Add the --caret-diagnostic flag

When the --caret-diagnostic flag is set, the diagnostic message contains
3 lines:
  - the first line contains the filename, line number and column number,
    followed by wrong word, right word and reason
  - the second line contains the content of the offending line
  - the third line contains the caret, showing the offending word

This is the format used by modern compilers when reporting a diagnostic
message.  The color of the caret is bold cyan.

This new format should improve the user experience, compared to the
context format.

Author: perillo

codespell_lib/_codespell.py

@@ -166,12 +166,14 @@ def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.FILE = "\033[33m"
         self.WWORD = "\033[31m"
         self.FWORD = "\033[32m"
+        self.CARET = "\033[1;36m"
         self.DISABLE = "\033[0m"
 
     def disable(self) -> None:
         self.FILE = ""
         self.WWORD = ""
         self.FWORD = ""
+        self.CARET = ""
         self.DISABLE = ""
 
 
@@ -540,6 +542,11 @@ def parse_options(
         action="store_true",
         help="output just a single line for each misspelling in stdin mode",
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--caret-diagnostic",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="use the diagnostic message format of modern compilers",
+    )
     parser.add_argument("--config", type=str, help="path to config file.")
     parser.add_argument("--toml", type=str, help="path to a pyproject.toml file.")
     parser.add_argument("files", nargs="*", help="files or directories to check")
@@ -919,6 +926,7 @@ def parse_file(
             )
         for match in check_matches:
             word = match.group()
+            column = match.start()
             lword = word.lower()
             if lword in misspellings:
                 # Sometimes we find a 'misspelling' which is actually a valid word
@@ -973,8 +981,10 @@ def parse_file(
 
                 cfilename = f"{colors.FILE}{filename}{colors.DISABLE}"
                 cline = f"{colors.FILE}{i + 1}{colors.DISABLE}"
+                ccolumn = f"{colors.FILE}{column + 1}{colors.DISABLE}"
                 cwrongword = f"{colors.WWORD}{word}{colors.DISABLE}"
                 crightword = f"{colors.FWORD}{fixword}{colors.DISABLE}"
+                ccaret = f"{colors.CARET}^{colors.DISABLE}"
 
                 reason = misspellings[lword].reason
                 if reason:
@@ -993,10 +1003,18 @@ def parse_file(
                 if (not context_shown) and (context is not None):
                     print_context(lines, i, context)
                 if filename != "-":
-                    print(
-                        f"{cfilename}:{cline}: {cwrongword} "
-                        f"==> {crightword}{creason}"
-                    )
+                    if options.caret_diagnostic:
+                        print(
+                            f"{cfilename}:{cline}:{ccolumn}: {cwrongword} "
+                            f"==> {crightword}{creason}"
+                        )
+                        print(f"{line}", end="")
+                        print("{:>{width}}{}".format("", ccaret, width=column))
+                    else:
+                        print(
+                            f"{cfilename}:{cline}: {cwrongword} "
+                            f"==> {crightword}{creason}"
+                        )
                 elif options.stdin_single_line:
                     print(f"{cline}: {cwrongword} ==> {crightword}{creason}")
                 else:
@@ -1139,6 +1157,18 @@ def main(*args: str) -> int:
         summary = None
 
     context = None
+    if options.caret_diagnostic and (
+        (options.context is not None)
+        or (options.before_context is not None)
+        or (options.after_context is not None)
+    ):
+        print(
+            "ERROR: --caret-diagnostic cannot be used together with "
+            "--context/-C --context-before/-B or --context-after/-A",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
+        parser.print_help()
+        return EX_USAGE
     if options.context is not None:
         if (options.before_context is not None) or (options.after_context is not None):
             print(