1145/2971648.2971761},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-4461-6},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/HGGBSDGQ/Huang et al. - 2016 - Assessing social anxiety using gps trajectories an.pdf}
}

@article{leichsenring2017,
  title = {Social Anxiety Disorder},
  author = {Leichsenring, Falk and Leweke, Frank},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
  volume = {376},
  number = {23},
  pages = {2255--2264},
  publisher = {Massachusetts Medical Society},
  doi = {10.1056/NEJMcp1614701},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {Social anxiety disorder is characterized by an intense fear of social situations in which a person anticipates being evaluated negatively. Preferred treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors. Foreword This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the authors' clinical recommendations. Stage A 26-year-old student reports feeling very anxious when giving a presentation, taking an examination, or meeting an authority figure. In these situations, he has palpitations, tremors, blushing, and sweating, and he is fearful that he will embarrass himself. He reports having few social contacts and avoids going to parties and making phone calls, but he feels lonely. His anxieties started during his teenage years and have increased considerably since he started attending a university. How should this case be managed? The Clinical Problem Social anxiety disorder is characterized by an intense fear of social situations in which the person .~.~.},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/9NR58D9Z/Leichsenring Falk and Leweke Frank - 2017 - Social Anxiety Disorder.pdf}
}

@article{ye2021,
  title = {Social Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being among {{Chinese}} College Students: {{A}} Moderated Mediation Model},
  shorttitle = {Social Anxiety and Subjective Well-Being among {{Chinese}} College Students},
  author = {Ye, Baojuan and Li, Lu and Wang, Peiyi and Wang, Ruining and Liu, Mingfan and Wang, Xinqiang and Yang, Qiang},
  year = {2021},
  month = jun,
  journal = {Personality and Individual Differences},
  volume = {175},
  pages = {110680},
  issn = {0191-8869},
  doi = {10.1016/j.paid.2021.110680},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {This study examined the mediating effect of regulatory emotional self-efficacy and the moderating effect of meaning in life on the relationship between social anxiety and subjective well-being among Chinese college students. Nine hundred and eight Chinese students (Mage~=~20.14, SD~=~1.71; 49\% males) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding social anxiety, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, meaning in life, and subjective well-being. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to determine the relation between social anxiety and subjective well-being and the moderated mediation model. The results revealed that regulatory emotional self-efficacy fully mediated the link between social anxiety and college students' subjective well-being. College students' meaning in life moderated the associations between social anxiety and college students' regulatory emotional self-efficacy and between regulatory emotional self-efficacy and subjective well-being. Particularly, the link between social anxiety and regulatory emotional self-efficacy was only significant for those with lower meaning in life. The association between regulatory emotional self-efficacy and subjective well-being was more robust for those with higher meaning in life. This study identified the critical factors associated with subjective well-being; it supplies empirical support for existing theories and provides practical implications for interventions aiming to improve Chinese college students' subjective well-being.},
  keywords = {College students,Meaning in life,Regulatory emotional self-efficacy,Social anxiety,Subjective well-being},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/SW3YSA7L/S0191886921000556.html}
}

@article{ozturk2010,
  title = {The Relationship between Attachment Style, Subjective Well-Being, Happiness and Social Anxiety among University Students'},
  author = {{\"O}zt{\"u}rk, Abd{\"u}lkadir and Mutlu, Tansu},
  year = {2010},
  month = jan,
  journal = {Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences},
  series = {World {{Conference}} on {{Learning}}, {{Teaching}} and {{Administration Papers}}},
  volume = {9},
  pages = {1772--1776},
  issn = {1877-0428},
  doi = {10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.398},
  urldate = {2024-05-13},
  abstract = {Individuals have to communicate healthy with each other for being happy in their life. However, it always cannot be as expected. Sometimes university students' have difficulty about an interactive communication in social environment. This difficulty can be related to lots of factors. Some of them are individuals' happiness level, subjective well-being level, attachment style and also social anxiety level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between subjective well-being, attachment style, happiness in relationship and social anxiety. Scanning model is used in this research. This research was conducted on 305 students who were studying in EskiGehir Osmangazi University. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between subjective well-being and happiness in relationship. In addition, preoccupied, fearful and dismissing attached students' social anxiety level is higher than secure attached students' social anxiety level.Socially anxious student's level of subjective well-being is lower than the others.},
  keywords = {attachment style,happiness,Social anxiety,subjective well-being},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/KMAJJFZI/S1877042810025036.html}
}

