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 # MAKING LAKE PIGMENT WITH MADDER: A HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION
 
 >_The Making and Knowing Project, Columbia University_<br>
-_Last updated 2022-01-29 by NJR_
+_Last updated 2023-09-29 by NJR_
 
-Refer also to:
-- [<u>Presentation: Madder Lake: History, Chemistry, and Preparation</u>](/documents/pdf/presentation_sp23_rosenkranz_naomi_lakes_madder-history-chem-prep.pdf) - while this is for a different colorant (cochineal), the chemistry of lakes is the same.
--  [Making Pigment from Madder: a Trio of Recipes](../sp22_fld_rosenkranz_naomi_madder-lake-trio) - helpful step-by-step fieldnotes for all three recipes
+If you are not already familiar with historical pigments and natural colorants, refer to [<u>Presentation: Madder Lake: History, Chemistry, and Preparation</u>](/documents/pdf/presentation_sp23_rosenkranz_naomi_lakes_madder-history-chem-prep.pdf) for more complete information and further explanation of natural colorants and lake pigments.
+
+[![Presentation: Cochineal Lake: History, Chemistry, and Preparation](/images/madder-lake-presentation.jpg?raw=true)](/documents/pdf/presentation_sp23_rosenkranz_naomi_lakes_madder-history-chem-prep.pdf)
 
+Refer also to:
+- [Presentation: Introduction to Pigments &amp; Paints](/documents/pdf/introduction-paints-pigments_njr_2021.pdf) - a general introduction to colorants
+-  [Making Pigment from Madder: a Trio of Recipes](../sp22_fld_rosenkranz_naomi_madder-lake-trio) - helpful step-by-step fieldnotes for all three madder pigment recipes described below
 
-Lake pigments are a type of pigment prepared from organic natural colorants: plant and animal sources. As most organic natural colorants are soluble, they cannot be mixed
-directly with a binding medium and therefore cannot be used as a pigment. These colorants must therefore be extracted and then made insoluble in order to use them as pigments.
+## Lake Pigments
+Lake pigments are a type of pigment prepared from organic natural colorants: plant and animal sources. As most organic natural colorants are soluble, they cannot be mixed directly with a binding medium and therefore cannot be used as a pigment. These colorants must therefore be extracted and then made insoluble in order to use them as pigments.
 
 **Lake pigments:** in general, pigments prepared from soluble natural colorants, formed by precipitating (or adsorbing) the dye onto a colorless or white, insoluble, relatively inert substrate.