diff --git a/src/components/study-history/study-history-row.tsx b/src/components/study-history/study-history-row.tsx
index 851ccef4..7f92e9fe 100644
--- a/src/components/study-history/study-history-row.tsx
+++ b/src/components/study-history/study-history-row.tsx
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ import UserProfileModal from '@/entities/user/ui/user-profile-modal';
 import { StudyHistoryItem } from '@/types/study-history';
 
 export const StudyHistoryRow = ({ item }: { item: StudyHistoryItem }) => {
+  const partner = item.partner;
+
   return (
     <div className="border-border-subtlest text-designer-14m flex items-center gap-400 border-b px-400 py-300 transition-colors last:border-0">
       {/* 날짜 */}
@@ -33,25 +35,37 @@ export const StudyHistoryRow = ({ item }: { item: StudyHistoryItem }) => {
 
       {/* 상대방 */}
       <div className="flex w-[150px] shrink-0 items-center gap-100">
-        <UserProfileModal
-          memberId={item.partner.id}
-          trigger={
-            <div
-              className="flex cursor-pointer items-center gap-100 transition-opacity hover:opacity-80"
-              onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()} // 행 클릭 이벤트(링크 이동) 방지
-            >
-              <ProfileAvatar
-                src={item.partner.profileImage || undefined}
-                alt={item.partner.name}
-                size="sm"
-                className="h-8 w-8"
-              />
-              <span className="text-text-default truncate font-medium">
-                {item.partner.name}
-              </span>
-            </div>
-          }
-        />
+        {partner ? (
+          <UserProfileModal
+            memberId={partner.id}
+            trigger={
+              <div
+                className="flex cursor-pointer items-center gap-100 transition-opacity hover:opacity-80"
+                onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()} // 행 클릭 이벤트(링크 이동) 방지
+              >
+                <ProfileAvatar
+                  src={partner.profileImage || undefined}
+                  alt={partner.name}
+                  size="sm"
+                  className="h-8 w-8"
+                />
+                <span className="text-text-default truncate font-medium">
+                  {partner.name}
+                </span>
+              </div>
+            }
+          />
+        ) : (
+          <div className="text-text-subtlest flex items-center gap-100">
+            <ProfileAvatar
+              src={undefined}
+              alt="상대방 정보 없음"
+              size="sm"
+              className="h-8 w-8 opacity-60"
+            />
+            <span className="truncate font-medium">상대방 정보 없음</span>
+          </div>
+        )}
       </div>
 
       {/* 역할 */}
diff --git a/src/components/ui/profile-avatar.tsx b/src/components/ui/profile-avatar.tsx
index aff38286..d7bc122c 100644
--- a/src/components/ui/profile-avatar.tsx
+++ b/src/components/ui/profile-avatar.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use client';
 
 import Image from 'next/image';
-import React, { useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { cn } from '@/components/ui/(shadcn)/lib/utils';
 
 interface ProfileAvatarProps {
@@ -22,41 +22,63 @@ export const ProfileAvatar = ({
   const px = { sm: 32, md: 48, lg: 80, xl: 120 }[size]; // 기존 명예의 전당 사이즈와 최대한 비슷하게 매핑 (sm:32px는 기존 row에 맞춤)
   const effectiveAlt = alt || name || 'profile';
 
-  // src 정리(공백/이상한 상대경로 방지)
-  const normalizedSrc = useMemo(() => {
-    if (!src || typeof src !== 'string') return null;
+  const imageCandidates = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!src || typeof src !== 'string') return [] as string[];
     const s = src.trim();
-    if (!s) return null;
-    // 유효하지 않은 값 필터링 (LOCAL, null 등)
+    if (!s) return [];
     if (s.toUpperCase() === 'LOCAL' || s === 'null' || s === 'undefined')
-      return null;
-    // LOCAL/로 시작하는 경우 처리 (예: LOCAL/https:/picsum.photos/202)
+      return [];
     if (s.toUpperCase().startsWith('LOCAL/')) {
-      const afterLocal = s.substring(6); // 'LOCAL/'.length = 6
-      // LOCAL/ 뒤에 실제 URL이 있는 경우
+      const afterLocal = s.substring(6);
       if (
         afterLocal.startsWith('http://') ||
         afterLocal.startsWith('https://')
       ) {
-        return afterLocal;
+        return [afterLocal];
       }
 