@article{fonseca-pedrero2022,
  title = {Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescent Suicidal Behaviour: {{A}} Network Analysis},
  shorttitle = {Risk and {{Protective Factors}} in {{Adolescent Suicidal Behaviour}}},
  author = {{Fonseca-Pedrero}, Eduardo and {Al-Halab{\'i}}, Susana and {P{\'e}rez-Alb{\'e}niz}, Alicia and Debban{\'e}, Martin},
  year = {2022},
  month = jan,
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume = {19},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1784},
  publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
  issn = {1660-4601},
  doi = {10.3390/ijerph19031784},
  urldate = {2024-05-14},
  abstract = {Given that death by suicide continues to rank among the top three causes of death during adolescence, new psychological models may contribute critical insight towards understanding the complex interactions between risk and protective factors in suicidal behaviour. The main objective of this study was to analyse the psychological network structure of suicidal behaviour and putative risk and protective factors in school-aged adolescents. Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling was performed. The final sample comprised 1790 students (53.7\% female, M = 15.7 years, SD = 1.26). Instruments were administered to assess suicidal behaviour, emotional and behavioural difficulties, prosocial behaviour, subjective well-being, self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, academic performance, socio-economic status, school engagement, bullying, and cyberbullying. Results: In the estimated psychological network, the node with the highest strength was depressive symptomatology, and that with the highest expected influence value was bullying. Suicidal behaviour was positively connected to symptoms of depression and behavioural problems. In addition, suicidal behaviour was negatively connected to self-esteem and personal well-being. The results of the stability analysis indicated that the network was accurately estimated. Conclusions: Suicidal behaviour can be conceptualised as a dynamic, complex system of cognitive, emotional, and affective characteristics. New psychological models allow us to analyse and understand human behaviour from a new perspective, suggesting new forms of conceptualisation, evaluation, intervention, and prevention.},
  copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {adolescents,network,protective factors,risk factors,suicidal behaviour},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/HG7IZIXW/Fonseca-Pedrero et al. - 2022 - Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescent Suicidal.pdf}
}

@article{fumero2021,
  title = {Adolescents' Bipolar Experiences and Suicide Risk: {{Well-being}} and Mental Health Difficulties as Mediators},
  shorttitle = {Adolescents' {{Bipolar Experiences}} and {{Suicide Risk}}},
  author = {Fumero, Ascensi{\'o}n and Marrero, Rosario J. and {P{\'e}rez-Alb{\'e}niz}, Alicia and {Fonseca-Pedrero}, Eduardo},
  year = {2021},
  month = jan,
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume = {18},
  number = {6},
  pages = {3024},
  publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
  issn = {1660-4601},
  doi = {10.3390/ijerph18063024},
  urldate = {2024-05-14},
  abstract = {Bipolar disorder is usually accompanied by a high suicide risk. The main aim was to identify the risk and protective factors involved in suicide risk in adolescents with bipolar experiences. Of a total of 1506 adolescents, 467 (31\%) were included in the group reporting bipolar experiences or symptoms, 214 males (45.8\%) and 253 (54.2\%) females. The mean age was 16.22 (SD = 1.36), with the age range between 14 and 19. Suicide risk, behavioral and emotional difficulties, prosocial capacities, well-being, and bipolar experiences were assessed through self-report. Mediation analyses, taking gender as a moderator and controlling age as a covariate, were applied to estimate suicide risk. The results indicated that the effect of bipolar experiences on suicide risk is mediated by behavioral and emotional difficulties rather than by prosocial behavior and subjective well-being. Specifically, emotional problems, problems with peers, behavior problems, and difficulties associated with hyperactivity were the most important variables. This relationship was not modulated by gender. However, the indirect effects of some mediators varied according to gender. These results support the development of suicide risk prevention strategies focused on reducing emotional difficulties, behavioral problems, and difficulties in relationships with others.},
  copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {adolescents,bipolar disorder,emotional problems,peer problems,suicide risk,well-being},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/NHUST3DN/Fumero et al. - 2021 - Adolescents’ Bipolar Experiences and Suicide Risk.pdf}
}

