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class="ai-btn-item" id="ccnone">介绍自己 🙈</div><div class="ai-btn-item">生成本文简介 👋</div><div class="ai-btn-item">推荐相关文章 📖</div><div class="ai-btn-item">前往主页 🏠</div><div class="ai-btn-item" id="go-tianli-blog">前往爱发电购买</div></div><script data-pjax src="/js/anzhiyu/ai_abstract.js"></script></div><article class="post-content" id="article-container" itemscope itemtype="https://ctext.top/51a7.html"><header><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/" itemprop="url">技术教程</a><a href="/tags/JAVA/" tabindex="-1" itemprop="url">JAVA</a><a href="/tags/%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E7%B1%BB/" tabindex="-1" itemprop="url">工具类</a><h1 id="CrawlerTitle" itemprop="name headline">java随机数介绍以及生成随机日期</h1><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">伴随</span><time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2024-10-14T12:16:33.000Z" title="发表于 2024-10-14 20:16:33">2024-10-14</time><time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2025-02-10T13:31:54.758Z" title="更新于 2025-02-10 21:31:54">2025-02-10</time></header><h1>生成一个随机日期</h1>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> Date <span class="title function_">randomTime</span><span class="params">(Date startTime, Date endTime)</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 获取时间区间的起始毫秒值和结束毫秒值</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">startMillis</span> <span class="operator">=</span> startTime.getTime();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">endMillis</span> <span class="operator">=</span> endTime.getTime();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 使用 ThreadLocalRandom 在区间内生成一个随机的毫秒值</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">randomMillis</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextLong(startMillis, endMillis);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 返回一个新的随机时间</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Date</span>(randomMillis);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<div class="note info no-icon flat"><p>工具类比较简单，这里就不多介绍了，这篇文章主要介绍一下java生成随机数的API</p>
</div>
<h1>JAVA生成随机数API</h1>
<h2 id="1-java-util-Random">1. java.util.Random</h2>
<p><strong>Random</strong> 是 Java 中最常用的随机数生成器，属于伪随机数生成器（PRNG）。<strong>Random</strong> 提供了一系列方法来生成不同类型的随机数。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Random</span> <span class="variable">random</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Random</span>();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">randomInt</span> <span class="operator">=</span> random.nextInt(); <span class="comment">// 生成随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">randomIntInRange</span> <span class="operator">=</span> random.nextInt(<span class="number">100</span>); <span class="comment">// 生成 0 到 99 之间的随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">randomLong</span> <span class="operator">=</span> random.nextLong(); <span class="comment">// 生成随机长整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">double</span> <span class="variable">randomDouble</span> <span class="operator">=</span> random.nextDouble(); <span class="comment">// 生成 0.0 到 1.0 之间的随机小数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="2-java-util-concurrent-ThreadLocalRandom">2. java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom</h2>
<p><strong>ThreadLocalRandom</strong> 是 <strong>Random</strong> 的线程安全版本，适合在多线程环境中使用。它的性能更好，因为它为每个线程创建一个独立的随机数生成器。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">ThreadLocalRandom</span> <span class="variable">random</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ThreadLocalRandom.current();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">randomInt</span> <span class="operator">=</span> random.nextInt(); <span class="comment">// 生成随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">randomIntInRange</span> <span class="operator">=</span> random.nextInt(<span class="number">100</span>); <span class="comment">// 生成 0 到 99 之间的随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">randomLong</span> <span class="operator">=</span> random.nextLong(); <span class="comment">// 生成随机长整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">double</span> <span class="variable">randomDouble</span> <span class="operator">=</span> random.nextDouble(); <span class="comment">// 生成 0.0 到 1.0 之间的随机小数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="3-java-security-SecureRandom">3. java.security.SecureRandom</h2>
<p><strong>SecureRandom</strong> 是专门设计用于生成加密强度的随机数。它比 Random 更安全，因为它使用的是加密算法生成的随机数，适合需要高安全性的场景，例如生成加密密钥、会话标识符等</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">SecureRandom</span> <span class="variable">secureRandom</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">SecureRandom</span>();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">randomInt</span> <span class="operator">=</span> secureRandom.nextInt(); <span class="comment">// 生成随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">randomIntInRange</span> <span class="operator">=</span> secureRandom.nextInt(<span class="number">100</span>); <span class="comment">// 生成 0 到 99 之间的随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">byte</span>[] bytes = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">byte</span>[<span class="number">16</span>];</span><br><span class="line">secureRandom.nextBytes(bytes); <span class="comment">// 生成随机字节数组</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-Math-random">4. Math.random()</h2>
<p><strong>Math.random()</strong> 是 Java 中生成 0.0 到 1.0 之间的双精度浮点数的简便方法，它是 <strong>Random</strong> 类的一个简化接口。<strong>Math.random()</strong> 内部实际上使用的是 <strong>Random</strong> 类的实例。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">double</span> <span class="variable">randomDouble</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Math.random(); <span class="comment">// 生成 0.0 到 1.0 之间的随机小数</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="5-java-util-Random-ints-Java-8">5. java.util.Random#ints (Java 8+)</h2>