-      // LOCAL/ 뒤에 유효하지 않은 값인 경우
-      return null;
+      return [];
     }
-    if (
-      s.startsWith('http://') ||
-      s.startsWith('https://') ||
-      s.startsWith('/')
-    )
-      return s;
-
-    return `/${s}`;
+
+    if (s.startsWith('http://') || s.startsWith('https://')) return [s];
+
+    const apiBase = process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_API_BASE_URL?.replace(/\/$/, '');
+    const candidates: string[] = [];
+
+    const addCandidate = (path: string) => {
+      if (apiBase) candidates.push(`${apiBase}${path}`);
+      candidates.push(path);
+    };
+
+    if (s.startsWith('/')) {
+      addCandidate(s);
+
+      return candidates;
+    }
+
+    if (s.includes('/')) {
+      addCandidate(`/${s}`);
+
+      return candidates;
+    }
+
+    const filename = s;
+    addCandidate(`/${filename}`);
+    addCandidate(`/images/profile-image/${filename}`);
+    addCandidate(`/profile-image/${filename}`);
+    addCandidate(`/files/images/profile-image/${filename}`);
+    addCandidate(`/MEMBER_PROFILE_IMAGE/images/profile-image/${filename}`);
+
+    return candidates;
   }, [src]);
 
-  const [broken, setBroken] = useState(false);
-  const finalSrc =
-    !broken && normalizedSrc ? normalizedSrc : '/profile-default.svg';
+  const [candidateIndex, setCandidateIndex] = useState(0);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    setCandidateIndex(0);
+  }, [imageCandidates]);
+
+  const finalSrc = imageCandidates[candidateIndex] ?? '/profile-default.svg';
 
   return (
     <Image
@@ -70,7 +92,11 @@ export const ProfileAvatar = ({
       )}
       loading="eager"
       unoptimized
-      onError={() => setBroken(true)}
+      onError={() => {
+        setCandidateIndex((prev) =>
+          prev < imageCandidates.length ? prev + 1 : prev,
+        );
+      }}
     />
   );
 };
diff --git a/src/features/auth/model/types.ts b/src/features/auth/model/types.ts
index f891d496..747847d2 100644
--- a/src/features/auth/model/types.ts
+++ b/src/features/auth/model/types.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 export interface SignUpResponse {
   content: {
     generatedMemberId: string;
-    accessToken: string;
-    refreshToken: string;
+    accessToken?: string;
+    refreshToken?: string;
   };
   status: number;
   message: string;
diff --git a/src/features/study/one-to-one/history/ui/study-history-tab-client.tsx b/src/features/study/one-to-one/history/ui/study-history-tab-client.tsx
index 77fbf653..13d653d2 100644
--- a/src/features/study/one-to-one/history/ui/study-history-tab-client.tsx
+++ b/src/features/study/one-to-one/history/ui/study-history-tab-client.tsx
@@ -19,6 +19,13 @@ const mapHistoryItem = (data: StudyHistoryContent): StudyHistoryItem => {
   const dateObj = new Date(data.scheduledAt);
   const dateStr = `${dateObj.getFullYear()}.${String(dateObj.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0')}.${String(dateObj.getDate()).padStart(2, '0')}`;
   const dayName = ['일', '월', '화', '수', '목', '금', '토'][dateObj.getDay()];
+  const partner = data.partner
+    ? {
+        id: data.partner.memberId,
+        name: data.partner.nickname,
+        profileImage: data.partner.profileImageUrl,
+      }
+    : null;
 
   return {
     id: data.studyId,
@@ -29,11 +36,7 @@ const mapHistoryItem = (data: StudyHistoryContent): StudyHistoryItem => {
       data.participation.attendance === 'PRESENT' ? 'ATTENDED' : 'NOT_STARTED',
     link: data.studyLink,
     status: data.status === 'COMPLETE' ? 'COMPLETED' : 'IN_PROGRESS',
-    partner: {
-      id: data.partner.memberId,
-      name: data.partner.nickname,
-      profileImage: data.partner.profileImageUrl,
-    },
+    partner,
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/src/types/study-history.ts b/src/types/study-history.ts
index fcae31f5..6dd07878 100644
--- a/src/types/study-history.ts
+++ b/src/types/study-history.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ export interface StudyHistoryContent {
     memberId: number;
     nickname: string;
     profileImageUrl: string | null;
-  };
+  } | null;
 }
 
 export interface PageableResponse<T> {
@@ -70,5 +70,5 @@ export interface StudyHistoryItem {
     id: number;
     name: string;
     profileImage: string | null;
-  };
+  } | null;
 }