@article{timmermans2003,
  title = {Spatial Context and the Complexity of Daily Travel Patterns: An International Comparison},
  shorttitle = {Spatial Context and the Complexity of Daily Travel Patterns},
  author = {Timmermans, Harry and {van der Waerden}, Peter and Alves, Mario and Polak, John and Ellis, Scott and Harvey, Andrew S. and Kurose, Shigeyuki and Zandee, Rianne},
  year = {2003},
  month = mar,
  journal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {37--46},
  issn = {0966-6923},
  doi = {10.1016/S0966-6923(02)00050-9},
  urldate = {2024-05-16},
  abstract = {The analysis of travel patterns is an important research topic in transportation research and urban planning. It provides the background information necessary to better understand the complex relationship between urban structure, the transportation system and household travel patterns. To what extent do travel behaviour reflect the properties of the urban structure and the transportation network, or do these patterns largely follow their own regularities? Can different patterns be observed across different space-time settings, or can common patterns be observed, largely independent from such contexts? To better understand these relationships, this paper reports on some of the findings of analyses, conducted to identify underlying structures in various aspects of travel patterns. Travel patterns, derived from activity and travel diary data collected in Portland (USA), Midlands (UK), Fukuoka (Japan), Canadian metropolitan areas, and the South-Rotterdam region (The Netherlands) are compared. The results indicate that travel patterns are largely independent from spatial setting, except for some extreme cases.},
  keywords = {Daily activity patterns,Spatial context,Transport},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/9XVSFKXW/S0966692302000509.html}
}

@misc{2023,
  title = {Mental {{Health By}} the {{Numbers}}},
  year = {2023},
  month = apr,
  journal = {NAMI},
  urldate = {2024-05-16},
  abstract = {Millions of people in the U.S. are affected by mental illness each year. It's important to measure how common mental illness is, so we can understand its physical, social and financial impact --- and so we can show that no one is alone. These numbers are also powerful tools for raising public awareness, stigma-busting and [{\dots}]},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/KZYCC8WU/mental-health-by-the-numbers.html}
}

@book{wooldridge2009,
  title = {Introductory {{Econometrics}}: {{A Modern Appraoch}}},
  author = {Wooldridge, Jeffrey},
  year = {2009},
  edition = {4},
  publisher = {South-Western Cengage Learning},
  address = {Mason, Ohio}
}

@article{kenny2016,
  title = {Which Terms Should Be Used to Describe Autism? {{Perspectives}} from the {{UK}} Autism Community},
  shorttitle = {Which Terms Should Be Used to Describe Autism?},
  author = {Kenny, Lorcan and Hattersley, Caroline and Molins, Bonnie and Buckley, Carole and Povey, Carol and Pellicano, Elizabeth},
  year = {2016},
  month = may,
  journal = {Autism},
  volume = {20},
  number = {4},
  pages = {442--462},
  publisher = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
  issn = {1362-3613},
  doi = {10.1177/1362361315588200},
  urldate = {2024-07-25},
  abstract = {Recent public discussions suggest that there is much disagreement about the way autism is and should be described. This study sought to elicit the views and preferences of UK autism community members -- autistic people, parents and their broader support network -- about the terms they use to describe autism. In all, 3470 UK residents responded to an online survey on their preferred ways of describing autism and their rationale for such preferences. The results clearly show that people use many terms to describe autism. The most highly endorsed terms were `autism' and `on the autism spectrum', and to a lesser extent, `autism spectrum disorder', for which there was consensus across community groups. The groups disagreed, however, on the use of several terms. The term `autistic' was endorsed by a large percentage of autistic adults, family members/friends and parents but by considerably fewer professionals; `person with autism' was endorsed by almost half of professionals but by fewer autistic adults and parents. Qualitative analysis of an open-ended question revealed the reasons underlying respondents' preferences. These findings demonstrate that there is no single way of describing autism that is universally accepted and preferred by the UK's autism community and that some disagreements appear deeply entrenched.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/gregmacfarlane/Zotero/storage/2M8DJLX2/Kenny et al. - 2016 - Which terms should be used to describe autism Per.pdf}
}