Use cached builds for release and publish workflow

[NohaIhab]

Context

Based on the CI now using cached builds and building charms in separate runners in #421 and using them in the integration tests, we should use the same charm artifacts in the release and publish workflow. This is to ensure that we release the same artifact that we have tested. It is compliant with the CI/CD 25.04 roadmap item scope.

What needs to get done

1. Refactor the release workflow to use the same builds as tests
2. Refactor the publish workflow to use the same builds as tests

Definition of Done

single cached build for integration tests, publish, and release

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The internal ticket has been created: https://warthogs.atlassian.net/browse/KF-6772.

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