<p>从 <strong>Java 8</strong> 开始，<strong>Random</strong> 类新增了一些流式 <strong>API</strong>，可以用来生成随机数流，这对于生成一组随机数非常有用。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">Random</span> <span class="variable">random</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Random</span>();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 生成一个包含 5 个随机整数的流</span></span><br><span class="line">random.ints(<span class="number">5</span>).forEach(System.out::println);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 生成指定范围内的随机整数流</span></span><br><span class="line">random.ints(<span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">100</span>).forEach(System.out::println);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="总结">总结</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">随机数生成器</th>
<th>特点</th>
<th>适用场景</th>
<th>性能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>Random</code></td>
<td>伪随机数生成器，使用线性同余法，支持多种随机数类型生成。</td>
<td>普通单线程场景</td>
<td>中</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>ThreadLocalRandom</code></td>
<td>线程安全，性能优于 <code>Random</code>，适合多线程环境。</td>
<td>多线程场景</td>
<td>高</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>SecureRandom</code></td>
<td>安全性高，难以预测，适合加密、生成密钥等场景。</td>
<td>安全性要求高的场景（加密、认证等）</td>
<td>低</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>Math.random()</code></td>
<td>简单易用，只能生成 <code>0.0 - 1.0</code> 的 <code>double</code> 随机数。</td>
<td>生成简单的随机小数</td>
<td>中</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left"><code>Random#ints</code> (Java 8+)</td>
<td>支持流式生成随机数，适合生成多个随机数。</td>
<td>批量生成随机数</td>
<td>中</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="最后再说一下Hutool中的随机数API">最后再说一下<strong>Hutool</strong>中的随机数API</h2>
<p><strong>Hutool</strong> 库中的 <strong>RandomUtil</strong> 提供了一系列生成随机数的方法，它基于 <strong>JDK</strong> 的 <strong>ThreadLocalRandom</strong> 实现，因此具备线程安全、性能高效的特性。在性能和使用便捷性上，<strong>RandomUtil</strong> 与 <strong>JDK</strong> 原生的随机数生成工具相比，有一些优势，尤其是简化了常见的随机数生成操作。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 用法很多，这里简单写几个</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">randomInt</span> <span class="operator">=</span> RandomUtil.randomInt(); <span class="comment">// 生成一个随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> <span class="variable">randomIntInRange</span> <span class="operator">=</span> RandomUtil.randomInt(<span class="number">100</span>); <span class="comment">// 生成 0 到 99 之间的随机整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">long</span> <span class="variable">randomLong</span> <span class="operator">=</span> RandomUtil.randomLong(); <span class="comment">// 生成随机长整数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">randomString</span> <span class="operator">=</span> RandomUtil.randomString(<span class="number">10</span>); <span class="comment">// 生成指定长度的随机字符串</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>用法很多，基本上我们常用的生成方式它都能提供</li>
<li>使用简单，无需创建对象，直接调用</li>
<li>不支持加密强度的随机数生成</li>
</ul>
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class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2. java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-java-security-SecureRandom"><span class="toc-number">2.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3. java.security.SecureRandom</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-Math-random"><span class="toc-number">2.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">4. Math.random()</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#5-java-util-Random-ints-Java-8"><span class="toc-number">2.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">5. java.util.Random#ints (Java 8+)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%93"><span class="toc-number">2.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">总结</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9C%80%E5%90%8E%E5%86%8D%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%8BHutool%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%95%B0API"><span class="toc-number">2.7.</span> <span class="toc-text">最后再说一下Hutool中的随机数API</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-history"></i><span>最近发布</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/9b1f.html" title="WIN MAC 快捷键大全"><img src= 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nickError: '昵称太短啦！至少得有3个字符才能算数哦！',
mail: '你的电子小信箱',
mailError: '哎呀，这不是一个合格的邮箱地址哦，请再检查一遍！',
link: '你有个酷酷的网址吗？',
optional: '这个嘛，想填就填，不填也行！',
placeholder: '吐槽一下？',
sofa: '来，坐沙发上，发表你的评论吧！',
submit: '一键发送，让世界听到你的声音！',
like: '点个赞，让TA知道你的心意！',
cancelLike: '哎呀，不小心点错了，取消赞！',
reply: '回复TA，开启一场对话吧！',
cancelReply: '等等，我话还没说完，取消回复！',
comment: '来，说说你的看法，让评论区热闹起来！',
refresh: '刷新一下，看看有啥新动态！',
more: '哇塞，还有更多精彩内容等你来加载！',
preview: '先睹为快，预览一下你的大作吧！',
emoji: '来，加点表情，让你的评论更生动！',
uploadImage: '上传你的美照，让大家一起欣赏！',
seconds: '刚刚才发的，新鲜出炉！',
minutes: '几分钟前，还热乎着呢！',
hours: '几小时前，热度还在哦！',
days: '几天前，但依旧值得一看！',
now: '哇塞，刚刚发的，快抢沙发！',
uploading: '稍等片刻，你的图片正在飞奔而来！',
login: '登录一下，解锁更多功能！',
logout: '拜拜了您嘞，下次再见！',
admin: '博主大人在此，谁敢造次！',
sticky: '置顶一下，让更多人看到你的精彩内容！',
word: '字',
wordHint: '评论字数要在0到1字之间哦！\n现在你已经写了$2个字了，加油！',
anonymous: '神秘人出没，猜猜是谁？',
level0: '潜水员，深藏不露！',
level1: '冒泡小能手，偶尔露个头！',
level2: '吐槽大师，一针见血！',
level3: '活跃分子，无处不在！',
level4: '话痨达人，说个不停！',
level5: '传说级大神，膜拜一下！',
gif: '动态表情包，让你的评论更有趣！',
gifSearchPlaceholder: '快来搜索你喜欢的表情包，让评论更生动！',
profile: '看看我的个人资料，了解一下我吧！',
approved: '审核通过，可以展示啦！',
waiting: '正在等待审核，别急哦！',
spam: '垃圾内容，走开走开！',
unsticky: '换个位置看看！',
oldest: '看看最早的评论！',
latest: '看看最新的动态！',
hottest: '看看哪条评论最火！',
reactionTitle: '快来对这篇文章发表你的看法吧，让博主知道你的想法！😜'
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